(完整版)2017年河南专升本病理学真题
完整版2017河南专升本英语真题
8．________mirror the ideas and opinions of women in the United States in the later part of the 2017年考试试题1800s.A．Whether the novels of Mary Jane Homes 语英B．The novels by Mary Jane Homes C．Mary Jane Homes wrote novelsPart I Vocabulary and Structure(1*40)D．Why Mary Jane Homes wrote novelsThere are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are 4 choicesDirections:9．________my father wants to do after he retires is to write a book.marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence,and then mark A．Which B．That C．What D．Thosethe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.10．The speed________light travels is said to be the maximum in the universe.A．by which B．from which C．in which D．at which question_________comes prisoner,the police decide to In order to search for the escaped 1．along thisroad.11．Steven________my letter;otherwise he would have replied before now.A．has received A．who B．whom C．whoever D．whomever B．should have receivedC．couldn't have received ．2Albert Einstein often stressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have D．ought to have receivedbeen achieved by others __________lived.12．Your hair wants ________.You'd better have it done tomorrow.A．to cut B．cutting C．cut A ．he had never B．never had he D．being cut13．D．had he never Tom can't speak Chinese,but Peter________. C．never he hadA．do B．does C．did Dless flexible Some 3．companies have introduced working time with emphasis on pressure ．done__________.14．All those are matters ________attention.A．is worthy and more efficiency B．worthy ．and more on efficiency A ． B C．worthy of than more onefficiencyD ．D．which is worthy of ．Cthan efficiency 15．But for your help,I________. conditioner in the office next week.They are going to have the serviceman____________an air4．-A．can have failed again ．Bto install B．may have failed again install A ．C．will be living installedD ．D．will have beenliving ．Cto be installed16．More and more people begin to realize that it is about time thegovernment__________further ．Mr.Grant________in Hangzhou since 2006.He loves this city. 5 measures to control pollution. A．has been living B．livedC．will be living tookD ．D．will have been living takes C is taking ．B ．Amust take ．17．6．While crossing the mountain areas, all the men had guns for protection lest they________bythe They were in ________when they left that they forgot the airline tickets.local bandits. A．a rush so anxious B．a such anxious rushC．such an anxious rush D were attacked ．．A be attacked B ．so an anxious rush18 must be attacked C．．Under no circumstances________our car. would be attacked．DA．they are borrow The manager promised to keep me ________of how our business was going on.．7 B．are they to borrowto be informed ．A C．they will borrow on informing．BD．could they be borrowing19C informed ．informing．D ．You're going to the United States next year.You should now practice________English as much1as possible 34.No one like him because his action doesn't________his words.A.correspond withB.agree on A．speak B.to speakC.speakingD.spoke municate with D.consist of 20．All flights________because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.35.His knowledge of English literature is ________mine. A. were canceled B. had been canceledC. having canceledD. having been canceled A.superior thanB.superior toC.superior more thanD.superior better to Only one little boy________ the accident. Everyone else was killed.21．36.He rarely C. suffered A. survived B. submittedD. succeeded goes to the cinema as his work ________almost all his time.A.takes awayB.takes overC.take upD.takes in 22．I don't know whether what he said is ture, but I'll try to ________it.37.The World-Cup football match will be tekevised________to the world. D.confirm C.conform B.confess confine A．A.aliveB.livingC.liveD.lively My camera can be ____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.23．38.The restaurant is busy on Sundays, so I'll phone up today and ________a table.D. remedied A. treated B. adjusted C. adoptedA.preserveB.reserveC.observeD.deserve 24．Children who are over protected by their parents may become________.39.Never waste anything.but ________never waste time. A ．hurt D.harmed C.spoiled B.damagedA.after allB.all in allC.above allD.all over ．I think the whole paper ha to be rewritten;only the first few paragraphs may be________.25personal a formal styleC.retained B.contained A.sustainedD.maintained ________in business leter should be written in 40.Generally speaking,aone. The boat ________,throwing the boys into the water.26．D.more than C.less thanB.other than A.rather than B.turned down turned on A． D.turned overC.turned offII Cloze(1*20)Part 27．The teacher asked a difficult question,but finally Peter________a good answer.There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are 4 choices marked Directions:B.came up for A.came up toA,B,C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and mark the D.cameup against C.came up withAnswer Sheetcorresponding letter on the ．