TED英语演讲稿：科技如何帮我阅读

三一文库（）/演讲致辞/英语演讲稿TED英语演讲稿：科技如何帮我阅读
简介：科技改变世界，但它更为盲人的生活带来前所未有的便利。

联合国残疾人权利委员会主席ronmccallum自幼失明。

1987年，他拥有了第一台盲人专用电脑。

由于有了电脑，有声读物(talkingbooks)和志愿者们的帮助，他成为了一个贪婪的阅读者，同时也成为了一名律师和学者。

wheniwasaboutthreeorfouryearsold,iremembermymu mreadingastorytomeandmytwobigbrothers,andireme mberputtingupmyhandstofeelthepageofthebook,tof eelthepicturetheywerediscussing.
andmymumsaid,"darling,rememberthatyoucantseean dyoucantfeelthepictureandyoucantfeeltheprinton thepage."
andithoughttomyself,"butthatswhatiwanttodo.ilo
vestories.iwanttoread."littledidiknowthatiwoul dbepartofatechnologicalrevolutionthatwouldmake thatdreamcometrue.
iwasbornprematurebyabout10weeks,whichresultedi nmyblindness,some64yearsago.theconditionisknow nasretrolentalfibroplasia,anditsnowveryrareint hedevelopedworld.littledidiknow,lyingcurledupi nmyprimbabyhumidicribin1948thatidbeenbornatthe rightplaceandtherighttime,thatiwasinacountrywh ereicouldparticipateinthetechnologicalrevoluti on.
thereare37milliontotallyblindpeopleonourplanet ,butthoseofuswhovesharedinthetechnologicalchan gesmainlycomefromnorthamerica,europe,japanando putershavechan gedthelivesofusallinthisroomandaroundtheworld, butithinktheyvechangedthelivesofweblindpeoplem orethananyothergroup.andsoiwanttotellyouaboutt heinteractionbetweencomputer-basedadaptivetech
nologyandthemanyvolunteerswhohelpedmeovertheye arstobecomethepersoniamtoday.itsaninteractionb etweenvolunteers,passionateinventorsandtechnol ogy,anditsastorythatmanyotherblindpeoplecouldt ell.butletmetellyouabitaboutittoday.
wheniwasfive,iwenttoschoolandilearnedbraille.i tsaningenioussystemofsixdotsthatarepunchedinto paper,andicanfeelthemwithmyfingers.infact,ithi nktheyreputtingupmygradesixreport.idontknowwhe rejulianmorrowgotthatfrom.(laughter)iwaspretty goodinreading,butreligionandmusicalappreciatio nneededmorework.(laughter)
whenyouleavetheoperahouse,youllfindtheresbrail lesignageinthelifts.lookforit.haveyounoticedit ?ido.ilookforitallthetime.
(laughter)
wheniwasatschool,thebooksweretranscribedbytran scribers,voluntarypeoplewhopunchedonedotatatim
esoidhavevolumestoread,andthathadbeengoingon,m ainlybywomen,sincethelate19thcenturyinthiscoun try,butitwastheonlywayicouldread.wheniwasinhig hschool,igotmyfirstphilipsreel-to-reeltapereco rder,andtaperecordersbecamemysortofpre-compute rmediumoflearning.icouldhavefamilyandfriendsre admematerial,andicouldthenreaditbackasmanytime sasineeded.anditbroughtmeintocontactwithvolunt eersandhelpers.forexample,whenistudiedatgradua teschoolatqueensuniversityincanada,theprisoner satthecollinsbayjailagreedtohelpme.igavethemat aperecorder,andtheyreadintoit.asoneofthemsaidt ome,"ron,weaintgoinganywhereatthemoment."
(laughter)
butthinkofit.thesemen,whohadnthadtheeducationa lopportunitiesidhad,helpedmegainpost-graduateq ualificationsinlawbytheirdedicatedhelp.
well,iwentbackandbecameanacademicatmelbournesm onashuniversity,andforthose25years,taperecorde
rswereeverythingtome.infact,inmyofficein1990,i had18milesoftape.students,familyandfriendsallr eadmematerial.mrs.loisdoery,whomilatercametoca llmysurrogatemum,readmemanythousandsofhoursont otape.oneofthereasonsiagreedtogivethistalktoda ywasthatiwashopingthatloiswouldbeheresoicouldi ntroduceyoutoherandpubliclythankher.butsadly,h erhealthhasntpermittedhertocometoday.butithank youhere,lois,fromthisplatform.
