初中语法主谓一致讲解
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“主谓一致”专项语法内容归纳如下:
l、表示时间、距离、重量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语表示整体概念时,其谓语动词常用单数形式。如:Two months is quite a long time. 两个月是相当长的一段时间。2、以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如news,maths,physics, works (工厂)等。Maths is very popular in our class. 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
主语是以-ics 结尾的学科名词以及等都属形式复数,而意义单数的名词,其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视具体情况而定。
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注:学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时,谓语常用复数。
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3、family,class,team,group,crowd, committee等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;若指具体成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。试比较:My family is a very big one,with ten people in it. 我家是一个大家庭,有十口人My family all like watching TV.我们全家人都喜欢看电视。
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4、people, police等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如: People here are very friendly. 这儿的人们很友好。The police are having a meeting.警察们正在开会。youth作“青年们”解作主语时,谓语用复数。
T h e y o u t h o f C h i n a t o d a y a r e d o i n g t h e i r b e s t t o s t u d y m o d e r n s c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y.
5、单数名词后跟with,along with(与……一道), together with, as well as(和;也), rather than(而不), but, except,not, like, besides, including 等引起的短语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:My father together with his friends is going to visit the Great Wall.我父亲将和他的朋友们一起去参观长城。H e a s w e l l a s h i s s i s t e r i s a L e a g u e m e m b e r.
6、由either,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等词连接并列主语时,谓语动词常和最接近的主语一致。如:Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Shanghai before. 你和李华以前都没去过上海。Is he or you wrong? 他错了还是你错了? Either you or he has to go there with me.
7、非谓语动词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:Is watching too much TV good or bad for your health? 看太多的电视对你的身体有益还是有害? What you said is wrong. 你所说的是错的。
8、以there,here, where开头的句子,若主语不只一个,其谓语动词通常和邻近的那个主语一致。如:There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一枝钢笔和一些书。Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
9、当kind of, pair of, glass of等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时,谓语动词应与kind,pair,glass等形式一致。如This pair of shoes is dirty.这双鞋脏了。There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌子上有两杯水。
10、由“a lot of (lots of) /plenty of /a number of +名词”或“分数+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据名词的单复数而定。如:A lot of people have been to London.许多人去过伦敦。Three-fifths of the water is dirty. 五分之三的水是脏的。注:“the number of十复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:The number of the students in our school is over two thousand. 我们学校的学生数超过两千11、代词something,anything,nothing,everyone,anybody,nobody,each,neither,either,little,much,one等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Neither of us is a boy.我们俩都不是男孩。Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们当中每人都有一本词典。One of the students was late for school.
12、all,some,none,most,any等代词作主语时,若指复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式;若指单数概念,则谓语动词用单数形式。如:Not all work is difficult. 不是所有的工作都难。Not all the students are here. 不是所有的学生都在这儿。13、当and连接的两个主语被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:Every teacher and every student needs dictionaries. 每个老师和每个学生都需要词典。
14、当主语是同位语时,谓语动词要根据同位语的单复数来确定,区分主语和同位语的方法是,用逗号连接的就是同位语,用连词and连接的就是主语。如:Susan, Mr Mott‟s wife, is a scientist. 苏姗,也就是默特先生的妻子是一位科学家。
15、有些形容词前面加上定冠词the, 如the poor, the old, the young, the rich, the dying等用来表示一类人时,主语用复数,谓语动词也用复数。如:The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.穷人过得很快乐,有钱人却过得不快乐。
16.由many a 或more than + 单数名词作主语时,其谓语用单数形式。M a n y a f o r e i g n e r h a s b e e n t o t h e G r e a t W a l l.M o r e t h a n o n e s t u d e n t h a s v i s i t e d
t h e e x h i b i t i o n.17.“……的几分之几”和“……的百分之几” 作主语时,其谓语用单数或复数取决于of 后的名词。T h r e e-f o u r t h s o f t h e s u r f a c e o f t h e e a r t h i s s e a.
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19.并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数,这时and 后面的名词前没有冠词。
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20.成对的名词,如bread and butter涂黄油的面包,soda and water汽水,coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡,aim and end目的,salt and water盐开水等,虽然有and 连接,但仍表单一概念,作主语时,谓语用单数。A k n i f e a n d f o r k i s o n t h e t a b l e. 21.由and 连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each, every或no修饰时,其谓语用单数形式。
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22.在定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that, which,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
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23.主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数名词,谓语一般用单数形式。T h e U n i t e d S t a t e s i s a d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r y.
24.“one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”之前有the only, the very, the等限定词和修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。