北京大学出版社《跨文化交际》unit 5-6 Nonverbal_Communication
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跨文化交际英文版5 Nonverbal Communication (I)讲课稿
The thumbs-up
Britain: _____ & _____ Sardinia: _____ Greece: _____
Beckoning
America: _____ Malaysia: _____ Yugoslavia: _____ Indonesia: _____ Australia: _____ China: _____
interested Do not believe
Turn toward the person you are talking to.
Roll your eyes and turn your head away.
I. Understanding Nonverbal Communication
NVC involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his / her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver. (Samovar, 2000: 149)
“Something is a bit suspicious / odd here.”
Italy--- to say “Hello.” Indonesians, Malaysians, and some speakers of Arabic---it signals “Come here.”
“Oh, I forgot.” or an expression of surprise.
北京大学出版社《跨文化交际》unit 5-6 Nonverbal_Communication
“Something is a bit suspicious / odd here.”
“Come here.”
Number 9 is widely used in the US to mean “Great, perfect, acceptable, O. K.” But is Belgium and France, it means “zero”; in Turkey, Brazil, Greece, and Malta, it has an obscene meaning; and in Tunisia, it is used as a threat.
Study Areas
Time language Space language Body language Paralanguage
Characteristics
The characteristics of nonverbal communication
omnipresent shared
Some signals are common
Fiddling with pencil / glasses Hold over mouth Wriggling in the chair, looking at
your watch
Text B: Making a Gesture
Do you know what the following gestures means?
volume speed
silence pause
Gesture; posture; stance Appearance
Time Orientation
Consider the past and you will know the present.
《跨文化交际》课程教学大纲
《跨文化交际》课程教学大纲第一部分课程教学基本要求一、课程性质与地位本课程为中央广播电视大学英语本科必修课。
英语本科课程是按主题编排的课程，总课程分两个模块：英语语言交际模块和专业倾向模块。
《跨文化交际》是属于语言交际模块八个主题中的一个。
二、教学目的与要求本课程教学的侧重点是增强学生对跨文化交际中文化差异的敏感性，帮助学员解决在跨文化交际中因文化的差异而产生的种种问题。
通过典型实例分析，模拟交流练习、交际失误分析、英汉双向练习等多种形式，使学生认识语言、文化和交际三者之间的关系，加深对对象国文化的了解，掌握在处理跨文化交际中一些微妙问题时所需要的基本知识和技巧，提高跨文化交流的质量。
第二部分教学内容及教学要求第一单元: Language and Culture in Communication语言、文化与交际（建议学时11）一、教学目的通过对本单元的学习，要求学生了解决定交际质量的基本要素，认识交际双方在交际过程中的交互作用，把握交际场合的定义、程式和价值观等。
二、教学内容与要求Activity 1 Basics of Communication了解交际的基本要素、交际五种的类型。
Activity 2 Models of Communication了解单一语言文化交际、单边语言跨文化交际、双边语言跨文化交际的模式。
Activity 3 Meanings in Communication重点了解交际中的各种意思：文字的意思、说话者的意思、听话者的意思等；重点了解常规的含义、概念的含义、联想的含义等。
Activity 4 Communication in Social Situations了解社交场合的交际定义；了解构成社交场合的基本要素。
Activity 5 Effective Cross-cultural Communication了解如何成为一个成功的交际者。
第一单元是全书的总体介绍，重点掌握语言、文化与交际之间的关系；了解一些关于跨文化交际的术语、交际模式、交际的意义等知识，为后面几个单元的学习打好基础。
跨文化交际Unit 5
parents give financial support to their Children are expected to pay back the children attending university, they do money loaned by their parents for their not expect their children to pay back university education. the money. Dependence is the expressio of strong family bonds of affection. Fostering independence in children from an early age is the true expression of real family feeling.