Mr.Wang is getting too old for football.He decides to ________tennis instead. 28do, what they Regardless_41_who they are or overdoseA.take inB.take uoC.take forD.take overAmericans suffer from an of work.Americans spend_42_time at work than at any time since World War II. 29．Not long ago,a person who I know very well was ________an accident.exceeds Today, itA.related toB.included in hours_43_any industrialized country. In 1950, the US had fewer workingevery country_44_ Japan, where industrial employees log 2,155 hours a year compared_45_1951C.involved inD.subjected toin the US and 1603 in the_46_West Germany. ．30It is our ________policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.yearly their hours to employed 1989, Americans_47_an average of 138 Between D.continuous C.continual B.considerate A.consistent 1969 andwork schedules. The workweek_48_above 40 hours, but people are working more weeks each year. ．31Many people complain of the rapid________of modern life._49_ , paid time off holidays, vacations, sick leave shrank_50_15 percent in the 1990s. D.growth C.speed B.paceA.ratehave productivity, in they As corporations have_51_stiffer competition and slower growth 32.We discussed this problem for several days,but couldn't come to a(n)________.and B.endA.result the -offs in 1990s_52_the D.growth C.conclusion professional laylonger. pressed employees to work Cost-cuttingwages occupations,_54_ paid 33.I am ________every day by the slow bus service in this city.done. to managerial runs,_53_fewer people get the job In lower-livingB.confused A.annoyed jobs D.irritatedC.horrified or added workers been have reduced, have hours_55_overtime extra to_56_their2standard. The Government estimates that more than seven million people hold a second job.should know before requesting a tour:For the first time, large_57_of people say they want to cut_58_on working hours, even if it ? Only groups of 10 or more may request a tour.means earning less money._59_most employers are unwilling to let them do so. The Government, ? Requests must be submitted with a minimum of one month's advance notice from thewhich has stepped back from its traditional_60_as a regulator of work time, should take steps to date of the tour. Notice of whether your application is accepted will be given 10 days prior to themake shorter hours possible. date requested. All tours, even after they have been confirmed, are subject to cancellation due to41. A. of B. with C. for D. by security interests.42. A. less B. same C. more D. much ? Tours are only conducted Tuesday through Saturday from 7:30 am to 11:30 am.43. A. to B. like C. than D. among To process your request for a tour, please contact our Washington office at (202) 224-552144. A. and B. but C. as D. or and provide the following information:45. A. for B. with C. in D. at ? Date(s) requesting.46. A. past B. late C. earlier D. former ? Security information for each person in your party, including: name as it appears on I.D. (I.D.47. A. added B. increased C. brought D. totaled required for ages 14 and up), date of birth, social security number, country of origin, and48. A. stood B. stopped C. remained D. set citizenship.49. A. However B. Nevertheless C. Therefore D.Moreover ? A home address and daytime and evening phone numbers for the designated (指派的)50. A. by B. at C. with D. below leader of the group.51. A. suffered B. experienced C. undertaken D. endured ? A contact number while in DC for the designated leader of the group.52. A. shortened B. reduced C. lessened D. relieved After your request is , our office will contact you with further instructions.53. A. leaving B. left C. leave D. to leave 61. This notice is to provide information about ________.54. A. when B. where C. while D. though A) scheduling of Washington DC tours55. A. by B. for C. to D. in B) the security system of the White House56. A. preserve B. conserve C. improve D. protect C) application fora tour of the White House57. A. numbers B. amounts C. figures D. quantities D) duties of a tour group leader58. A. off B. out C. in D. back 62. The White House is open to the public ________.59. A. For B. Furthermore C. But D. And A) on weekdays only60. A. rule B. function C. task D. role B) five days a weekC) every other day Part III Reading Comprehension(2*20)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or D) on weekends onlyincomplete sentences. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D.You 63. Application for a group tour of the White House must be submitted ________.should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer A) exactly on the date of applicationSheet. B) at least 30 days in advancePassage 1C) any day between Tuesday and SaturdayThe White House is the most visited residence in the world. Tours may be scheduled through D) 10 days before the date of the tourour Washington DC office. Due to security and scheduling procedures, there are a few things you64. After your tour request has been confirmed, ________.3A) it is still possible that your tour may be cancelled 67. If employees have any health problem，they should_________.A) telephone the factory B) you are still allowed to change your visiting dateB) inform the Senior Nurse C) you can surely visit the White House that dayC) report to t11eir line manager D) it is necessary for you to start your tour immediatelyD) contact the health and safety officer 65. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.68. The line manager is responsible for____________. A) teenagers under 14 are not allowed to visit the White HouseA) giving a pay raise B) foreigners are less likely to be permitted to tour the White HouseB) signing a contract C) separate tours can also be scheduled for individual visitorsC) arranging annual leave D) security is the chief concern in scheduling White House toursD) helping with personal affairs Passage 2Terms and Conditions of Employment69. If employees work on public holidays，usually they will get_________.A) extra days off These terms and conditions should be read before you sign your contract.B) extra money $15，000.This is reviewed annually. Your starting salary is Salary：：C) a pay raise onwork will start You ，eight work are hours a dayMonday through Friday. ：HoursD) paid holidays Feb.21 2008.On the first morningreport to your line manager John Knight. ，70. When they need overalls for their job，Please read the safety regulations attached. If you have any questions Health and safety：，employees should inform the Supplies Department of_________. whose name is at the top of the regulation sheet. If youcontact the health and safety officer，A) the size Chris Thomas. If you cannot work，please inform the Senior Nursehave health problems，B) the color please telephone the factory. because of illness，C) the style leave.Annual leave：' During your first year of employment you ale allowed twenty daysD) the quantity This should be arranged with your line manager.Passage 3you will be paid at the) Overtime(加班：，If you work more than forty hours a weekcurrent overtime rate. Your line manager will keep a record of the overtime you work. If youAre you worried by the rising crime rate? If you are, you probably know that your house, time can be taken ，work on public holidays，you will be paid at the current rates. If you preferpossessions and person are increasingly in danger of suffering from great rise in instead of extra pay for public holidays and overtime. the cases ofburglary and attack Clothing：（攻击）.) .Inform Supplies of yourThe Supplies Department provides overalls(工作服Figures show an ever-increasing crime rate, but it is only too easy to imagine It will never size two days before you need them. You can also order any other equipment you need forhappen to me. Unfortunately, statistics show that it really can happen to you and, if you live in a your job from Supplies.large city, you run twice the risk of being a victim. ，the salary of the employee_________. 66. According to the contractFortunately, there is something definite which you can do. Protect Alarms can help to protect A) is paid weeklyyour house with a burglar alarm system which is effective, simple to operate and easily affordable.B) is adjusted every quarterYou must remember that owning a burglar alarm is no indication that your house is packed C) is re examined from year to year -with valuable possessions. It quite simply indicates to unwelcome visitors that yours is one houseD) is fixed for the whole contract period4they will not break into easily, so they carry on to an unprotected house where their job is made a things to adjust to, such as being on my own and meeting many different types of people.There are a lot of things that I like about college that I would like to describe for you. lot easier. First of all, living at college Send now for our free leaflet telling you how we can Protect Alarm your house quickly, easily gives me a sense of responsibility and of being on my own.My parents aren't around to say, No, you're not going out tonight, or Did you finish your and cheaply. Complete and tear off the slip below and post it to us. Postage is free. Also, telephone homework? Everything I do has to be my decision, and that makes me responsible for my -clock answering service. It costs nothing to find out us on 327 6721 where we have a round-theown life. During the second week I was at college, I had to go out and look for a bank where I about Protect Alarm.could open an account. And when I got to 71.Anyone who takes an interest in the crime rate will, according to the text, be aware that the bank, I had to decide whether to have achecking or savings account and whether or not to get a credit card. Decisions! Decisions!________.Friendly people is another thing I like about college. On the first day I came to more burglars are being caught than ever before．