高中英语：句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习-学案
英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
（三）谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。
如：We are students.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
（四）表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
常见的系动词有状态系动词可用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
（表示主语的身份－－性质）He is ill. 他病了。
（表示主语的状态）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
（完整word）高中教案英语句子成分析
（完整word）高中教案英语句子成分析英语句子成分I教学内容英语句子八种成分英语简单句基本句型II 教学目标1.知识目标：学习和掌握英语句子成分和简单句基本句型2.能力目标：简单句基本句型的识别和运用3.情感目标：通过英语句子成分和基本句型的学习，为讲和写完整正确的英语句子打下坚实的基础，树立起学好英语的信心。
III 教学重难点及方法1.教学重点：理解英语中构成各成分的词性2.教学难点：学习和运用基本句型3.教学方法：explaining, discovering & practicingIV 教学步骤Step1 significance英语是由单词——词组——句子——段落——篇章构成，环环相扣，相辅相成，英语中的句子处于一个适中的位置，可以看作是英语中连接低级和高级的纽带。
学习单词和词组的时候，我们往往要举例子来理解和运用单词和词组，与此同时，句子又是组成段落和篇章的基本单位，因此学习句子成分和结构是非常重要和必要的。
学习句子成分要会判断它是由什么词性的单词来充当该成分的，并且要学会判断句子中的各个成分，学好了该部分的知识，对于我们学习难句和分析长句十分有帮助，只有掌握了句子的构成和简单句的基本句型，我们在讲英语和写英语时才能讲出/写出完整正确的句子，才能切实去提升我们的表达和写作。
Step2 the sentence elements英语句子成分可分为8种：主语（subject）; 谓语动词（predicate）; 表语（predicative）；宾语（object）；宾语补足语（object complement）；定语（attribute）；状语（adverbial）；主语补足语（subject complement）一．主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，简单来说就是谓语动词之前的部分，往往由名词（n.），代词（pron.），数词，非谓语动词形式以及句子来充当。
1.Walls have ears. →名词2.He will take you to the hospital. →代词3.Three and four is seven. →数词4.To see is to believe. →To do不定时5.Smoking is not allowed in public places. →Doing 动名词6.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. →句子T：相信同学们对主语还是不陌生的，关键要会判断到底是什么成分充当主语。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词She came．.主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.主谓宾名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.主系表名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。
高中英语：句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习-学案
高中英语：句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习-学案(共7页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.He is asleep.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To w ear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见系词: be, sound（听）, look（看）, feel(摸)，smell（闻）, taste （吃）,remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snakeUnder the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
高中英语《句子结构》教案
高中英语《句子结构》教案【高中英语《句子结构》教案】一、教学内容本节课主要讲解英语句子结构，包括主谓结构、主谓宾结构、主谓宾补结构等。
同时，介绍复合句和复合并列句的结构，帮助学生理解并正确运用各种句子结构。
二、教学目标1. 了解并掌握主谓结构的构成要素，即主语和谓语，能正确辨识并运用。
2. 掌握主谓宾结构的构成要素，并通过一些例句的分析，了解宾语的种类及其在句子中的作用。
3. 通过学习主谓宾补结构的构成要素和意义，在语境中准确使用并加以运用。
4. 认识复合句和复合并列句的结构，能正确理解和运用。
5. 引导学生进行句子结构的扩展，培养语言表达能力和创造力。
三、教学步骤Step 1：导入1. 创设语境，通过一些图片或小故事诱发学生对句子结构的讨论。
2. 引导学生回忆句子中的主语和谓语，以及宾语在句子中的位置和作用。
Step 2：讲解主谓结构1. 呈现主谓结构的定义和构成要素，强调主谓结构是英语句子构成的基础。
2. 通过一些例句的分析，让学生感受主谓结构的运用和作用。
3. 练习主谓结构的构成，巩固学生的掌握程度。
Step 3：讲解主谓宾结构1. 简要介绍主谓宾结构的定义和构成要素，即主语、谓语和宾语。
2. 通过一些具体例句的分析，引导学生理解不同种类的宾语在句子中的作用。
3. 练习主谓宾结构的构成和协调，培养学生对各类宾语的辨识能力。
Step 4：讲解主谓宾补结构1. 介绍主谓宾补结构的定义和构成要素，即主语、谓语、宾语和宾补。
2. 引导学生理解宾补对句子的补充和修饰作用，通过例句帮助学生掌握宾补的种类和用法。
3. 练习主谓宾补结构的构成和变化，培养学生的运用能力。
Step 5：讲解复合句和复合并列句1. 通过例句，引导学生了解复合句的结构和构成要素，即主句和从句。
2. 通过例句，引导学生了解复合并列句的结构和构成要素，即含有两个或多个并列的复合句。
3. 练习复合句和复合并列句的构成和变化，培养学生在语境中正确使用。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习❖简单句的五个基本句型❖主语＋不及物动词She came．.❖主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.❖主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．❖主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.❖主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖主谓宾❖名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.❖相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语❖2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：❖主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
❖1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)❖2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)❖3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)❖4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