munication between Men and Women
The differences do exist in the way males and females communicate, and the more significant differences are cultural. In other words, there are social expectations of how to be male or female. Women tend to speak and hear a language of connection and intimacy, whereas men speak and hear a language of status and independence. (Deborah Tannen, “You Just Don’t Understand”)
munication between Men and Women
The differences do exist in the way males and females communicate, and the more significant differences are cultural. In other words, there are social expectations of how to be male or female. Women tend to speak and hear a language of connection and intimacy, whereas men speak and hear a language of status and independence. (Deborah Tannen, “You Just Don’t Understand”)
跨文化交际(UNIT 5)
Supplement: Verbal Communication
Verbal Communication Styles (p179-183) : Direct / Indirect Self-enhancement / Self-effacement Elaborate / Exacting / Succinct Personal / Contextual Instrumental / Affective
Conversation is a rich point (a rich point is something in one culture that makes it difficult to be connected with another culture). It isn’t any particular word or grammatical construction that produces the rich point; it is something about the way things are going, something about people’s ideas about how to do a conversation. To handle the rich points, old unconscious ways of doing things are dusted off, new ways are built up. To converse in the new ways, you have to experience culture and manufacture some frames. If you don’t figure out the frames, you might speak grammatically correct English, but what you communicate will differ from what you intended.
跨文化交际unit6 verbal communication-精品课件
❖ Language: a system of arbitrarily chosen, conventionalized, vocal, graphic or gesture symbols serving the needs of communication among the members of a given community.
❖ 2) connotation: refers to the emotional or stylistic associations that a word or phrase suggests in one’s mind. It is the implicit, supplementary value which is added to the purely denotative meaning of a word or phrase.
❖
15、一年之计，莫如树谷；十年之计 ，莫如 树木； 终身之 计，莫 如树人 。2021年6月2021/6/292021/6/292021/6/296/29/2021
❖
16、提出一个问题往往比解决一个更 重要。 因为解 决问题 也许仅 是一个 数学上 或实验 上的技 能而已 ，而提 出新的 问题， 却需要 有创造 性的想 像力， 而且标 志着科 学的真 正进步 。2021/6/292021/6/29J une 29, 2021
between Chinese and English verbal communication and learn to make crosscultural comparisons and analysis in the following aspects. ❖ 1. cultural differences in the attitude towards voiced and unvoiced communication. ❖ 2. cultural differences on the lexical level; ❖ 3. cultural differences on the syntactical level; ❖ 4. cultural differences on discourse level; ❖ 5. cultural differences on the pragmatic level ❖ 6. translation problems and language understanding
跨文化交际实用教程unit-5
Space language / proxemics
Body distance, body touch
Time language / chronemics
Puctuality, promptness, time orientation, long or short, etc.
Paralanguage (voice modulation)
Body distance
• Four major types of distances in American
social and business circumstances (Edward Hall,1959)
• Cultural variation of body distance
Body touch
People express their appreciation “well done” with a clap or apology “I’m sorry” with a serious look.
In a Chinese classroom, if the teacher notices a student’s attention begins to wander, he usually would give him / her a glance or a stare without interrupting the lecture.
4
Functions of nonverbal communication
Nonverbal communication can serve a variety of purposes for the verbal messages, such as:
Body distance, body touch
Time language / chronemics
Puctuality, promptness, time orientation, long or short, etc.
Paralanguage (voice modulation)
Body distance
• Four major types of distances in American
social and business circumstances (Edward Hall,1959)
• Cultural variation of body distance
Body touch
People express their appreciation “well done” with a clap or apology “I’m sorry” with a serious look.
In a Chinese classroom, if the teacher notices a student’s attention begins to wander, he usually would give him / her a glance or a stare without interrupting the lecture.
4
Functions of nonverbal communication
Nonverbal communication can serve a variety of purposes for the verbal messages, such as:
跨文化交际Unit 5 Nonverbal Communication
Dress Language
金日成曾经说过，“裤子是男人穿的”。 所以在朝鲜，无论春夏秋冬，朝鲜妇女都 会响应领袖号召，坚决只穿裙子，不穿裤 子。 2009年，朝鲜劳动党机关报《劳动新闻》在 题为《穿着应方便且好看》的报道中，建 议女性们穿“端正的裤子”，并一条一条 列举了“可以穿的裤子”和“不该穿的裤 子”。 朝鲜女性俗称男人为“裤子”。 （天涯社 区，2011-10）
Pun some cultures it’s assumed that a busy, important person should come late. Is it so in China? How is your understanding of “不见不 散”?
Time Orientations
Time Orientations
What do you think of careful planning for business conferences, personal interviews, and group meetings? What’s your opinion of some cultures’ seeming lack of planning? What do you usually plan carefully in advance?
Consider commitments an objective Change plans often
More concerned with people
Space and Distance
Qiu had lived in the U.S. for 10 years before she came back to work in China. One day, she was waiting in a queue to withdraw money from an ATM. She consciously kept a certain distance between her and the man before her. However, the old man standing behind her consistently asked her to move forward and didn’t like to have much space left between any two customers waiting to use ATM.