AMarymount University here in Virginia from New York, I was a bit confused about where I was B．people have more possessions to worry about nowadaysgoing. My mother and I drove in. We did not know the building we were supposed to go to, burglars are more at risk than they used to beC．but the guard was very nice. With a smile, he told us what building we were looking for and Dhomes are more likely to be broken into than before．where we could park our car. My room was on the first floor of New Gerard, and I knew I had 72.It seems that people who live in cities are__________.to go through some glass doors, but my mother and I didn't know which ones. Some students more likely to fall victim to burglary than those living in the countryA．saw me and asked, Are you a new student? When they found out I was looking for New ．of the opinion that statistics on robbery is wrongBGerard, one said, Oh, just follow us; that's where we're going. Even now I feel comfortable twice as well-off as people living in the countryC．in the dorm because there are friendly people around to talk with. D．conbinced that burglars only rob unprotected housesI do like a lot Alarm impression wants writer 73.The of this text to give the that the Protect system is of things about college, but that doesn't mean I don't think about things athome. Although I like ________.college, I can still get homesick. New York is a very good place, too! Andsometimes I miss it! B ．expensive ．Aelementary76. The text is perhaps written by ________. ．economicalD experimental C．A. a new student 74.The article claims that possessing an alarm system will________B.a new teacherC. a foreign reporterD. a foreign visitor show burglars that you have somethingworth stealingA．77. What does gives me a sense of responsibility in the first sentence of Paragraph 2 mean? warn burglars not to break into your house．BIt means it makes me feel ________.make the burglars' undertaking more complicated．CA. responsible for my parents. ．Dpersuade burglars to try coming another timeB. responsible for my teacher. 75.The purpose of the articleis________.C. responsible for the school. ．to warn people against the danger of the rising crimerateAD.responsible for myself. to help people to protect their house．B78. One thing that he liked was ________. to persuade people to buy somethingC．A. the comfortable dormB. finding his way around Dto discourage the burglars．C. his studies as a first year student Passage 4D. the friendly people79. What is New Gerard? College is a new and different experience for me. I'm away from home, so I have many593.Which really matters is not what you said but what you did. B. It's a teacher's name. A. It's a student's name. A B C D94.Nowhere in the world you can find a man who is more foolish than John. C. It's a dorm's name. D. It's a school's name. A B CD 80. Which of the following is NOT true? 95.Whoever leaves the classroom last should turn up the lights. A B C D A. People in Marymount University are friendly. 96.Considering that she is a mere child,it is not safe to let her go lonely. B. The writer likes the new experience in the university. A B C D 97.They believe businesses in other countries is not as competitive as those in America.C. The writer drove to Marymount University with his mother. A BC D 98.It is highly desirable that a new president is appointed for this college. D. The writer is not homesickquestions- D C A B ）Part IV Translation(2×10 99.Have no money but not wanting anyone to know,he simply said he would go Without D C A B85 from chinese-Directions:There are 10 sentences in this part please translate sentences 81 dinner. 100.My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate to hear from you your into Chinese.Write English 90 86into English,and translate sentences -from D C B A answer on the Answer sheet. sometimes.众所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。
2024年河南省专升本考试生理学病理解剖学测试题含解析
2024年河南省专升本考试生理学病理解剖学测试题一、选择题1、败血症是指()A.细菌及其毒素在血中，有全身中毒表现B.细菌不在血中，毒素入血,有全身中毒表现C.细菌入血，无全身中毒表现D.细菌入血、有多发性脓肿2、下列有关非典型增生的描述，错误的是______A.可见于肿瘤性病变B.也称为异型增生C.增生的细胞大小形态不一，排列紊乱D.病因去除非典型增生也不可逆转3、切除动物双侧肾上腺后死亡的主要原因是缺乏______A,皮质激素B.肾素C.肾上腺素D.去甲肾上腺素4、创伤愈合过程中胶原纤维在哪一天开始()A.1—2天B.3—4天C.5—6天D.7—10天5、脓肿最常见的致病菌是()A.溶血性链球菌B.绿脓杆菌C.金黄色葡萄球菌D.大肠杆菌6、神经-肌接头处的神经递质是()A.肾上腺素B.乙酰胆碱C.氨基丁酸D.5-羟色胺7、湿性坏疽常发生在______A．肺、脑、肾B．肺、肝、肠C．肺、肠、子宫D．脑、肠、子宫8、股骨骨折患者术后2~3周下床活动时出现肺栓塞而死亡，应考虑为()A.血栓栓塞B.脂肪栓塞C.气体栓塞D.其他栓塞9、血栓的结局不包括()A.软化、溶解和吸收B.机化与再通C.钙化D.硬化10、一定时间内机体呼出CO2的量与吸入O2量的比值称为()A.食物的热价B.食物的氧热价C.物理热价D.呼吸商11、促进蛋白质合成的激素不包括()A.生长激素B.雌激素C.雄激素D.孕激素12、外周阻力主要由什么因素决定______A.红细胞的数目B.血液黏稠度C.微动脉的口径D.血管长度13、内源性凝血途径和外源性凝血途径的最主要区别在于()A.纤维蛋白形成过程不同B.凝血酶形成过程不同C.启动方式和参与的凝血因子不同D.Ⅲ因子是否参加而不同14、下列有关骨骼肌前负荷的描述，不正确的是()A.指肌肉收缩前已承受的负荷B.最适前负荷使肌肉收缩产生最大的张力C.达到最适前负荷后再增加前负荷，肌肉收缩力不变D.使肌肉在收缩前就处于某种被拉长的状态15、肝硬化时男性乳腺增生症是______A.不典型变化B.生理性变化C.代偿性变化D.内分泌变化16、慢性肺源性心脏病常见的原因是()A.支气管哮喘B.支气管扩张症C.支气管肺炎D.慢性支气管炎17、急性重型肝炎肝细胞坏死的主要类型是______A.大片状坏死B.桥接坏死C.碎片状坏死D.亚大片状坏死18、中心静脉压的高低取决于下列哪项关系()A.血管容量和血量B.动脉血压和静脉血压C.心脏射血能力和静脉回心血量D.心脏射血能力和外周阻力19、排卵后黄体萎缩是由于血中哪种激素水平下降()A.黄体生成素和促卵泡素B.