高考英语语法知识点归纳总结：动词的时态和语态

过去完成时
将来完成时 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
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had done
will/shall have done
has/have been doing had been doing will/shall do
is/am/are going to do is/am/are（ about） to do
说明： didn ’t know强调见面前不知道
I read the novel last month. ( 只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在
I have read that book. 我读过那本书了。（知道那本书的内容
— Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
— I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
现在进行时
is/am/are doing
He is working as a teacher tomorrow. 从明天起他要做老师。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。
The Changjiang River is flowing into the east. 长江江水滚滚向东流。
一般过去时与过去进行时的比较
进去的一刹那发生的情况（没有人注意）。
过去进行时表示某个时 候或某段时间正在进行 的动作
.He ______ a book about China last year, but I don
The sun is rising in the east. 太阳从东方冉冉升起。 1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作
（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）
过去进行时
was/were doing
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行
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六、动词的时态和语态
1. 常用常考的动词时态和用法：（以 do 为例）
名称
构成
用法
1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、 科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。
2.主句是一般将来时 ,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在 时表示将来。
一般现在时
do/does,( 连系动词 is/am/are )
We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和
by
短
语， when,before 引起的时间状语连用。
We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term. 用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（还要继
续下 去）的动作。 He has been doing the maths problems since
8:00. 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个 过去时刻才完成，还将继续下去。
一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况 （详见下面 2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较）
1.相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状 态
He had shut the door before the dog came up. Everything had been all right up till this morning. 2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到 另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。
At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 3.常用 hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose 等动词的 过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。
They were still working when I left. 3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生
I was writing while he was watching TV. 4.表示过去将来动作
He said she was arriving the next day.
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话 时已
A. painted
B. had painted
C. have been painting
D. have painted
说明：强调动作从过去到现在的延续
I don ’ t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _____
A. just help out; comes
B. have just helped out;
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C. am just helping out; comes
D. will just help out; has
说明：指目前一段时间正在发生的动作 , until 引导的是时
动词需用一般现在时。
— Hey, look where you are going! — Oh, I ’ m terribly sorry. _______.
区别
例句
现在完成时强调过去动 作对现在产生的影响或 造成的结果
We haven ’ t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you sup
to her?
A. was happening B. happens
C. has happened D
说明：说话者强调 Jane 目前的状况 .
He told me he would go to Beijing. 他告诉我他将去北 京。
I was told that he was going to return home. 有人告诉我他准备回家。
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2. would do( 表示过去的习惯 )总是 ,总会 ,常常
He would sit silent for hours. 他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。
4.短暂动词（即瞬间动词）， join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out 等，在完成时态 中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 不能说：
He has joined the army for three years. 要翻译 “他已参军已经三年了。 ”可采用 ① “ago法 ”
Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here?
A. don ’ t know; were you
B. hadn ’ t known; are
C. haven ’ t known; are
D. didn ’ t know; have
would/should do was/were going to do was/were（ about） to do
— Where is Li Hua? － He has gone to the reading-room.
— She knows a lot about Shanghai. － She has been there.
A. I ’ m not noticing. B. I wasn ’ t notic. ing C. I haven ’ t noticedD. . I don ’ t notice. 说明：对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在
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一般过去时只表达过去 的动作或状态
Tom________ into the house when no one ___________. A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticed C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed 说明： slip 和 notice 为同时发生的动作， 因此 B、C 为错误选 指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了）， when no one was noti
Mr. Lee, who ________ as a carpenter for over 10 years, is
famous statesman in this country.
一般过去时与现在完成时的比较
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的 比较
现在进行时与过去进行时的比较
一般过去时只表达过去 的动作或状态
一般过去时
did,( 连系动词 was/were)
Here she comes.她来了。 表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过 去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。
1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。 She is leaving for Beijing. 她要去北京。
He joined the army three years ago. ② “延续法 ”
He has been in the army for three years. ③ “since法 ”
It is/has been three years since he joined the army. 1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
完成的动作。
现在完成时
has/have done
I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room. 2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往
和 “for... ”, “s表inc述e.的.. 一”段时间状语连用。
He has learned English for six years. They have worked here since they left college. 3.表示 “曾经到过某地 （人已回来） ”用 “ have/has been to ”， 表示 “到某地去了（还未回来） ”用 “have/has gone to。”
2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较
将来时 1 be + doing 进行时表将来
2 be about to + 动词原形
3
be to + 动词原形
4
一般现在时表将来
3.容易混淆的时态比较 项目
用法 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive 等词可用进行时表示按计 划即将发生的动作 表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作， 后面一般不跟时 间状语
着重表示动作的结果 时，用现在完成时
着重表示动作一直在进 行，即动作的延续性时， 则用现在完成进行时
现在进行时表示现在某 个时候或某段时间正在 进行的动作
过去进行时表示某个时 候或某段时间正在进行 的动作
A. has worked B. had worked
C. worked
D. works
(只说明他过去当过木匠不涉及到现在 )
表示按计划进行或征求对方意见
时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情， 示将来
可用一般现在时表
例句 He is moving to the south. Are they leaving for Europ I was about to leave when t The meeting is about to clo We’ re to meet at the sc noon. The meeting starts at five o The plane leaves at ten this
I ’ ll go there after I finish my work.
If it rains tomorrow,I won
’ t go there.
3.在以 here,there 开头的句子里， go,come 等少数动词的
一般在时表示正在发生的动作。
There goes the bell.铃响了。 There comes the bus.汽车来了。