超声波在高精度测距系统中的应用
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太原科技大学毕业设计（论文）
目 录
摘要......................................................................................................................................... Ⅰ Abstract....................................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章绪论......................................................................................................................................1 1.1 课题研究的意义.............................................................................................................1 1.2 超声波测距的应用及发展现状.....................................................................................1 1.2.1 1.2.2 超声波测距的应用....................................................................................... 1 超声波测距的发展概况............................................................................... 2
II
太原科技大学毕业设计（论文）
This article, first introduces the development and application of ultrasonic ranging, the basic working principle of ultrasonic sensors and ultrasonic ranging, the core technologies of ultrasonic ranging system and the methods of how to improve the ranging precision of ultrasonic distance measurement system. And then, through designing a small high-precision ultrasonic ranging system, this article discusses the structure and the working principle of ultrasonic ranging system in detail. This article also analyses the implementation of transmit-receive circuit, the characteristics of C8051F040 singlechip, and the singlechip's peripheral circuit and the development environment of such integrated circuit and its programme.
第 2 章 超声波测距的基本原理....................................................................................................4 2.1 超声波的基本特点.........................................................................................................4 2.2 超声波传感器.................................................................................................................5 2.2.1 超声波传感器的分类..................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 压电式超声波传感器工作原理..................................................................... 6 2.3 超声测距原理.................................................................................................................6 第 3 章 超声波高精度测距系统的关键技术方案........................................................................8 3.1 超声波测距的方法..........................................................................................................8 3.2 盲区处理..........................................................................................................................9 3.3 测量精度的问题......................................................................................................- 9 3.3.1 影响测量精度的因素............................................................................. - 9 3.3.2 提高测量精度的措施......................................................Biblioteka Baidu.................... - 11 第 4 章 超声波高精度测距系统设计..................................................................................- 12 4.1 超声波高精度测距系统总体组成.......................................................................- 12 4.2 超声波高精度测距系统的工作原理...................................................................- 12 4.3 超声波高精度系统各部分硬件组成...................................................................- 12 4.3.1 C8051F040 单片机特点及外围电路的设计........................................ - 12 4.3.2 超声波发射电路................................................................................... - 16 4.3.3 超声波接收电路................................................................................... - 17 4.4 超声波显示电路....................................................................................................- 19 4.5 超声波高精度测距系统的软件设计...................................................................- 20 4.5.1 系统软件设计原理............................................................................... - 20 I
关键词：超声波，单片机，高精度测距
Apply of The Ultrasonic Ranging in The High-precision Ranging
Abstract
Ultrasonic ranging is a kand of non-contact styled manner, compared with other methods(for instance electromagnetic or method of optics), it is not affected by light,color of the object, as to examining the thing is in dark, has dust , smog, interferes , poisonous etc. having certain adaptive capacity electromagnetically under the abominable environment.So,study the apply of the Ultrasonic Ranging in the High-precision Ranging has important reality meanings.
超声波在高精度测距系统中的应用
摘 要
超声波测距是一种非接触式的测量方式,与其它方法相比(如电磁的或光学的方法), 它不受光线、被测对象颜色的影响，对于被测物处于黑暗、有灰尘、烟雾、电磁干扰、有 毒等恶劣的环境下有一定的适应能力。因此，研究超声波在高精度测距系统中的应用具有 重要的现实意义。 在本文中，首先阐述了超声波测距的发展及应用，超声波传感器，超声波测距的基本 原理，超声波侧距系统的关键技术以及如何提高超声波测距的精度。然后设计一个小型的 超声波高精度测距系统，详细论述了超声波测距系统的整体结构设计和工作原理，超声波 发射与接收一体电路的实现，单片机 C8051F040 的特点以及单片机的外围电路和相应的集 成开发环境，以及相关程序的设计。
太原科技大学毕业设计（论文）
4.5.2 系统软件设计框图............................................................................... - 24 4.5.3 单片机的 C 程序设计............................................................................ - 26 总结........................................................................................................................................- 37 参考文献................................................................................................................................- 38 致谢........................................................................................................................................- 39 附录........................................................................................................................................- 40 -
目 录
摘要......................................................................................................................................... Ⅰ Abstract....................................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章绪论......................................................................................................................................1 1.1 课题研究的意义.............................................................................................................1 1.2 超声波测距的应用及发展现状.....................................................................................1 1.2.1 1.2.2 超声波测距的应用....................................................................................... 1 超声波测距的发展概况............................................................................... 2
II
太原科技大学毕业设计（论文）
This article, first introduces the development and application of ultrasonic ranging, the basic working principle of ultrasonic sensors and ultrasonic ranging, the core technologies of ultrasonic ranging system and the methods of how to improve the ranging precision of ultrasonic distance measurement system. And then, through designing a small high-precision ultrasonic ranging system, this article discusses the structure and the working principle of ultrasonic ranging system in detail. This article also analyses the implementation of transmit-receive circuit, the characteristics of C8051F040 singlechip, and the singlechip's peripheral circuit and the development environment of such integrated circuit and its programme.