雌激素C.前列腺素D.孕激素20、阿司匹林抑制血小板聚集，主要作用于()A.磷脂酶A2B.血栓素合成酶C.环氧化酶D.凝血酶21、细动脉壁玻璃样变常发生于()A.急进型高血压B.糖尿病C.急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎D.急性肾盂肾炎22、心肌梗死好发部位的顺序______A.左室前壁及室间隔前2/3>左室后壁及室间隔后1/3>左室侧壁B.左室侧壁〉左室前壁及室间隔前2/3>左室后壁及室间隔后1/3C.左室后壁及室间隔后1/3>左室侧壁〉左室前壁及室间隔前2/3D.左室前壁及室间隔前2/3>左室后壁及室间隔后1/3>左室侧壁23、下列有关炎症防御作用的描述，不恰当的是()A.液体渗出有利于稀释毒素B.白细胞渗出有利于吞噬病原体和坏死组织C.渗出液越多，防御作用越明显D.炎症局部淋巴结肿大具有一定的防御作用24、最常见的胃黏膜疾病是______A．疣状胃炎B．慢性浅表性胃炎C．慢性肥厚性胃炎D．慢性萎缩性胃炎25、肾梗死周围可见充血、出血带，其形成原因是()A.淤血性出血B.炎性充血C.漏出性出血D.破裂性出血26、正常成熟红细胞形态呈______A.双凹圆盘形B.双凸扁盘形C.球形D.椭圆形27、下列哪项属于癌前疾病()A.胃溃疡B.慢性浅表性胃炎C.皮肤瘢痕D.肺结核球28、病理学的研究范畴不包括______A．病因B．发病机制C．治疗过程D．病理变化29、神经细胞在发生一次动作电位的全过程中，Na+的电-化学驱动力()A.持续增大B.持续减小C.由大变小而后恢复D.由小变大而后恢复30、急性普通型病毒性肝炎的病变为()A.纤维组织增生B.桥接坏死C.大片坏死D.点状坏死31、下列有关动脉粥样硬化继发性病变的描述，错误的是______ A．钙化B．血栓形成C．斑块内出血D．血管瘤形成32、交感神经兴奋不会引起()A.入球和出球小动脉的收缩B.肾素分泌的增加C.肾小球毛细血管的收缩D.肾小球滤过率的降低33、下列有关大叶性肺炎的描述哪项不正确()A.多见于青壮年患者左肺或右肺下叶B.充血水肿期肺泡腔内有大量的红细胞，形成铁锈色痰C.红色肝样变期临床表现最明显，缺氧最重D.中性粒细胞渗出过少时可并发肺肉质变34、慢性支气管炎最常见的并发症是()A.肺炎B.肺脓肿C.支气管扩张症和肺源性心脏病D.肺气肿和肺源性心脏病35、解热镇痛药退热的机制主要和下列哪种炎症介质有关()A.前列腺素B.组胺C.缓激肽D.白三烯36、构橼酸盐作为抗凝剂的作用机制是______A．增强抗凝血酶的活性B．与游离的Ca2+结合C．抑制因子X的激活D．抑制凝血酶原的激活37、关于萎缩，下述哪项叙述是不正确的()A.脊髓灰质炎患儿的下肢肌肉萎缩属于去神经性萎缩B.脑积水后引起的脑组织萎缩属于压迫性萎缩C.久病卧床引起的患肢肌肉萎缩属于失用性萎缩D.只要是器官、组织或细胞的体积缩小就是萎缩38、高分化的鳞癌最主要的特征______A.癌巢形成B.癌株形成C.异型性小D.分化程度高39、兴奋性突触后电位的产生是由于突触后膜提高了对下列哪种离子的通透性______ A．Na+、K+、Cl-，尤其是K+B．Ca2+、K+、Cl-，尤其是Ca2+C．Na+、K+，尤其是Na+D．K+、Cl-，尤其是Cl-40、坏疽是指大块的组织坏死合并______A.金黄色葡萄球菌感染B.链球菌感染C.化脓茵感染D.腐败菌感染41、下列哪项不属于化生()A.支气管柱状上皮变为鳞状上皮B.结缔组织变为瘢痕组织C.骨骼肌组织变为骨组织D.胃黏膜上皮变为肠黏膜上皮42、肺肉质变的病变特点是()A.肺泡壁纤维化B.肺泡内渗出物机化C.支气管壁纤维化D.胸膜渗出物机化43、关于视锥细胞的描述，错误的是()A.主要分布在中央凹处B.对物体精细程度分辨能力强C.维生素A缺乏影响其视紫红质的合成D.有色觉辨别能力44、金黄色葡萄球菌感染引起的炎症，局部浸润的炎细胞主要是()A.中性粒细胞B.巨噬细胞C.嗜酸性粒细胞D.淋巴细胞45、胆汁的主要作用是______A.促进脂肪的消化和吸收B.激活胃蛋白酶C.激活胰蛋白酶原D.分解蛋白质46、能促进铁吸收的是()A.维生素CB.维生素DC.维生素KD.内因子47、阴道转移性肿瘤结节，石蜡切片观察可见胎盘绒毛状结构，滋养层细胞显著增生、异型性明显，应考虑为()A.恶性葡萄胎B.绒毛膜上皮细胞癌C.葡萄胎D.畸胎瘤48、下列有关炎症的理解，哪项不正确()A.血管反应是炎症的中心环节B.炎症既对机体有利，又有潜在危险性C.凡是炎症都需用抗生素治疗D.炎症既有局部反应，又可有全身反应49、有关大肠癌的叙述正确的是______A.多见于直肠，多为腺癌B.多见于直肠，多为鳞癌C.多见于盲肠，多为鳞癌D.多见于盲肠，多为腺癌50、生物活性最强的甲状腺激素是______A.一碘甲腺原氨酸B.二碘甲腺原氨酸C.三碘甲腺原氨酸D.四碘甲腺原氨酸51、伤寒细胞的特征是()A.吞噬细菌的白细胞B.细胞直径约300μ,有多个或几十个核并吞噬伤寒杆菌C.细胞核内染色质集中在中央，横断面如枭眼纵切面如毛虫样D.胞质内吞噬有红细胞淋巴细胞、细胞碎片，并吞噬伤寒杆菌52、不符合淤血的描述是()A.可引起出血B.可引起实质细胞增生C.可引起器官硬化D.可引起器官水肿53、下列关于非毒性甲状腺肿结节期的描述哪项是错误的()A.又称结节性甲状腺肿B.结节境界清楚，具有完整的包膜C.滤泡上皮可表现为乳头状增生D.结节内可有出血、坏死和纤维组织增生54、子宫颈早期浸润癌是指癌细胞突破基底膜但浸润深度不超过基底膜下______A.2mmB.3mmC.4mmD.5mm55、下列关于小脑功能的描述，错误的是______A．脊髓小脑调节肌紧张B．皮层小脑协调随意运动C．皮层小脑维持身体平衡D．皮层小脑参与随意运动的策划和运动程序的编制56、受精的部位是()A.输卵管漏斗部B.输卵管壶腹部C.输卵管峡部D.输卵管子宫部57、食物的特殊动力最强的是______A.糖B.脂肪C.蛋白质D.维生素58、决定胸内压大小的主要因素是()A.气体分压差B.肺内压与大气压的压差C.跨肺压D.肺的弹性回缩力59、使食糜与消化液充分混合主要靠小肠的()A.蠕动B.分节运动C.伸展运动D.紧张收缩60、肾炎患者的原尿和正常人相比成分差别较大的是______A.尿素B.蛋白质C.葡萄糖D.氯化钠61、窦房结能成为心脏正常起搏点的原因是()A.最大复极电位低B.4期自动除极速度快C.0期除极速度低D.阈电位与最大复极电位差距小62、通过下列哪种结构维持细胞内外的Na+、K+浓度差______ A．细胞膜上的ATP作用B．膜在安静时对K+通透性大C．膜在兴奋时对Na+通透性大D．Na+-K+依赖式ATP酶63、按照行波理论，耳蜗的顶部感知的是______A.低频声波B.中频声波C.高频声波D.所有频率的声波64、使食糜与消化液充分混合主要靠小肠的______A.蠕动B.分节运动C.伸展运动D.紧张收缩65、下列哪项是正确的______A.皮下血肿是外出血B.颅内出血是外出血C.上消化道出血可引起呕血D.胃出血称蛆血66、大红肾，蚤咬肾是下列哪种肾脏疾病的肉眼观()A.急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎B.系膜细胞肾小球肾炎C.毛细血管内皮细胞肾小球肾炎D.毛细血管外皮细胞肾小球肾炎67、幼年期甲状腺激素缺乏的症状是______A．肌无力B．肢端肥大症C．呆小症D．侏儒症68、神经递质的作用是()A.入胞作用B.易化扩散C.出胞作用D.主动运输69、下列哪种激素是由下丘脑室旁核分泌()A.胰高血糖素B.黄体生成素C.缩宫素D.生长激素70、近髓肾单位的主要功能是()A.产生肾素B.浓缩、稀释尿液C.排泄Na+和Cl-D.释放血管升压素71、心肌梗死好发部位的顺序()A.左室前壁及室间隔前2/3>左室后壁及室间隔后1/3>左室侧壁B.左室侧壁〉左室前壁及室间隔前2/3>左室后壁及室间隔后1/3C.左室后壁及室间隔后1/3>左室侧壁〉左室前壁及室间隔前2/3D.左室前壁及室间隔前2/3>左室后壁及室间隔后1/3>左室侧壁72、下列哪项与醛固酮的释放无关______A．血浆中Na+上升B．血浆中Na+下降C．血浆中K+下降D．血浆中Cl-下降73、关于Rh血型系统的叙述，错误的是()A.在人类与ABO血型同时存在B.抗原存在于红细胞表面C.我国大多数人为Rh阴性血型D.人的血清中不存在天然的Rh抗体74、关于原发性肺结核的叙述，不正确的是()A.原发灶多在肺尖部B.多见于儿童C.肺门淋巴结干酪样坏死D.可经支气管、淋巴道和血道播散75、心动周期中，心室血液充盈主要是由于()A.血液依赖地心引力而回流B.骨骼肌的挤压作用加速静脉回流C.心房收缩的挤压作用D.心室舒张的抽吸作用76、泌尿道最常见的恶性肿瘤是()A.肾透明细胞癌B.膀胱移行细胞癌C.输尿管癌D.肾母细胞瘤77、下列哪项不是淤血的后果()A.水肿，出血B.实质细胞萎缩、变性和坏死C.间质纤维组织增生D.小静脉和毛细血管扩张充血78、下列选项中，能促进胃排空的是______A.肠-胃反射B.缩胆囊素C.迷走-迷走反射D.促胰液素79、快波睡眠的生物学意义是()A.贮存能量B.促进食欲和消化C.促进记忆和幼儿神经系统成熟D.促进脑电图同步化80、有关肿瘤性增生的描述，正确的是______A.多克隆性增生B.病因消除增生停止C.对机体是有利的D.增生的肿瘤细胞有一定程度的分化障碍二、填空题81、肿瘤实质是指______，间质包括______、______和淋巴细胞。
2017河南专升本生理病理真题
2017河南专升本生理病理真题一、选择题（每小题1分，共60分）（生理学1－30题，病理解剖学31－60题）1．下列生理过程中，存在负反馈的是（）。
A．排尿反射B．降压反射C．分娩D．血液凝固2．维持细胞膜内、外离子分布不均，形成生物电的基础是（）。
A．膜在安静时对K＋通透性大B．膜在兴奋时对Na＋通透性大C．Na＋、K＋易化扩散的结果D．膜上Na＋—K＋泵的作用3．兴奋－收缩耦联的关键物质是（）。
A．Na＋B．K＋C．Ca2＋D．Mg2＋4．相继刺激落在前次收缩的收缩期内会引起（）。
A．单收缩B．不完全强直收缩C．完全性强直收缩D．等张收缩5.50kg体重的正常人，其体液和血量分别约为（）。
A．40L和4LB．30L和4LC．40L和3LD．20L和3L6．下列哪一项可使心肌自律性增高（）。
A．4期自动去极速度减慢B．增大最大舒张电位水平C．阈电位下移D．阈电位上移7．减慢射血期（）。
A．室内压低于动脉压B．动脉瓣关闭C．房室瓣开放D．心室容积增大8．容量血管是指（）。
A．大动脉B．小动脉和微动脉C．毛细血管D．静脉系统9．心肌细胞膜上肾上腺素能受体为（）。
A．α受体B．β1受体C．β2受体D．M受体10．房室瓣开放见于（）。
A．等容收缩期末B．心室收缩期初C．等容舒张期初D．等容舒张期末11．主动脉在维持舒张压中起重要作用，主要是（）。
A．口径粗、容积大B．管壁坚厚C．血流速度快D．管壁有可扩张性和弹性12．评价肺通气功能较好的指标是（）。
B．深吸气量C．肺活量D．残气量13．与小肠吸收葡萄糖有关的离子是（）。
A．Na＋B．K＋C．Ca2＋D．Mg2＋14．家兔静脉注射生理盐水50ml，尿量增加的主要原因是（）。
A．循环血量增加B．动脉血压升高C．血浆胶渗压降低D．血浆晶渗压升高15．哪一段肾小管对水不通透（）。
A．近端小管B．髓袢降支细段C．髓袢升支细段D．远端小管和集合管病理解剖学部分六、填空题（共8分）86－89．坏死的结局有______、______、_____、______。
2017年河南省专升本生理学真题