(applause)
isawmyfirstapplecomputerin1984,andithoughttomy self,"thisthingsgotaglassscreen,notmuchusetome ."howverywrongiwas.in1987,inthemonthoureldests ongerardwasborn,igotmyfirstblindcomputer,andit sactuallyhere.seeitupthere?andyouseeithasno,wh atdoyoucallit,noscreen.(laughter)itsablindcomp uter.(laughter)itsakeynotegold84k,andthe84ksta ndsforithad84kilobytesofmemory.(laughter)dontl augh,itcostme4,000dollarsatthetime.(laughter)i thinktheresmorememoryinmywatch.
itwasinventedbyrussellsmith,apassionateinvento rinnewzealandwhowastryingtohelpblindpeople.sad ly,hediedinalightplanecrashinXX,buthismemoryli vesoninmyheart.itmeant,forthefirsttime,icouldr eadbackwhatihadtypedintoit.ithadaspeechsynthes izer.idwrittenmyfirstcoauthoredlaborlawbookona typewriterin1979purelyfrommemory.thisnowallowe dmetoreadbackwhatidwrittenandtoenterthecompute rworld,evenwithits84kofmemory.
in1974,thegreatraykurzweil,theamericaninventor ,workedonbuildingamachinethatwouldscanbooksand readthemoutinsyntheticspeech.opticalcharacterr ecognitionunitsthenonlyoperatedusuallyononefon t,butbyusingcharge-coupleddeviceflatbedscanner sandspeechsynthesizers,hedevelopedamachinethat couldreadanyfont.andhismachine,whichwasasbigas awashingmachine,waslaunchedonthe13thofjanuary, 1976.isawmyfirstcommerciallyavailablekurzweili nmarch1989,anditblewmeaway,andinseptember1989, themonththatmyassociateprofessorshipatmonashun
iversitywasannounced,thelawschoolgotone,andico ulduseit.forthefirsttime,icouldreadwhatiwanted toreadbyputtingabookonthescanner.ididnthavetob enicetopeople!
(laughter)
inolongerwouldbecensored.forexample,iwastooshy then,andimactuallytooshynow,toaskanybodytoread meoutloudsexuallyexplicitmaterial.(laughter)bu t,youknow,icouldpopabookoninthemiddleofthenigh t,and--(laughter)(applause)
now,thekurzweilreaderissimplyaprogramonmylapto p.thatswhatitsshrunkto.andnowicanscanthelatest novelandnotwaittogetitintotalkingbooklibraries .icankeepupwithmyfriends.
therearemanypeoplewhohavehelpedmeinmylife,andm anythatihaventmet.oneisanotheramericaninventor tedhenter.tedwasamotorcycleracer,butin1978heha dacaraccidentandlosthissight,whichisdevastatin
gifyouretryingtoridemotorbikes.hethenturnedtob eingawaterskierandwasachampiondisabledwaterski er.butin1989,heteamedupwithbilljoycetodevelopa programthatwouldreadoutwhatwasonthecomputerscr eenfromthenetorfromwhatwasonthecomputer.itscal ledjaws,jobaccesswithspeech,anditsoundslikethi s.
(jawsspeaking)
ronmccallum:isntthatslow?
(laughter)yousee,ifireadlikethat,idfallasleep. isloweditdownforyou.imgoingtoaskthatweplayitat thespeedireadit.canweplaythatone?
(jawsspeaking)
(laughter)
rm:youknow,whenyouremarkingstudentessays,youwa nttogetthroughthemfairlyquickly.
(laughter)(applause)
thistechnologythatfascinatedmein1987isnowonmyi phoneandonyoursaswell.but,youknow,ifindreading withmachinesaverylonelyprocess.igrewupwithfami ly,friends,readingtome,andilovedthewarmthandth ebreathandtheclosenessofpeoplereading.doyoulov ebeingreadto?andoneofmymostenduringmemoriesisi n1999,maryreadingtomeandthechildrendownnearman lybeach"harrypotterandthephilosophersstone."is ntthatagreatbook?istilllovebeingclosetosomeone readingtome.butiwouldntgiveupthetechnology,bec auseitsallowedmetoleadagreatlife.