英语句子成分及英语句子结构讲解及总结练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子从结构上分：1．简单句2．并列句〔并列复合句〕3．复合句〔主从复合句〕1〕名词性从句：〔1〕主从(2)宾从 (3)表从 (4)同从2〕形容词性从句定从〔限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句〕副词性从句〔状从〕简单句的五种根本句型五种句子的根本结构，主谓主谓宾主系表主谓双宾语〔间宾直宾〕主谓复合宾语〔宾+宾补〕主语〔subject〕:是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
Thesunrisesintheeast. 〔名词〕Helikesdancing. 〔代词〕Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving. 〔动名词〕Toseeistobelieve. 〔不定式〕Whatheneedsisabook.〔主语从句〕Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.〔It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语〕谓语〔predicate〕:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
WestudyEnglish. Helikesplayingthegames.表语〔predicative〕:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisate acher.〔名词〕Fiveandfiveisten.〔数词〕Heisasl eep.〔形容词〕Hisfath erisin.〔副词〕Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.〔形容词化的分词〕Towearafloweristos ay “I’mpoor,Ican〔不’定式tbuy〕aring.Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome .〔表语从句〕〔常见的系动词feel(摸起来,sound〔听起有:be来〕,look〔看起来〕,taste〔尝、吃起来〕,smell 〔闻起来〕keep,stay,remain〔保持，仍是〕get,become,turnfeel〔感觉〕...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundsswee t.Tomlooksth in.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen .NowIfeeltired.第1页共14页宾语：1〕动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina. 〔名词〕Hehatesyou.〔代词〕Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.〔数词〕Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou. 〔动名词〕Ihopetoseeyouagain.〔不定式〕Didyouwritedownwhathesaid? 〔宾语从句〕2〕介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake? Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3〕双宾语-----间宾〔指人〕和直宾〔指物〕Hegavemeabookyesterday. Givethepoormansomemoney.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习❖简单句的五个基本句型❖主语＋不及物动词She came．.❖主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.❖主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．❖主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.❖主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖主谓宾❖名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.❖相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语❖2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：❖主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
❖1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)❖2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)❖3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)❖4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子【2 】构造讲授及演习❖简略句的五个根本句型❖主语＋不及物动词She came．.❖主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. ❖主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．❖主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.❖主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖主谓宾❖名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.❖雷同点都三部分,主语也一样．不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否认式不同．动词加助动词,系动词不用．表语可所以形容词,宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语❖ 2.句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：❖主语.谓语.宾语.定语.状语.表语.宾语补足语.❖ 1.主语是句子所要说的人或事物,答复是“谁”或者“什么”.平日用名词或代词担任.如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林蜜斯)❖ 2.谓语动词解释主语的动作或状况,答复“做(什么)”.重要由动词担任.如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克天天打扫房间)❖ 3.表语在系动词之后,解释主语的身份或特点,答复是“什么”或者“怎么样”.平日由名词.代词或形容词担任.如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)❖ 4.宾语表示及物动词的对象或成果,答复做的是“什么”.平日由名词或代词担任.如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人.指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面.如：He wrote mea letter . (他给我写了一封信)❖有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前组成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语.如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)5.定语润饰名词或代词,平日由形容词.代词.数词等担任.如：Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)6.状语用来润饰动词.形容词.副词,平日由副词担任.He works hard .(他工作尽力)7.宾语补足语用来解释宾语怎么样或干什么,平日由形容词或动词充当.They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们平日让教室保持干净) /He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) /The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(师长教师要我自学法语)8.