语法专项·精讲—定语从句

other fields.
有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。
I have many friends to whom I’m going to send postcards.我有很多朋
友,我打算寄明信片给他们。
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。 He will tell you everything that he heard about it. 他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。 This is the factory(which/that)we visited last year. 这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。 As we know,smoking is harmful to one’s health. 众所周知,吸烟有害健康。 There are occasions when(=on which)one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
causes.(2018全国Ⅰ)
答案及剖析: 1.that/which 此处用that / which引导定语从句修饰先行词study。
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
定语从句
语法专项·精讲 跟踪训练·运用
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
语法专项·精讲
考点一 关系词的用法
关系词
who whom whose that which
被修饰的先行词
指人的词 指人的词 指人或物的词 指人或物的词 指物的词或整个主句
细筛选·巧拓展
关系词在从句 中充当的成分
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
3.有时“介词+where”可以引导定语从句,此时要和“介词+which”引导的定 语从句从意思上加以区别。 His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探了出来, 从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。 (from where相当于from out of the window,而不是from the window)
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
考点五 as,which引导的定语从句 1.as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如,正像”,as引导的句
子可放在句首、句末或句中。 As everybody knows,China is a developing country. 众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。 2.which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时,意为“这,这一点”。 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,which made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true. 莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖,这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成 现实。
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
Beijing is the place where(=in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why(=for which)he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
考点六 定语从句中的主谓一致 1.关系代词作从句的主语时,从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致,
先行词是句子时,从句的谓语动词用单数。 The recorder that has been given to me is homemade. 给我的那台录音机是国产的。 2.“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时,关系代词在从句中作主语, 从句的谓语动词常用复数,但当one前有the,the only,the very等修饰时,从 句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who have made great progress. 他是取得很大进步的学生之一。
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
2.关系副词where引导的定语从句 (1)先行词是表示地点的名词时,从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,引导词常 用关系副词where,where在从句中充当地点状语。 Jane paused in front of a counter where some attractive ties were on display.简停留在一个柜台前,一些吸引人的领带摆在那儿。 (2)有时先行词是表示抽象意义的地点名词,像activity,business,career, case,job,point,position,race,stage,situation等,当从句中缺少状语 时,用关系副词where。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
3.as常用在下列习惯用语中。 as(it) often happens,as I remember, as is often the case, as is expected,as is known to us,as is shown等。 He shouts when he gets angry,as is often the case. 他生气时就大叫,这是常有的情形。
的情况 先行词被the very,the only等修饰时
当主句中的先行词是疑问词who或which时
先行词既有人也有物时
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
只用which 不用that
的情况
非限制性定语从句中 关系代词前有介词时 先行词是that或those时
There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. 世界上对他来说好像没有不可能的事。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
考点四 “介词+关系词”引导的定语从句 1.一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:①先行词的意义;
②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配;③句子的意思。 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。 2.表示“整体和部分关系”,介词常用of。在some,any,few,none, all, both, neither,most,each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of whom are the family members. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear.他拒绝 邀请的原因不清楚。 What’s that which was put in the car? 被放入车内的是什么?
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子放在一个能使他们从不同角度认识自己的处境中对他们是有帮助的。 3.关系副词why引导的定语从句 关系副词why引导定语从句时,修饰表示原因的名词。只能在定语从句中作原 因状语,可用for which代替,有时也可以省略。如: The reason why he didn’t pass the driving test was that he lacked practice. 因为缺少实践,他没有通过驾驶考试。
主语、宾语 宾语 定语
主语、宾语、表语 主语、宾语
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
as
指人或物的词或整个主句
主语、宾语
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
why
表示原因的名词reason
原因状语
来自百度文库
Some people who are successful language learners often fail in
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
真题链接
1.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in
2014
showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running
reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all
考点二 关系代词that和which的区别
类别
说明
先行词是everything,anything,nothing,few,little,all, none等不定代词或被all,little,few,much,any,every,no等修 饰时
只用that 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身就是序数 不用which 词、形容词最高级时
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
5.“the same...that...”表同一个人或物,而“the same...as...”表同种 类的东西。 I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday. 我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。 I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.我想用你 昨天使用的那件工具。
︱高中总复习︱一轮·英语
考点三 关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句 1.关系副词when引导的定语从句
先行词是表示时间的名词,从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,引导词常用关系 副词when,when在从句中充当时间状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我还记得我第一次来这所学校的那天。 The film brought the hours back to me,when I was taken good care of in that faraway village. 这部电影把我带回到在那个偏僻的村子我被细心照顾的岁月。 The book was written in 1946,since when the education system has witnessed great changes.这本书写于1946年。自那时以来,教育制度已经 历了巨大的变化。
4.“such/so...as...”表“像……这样……”的意思,用来引导定语从句,as 在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。 Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out. 上学期我们数学老师出了一道很难的考试题,没有一个人能解出来。