公路收费站车流量统计系统的研制

摘要

随着现代经济与现代社会的飞速发展，交通还有运输行业的安全保障问题慢慢的开始成为现代技术的关注热点以及突破口的同时，随着人们对交通管理的需求慢慢变高，如何将计算机学科还有通信、微电子等高新现代技术运用在车辆交通的监控、管理以及交通车辆的控制上，以保障交通的安全及行车的顺畅，进而改善交通环境的质量。

随着生活水平的提高，车辆不断增多，城市道路也越来越多，这些变化给城市交通的管理带来了巨大的压力。因此，车流量的统计系统对于管理监测城市交通有着重要的作用。公路收费站车流量统计系统的研制是一个很有实际意义的研究课题。

本研究课题主要研制公路收费站的车流量统计系统，基于52单片机的最小控制系统，采用两个红外传感器对车流量进行检测并且返回相应的电平信号，再由系统中的编程对电平信号进行判断、处理，最终实现对车辆的计数和显示数量。

本系统结构简单，并且程序比较优化，成本低，系统可以自动统计通过某通道的车辆数目，并且将其显示，并且不会将行人误认为是车辆。本系统对城市交通的管理以及规划有一定的帮助，同时对收费站高峰路段的交通管理有很大意义。

关键词：车流量统计；红外传感器；单片机；C语言；编程

Abstract

With the rapid development of modern economy and modern society, the security guarantee issues of traffic and transport industry are more and more important, also become an important concern and breakthrough of modern technology at the same time, the demand for traffic management is getting higher and higher. How to use the computer science, communication, microelectronics and other high-tech in the traffic monitoring, management and control of vehicle to the traffic safety and smooth traffic, and improve the quality of the traffic environment.

With the improvement of living standards, there are too much vehicles increasing and more and more urban roads arising, these changes to the urban traffic management brought great pressure. Therefore, traffic statistics system for monitoring and management of urban traffic is an important role. Development of highway toll station vehicle traffic statistics system is a very practical significance of the research topic.

This research mainly developed highway toll station traffic statistics system, minimal control system based on the microcontroller 52, using two infrared sensors of vehicle flow detection and returns the corresponding level signals, then by program in the system to the signal level to judge and process, and ultimately on vehicle counting and number display.

The system's structure is simple, and the program optimization, low cost. the system can automatic statistics through a single channel of a number of vehicles, and its display, and pedestrians will not be mistaken for the vehicle. The system of urban traffic management and planning has some helps, at the same time, the toll station peak road traffic management has great significance.

Keyword：statistics of vehicle flow；infrared sensor；SCM；C language；programming

目录

摘要........................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT.............................................................................................. I I 1 绪论 (1)

1.1研究的背景、目的 (1)

1.2发展现状 (2)

1.3发展方向 (2)

1.4本章小结 (3)

2 方案设计 (4)

2.1传统车流量统计系统 (4)

2.1.1以超声波为基础的车流量统计系统 (4)

2.1.2通过视频图像来实现的车流量统计系统 (4)

2.1.3利用声学实现车流量检测 (5)

2.1.4基于磁力计的车流量检测 (5)

2.1.5基于激光雷达的检测系统 (5)

2.2红外线传感器测量技术 (6)

2.2.1红外线传感器原理 (6)

2.2.2红外线矩阵法检测车流量 (6)

2.3总体方案设计 (7)

2.4系统方案设计 (9)

2.5本章小结 (10)

3 硬件设计 (11)

3.1硬件系统设计 (11)

3.2单片机系统 (11)

3.2.1单片机系统概述 (11)

3.2.2嵌入式系统概述 (12)

3.2.3 STC89C52单片机 (13)

3.2.4 STC89C52最小系统电路 (14)

3.2.5红外传感器探测模块 (17)