同位语平日紧跟在名词.代词后面,进一步解释它的情况.如：Where is your classmateTom ?(你的同窗汤姆在哪里？)主语（subject）：句子解释的人或事物.The sun rises in the east （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It情势主语,主语从句是真正主语）(一）指出下列句中主语的中间词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行动或状况,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面.We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中间词① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质.状况和特点.He is a teacher. （名词）You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）常见连络动词1.“消失”类:表示消失或具有某种特点或状况.这类连络动词强调“消失”.常见的有:be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎.显得),prove(证实是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等.2.例如: The story sounds true.3.Those oranges taste good star.2.“中断”类:表示某种情况或状况的中断.这类连络动词强调“中断”.常见的有:remain(依旧),keep (保持),stay(保持),continue(中断.仍然),stand(处于某状况或情况)等.例如: Why don't you put the meat in the fridge?It will stay fresh for several days.It's already ten in the morning.The store remains closed.What's the matter?❖ 3.“变化”类:表示由一种情况或状况变化成另一种情况或状况.这类连络动词强调“变化”后的情况或状况.常见的有:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得), get(变得)等.❖例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.(三) 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行动的对象,常由名词或者代词担任.放在及物动词或者介词之后.如：I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词.代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave mea book yesterday.Give the poor mansome money❖(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class?⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming ❖ 5. 宾补：对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语.We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in. ( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. （介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （如今分词）I’ll have my bike repaired. （曩昔分词）❖扩大：❖主补：对主语的补充.❖He was elected monitor.❖She was found singing in the next room.❖He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.❖(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语❖① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.❖② He asked her to take the boy out of school.❖③ She found it difficult to do the work.❖④ They call me Lily sometimes.❖⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.❖⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?❖① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school ❖③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground❖划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语❖① Please tell us a story.❖② My father bought a new bike for me last week.❖③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.❖④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.❖⑤ Did he leave any message for me?❖ 6. 定语：润饰或限制名词或代词的词.词组或句子.❖Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）❖He is our friend. （代词）❖We belong to the third world.（数词）❖He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）❖The man over there is my old friend.(副词)❖The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)❖The boys playing football are in Class 2. （如今分词）❖The trees planted last year are growing well now. （曩昔分词）❖I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）❖You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）❖(六) 挑出下列句中的定语❖① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.❖② What is your given name?❖③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.❖④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.❖⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs❖7. 状语：用来润饰v., adj., adv., or 句子.表示时光.地点.原因.目标.成果.程度.前提.方法和妥协.（以下例句按上述次序分列）❖I will go there tomorrow.❖The meeting will be held in the meeting room.❖The meat went bad because of the hot weather.❖He studies hard to learn English well.❖He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.❖I like some of you very much.❖If you study hard, you will pass the exam.❖He goes to school by bike.❖Though he is young, he can do it well.