ofcourse,talkingbooksfortheblindpredatedallthi stechnology.afterall,thelong-playingrecordwasd evelopedintheearly1930s,andnowweputtalkingbook soncdsusingthedigitalaccesssystemknownasdaisy. butwhenimreadingwithsyntheticvoices,ilovetocom ehomeandreadaracynovelwitharealvoice.
nowtherearestillbarriersinfrontofwepeoplewithd
isabilities.manywebsiteswecantreadusingjawsand theothertechnologies.websitesareoftenveryvisua l,andthereareallthesesortsofgraphsthatarentlab eledandbuttonsthatarentlabeled,andthatswhythew orldwidewebconsortium3,knownasw3c,hasdeveloped worldwidestandardsfortheinternet.andwewantalli nternetusersorinternetsiteownerstomaketheirsit escompatiblesothatwepersonswithoutvisioncanhav ealevelplayingfield.thereareotherbarriersbroug htaboutbyourlaws.forexample,australia,likeabou tonethirdoftheworldscountries,hascopyrightexce ptionswhichallowbookstobebrailledorreadforwebl indpersons.butthosebookscanttravelacrossborder s.forexample,inspain,therearea100,000accessibl ebooksinspanish.inargentina,thereare50,000.inn ootherlatinamericancountryaretheremorethanacou pleofthousand.butitsnotlegaltotransportthebook sfromspaintolatinamerica.therearehundredsoftho usandsofaccessiblebooksintheunitedstates,brita in,canada,australia,etc.,buttheycantbetranspor tedtothe60countriesinourworldwhereenglishisthe firstandthesecondlanguage.andrememberiwastelli
ngyouaboutharrypotter.well,becausewecanttransp ortbooksacrossborders,therehadtobeseparatevers ionsreadinallthedifferentenglish-speakingcount ries:britain,unitedstates,canada,australia,and newzealandallhadtohaveseparatereadingsofharryp otter.
andthatswhy,nextmonthinmorocco,ameetingistakin gplacebetweenallthecountries.itssomethingthata groupofcountriesandtheworldblindunionareadvoca ting,across-bordertreatysothatifbooksareavaila bleunderacopyrightexceptionandtheothercountryh asacopyrightexception,wecantransportthosebooks acrossbordersandgivelifetopeople,particularlyi ndevelopingcountries,blindpeoplewhodonthavethe bookstoread.iwantthattohappen.
(applause)
mylifehasbeenextraordinarilyblessedwithmarriag eandchildrenandcertainlyinterestingworktodo,wh etheritbeattheuniversityofsydneylawschool,wher
eiservedatermasdean,ornowasisitontheunitednati onscommitteeontherightsofpersonswithdisabiliti es,ingeneva.iveindeedbeenaveryfortunatehumanbe ing.
iwonderwhatthefuturewillhold.thetechnologywill advanceevenfurther,buticanstillremembermymumsa ying,60yearsago,"remember,darling,youllneverbe abletoreadtheprintwithyourfingers."imsogladtha ttheinteractionbetweenbrailletranscribers,volu nteerreadersandpassionateinventors,hasallowedt hisdreamofreadingtocometrueformeandforblindpeo plethroughouttheworld.
idliketothankmyresearcherhannahmartin,whoismys lideclicker,whoclickstheslides,andmywife,profe ssormarycrock,whosthelightofmylife,iscomingont ocollectme.iwanttothankhertoo.
ithinkihavetosaygoodbyenow.blessyou.thankyouve rymuch.
(applause)yay!(applause)okay.okay.okay.okay.ok ay.(applause)
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