宾语从句

宾语从句

一、宾语从句的概念：

宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，在句中可以作谓语动词、介词、某些形容词及过去分词的宾语。

E.g: I don’t know what he said.

That depends on where we go.

I am not sure where he lives.

I am surprised that he passed the exam.

二、句子结构：

主句+连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句

三、引导词

1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如: Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.

注意：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。

（1）and或but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，可以省略第一个连词that，放在and或者but 的后面的that不能省略。

Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.

大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

（2）that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。

I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.

对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

（3）主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。

We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.

鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。

（4）当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it +宾补+that-clause, that不可省略

I think it certain that she will do well in her exam.

2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如:

David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.

I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。

I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。

注意:whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。

①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether.

e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.

②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。

e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）

③宾语从句中有or not时,只用whether不用if.

e.g. I don’t know whether the report is true or not.

④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 也可与不定式连用。

e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time.

They don’t know whether to go there.

3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。例如:

Do you know what we can do on the island?

I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.

注意:如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，

连词用that

She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk .

He said (that) he was going to take care of the child .

He asks if I like playing the piano .

You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station .

用适当的连词填空。

1. I’m glad _____ you’re ready to help others.

2. I’m worried about ______ she can come here on time.

3. I don’t know _____ to go.

4. I don’t know ______ one I should buy.

5. I want to know ______ dictionary this is.

6. Could you tell me _______ you are from?

7. Could you tell me _____ he wants to go to China?

8. I don’t know _______ has happened to you.

四、语序

宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如:

When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left.

Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?

五、时态的呼应

1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如:

I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.)

2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如:

He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。

3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如:

Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

1.The radio says it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be)

2. The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go)

3. Tom says that they ____________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.

4. I hear they __________ (return) it already.

5. He said that they _________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)

6. He asked what they __________ at eight last night. (do)

7. The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. (travel)

8. I think you __________ about the relay race now. (talk)

9. I didn’t know whom the letters _________ from. (be)