2017年河南省普通高等学校专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试生理学、病理解剖学一、选择题2017--1.下列生理过程中，属于负反馈调节的是（D）A.排尿反射B.排便反射C.血液凝固D.降压反射2017--2.下列不属于细胞膜蛋白质功能的是（A）A.屏障作用B.物质转运功能C.受体功能D.跨膜信号转导作用2017--3.在一定范围内人工增大膜外k+的浓度，静息电位的绝对值（A）A.变小B.变大C.不变D.先增大后减小2017--4.骨骼肌进行完全强直收缩时，相邻两次的时间间隔应（A）A.小于肌肉的收缩期B.小于肌肉的舒张期C.大于肌肉的相对不应期D.大于肌肉的收缩期而又小于肌肉的收缩期与舒张期之和2017--5.形成血浆晶体渗透压的主要物质是（D）A.白蛋白B.球蛋白C.纤维蛋白原D.无机盐2017--6.关于Rh血型系统的叙述，错误的是（C）A.在人类与ABO血型同时存在B.抗原存在红细胞表面C.我国大多数人为Rh阴性血型D.人的血清中不存在天然的Rh抗体2017--7.阿司匹林抑制血小板聚集，主要作用于（C）A.磷脂酶A2B.血栓素合成酶C.环加氧酶D.凝血酶2017--8.对心肌的兴奋性和自律性均有影响的因素是（C）A.0期去极化速度B.0期去极化的幅度C.阈点位水平D.平台期长短2017--9.心肌不会产生强直收缩，其原因是（C）A.心肌是功能上的合胞体B.心肌肌浆网不发达，Ca2+贮存少C.心肌的有效不应期特别长D.心肌有自律性，会自动节律收缩2017--10.心动周期中，心室血液的充盈主要是由于（D）A.血液依赖地心引力而回流B.骨骼肌的挤压作用加速静脉回流C.心房收缩的挤压作用D.心室舒张的抽吸作用2017--11.关于心搏出量，下述哪一项是错误的（B）A.动脉血压升高，则等容收缩期延长，射血期缩短，搏出量减少B.心舒末期容积增加，则心缩末期容积也增加，搏出量减少C.回心血量增加，使心舒末期容积增加，搏出量增加D.心舒期时间过短，使心舒末期容积减少，搏出量减少2017--12.交感缩血管纤维分布最密集的是（A）A.皮肤血管B.冠状动脉C.骨骼肌血管D.脑动脉2017--13.实验中夹闭家兔颈总两侧动脉可引起（A）A.心率加快，外周阻力增大，血压升高B. 心率加快，外周阻力降低，血压升高C. 心率加快，外周阻力降低，血压降低D. 心率减慢，外周阻力降低，血压降低2017--14.中心静脉压的高低取决于下列哪项关系（C）A.血管容量和血量B.动脉血压和静脉血压C.心脏射血能力和静脉回心血量D.心脏射血能力和外周阻力2017--15.降压反射的生理意义是（C）A.降低动脉血压B.升高动脉血压C.维持动脉血压的相对稳定D.加强心血管活动2017--16.肺通气的原动力是（B）A.肺内压与大气压之差B.呼吸肌的收缩与舒张C.肺内压与胸内压之差D.肺的扩张和回缩2017--17.关于胸膜腔内压的叙述，正确的是（B）A.在呼吸过程中，胸膜腔内压无变化B.有利于胸膜腔内静脉血和淋巴液的回流C.使胸膜腔内存有少量液体D.胸膜腔内压大于肺的回缩力2017--18.肺的静态顺应性愈大，表示（D）A.肺弹性阻力不变，肺扩张程度小B.肺非弹性阻力大，肺扩张程度大C.肺的弹性阻力大，肺扩张程度小D.肺的弹性阻力小，肺扩张程度大2017--19.消化道中能对胆盐和维生素B12主动吸收的部位是（D）A.十二指肠B.空肠C.胃D.回肠2017--20.以下能抑制唾液分泌的因素是（D）A.交感神经兴奋B.副交感神经兴奋C.食物的形状D.阿托品2017--21.关于头期胃液分泌的叙述，正确的是（C）A.是纯神经性调节B.只有非条件反射C.传出神经是迷走神经D.不包括条件反射2017--22.刺激迷走神经可引起（C）A.胃肠运动增强，分泌减少B.胃肠运动减弱，分泌增多C.胃肠运动增强，分泌增多D.胃肠运动减弱，分泌减少2017--23.交感神经兴奋不会引起（C）A.入球和出球小动脉的收缩B.肾素分泌的增加C.肾小球毛细血管的收缩D.肾小球滤过率的降低2017--24.动脉血压在80—180mmHg范围内波动时，肾脏血流量能保持不变，这是由于（A）A.肾血流量的自身调节B.神经调节C.体液调节D.神经和体液共同调节2017--25.大量出汗时尿量减少主要是由于（A）A.血浆晶体渗透压升高，引起的血管升压素分泌增多B.血浆胶体渗透压升高，引起的血管升压素分泌增多C.血容量减少导致的肾小球滤过率下降D.血容量减少引起的醛固酮分泌增多2017--26.关于视网膜的感光细胞的叙述，正确的是（A）A.存在视杆和视锥两种感光细胞B.两种感光细胞的感光色素均为视紫红质C.中央凹出视杆细胞分布密集D.视锥细胞光敏度高2017--27.突触前抑制发生是由于（B）A.中间抑制性神经元兴奋的结果B.突触前膜兴奋性递质释放量减少C.突触前膜释放抑制性递质D.突触后膜超极化2017--28.在整个反射弧中易出现疲劳的部位是（B）A.感受器B.反射中枢的突触C.传入神经元D.传出神经元2017--29.有关非特异性投射系统的叙述，正确的是（D）A.由丘脑发出的纤维点对点投射到大脑皮层的特定区域B.引起特定感觉C.激发大脑皮层发出传出神经冲动D.维持大脑皮层的兴奋状态2017--30.下列哪项不属于生长激素的作用（D）A.促进蛋白质的合成B.促进软骨发育C.促进脂肪分解D.主要促进脑发育二、填空题2017—63-64.CO2和O2进出细胞属于单纯扩散，进出的速率决定于该气体在膜两侧的＿压力差（浓度差）＿＿＿和膜对该气体的通透性。
河南普通专升本生理病理解剖学试题及答案 _15-19
2014年河南省普通专升本考试《生理学、病理解剖学》真题一、选择题（每小题1分，共60分）（生理学1一30题，病理解剖学31-60题）在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
1.内环境稳态是指（）A.细胞内液理化性质保持不变的状态B.细胞外液理化性质相对稳定的状态C.细胞内液理化性质相对稳定的状态D.细胞外液理化性质保持不变的状态2.关于机体功能调节错误的是（）A.神经调节起主导作用B.应急反应属于体液调节C.心室舒张末期容积改变对心肌收缩力的调节属于自身调节D.反馈调节可以是神经调节，也可以是体液调节3.细胞内电位负值（绝对值）增大，称为（）A.极化B.去极化C.复极化D.超极化4.神经细胞在接受一次阈上刺激作用兴奋后，兴奋性周期变化的顺序是（）A.相对不应期・绝对不应期・超常期•低常期B.绝对不应期・相对不应期・低常期・超常期C.绝对不应期・低常期•相对不应期・超常期D.绝对不应期・相对不应期•超常期・低常期5.关于前负荷对骨骼肌收缩影响的叙述，错误的是（）A.指肌肉收缩前已承受的负荷B.使肌肉在收缩前就处于某种被拉长的状态C.达到最适前负荷后再增加前负荷肌肉收缩力不变D.最适前负荷时肌肉收缩产生最大肌张力6.调节红细胞生成的最主要体液因素是（）A.醛固酮B.雌激素C.集落刺激因子D.促红细胞生成素7.下列哪一种情况不可以输血（）A.交叉配血的主侧不凝集，而次侧凝集B.供血者的血型为O型，受血者的血型为B型C.供血者的血型为A型，受血者的血型为AB型D.供血者的血型为AB型，受血者的血型为O型8.生理情况下影响组织液有效滤过压变化的主要因素是（）A.毛细血管血压和血浆晶体渗透压B.毛细血管血压和组织液静水压C.毛细血管血压和血浆胶体渗透压D.血浆晶体渗透压和血浆胶体渗透压9.02分压最高的部位在（）A.动脉血B.静脉血C.毛细血管D.肺泡气10.心动周期中，在下列哪个时期主动脉压最低（）A.等容收缩期末B.等容舒张期末C.心房收缩期末D.快速充盈期末11.人工呼吸的原理是人为造成（）A.肺内压与胸内压的压力差B.肺内压与大气压的压力差C.腹内压与大气压的压力差D.胸内压与大气压的压力差12.生理情况下，血液中调节呼吸最重要因素是（）A.CO2B.H+ C.02D.OH-13.缺氧兴奋呼吸的途径是通过刺激（）A.外周化学感受器B.中枢化学感受器C.延髓呼吸中枢D.脑桥呼吸中枢14.吸收维生素B的部位是（）12A.胃B.十二指肠C.空肠D.回肠15.三大营养物质胃排空速度由快至慢的排列顺序是（）A.蛋白质、脂肪、糖类B.蛋白质、糖类、脂肪C.糖类、脂肪、蛋白质D.糖类、蛋白质、脂肪16.决定体温调定点的部位在（）A.下丘脑B.大脑皮层C.丘脑后部D.视前区-下丘脑前部17.正常人一昼夜体温的波动幅度一般不超过（）A.1℃B.0.5℃C.1.5℃D.0.25℃18.醛固酮的主要作用是（）A.保K+排Na+B.保Na+排K+C.保Na+保K+D.保Na+排H+19.“入芝兰之室，久而不闻其香”描述的是感受器的哪种特性（）A.编码作用B.适应现象C.适宜刺激D.疲劳现象20.临床上较为多见的色盲是（）A.红色盲B.绿色盲C.黄色盲D.红绿色盲21.神经系统调节的基本方式是（）A.反应B.反射C.反馈D.适应22.关于兴奋性突触传递的叙述错误的是（）A.突触前轴突末梢去极化B.Ca2+由膜外进入突触前膜内C.突触小泡释放递质，并与突触后膜受体结合D.突触后膜对Na+、K+、Ca2+，特别是K+的通透性升高23.平衡鼓室内压和大气压的结构为（）A.蜗管B.蜗孔管C.圆窗D.咽鼓管24.“谈虎色变"是由于（）A.交感神经兴奋所致B.副交感神经兴奋所致C.第一信号系统的活动D.第二信号系统的活动25.婴幼儿时期甲状腺激素分泌不足可产生（）A.侏儒症B.呆小症C.糖尿病D.肢端肥大症26.妊娠早期维持黄体功能的主要激素是（）A.雌激素B.孕激素C.卵泡刺激素D.人绒毛膜促性腺激素27.关于正常女性基础体温的叙述错误的是（）A.排卵前先短暂降低，排卵后升高B.排卵后可升高约0.5度C.基础体温升高是判断排卵的唯一标志D.绝经后双向体温变化消失28.血浆清除率为零的物质是（）A.菊粉B.葡萄糖C.尿素D.肌酐29.可被阿托品阻断的受体是（）A.α受体B.β受体C.N型受体D.M型受体30.下列不属于正反馈调节的是（）A.血液凝固B.分娩C.降压反射D.排尿反射31.病理学对人体病变的诊断和研究方法常用的是（）A.尸体剖检、细胞学检查、免疫组织化学检查B.活体组织检查、免疫组织化学检查、细胞学检查C.细胞学检查、尸体剖检、电子显微镜检查D.活体组织检查、细胞学检查、尸体剖检32.肾萎缩但肾脏体积增大的情况可见于（）A.严重的肾积水B.慢性肾小球肾炎C.慢性肾盂肾炎D.原发性高血压晚期33.湿性坏疽的特点不包括（）A.坏死组织与周围正常组织分界不明显B.坏死组织中产生大量气体C.多发生于肺、子宫、阑尾等内脏D.腐败菌感染较重34.不属于凝固性坏死的病变是（）A.干酪样坏死B.肾梗死C.肝细胞嗜酸性小体D.脾梗死35.下列哪种细胞的再生能力最强（）A.消化道黏膜上皮细胞B.心肌细胞C.神经细胞D.肝细胞36.有关肉芽组织的叙述，下列哪项是错误的（）A.肉芽组织能够抗感染、保护创面B.肉芽组织能够填补创口及其他组织缺损C.肉芽组织能够机化或包裹坏死组织D.肉芽组织抗拉力强，能够保持组织器官的坚固性37.肉芽组织转化为瘢痕组织的过程中不会发生（）A.炎细胞数目减少、逐渐消失B.玻璃样变C.毛细血管增生D.成纤维细胞数目减少38.手术切口一期愈合7天左右拆线的病理学依据是（）A.伤口胶原的含量已达到足够的抗拉力强度B.伤口已收缩变小C.表皮再生已完全覆盖创面D.创口干燥无渗出39.透明血栓多发生于（）A.小动脉B.小静脉C.毛细血管D.较大的静脉40.脑动脉血栓栓塞患者的栓子多来自（）A.肠系膜静脉血栓B.下肢股静脉血栓C.右心房附壁血栓D.左心房附壁血栓41.有关梗死的叙述，下列哪项是错误的（）A.局部血液循环状态对梗死的发生没有影响B.有双重血液循环的器官不易发生梗死C.