第 2 章 超声波测距的基本原理....................................................................................................4 2.1 超声波的基本特点.........................................................................................................4 2.2 超声波传感器.................................................................................................................5 2.2.1 超声波传感器的分类..................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 压电式超声波传感器工作原理..................................................................... 6 2.3 超声测距原理.................................................................................................................6 第 3 章 超声波高精度测距系统的关键技术方案........................................................................8 3.1 超声波测距的方法..........................................................................................................8 3.2 盲区处理..........................................................................................................................9 3.3 测量精度的问题......................................................................................................- 9 3.3.1 影响测量精度的因素............................................................................. - 9 3.3.2 提高测量精度的措施......................................................Biblioteka Baidu.................... - 11 第 4 章 超声波高精度测距系统设计..................................................................................- 12 4.1 超声波高精度测距系统总体组成.......................................................................- 12 4.2 超声波高精度测距系统的工作原理...................................................................- 12 4.3 超声波高精度系统各部分硬件组成...................................................................- 12 4.3.1 C8051F040 单片机特点及外围电路的设计........................................ - 12 4.3.2 超声波发射电路................................................................................... - 16 4.3.3 超声波接收电路................................................................................... - 17 4.4 超声波显示电路....................................................................................................- 19 4.5 超声波高精度测距系统的软件设计...................................................................- 20 4.5.1 系统软件设计原理............................................................................... - 20 I
关键词：超声波，单片机，高精度测距
Apply of The Ultrasonic Ranging in The High-precision Ranging
Abstract
Ultrasonic ranging is a kand of non-contact styled manner, compared with other methods(for instance electromagnetic or method of optics), it is not affected by light,color of the object, as to examining the thing is in dark, has dust , smog, interferes , poisonous etc. having certain adaptive capacity electromagnetically under the abominable environment.So,study the apply of the Ultrasonic Ranging in the High-precision Ranging has important reality meanings.
超声波在高精度测距系统中的应用
摘 要
超声波测距是一种非接触式的测量方式,与其它方法相比(如电磁的或光学的方法), 它不受光线、被测对象颜色的影响，对于被测物处于黑暗、有灰尘、烟雾、电磁干扰、有 毒等恶劣的环境下有一定的适应能力。因此，研究超声波在高精度测距系统中的应用具有 重要的现实意义。 在本文中，首先阐述了超声波测距的发展及应用，超声波传感器，超声波测距的基本 原理，超声波侧距系统的关键技术以及如何提高超声波测距的精度。然后设计一个小型的 超声波高精度测距系统，详细论述了超声波测距系统的整体结构设计和工作原理，超声波 发射与接收一体电路的实现，单片机 C8051F040 的特点以及单片机的外围电路和相应的集 成开发环境，以及相关程序的设计。
太原科技大学毕业设计（论文）
4.5.2 系统软件设计框图............................................................................... - 24 4.5.3 单片机的 C 程序设计............................................................................ - 26 总结........................................................................................................................................- 37 参考文献................................................................................................................................- 38 致谢........................................................................................................................................- 39 附录........................................................................................................................................- 40 -