❖(七) 挑出下列句中的状语❖① There was a big smile on her face.❖② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.❖③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.❖④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.❖⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.❖① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm❖八.同位语❖当一个概念词在前,后面的词.词组或者句子是在解释前者时,并且两者的语法功效雷同,后者就是前者的同位语.❖Mr. Black, our English teacher, is a good tennis player.❖我们的英语师长教师——布莱克师长教师是个优良的网球手.❖ Football, the only interest in life, has brought him many friends.❖足球----他独一的爱好,让他交友了很多同伙.❖Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.❖昨天我碰到了我弟弟的同伙汤姆.❖That’s her habit, reading in bed.❖躺在床上看书是她的习惯.❖Your suggestion, to strike while the iron is hot, seemed a good idea.❖你建议趁热打铁,这个建议很好.❖He gave orders that the work should be started immediately.❖他发出指导要立刻开端工作.❖You still haven’t answered my question why you didn’t come to school yesterday.❖你还没有答复我昨天为什么没有上学.❖同位语从句常跟在某些名词后,对其作进一步的解释.这些名词包括：fact, doubt, idea, news, hope, indication, decision, possibility, assumption, suggestion, question.这类从句常常有that引诱,有时也可以用what, why, whether, when 等引诱.(九)插入语❖插入语是措辞者对所表达的意思的补充.强调.解释或者措辞的立场,其地位灵巧常常用逗号或者破折号离开,并且在语法上不影响其他成份.❖ 1.插入语常以副词（副词短语）.形容词（形容词短语）.介词短语.非谓语动词短语等情势消失.❖（ 1 ）常见的副词及短语： indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly, naturally, luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等.。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型❖主语＋不及物动词She came．.❖主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.❖主语＋系动词＋主语补语❖She is happy．❖主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语❖She gave John a book．❖She bought a book for me.❖主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语❖She makes her mother angry．❖The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖（There +be There lies a book on the desk.主谓宾❖名／代－－动词－－名／代❖we-- saw --you.❖we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词❖you are beautiful❖you seems worried.❖you are a stufent.❖相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：❖主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
❖1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
❖如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)❖2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
❖如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)❖3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
❖如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
❖如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
高考英语复习学案：句子成分和句子结构专题(2020版)
句子的种类和句子成分专题一、句子成分的概念句子是由各个组成部分构成的，这些组成的部分称之为句子的成分。
总体来说，一个完整的句子必须包含“主语+谓语”两个部分，这是一个句子的核心成分。
除此之外，句子成分还有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语、独立成分等。
例：1、The little eagle grew up. 小鹰长大了。
（主语）（谓语）2、The People’s Republic of China was born in 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于1949年。
（主语）（谓语）（时间状语）3、I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 我昨天在车站遇到了我最好的朋友汤姆。
主谓宾同位语状语二、句子的种类句子可大致分为：简单句、并列句、复合句三类。
1、简单句：只含有一套主谓结构的句子称为简单句，简单句只有一个谓语。
例：1）I went to Japan last year. 我去年去了日本。
2）These boys are playing basketball. 这些孩子正在打篮球。
2、并列句：含有两个或两个以上的简单句并列而成的句子，称之为并列句，这些简单句之间一般由并列连词或分号连接，且地位平等。
例：1）His brother is a doctor and his sister is a singer. 他哥哥是一名医生，他姐姐是一名歌手。
2）I hoped to study abroad, but fate had decided other wise. 我本来希望出国留学，但天意弄人难如愿。
3）Neither I would consult him nor he would ask me for advice. 我不想和他商量，他也不会来征求我的意见。
【常见的并列连接词】and; but; or; yet; for; so; and so; while; whereas; as well as; rather than; not only…but also; either….or; neither….nor3、复合句：也称为主从复合句，指由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。
五种基本句型及句子成分的分析教案
五种基本句型及句子成分的分析教案一、教学目标1. 让学生掌握五种基本句型：S+V+O、S+V、S+V+IO、S+V+P、S+V+O+OC。
2. 让学生了解句子成分的分类及功能，能够分析句子成分。
3. 提高学生对英语句子的理解和表达能力。
二、教学内容1. 五种基本句型及例子：a. S+V+O：主语+动词+宾语例如：I (S) like (V) apples (O).b. S+V：主语+动词例如：She (S) reads (V).c. S+V+IO：主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语例如：We (S) call (V) him (IO) John.d. S+V+P：主语+动词+介词短语例如：They (S) are (V) in (P) the classroom.e. S+V+O+OC：主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语例如：I (S) think (V) she (O) is (OC) a teacher.2. 句子成分及功能：a. 主语（Subject）：句子谈论的人或事物。