有效侧支循环的建立可防止梗死的发生D.动脉粥样硬化伴痉挛可促进梗死的发生42.急性炎症时局部组织肿胀的主要原因是（）A.血管内细胞和液体渗出进入组织内B.静脉阻塞C.组织增生D.动脉痉挛43.炎症时，下列哪项不具有防御作用（）A.血浆渗出B.纤维蛋白原渗出C.白细胞游出D.红细胞漏出44.假膜性炎是指（）A.皮肤的浆液性炎B.浆膜的化脓性炎C.浆膜的纤维素性炎D.黏膜的纤维素性炎45.有关肿瘤间质的观点哪一项不正确（）A.具有特异性B.与肿瘤的生长速度有关C.起支持、营养肿瘤实质的作用D.一般由结缔组织和血管组成46.肿瘤的异型性大，表明该肿瘤细胞（）A.分化程度高，恶性程度高B.分化程度低，恶性程度低C.分化程度低，恶性程度高D.分化程度可不一致，恶性程度可高可低47.交界性肿瘤是指（）A.发生于表皮与真皮交界处的肿瘤B.同时具有癌和肉瘤结构的肿瘤C.癌变前的肿瘤D.性质介于良性与恶性肿瘤之间的肿瘤48.关于心肌梗死的叙述，下列哪项是错误的（）A.病变多属于出血性梗死B.梗死区可有血栓形成C.梗死心肌层厚度不超过心室壁内侧1/3时称为心内膜下心肌梗死D.梗死多发生在左心室前壁及室间隔前2/3等部位49.急性感染性心内膜炎最常见的病原体是（）A.金黄色葡萄球菌B.绿脓杆菌C.肠球菌D.大肠杆菌50.大叶性肺炎患者缺氧最严重时发生在（）A.充血水肿期B.红色肝样变期C.灰色肝样变期D.溶解消散期51.慢性支气管炎的主要病理变化不包括（）A.黏膜纤毛柱状上皮变性、倒伏、脱落B.管壁肉芽肿形成C.黏膜下腺体增生肥大D.管壁淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润52.门脉性肝硬化时，假小叶的病理变化特点不包括（）A.出现肝细胞再生的结节B.广泛增生的纤维组织将肝小叶分割包绕形成大小不等的肝细胞团C.出现肝细胞大片坏死D.假小叶内中央静脉缺如、偏位或有两个以上53.急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎的电镜下形态特点是（）A.基底膜与脏层上皮细胞之间出现驼峰状沉积物B.脏层上皮细胞足突融合、消失C.基底膜增厚，呈虫蚀状破坏D.基底膜呈双轨状54.急进性肾小球肾炎的主要病变是（）A.肾球囊脏层上皮细胞增生B.毛细血管壁纤维素样坏死C.毛细血管内皮细胞增生D.肾球囊壁层上皮细胞增生55.慢性肾小球肾炎晚期肾小球最主要的病变是（）A.肾球囊壁层上皮细胞增生B.肾小球纤维化、玻璃样变C.肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞和系膜细胞增生D.肾小球周围纤维化56.下列关于急性肾盂肾炎的叙述中哪一项是错误的（）A.是肾盂黏膜和肾小球的增生性炎B.可形成大小不等的多发性脓肿C.多见于女性，多由上行性感染引起D.上行性感染时首先累及肾盂，下行性感染时首先累及肾皮质57.慢性子宫颈炎的大体形态可呈红色糜烂状，其病变本质多是（）A.子宫颈阴道部鳞状上皮坏死脱落，形成浅表的缺损B.子宫颈表面出血C.子宫颈损伤的鳞状上皮被子宫颈管黏膜柱状上皮增生下移取代D.子宫颈损伤的柱状上皮被子宫颈管黏膜鳞状上皮增生取代58.子宫颈原位癌累及腺体是指（）A.子宫颈腺体癌变B.子宫颈原位癌影响腺体分泌物排出C.子宫颈原位癌突破基底膜侵及腺体D.子宫颈原位癌细胞沿基底膜伸入腺体内，致腺管为癌细胞所取代，腺体基底膜完整59.伤寒肠道病变的好发部位是（）A.空肠B.回肠末段C.回盲部D.乙状结肠60.急性细菌性痢疾初期的结肠病变为（）A.卡他性炎B.浆液性炎C.假膜性炎D.出血性炎生理学部分二、填空题（每空0.5分，共8分）61〜64.可与肾上腺素结合的受体称为受体。
2017年河南普通专升本生理病理解剖学答案 _81-85
2017年河南省普通专升本考试《生理学、病理解剖学》真题答案一、选择题1.【精析】D负反馈指受控部分发出的反馈信息对控制部分的活动产生抑制作用，使控制部分的活动减弱，如减压反射、体温调节。
排尿过程、排便反射、血液凝固均属于正反馈。
2.【精析】A细胞膜上的蛋白质具有运输、催化、识别及免疫作用，载体蛋白的作用是运输功能，催化作用是催化性受体的作用，它属于信号转导过程中的信号传递蛋白，识别功能主要是膜蛋白受体的功能。
3.【精析】A细胞外K+浓度增大，使细胞内外的K+浓度差减小，从而使达到平衡时胞内外的电位差减小，即静息电位绝对值减小。
4.【精析】A当动作电位频率增加到一定程度时，由前后连续的两个动作电位所触发的两次收缩就有可能叠加起来，产生收缩的总和。
若后一次收缩过程叠加在前一次收缩过程的舒张期，所产生的收缩总和称为不完全强直收缩;若后一次收缩过程叠加在前一次收缩过程的收缩期，所产生的收缩总和则称为完全强直收缩。
5.【精析】D血浆渗透压由两部分组成：①血浆晶体渗透压，由血浆中小分子物质形成，80%来自Na+和Cl-由于晶体物质分子量小，溶质颗粒数较多，晶体渗透压约占血浆总渗透压的99.6%。
②血浆胶体渗透压，由血浆蛋白分子颗粒形成。
6.【精析】C血型是红细胞膜上特异凝集原(抗原)的类型。
人类有多个血型系统，与临床关系密切的是ABO 血型系统和Rh血型系统。
其中Rh血型分为两型，即Rh阳性和Rh阴性，我国汉族人口中99%的人为Rh阳性。
Rh血型系统没有天然的凝集素。
7.【精析】C阿司匹林的作用机制是使血小板内环氧化酶的活性部分乙酰化，使环氧化酶失活，从而抑制血栓烷A2(TXA2)生成，后者是血小板聚集的强诱导剂。
8.【精析】C心肌自律性的影响因素：①4期自动除极的速率;②最大复极电位和阈电位的水平。
心肌兴奋性的影响因素为:①静息电位和阈电位水平;②时通道的状态。
由此可知此题选C。
9.【精析】C心肌细胞在一次兴奋过程中的有效不应期可持续到舒张的早期。
2017年河南省普通高等学校专升本考试试题及答案
2017年河南省普通高等学校专升本考试试题及答案管理学一、选择题（每小题1分，共40分。
在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑）1.管理的核心是()A.处理组织内部资源的稀缺问题B.处理与组织外部的关系C.处理组织内部与组织外部的一致性关系D.处理各种人际关系2.首先提出目标管理的是()A.孔茨B.巴纳德C.德鲁克D.西蒙3.管理者必须因地制宜地将管理知识与具体管理活动相结合，这里强调的是()A.管理的科学性B.管理的艺术性C.管理学的历史性D.管理学的实用性4.管理层次产生的主要原因是()A.职能分工的要求B.部门划分的需要C.权责明确的需要D.管理宽度的限制5.有那样一些因素，如果得到满足则感到满意，得不到满足则没有满意感。
赫茨伯格将这类因素称为()A.保健因素B.精神因素C.物质因素D.激励因素6.下列按创新方式划分的领导类型是()A.民主式领导B.魅力型领导C.战略型领导D.事务型领导7.质量管理之父是()A.戴明和朱兰B.卢因C.马斯洛D.亚当斯8.管理人员选聘时不需要作为主要考虑标准的是()A.管理的欲望B.冒险的精神C.强健的体魄D.沟通的技能9.最早提出组织生命周期理论的是()A.葛瑞纳B.奎因C.卡梅隆D.佩罗10.内部招聘的最主要的缺点是()A.知识水平可能不够高B.引起同事不满C.要花很长时间重新了解企业状况D.有历史包袱，不能迅速展开工作11.规章制度属于企业文化中的()A.上层文化B.中层文化C.表层文化D.深层文化12.领导的核心是()A.协调B.能力C.控制D.权力13.头脑风暴法的创始人是心理学家()A.奥斯本B.西蒙C.纽曼D.卢桑斯14.科学管理理论是古典管理理论之一，科学管理的中心问题是()A.提高工人的劳动积极性B.提高劳动生产率C.制定科学的作业方法D.实行有差别的计件工资制15.在计划工作中，制定“弹性计划”是运用计划工作的()A.改变航道原理B.许诺原理C.限定因素原理D.灵活性原理16.以下和企业管理人员需要量无关的因素是()A.人员的流动率B.组织的规模C.企业的产品数量D.组织发展的需要17.我们通常所说的“小道消息”属于()A.下行沟通B.双向沟通C.非正式沟通D.用含蓄形式进行沟通18.质量处李处长在生产现场中发现一个工人没有按照作业规范操作，他立即上前去制止。
新乡医学院成人高等学历教育2017级第二学期
新乡医学院成人高等学历教育2017级第二学期新乡医学院成人高等学历教育2017级第二学期《临床病理解剖学》专升本试卷（B）姓名________________学号____________________注：1、本试卷共两页，全部为单项选择题，请用2B铅笔将正确选项涂在答题卡上。
2、每位考生的学号省去最前面两位数字“20”即为本人本次考试准考证号。
一、单项选择题（每题1分，共100分）1.已发育正常的实质细胞、组织或器官的体积缩小或实质细胞数量的减少称为（）A.萎缩B.肥大C.增生D.化生2.细胞水肿和脂肪变常发生在（）A.肺、脾、肾B.心、脾、肺C.心、肝、肾D.肝、肾、胃3.HE切片中见实质细胞的胞质内出现大小不等的圆形空泡，最大可能的病变是（）A.细胞水肿B.脂肪变C.玻璃样变性D.黏液样变4.下列病变中属于可逆性损伤的是（）A.液化性坏死B.细胞水肿D.凝固性坏死5.皮肤瘢痕组织的本质是（）A.细胞内玻璃样变B.淀粉样变C.凝固性坏死D.纤维结缔组织玻璃样变6.细胞坏死的主要形态学标志是（）A.细胞质变性B.细胞核的变化C.细胞器损伤D.细胞膜损伤7.下列器官中容易发生干性坏疽的是（）A.肺B.四肢C.心肌D.子宫8.下列哪种细胞再生能力最弱（）A.消化道黏膜上皮细胞B.血细胞C.肝细胞D.心肌细胞9.肉芽组织内发挥抗感染作用的主要成分是（）A.毛细血管内皮细胞B.肌成纤维细胞C.成纤维细胞D.炎细胞10.肉眼观不健康肉芽组织的标志是（）A.伤口湿润B.分泌物少D.苍白、水肿状、颗粒分布不均11.心力衰竭细胞是指慢性肺淤血时巨噬细胞的胞质内含有（）A.脂褐素B.含铁血黄素C.尘埃D.黑色素12.在血栓形成过程中起核心作用的是（）A.血小板凝集B.血流缓慢C.涡流形成D.混合血栓形成13.下肢手术后长期卧床患者下肢静脉血栓形成易引起（）A.肺静脉栓塞B.肠系膜动脉栓塞C.肺动脉栓塞D.门静脉栓塞14.临床上最常见的栓塞类型是（）A.血栓栓塞B.脂肪栓塞C.羊水栓塞D.气体栓塞15.微循环内最常见的血栓是（）A.透明血栓B.白色血栓C.红色血栓D.混合血栓16.减压病实际上是（）A.血栓栓塞B.脂肪栓塞D.气体栓塞17.引起梗死最常见的原因是（）A.血管受压B.血栓形成C.动脉痉挛D.动脉闭塞18.具有血管系统的活体组织对损伤因子所发生的以防御为主的反应称为（）A.增生B.渗出C.变质D.炎症19.过敏性炎症组织内浸润的炎细胞主要是（）A.淋巴细胞B.嗜酸性粒细胞C.巨噬细胞D.中性粒细胞20.蜂窝织炎的本质是（）A.浆液性炎B.纤维素性炎C.出血性炎D.化脓性炎21.假膜性炎的特征性渗出物是（）A.浆液B.纤维素C.中性粒细胞D.淋巴细胞22.阑尾最常发生的炎症是（）A.蜂窝织炎B.脓肿C.浆液性炎D.纤维素性炎23.皮肤表面疖和痈的本质是（）A.浆液性炎B.假膜性炎C.化脓性炎D.出血性炎24.趋化作用是指（）A.白细胞靠边B.白细胞附壁C.白细胞游出D.白细胞定向运动25.肉芽肿中具有诊断意义的细胞是（）A.巨噬细胞B.淋巴细胞C.浆细胞D.中性粒细胞26.葡萄球菌感染的炎症灶内最常见的细胞是（）A.中性粒细胞B.嗜酸粒细胞C.淋巴细胞D.浆细胞27.下列形态的肿块中癌可能性最大的是（）A.分叶状B.溃疡状伴浸润C.息肉状D.结节状28.下列肿瘤中生物学行为属于恶性的是（）A.血管瘤B.淋巴瘤C.平滑肌瘤D.脂肪瘤29.原位癌是指（）A.上皮内瘤变B.