高中化学各类有机物之间的相互转化关系
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各类有机物之间的相互转化关系
高聚酯
(40)人
CH3
CH2—CH
(6) (3) CH2 CH2 (34).CH2°^(36\CH°(37).C°°H CH2°H (38)CH° C°°H
Br Br
CaC2 (35)
(10)
⑺
(39)
六元环状酯
CH2---- C H2 CH「CH
z^ (1)
/汀
/
T
(9) (20) CH2—CH —
CH3—CH3 w ⑵
(8)
2 Cl
Ag CH
—n Cl
Cu2°
(ii)
(12)
(13)
(26)
_ (23
). Z(24)
CH3 CH2—Br < »CH3—CH2—°H « " CH3CHO CH3C°°H
(27) I
(22)
(21)
(19)
CH3CH2°CH2CH3CH3CH2°Na
(30)
(28) (29)
CH
(14)
C°°H
°H
(16)
(17)
N°2 (18)
N°2
Br
°H
Br
N°2
°Na
(31)
CH3C°°CH2CH3^CH s C°°Na
光昭
CH3CH3+Br2 光昭.CH3CH2Br+HBr
CH2 = CH2+H2 催化剂
△-CH3CH3
(14)
CH3
O2N 浓H 2SO4
+ 3HO —NO2——A -
CH3
I NO2
Il +3H2O
CH2 = CH2+Br2 ” CH2BrCH2Br
CH2 = CH2+HBr 尸CH3CH2Br CH2 = CH2+H2O 浓H2S°4- CH3CH2OH
催化剂.
n CH2= CH2 -^CH2—CH2十
催化剂
CH三CH+H2 催化- CH2 = CH2
CH 三CH+HCl 催化剂■ CH2 = CHCl n CH2=CH
Cl (15)
CH3
I 酸性KMnO 4
COOH
I I 或酸性K2Cr2o7 I I
(16)
OH+NaOH
OH+Na2CO3
ONa+HCI
催化剂-一CH2—CH
_n
Cl
ONa +CO2+H2O CaC2+2H2O » CH三CH f +Ca(OH)2
+ Br2 催化剂*
A HBr
(18)
+ HO —
NO2
I I+3H2 浓H2SO4
Br +
+ H2O
催化剂》
△
ONa+H2 f
2 -OH+2Na ”2
”一ONa+H2。
—ONa+NaHCO3
OH+NaCl
”一OH+NaHCO3
J +3HBr
Br
(19) 2CH3CH2OH+2Na -
2CH3CH2ONa+H2 f
浓H2SO4 人
(20) CH3CH2OH 仃00C a CH2 = CH2 f +H2O
浓H2SO4
(21) C2H5—OH+HO —C2H5 1400C C2H5—O —C2H5+H2O
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11) (⑵(13)
高中化学各类有机物之间的相互转化关系
(22) CH3CH2OH+HBr △- CH3CH2Br+H2O
(23) 2CH3CH2OH+O2 催化剂-2CH3CHO+2H2O
CH3CH2OH+CUO △- CH3CHO+CU+H 20
水
(32) CH3CH2Br+NaOH 水一CH3CH2OH+NaBr
(33) CH3CH2Br+NaOH CH2f +NaBr+H2O
(24)2CH3CHO+O2 催化剂
△
-2CH3COOH
(25 )CH3CHO+2Ag(NH 3)2OH △〜CH3COONH4+2Ag +3NH3+H2O
(26)CH3CHO+2Cu(OH) 2 厶CH3COOH+CU2O J +2H2O
(27)CH3CHO+H2 催化剂 1 CH3CH2OH
(28)浓H2SO4
CH3COOH+HOC2H5 —△CH3COOC2H5+H2O
(29)CH3COOC2H5+H2O FHf04- CH3COOH+C2H5OH
(30) 2CH3COOH+2Na ■ 2CH3COONa+H 2 f
2CH3COOH+Na2O " 2CH s COONa+H2O
CH s COOH+NaOH CH s COONa+H z O
2CH3COOH+Na2CO3 - 2CH s COONa+H2O+CO2 f
CH s COOH+NaHCO 3 ” CH3COONa+H2O+CO2 f (31) CH3COOC2H5+NaOH △” CH3COONa+C2H5OH
CH2Br
(34) CH2Br+ 2N a0H
水-C
H2OH
△CH2OH
+2NaBr
(35)
(36)
CH2BrCH2Br+2NaOH
CH2OH+O2催化剂
CH2OH 2△
乙醇
肿CH 三CH f +2NaBr+2H 2O
CHO
CHO+2H2°
(37) C HO+O2 催化剂■ C OOH 丿
CHO
2△
COOH
(39)
(40)
(38)
CHO
I
CHO
+2H2
CH2OH
I
CH2OH
COOH CH20H 浓H2SO4
COOH +CH2OH △ *
COOH CH2OH 浓H2SO4
门COOH + n CH2OH △“
O
2
2
H
H
c c
c
c
o
+2出0
O- H +(2n- 1)H2O