大学英语跨文化交际U5课文翻译、词汇、习语整理
Unit 5Nonverbal communication课前谚语+名言：1、I’s not what he said, but the way he said it.——English saying2、There is a language in her eyes, her cheeks, her lips.——William Shakespeare案例一：个人空间马克最近从丹麦搬到了悉尼，在一家澳大利亚公司当销售员。
他被邀请加入当地的一个俱乐部。
有一天在一个晚会上，一个女成员走近他，马克立即通过谈论展现出了他的兴趣。
起初聊天进行的很顺利，但随着谈话的进行，马克逐渐的向她靠近，而那位女士似乎离他越来越远，并显得很不自在。
当马克正要问她有关于澳大利亚习俗的问题时，站在旁边的一个男士往这边瞟了一眼，她找了个借口离开，去和那个男人说话。
留下马克傻傻的站在那里，他不知道为什么他们的交谈如此突然地停止了。
Question：Why did that women suddenly stop talking with mark and turned to another man?注释：这是一个对身体距离理解不同造成的误会。
在丹麦，正式场合中，个人空间大概在20厘米-30厘米之间。
而在澳大利亚，这样的场合需要40厘米-50厘米的身体距离。
所以丹麦人习惯近距离交谈，澳大利亚人习惯远距离交谈。
在这个情况下，马克尝试去建立自己正常的个人亲密空间，侵犯了澳大利亚女士的空间，正因如此，她感到了某种威胁，失去了舒适感。
就在那时，身旁的男人给了她一个离开的机会。
如果马克对于澳大利亚人所期待的个人空间有所了解的话，或许这个谈话会有所不同。
案例二：使用当地语言的问题。
弗兰克为了做研究的目的从澳大利亚来到中国，为此，他在大学里刻苦学习中文，并且能用中文很方便的和人交流。
而当他到达北京以后，他开始和当地人交谈，询问方向和建议。
尽管他几乎都是用中文和他们交流，但是他发现周围的人有时候会笑着用英语回答他，尽管他们对英语知之甚少。
跨文化交际英文版6-Nonverbal-Communication-(II)
Short Distance MediumDistance Long Distance
Latins
Americans
Japanese
Mediterranean Arabs
Northern Europeans
Mediterranean Europeans
12
Culture & Space
Japanese
3
Case study 6.1
The first time I came to the United States I stayed for over two years without returning home. My first trip home was really hard because I had forgotten a lot of my native language and I spent most of my time translating everything in my head first before I could express it in proper French. I also had a lot of problems readapting to French society and the way of doing things.
Intimate distance Personal distance Social distance Public distance
9
Zones of Space
Intimate distance 0-45 centimeters
Personal distance 45-80 centimeters
Unit 6
Nonverbal Communication (II) — SPACE & TIME
Latins
Americans
Japanese
Mediterranean Arabs
Northern Europeans
Mediterranean Europeans
12
Culture & Space
Japanese
3
Case study 6.1
The first time I came to the United States I stayed for over two years without returning home. My first trip home was really hard because I had forgotten a lot of my native language and I spent most of my time translating everything in my head first before I could express it in proper French. I also had a lot of problems readapting to French society and the way of doing things.
Intimate distance Personal distance Social distance Public distance
9
Zones of Space
Intimate distance 0-45 centimeters
Personal distance 45-80 centimeters
Unit 6
Nonverbal Communication (II) — SPACE & TIME
跨文化交际--Unit-5-verbal-communication
Idioms习惯用语
• It’s raining cats and dogs. - It’s raining heavily.
• put one’s foot in one’s mouth - someone blunders by saying something he should not have.