例如：The cat (S) is sleeping.b. 谓语（Predicate）：句子表达的动作或状态。
例如：Eats (V) the mouse (S).c. 宾语（Object）：动作的承受者。
例如：I (S) like (V) apples (O).d. 宾语补足语（Object Complement）：补充说明宾语的状态或性质。
例如：She (S) calls (V) him (O) John.e. 状语（Adverbial）：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
例如：Quietly ( Adv ) he (S) opens (V) the door.f. 定语（Attributive）：修饰名词，说明名词的性质、数量、状态等。
例如：The red (Attr) car (N) is fast.g. 补语（Complement）：补充说明主语的状态或性质。
高中英语Unit1Backtoschool语法精讲1句子成分与句子结构学案牛津译林版必修第一册
语法精讲① 句子成分与句子结构1．句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等，起主要作用的是主语和谓语。
(1)主语(subject)主语指句子所谈论的主题，作主语的通常是名词、代词，也可以是数词、doing、to do 或者主语从句。
❶The efforts you make are sure to pay off sooner or later.你的努力迟早会有回报的。
❷We can take advantage of this opportunity to strengthen the relationship between the two companies.我们可以利用这次机会来加强两个公司之间的联系。
❸Four and five is nine.四加五等于九。
❹What you need is more practice.你需要的是更多的练习。
[特别提示] 动词不定式、动名词或者从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置。
❺T o see such a serious man play jokes on us is amazing.＝It is amazing to see such a serious man play jokes on us.看到这么严肃的一个人开我们的玩笑，真令人吃惊。
(2)谓语(predicate)谓语用来说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征状态，由行为动词的时态、语态充当。
❻He succeeded at last by working hard.他通过努力工作最后成功了。
❼He didn't focus his attention on his study last night.昨天晚上他没有专心学习。
❽He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。
语法复习：句子成分+常用句式学案设计（译林牛津版英语高三）
语法复习：句子成分+常用句式学案设计(译林牛津版英语高三)一、句子成分句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
练习一1、用符号划出下列短文各句中的句子成分：I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.2、给下列文字加上标点符号。
英语句子成分和句子结构讲义
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分分析：（6种：主谓宾定状补）1、主语（Subject）：动作的发出者，可由名词、代词、不定式（to do）、或动名词（V-ing）等来充当，通常置于句首。
The sun rises in the east.2、谓语（Predicate）: 只有动词或动词短语才能充当，置于主语之后说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.3、宾语：动作的承受者1）动宾位于谓语动词（vt）之后I like China. （名词）I like listen to the classical music.2）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.4、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Marry is an English teacher.（名词）5、状语。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。
He goes to school by bike.6、补语宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We will make them happy. （形容词）7、表语（Predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep.（形容词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)The cleaner's job is to clean the street.（不定式）（常见的系动词有be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主＋谓（vi不及物动词) She came．/ My head aches.主＋谓（vt及物动词）＋宾语She likes English.主＋谓＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.主＋系＋表She is happy．主＋谓（vt.）＋宾＋宾补She makes her mother angry．（There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）句子的种类：陈述句/ 祈使句/ 感叹句/ 疑问句练习：分析下列句子成分1. Our school is far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.6. Trees turn green when spring comes.7. They pushed the door open. 8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 9.He wrote some letters to his friends. 10. We need a place twice larger than this one.11. He asked us to sing an English song. 12. We will make our school more beautiful.13. She showed us many of her pictures.14. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．15. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 16. Would you please pass me the cup?17 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 18. Do you know the latest news about him?19. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）你应当努力学习。
句子成分及简单句的6个基本句型(学案)
练习：请找出下列句子的表语。
1. The leaves turn yellow in fall.
2. He has become a police officer.
3. My wallet is on the desk.
4. My suggestion is to leave at once.
4. He enjoys the exercise，swimming in winter．
5. You have yet to answer my question whether you can lend me your bike．
小结：同位语可以是单词、___________或___________等。
3. Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper.
4. Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life.
5. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher .
句型1：___________________
翻译下列句子并划出句子主要成分
1.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
2.1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。(the May Fourth Movemen)t
3.五年前我住在北京。
二、观察下列句子，划分句子主要成分并判断属于哪种句型。
1. Mr.Wang’s classes are lively.
系动词有三类：
1.表示特征和存在状态：be, seem, appear, feel ,look, smell, sound, taste
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习❖简单句的五个基本句型❖主语＋不及物动词She came．.❖主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.❖主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．❖主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.❖主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖主谓宾❖名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.❖相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语❖2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：❖主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
❖1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)❖2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)❖3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)❖4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
高中英语语法句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)课件(共22张PPT)
5种基本句型
主+谓 主+谓+直宾 主+谓+间宾+直宾 主+谓+直宾+宾补 主+谓（系）+表
1. Her love died. 2. She loved me. 3. She gave me a kiss. 4. She made me happy. 5. She is lovable.
动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语 和定语填补动词的语义空缺。
谓语 –说明主语的动作、状态和特征
✓ 必不可少； ✓ 决定句子结构； ✓ 谓语的形式结构-动词
– We study English. – He likes playing the games.
宾语 –动作的承受者
动宾 i like china. （名词） he hates you. （代词） how many do you need? we need two. （数词） we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy wor with you. （动名词） i hope to see you again. （不定式） did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 are you afraid of the snake? 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） he gave me a book yesterday. give the poor man some money.
补语 – 补充说明名词的成分，通常出现在主语或宾语后边。
✓ 宾语补足语. ✓ 主语补足语（表语）； ✓ 补足语的形式结构：
英语句子结构和成分分析提高版(优质学案)
遂宁市安居育才中学高一英语学习资料-----英语句子成分/句型英语句子结构和成分分析英语属于结构性语言。
英语的句子成分要按照特定的顺序（句子结构）来组织。
特定的句子成分要用特定的词性或语法结构来充当，特定的词性或语法结构只能充当特定的成分。
因此，要学好英语，一定要掌握好词性、句子成分和句子结构等内容。
学好这些内容是学习好其他语法知识的基础。
第1讲相关概念考点1.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。
)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
A.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。
如：The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>B.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。
如：The man walked away. (walk不及物动词，意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词，“遛”)C.英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。
He listens to the music every day. (listen为不及物动词，而汉语中“听”是及物动词。
)D.有些动词只能作及物动词，就必须带宾语。
I don’t know what to do.I don’t know why/how/when to do.第一个句子是正确的，what是do的宾语。
第二个句子需要在do后加it.E.think, insist, agree, reply等词，后面可直接跟宾语从句，但跟名词代词等作宾语时，是不及物动词，要跟介词。
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句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.He is asleep.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-fou r! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见系词: be, sound（听）, look（看）, feel(摸)，smell（闻）, taste（吃）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in. ( 副词)Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词She came．/ My head aches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.（There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）Exercises分析下列句子成分1.Our schoo l is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.6.He made it clear that he would leave the city．7.---I love you more than her，child ．8.Tees turn green when spring comes.9.They pushed the door open.10.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.11.He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12.All the students think highly of his teaching13. We need a place twice larger than this one.14. He asked us to sing an English song.15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．18. She showed us her many of her pictures.19. The old man lives a lonely life.20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. Go back where you came from.25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.26. At last he got home, tired and hungry.27. Would you please pass me the cup?28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher.29. Do you know the latest news about him?30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）1你应当努力学习。
2她昨天回家很晚。
3那天早上我们谈了很多。
4会议将持续两个小时。