基于单片机.应急灯控制设计说明书

基于单片机的应急灯控制设计

目录

中文摘要 1

英文摘要 2

1 绪论 3

1.1 消防应急照明技术背景介绍 3

1.2 相关技术的发展现状及趋势 4

1.3 课题意义及其目的5

2 消防应急灯具工作原理 6

2.1 常用消防应急灯 6

2.2 自带电源型消防应急灯具工作原理8

2.3 消防应急灯具的国家标准9

2.4 本消防应急灯设计的总体结构 11

2.4.1 系统硬件设计11

2.4.2 应急灯单元 11

2.4.3 系统通信部分设计12

3 硬件电路分析13

3.1 电源模块13

3.1.1 主电电路14

3.1.2 Li电池模块15

3.2 单片机模块18

3.2.1 器件选型19

3.2.2 分析电路24

3.3 通信模块24

3.3.1 器件选型25

3.3.2 分析电路28

4 软件分析29

4.1 主控制器软件设计29

4.2 应急灯单元软件设计29

4.2.1电池检测软件流程图30

5 抗干扰措施32

5.1 抗干扰技术32

5.1.1 串模干扰及其抑制方法32

5.1.2 共模干扰及其抑制方法33

5.1.3 长线传输干扰及其抑制方法 34

5.2 抗干扰措施的设计34

结论35

谢辞36

参考文献37

基于单片机的应急灯控制器设计

摘要:本文设计了一种基于单片机的应急灯控制器。该设计以MCS-51单片机为核心,符合消防应急灯具国家标准GBl7945-2000。论文首先分析了消防应急疏

散照明的技术背景及目前的发展现状和未来的发展趋势,说明设计的意义及目标。接着介绍了常用消防应急灯的分类,着重说明了自带电源消防应急灯具的工作原理,提出了符合国家标准的总体结构框图。随后,合理的选择了主要器件,给出了三个关键模块的具体电路图,包括电源模块、单片机模块和通信模块,并分析其工作原理,实现了掉电检测与电源转换、电池状态检测、光源状态检测以及RS-485通信等功能。在软件设计方面,分析了控制器的工作逻辑,画出了系统主程序框图和电池开路、短路及正常状态分析流程图。最后讨论了串模干扰、共模干扰及长线传输干扰,并介绍隔离、屏蔽以及滤波的抗干扰措施。

关键词:单片机,应急灯,消防,RS-485通信

A Design of MCU-based Controller of Emergency Luminary

Abstract:This paper presents an emergency luminary controller based on single-chip microcomputer. The design uses the MCS-51 microcontroller as the core and meets the requirement of the national standards for fire emergency luminary GBl7945-2000. Firstly, the technical background, the current study and the development trend of the fire emergency evacuation lighting as well as the significance and the objectives of this design are expound. Then, the classification of the fire emergency luminary widely used and the principle of self-powered emergency luminary for fire fighting are highlighted. The overall structure diagram according to the national standard is also presented. Subsequently, after the key devices were reasonably chosen, the specific circuit diagram of three important modules including the power modules, the CPU module and the

photo-electrical isolated communication module are presented. The operation of every module is analyzed. The functions of power-down detection, power conversion, battery state detection, lighting LED state inspection and RS-485 communication are achieved. In the design of software, the work logic of the controller and the main block diagram of the system are introduced. The flowchart to analyze the three states of battery, open circuit, short circuit and the normal are drawn. Finally, the series mode interference, the common mode interference and the long-term transmission interference are discussed. Some anti-jamming measures, such as photo-electric isolation, shielding and filtering are described.

Keywords:Single-chip microcomputer,Emergency luminary,Fire fighting,RS-485 communication

1 绪论

1.1 消防应急照明技术背景介绍

所谓应急照明,是指在非正常状态下才使用的照明设施,包括:备用照明、疏散照明、安全照明。随着我国综合国力的不断增强,人民生活水平的日益提高,公众聚集场所越来越多,公众聚集场所火灾事故也日趋频繁,特别是群死群伤恶性火灾时有发生,不但造成了大量人员伤亡,而且影响了社会政治稳定。这些火灾的发生,大多是因为这些场所发生火灾时缺少必要可靠的应急照明和疏散指示,致使火灾发生后被困人员不能及时疏散,被烟熏窜息而死[1]。

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