的
– never-ending: everlasting 不停的
Synonyms
• 区分下列同义词：
同义词
– job
– vocation: job的正式用语
– profession: 脑力劳动者的职业
– field: 广义的职业“领域”
– occupation: 与vocation意思相近
– specialization: 具体的一个专长
UNIT 5
Verbal Communication
在全球化时代，要达到更高的成功几率，须努 力成为具有全球视野的国际化人才。学好至少一 门外语是必要的，但国际化人才最基本的素质是 跨文化沟通能力。 这是一种能够超越本族文化， 跨越不同文化鸿沟，穿透不同文化壁垒，在多元 文化的环境中游刃有余的能力。因此，你的外语 语言能力必须建立在理解不同文化的价值观体系 和行为规范模式之上， 其最终表现是能够适应、 掌控和化解多元文化环境中的矛盾和冲突。
• keep one’s hand in: • do activity in order to remain skilled at
it. • within arm’s reach; • sth.which you can reach easily. • ask for a woman’s hand; • to propose marriage. • put one’s finger on sth.: • to identify an error, or cause of a
跨文化交际UNIT-5
Supplement: Verbal Communication
▪ In verbal communication, LC interaction emphasizes direct talk, person-oriented focus, self-enhancement mode, and the importance of “talk”. HC interaction, in comparison, stresses indirect talk, status-oriented focus, self-effacement mode, and the importance of nonverbal signals and even silence.
Supplement: Verbal Communication
Verbal communication happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other by using language.
2. Self-Enhancement and Self-Effacement Verbal Styles
Compare the following ways to serve tea: ▪ Japanese: This is not very delicious, but … ▪ American: This is the best I can offer.
Supplement: Verbal Communication
5. Instrumental and Affective Style ▪ An instrumental verbal style is sender-based and
《跨文化交际学》第5章
《跨文化交际学》第5章第5章第2节主要介绍跨文化交际中的语言和非语言交际，探讨了语言和非语言的定义、特点以及在跨文化交际中的重要性。
本节内容共涉及四个方面：语言交际的定义和特点、语言交际的跨文化差异、非语言交际的定义和特点以及非语言交际的跨文化差异。
第一部分，语言交际的定义和特点。
语言交际是指通过语言进行的交际活动，是人类沟通交流的基础工具之一、语言交际具有以下特点：可见性、有规则性、可用性、可学性等。
语言交际的可见性指的是语言交际是通过听觉、视觉等感觉器官进行的，可被感知和观察；有规则性指的是语言交际具有一定的语法、词汇和语用规则，遵循这些规则能够让交际双方能更好地理解和表达信息；可用性指的是语言是一种功能强大、广泛使用的交际工具，能够满足各种不同的交际需求；可学性指的是语言是可学习和教授的，人们可以通过学习和练习来提高自己的语言交际能力。
第二部分，语言交际的跨文化差异。
语言交际在不同的文化背景下存在一定的差异，主要表现在词汇、语法、语用等方面。
在词汇方面，不同语言中的词汇系统存在差异，有些概念在其中一种语言中有对应的词汇，而在另一种语言中可能没有直接的对应词汇；在语法方面，不同语言中的语序、时态、语态等语法规则可能不同，造成了对于同样一个事件或对象的描述方式不同；在语用方面，不同语言存在不同的语用习惯和规则，如面子文化、礼貌用语、直接与间接表达等。
第三部分，非语言交际的定义和特点。
非语言交际是指通过非语言方式进行的交际活动，包括身体语言、面部表情、手势、眼神交流等。
非语言交际具有以下特点：全球性、情境性、复合性和强调非语言信息等。
非语言交际具有全球性的特点，即不同文化和语言背景下，人们普遍都会使用非语言交际来进行表达和交流；非语言交际还具有情境性的特点，即非语言交际的意义和效果会受到交际场景、双方关系、文化背景等因素的影响；此外，非语言交际还是复合性的，即不同的非语言符号可以组合使用，形成更加丰富和准确的交际信息；最后，非语言交际强调非语言信息的重要性，非语言信息可以传递更多的细节、情感和意义，有助于准确理解交际双方的意图和感受。
跨文化交际实用教程胡超编著Unit_5
I feel embarrassed.
We share a secret.
Everything is fine.
I cannot believe this
nonsense. Oops, I forgot it.
True or False
Verbal language could always be hat one thinks.
It is rude pointing to someone with the index finger in most cultures.
Crossed arms signal a friendly position. When riding alone in a taxi in Australia, it is considered polite to sit in the front seat with the driver. In many parts of the Middle East and Asia the left hand is considered unclean and it is rude to eat, greet and touch others with this hand.
No. Come here. I’m full. It’s smelly here.
I don’t know.
Go away.
Act out the following ideas:
I can’t hear it.
I am surprised.
I’m warning you.
Unit 5
Nonverbal Communication
Objectives
We share a secret.
Everything is fine.
I cannot believe this
nonsense. Oops, I forgot it.
True or False
Verbal language could always be hat one thinks.
It is rude pointing to someone with the index finger in most cultures.
Crossed arms signal a friendly position. When riding alone in a taxi in Australia, it is considered polite to sit in the front seat with the driver. In many parts of the Middle East and Asia the left hand is considered unclean and it is rude to eat, greet and touch others with this hand.
No. Come here. I’m full. It’s smelly here.
I don’t know.
Go away.
Act out the following ideas:
I can’t hear it.
I am surprised.
I’m warning you.
Unit 5
Nonverbal Communication
Objectives
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Number 10 is used in Italy to say “Hello.” For Indonesians, Malaysians, and some speakers of Arabic, it signals “Come here.”
Number 11 means “Oh, I forgot.” or an expression of surprise.
The gesture in Number 12 means “Slow down, relax or wait a second.”
Ring gesture
Britain: something is good France: zero or worthless Tunisia: I’ll kiss you America: something is good Latin America: insult
Text A Nonverbal Communication
Main means of communication : oral communication and written
communication.
Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal codes refer to communicative messages which are not in word form.
Substitution
3. A group of people is boisterous, you might place your index finger to your lips to send the message: “please calm down so that I can speak.”
Some signals are common
Fiddling with pencil / glasses Hold over mouth Wriggling in the chair, looking at
your watch
Text B: Making a Gesture
Do you know what the following gestures means?
Nonverbal Communication
Objects: To understand what nonverbal communication is and what function it serves To learn cultural rules governing posture, gesture, eye contact, facial expressions, body touch and smell.
Speech is silver; silence is gold.
Why is nonverbal communication important?
What’s wrong with this poster?
It was this poster that made the film banned in Thailand. Why?
Nonverbal communication is the communication using our bodies, gestures and tones of voice—everything except the actual words we use.
Nonverbal communication is the communication without words.
Thumbs-up sign
Britain: something is good Sardinia: insult Greece: insult
Beckoning
Lower-lid of your eye
Indicate alertness
V-sign
What can we learn from this sign? How about a “V” with the back towards
volume speed
silence pause
Gesture; posture; stance Appearance
Time Orientation
Consider the past and you will know the present.
--Chinese saying
Time Orientation
Number 2 is normally used when talking privately about a third person, meaning that person is crazy, often in a joking way.
Number 3 indicates “I have no idea.” / “I don’t know.”
contradiction
4. Just before an important examination, you tell someone you are relaxed and at ease, yet your voice quavers and your hands shake.
5. The pause in a conversation may indicate a turn-taking.
“Something is a bit suspicious / odd here.”
“Come here.”
Number 9 is widely used in the US to mean “Great, perfect, acceptable, O. K.” But is Belgium and France, it means “zero”; in Turkey, Brazil, Greece, and Malta, it has an obscene meaning; and in Tunisia, it is used as a threat.
The gesture in Picture 4 means that “I can’t / didn’t hear you.”
Number 5 means “That’s enough. It’s all over for me.”
In Picture 6 the “thumbs down” sign indicates “rejection” or “refusal”, “defeat” or “no good” or “bad news” to Americans.
Study Areas
Time language Space language Body language Paralanguage
Characteristics
The characteristics of nonverbal communication
omnipresent shared
More than 55% messages are communicated nonverbally!
Average European
Body language / NVC signals
Body and facial gestures Eye contact Body contact or “ proximity” Clothing and physical appearance The quality of speech
the audience?
Teaching Contents
Nonverbal Communication (NVC) The Underestimated Status of NVC Four Study Areas of NVC
On NVC
Definition and study area Characteristics of NVC Functions of NVC
Act out the following ideas:
Me? Stop. No. Come here. I’m full. It’s smelly here. I don’t know. Go away.
I can’t hear it. I am surprised. We share a secret. Everything is fine. I’m warning you. I feel embarrassed. I cannot believe this nonsense. Oops, I forgot it.
learned
Functions
Do you sometimes wave your hand when saying good-bye to somebody?
How do you greet a guest when he/she is introduced to you at a formal occasion?
Read the following situations and try to figure out some basic functions of nonverbal communication.
1. When we say "The new museum is south of that building", we usually point in a certain direction.
Number 1 is used together with the verbal message “Let’s keep our fingers crossed” in the United States, England, and Sweden to mean that the person is hoping for good luck. But in Greece and Turkey it means the breaking of a friendship, and in parts of Italy it means “O.K.”.