重度非典型增生C.累及上皮全层的癌D.累及上皮全层的癌，但未突破基底膜向下浸润30.临床上恶性肿瘤分级、分期越高则（）A.患者的预后越差B.患者的预后越好C.肿瘤恶性程度越低D.对预后无影响31.癌肉瘤是（）A.既有癌又有肉瘤成分的肿瘤B.腺上皮发生的恶性肿瘤C.鳞状上皮发生的恶性肿瘤D.间叶组织发生的恶性肿瘤32.肿瘤血道转移最常累及的器官是（）A.肺和脾B.肝和肾C.脾和肝D.肝和肺33.良、恶性肿瘤的根本区别在于（）A.肿瘤细胞的异型性B.有无坏死、出血C.肿瘤的生长方式D.肿瘤的生长部位34.不属于癌前病变的是（）A.黏膜白斑B.乳腺纤维腺瘤C.结肠绒毛状腺瘤D.慢性萎缩性胃炎35.起源于上皮组织的恶性肿瘤称为（）A.癌B.类癌C.癌症D.肉瘤36.恶性肿瘤常见的转移途径不包括（）A.种植性转移B.淋巴道转移C.血道转移D.直接蔓延37.广泛存在于霉变食物中的化学致癌物是（）A.多环芳烃B.致癌的芳香胺类C.亚硝胺类物质D.黄曲霉菌38.大多数恶性肿瘤常见的生长方式是（）A.膨胀性生长B.外生性生长C.浸润性生长D.内翻性生长39.高血压病血管壁的玻璃样变主要发生在（）A.大动脉B.中动脉C.小动脉D.细动脉40.高血压性心脏病代偿期的特征是（）A.左心室向心性肥大B.左心室扩张C.心壁肉柱扁平D.心肌纤维化41.心肌梗死属于（）A.液化性坏死B.凝固性坏死C.纤维素性坏死D.干性坏疽42.二尖瓣狭窄可引起（）A.梨形心B.靴形心C.球形心D.虎斑心43.心肌梗死的好发部位（）A.左室侧壁B.室间隔C.左室后壁D.左室前壁及心尖部44.动脉粥样硬化脂纹中的主要细胞成分是（）A.平滑肌细胞B.淋巴细胞C.泡沫细胞D.巨噬细胞45.冠状动脉粥样硬化最常受累的动脉分支是（）A.左主干B.左前降支C.左回旋支D.右主干46.风湿性心肌炎的特征性病变是（）A.心肌肥大B.心肌萎缩C.风湿小体形成D.心肌细胞坏死47.风湿病常见的联合瓣膜损害是（）A.二尖瓣和肺动脉瓣B.二尖瓣和三尖瓣C.二尖瓣和主动脉瓣D.主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣48.动脉粥样硬化形成的危险因素不包括（）A.LDL水平持续升高B.HDL水平持续升高C.大量吸烟D.高血压49.慢性支气管炎黏膜上皮容易发生的化生是（）A.肠上皮化生B.间叶组织化生C.鳞状上皮化生D.杯状上皮化生50.最常引起慢性肺源性心脏病的是（）A.支气管哮喘B.肺结核病C.支气管扩张症D.慢性支气管炎51.引起肺心病的关键环节是（）A.小气道阻塞B.肺部感染C.肺动脉高压D.肺间质纤维组织增生52.肺炎通常指肺的急性（）A.渗出性炎B.变质性炎C.出血性炎D.化脓性炎53.典型小叶性肺炎的性质是（）A.出血性炎B.慢性炎症C.纤维素性炎D.化脓性炎54.慢性阻塞性肺气肿最主要的并发症是（）A.肺脓肿B.肺癌C.肺肉质变D.肺源性心脏病55.病毒性肺炎常为（）A.大叶性病变B.小叶性病变C.间质性肺炎D.肺泡性肺炎56.大叶性肺炎的四期病变中临床症状和体征逐渐减轻、消失的是（）A.充血水肿期B.溶解消散期C.红色肝样变期D.灰色肝样变期57.下述脏器中易发生出血性梗死的器官是（）A.心B.肾C.肺D.脾58.慢性消化性溃疡最好发生的部位是（）A.胃小弯近幽门部B.十二指肠球部C.胃与十二指肠D.胃体部59.胃溃疡病最常见的并发症是（）A.出血B.幽门梗阻C.穿孔D.癌变60.桥接坏死常见于（）A.急性普通型肝炎B.轻度慢性肝炎C.中、重度慢性肝炎D.重型肝炎61.我国引起门脉性肝硬化最常见的原因是（）A.慢性酒精中毒B.病毒性肝炎C.药物中毒D.营养不良62.肝硬化最严重的并发症是（）A.黄疸B.腹水C.肝性脑病D.痔静脉曲张63.假小叶常见于（）A.慢性肝炎B.慢性肝淤血C.肝癌D.肝硬化64.与幽门螺杆菌感染关系密切的肿瘤是（）A.鼻咽癌C.子宫颈癌D.胃腺癌65.病毒性肝炎患者肝细胞气球样变的本质是（）A.细胞水肿B.脂肪变性C.玻璃样变D.黏液样变66.慢性萎缩性胃炎胃黏膜出现杯状细胞称为（）A.肥大B.腺性化生C.肠上皮化生D.增生67.恶性肿瘤患者的主要死亡原因是（）A.肿瘤扩散B.继发感染C.继发出血D.营养不良68.与乙型肝炎病毒HBV感染关系密切的肿瘤是（）A.鼻咽癌B.肝细胞癌C.子宫颈癌D.胃癌69.槟榔肝主要见于（）A.脂肪肝B.肝硬化C.慢性肝炎D.慢性肝淤血70.食管高分化鳞癌镜下最重要的标志是（）A.癌巢C.角化珠和细胞间桥D.淋巴细胞71.目前临床检测肝细胞癌的肿瘤标志物是（）A.CEAB.AFPC.CA19-9D.酸性磷酸酶72.中晚期溃疡型食管癌的主要形态特征是（）A.形成明显的环形狭窄B.形成较深的溃疡缺损C.如蘑菇状突入管腔D.灰白色质地较软73.腰痛、肾区肿块、无痛性血尿是对何病变具有诊断意义的三个典型症状（）A.肾盂肾炎B.肾脓肿C.肾细胞癌D.膀胱癌74.新月体性肾小球肾炎中新月体的主要成分是（）A.球囊壁层上皮细胞和单核细胞B.球囊脏层上皮细胞C.系膜细胞D.毛细血管内皮细胞75.慢性硬化性肾小球肾炎的肾脏呈（）A.大红肾B.颗粒性固缩肾C.大白肾D.大瘢痕性固缩肾76.急性肾小球肾炎的肾脏呈（）A.大红肾B.颗粒性固缩肾C.大白肾D.大瘢痕性固缩肾77.急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎中增生的细胞主要是（）A.肾小球球囊壁层上皮细胞B.肾小球球囊脏层上皮细胞C.肾小球间质细胞D.肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞及系膜细胞78.不属于肾病综合征的表现是（）A.蛋白尿B.血尿C.严重水肿D.高脂血症79.急性肾盂肾炎的基本病变是（）A.化脓性炎B.变态反应性炎C.增生性炎D.纤维素性炎80.乳腺癌常见的转移途径是（）A.直接蔓延B.淋巴道转移C.血道转移D.种植性转移81.子宫颈上皮内瘤变是指（）A.鳞化B.鳞状上皮不典型增生和原位癌C.原位癌D.鳞状上皮增生82.子宫颈癌常见的组织学类型是（）A.鳞状细胞癌B.小细胞癌C.腺鳞癌D.腺癌83.一年轻女性患者出现停经后阴道不规则出血，刮宫见宫腔内大量水泡样物，镜检为胎盘绒毛和增生的滋养层细胞，该患者最可能的病变是（）A.宫外孕B.葡萄胎C.绒毛膜癌D.侵袭性葡萄胎84.下列肿瘤病因中与HPV感染关系密切的肿瘤是（）A.鼻咽癌B.肝细胞癌C.子宫颈癌D.胃癌85.滋养层细胞肿瘤不包括（）A.鳞状细胞癌B.葡萄胎C.绒毛膜癌D.侵袭性葡萄胎86.卵巢出现的转移性粘液癌（Krukenberg瘤）绝大多数来源于（）A.肝癌转移B.胃癌转移C.肺癌转移D.宫颈癌转移87.乳腺癌中最常见的组织学类型是（）A.浸润性小叶癌B.髓样癌C.黏液癌D.浸润性导管癌88.结核病最常见和最重要的传播途径是（）A.消化道B.呼吸道C.血制品D.接触89.临床上称为开放性肺结核的是（）A.原发性肺结核病B.局灶型肺结核病C.肺结核球D.慢性纤维空洞型肺结核90.结核病的特征性病变是（）A.变质B.渗出C.增生D.干酪样坏死和结核结节91.淋巴结结核最常发生的部位是（）A.颌下淋巴结B.颈淋巴结C.腋窝淋巴结D.腹股沟淋巴结92.结核结节的主要细胞成分是（）A.巨噬细胞B.淋巴细胞C.成纤维细胞D.上皮样细胞93.肠阿米巴病形成的溃疡病变特点为（）A.不规则的地图样溃疡B.烧瓶状溃疡C.巨大溃疡D.圆形溃疡94.细菌性痢疾的肠道典型病变为（）A.浆液性炎B.纤维素性炎C.肉芽肿性炎D.蜂窝织性炎95.下列肠道病变中最易引起穿孔的是（）A.细菌性痢疾B.伤寒C.肠结核D.阿米巴痢疾96.坏死组织中形成的钙化光镜下形态呈（）A.黑色碳末样B.灰白色颗粒状C.蓝色颗粒状D.棕黄色颗粒状97.蛛网膜下腔有大量中性粒细胞渗出多发生于（）A.结核性脑膜炎B.流行性脑脊髓膜炎C.流行性乙型脑炎D.脑膜瘤98.对于淋巴结肿大患者，淋巴结转移癌的诊断依据是淋巴结中（）A.出现坏死B.淋巴细胞数量减少C.出现癌巢D.出现异型细胞99.食管癌等恶性肿瘤最主要的特征是（）A.核分裂多见B.瘤细胞丰富C.浸润性生长和转移D.常见出血、坏死100.目前临床上诊断肿瘤常用而可靠的方法是（）A.细胞学检查B.磁共振检查C.活体组织检查D.CT检查。
2024年河南省成考(专升本)生理学病理解剖学考试真题含解析
2024年河南省成考（专升本）生理学病理解剖学考试真题一、选择题1、急性炎症时，局部肿胀是由于______A.增生B.组织坏死C.渗出D.代谢增强2、引起组织毛细血管交替开放的物质是()A.组胺B.乙酰胆碱C.局部代谢产物D.激u肽3、以下能抑制唾液分泌的因素是()A.交感神经兴奋B.副交感神经兴奋C.食物的形状D.阿托品4、肾炎患者的原尿和正常人相比成分差别较大的是______A.尿素B.蛋白质C.葡萄糖D.氯化钠5、高血压病脑出血最常见的部位是______A.小脑B.内囊和基底节C.蛛网膜下腔D.大脑白质6、神经-肌接头处的神经递质是______A.肾上腺素B.乙酰胆碱C.氨基丁酸D.5-羟色胺7、在突触传递过程中，兴奋性突触后电位产生的机制是______A.钙离子内流B.氯离子内流C.钠离子内流D.钾离子内流8、不符合淤血的描述是()A.可引起出血B.可引起实质细胞增生C.可引起器官硬化D.可引起器官水肿9、副交感神经节后纤维的递质是()A.去甲肾上腺素B.乙酰胆碱C.5-羟色胺D.多巴胺10、创伤愈合过程中胶原纤维在哪一天开始()A.1—2天B.3—4天C.5—6天D.7—10天11、肾梗死周围可见充血、出血带，其形成原因是()A.淤血性出血B.炎性充血C.漏出性出血D.破裂性出血12、肿瘤的实质是指()A.神经组织B.纤维组织C.血管D.肿瘤细胞13、舞蹈病的病变部位主要在()A.中脑黑质B.小脑C.新纹状体D.下丘脑14、下列选项中，可以导致巨幼细胞贫血的是______A.铁摄入不足B.蛋白质摄入不足C.维生素B12不足D.促红细胞生成素不足15、移行细胞癌最常见的好发部位是()A.肾盂B.输尿管C.膀胱三角区D.膀胱前壁16、胃黏膜处于高酸和胃蛋白酶的环境中，却并不被消化，是由于存在着自我保护机制，称为()A.黏液屏障B.碳酸氢盐屏障C.黏液凝胶层保护D.黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障17、下列能使尿量减少的情况是______A．静脉滴注葡萄糖B．静脉滴注抗利尿激素C．静脉滴注甘露醇D．静脉滴注生理盐水18、在骨骼肌兴奋-收缩耦联过程中起关键作用的离子是______A．钾离子B．钙离子C．钠离子D．氯离子19、下列关于肉芽组织的叙述，正确的是______A.组织细胞增生为主的结节状病灶B.局灶性炎性息肉C.局灶性炎性假瘤D.以新生毛细血管和成纤维细胞增生为主20、哮喘病人呼吸频率加快的原因是______A．动脉血中PO2升高B．动脉血中H+浓度升高C．动脉血中PCO2升高D．动脉血中浓度升高21、内源性凝血途径中首先被激活的凝血因子是______A．因子工B．因子ⅡC．因子XD．因子Ⅻ22、氨基酸进入红细胞膜是属于()A.单纯扩散B.主动运输C.易化扩散D.吞饮23、肺鳞癌主要起源于()A.大支气管黏膜上皮细胞B.支气管壁腺体黏膜上皮细胞C.细支气管上皮细胞D.肺泡上皮细胞24、组织、细胞代谢障碍所引起的可逆性损伤称为()A.变性B.坏死C.梗死D.钙化25、下列描述中，哪一项是错误的______A.风湿性心内膜炎最常累及二尖瓣B.疣状心内膜炎赘生物不易脱落C.风湿性心肌炎可导致心肌纤维化D.风湿性心外膜炎可导致心包粘连26、兴奋性突触后电位的特点______A.具有全或无性质B.其幅度与递质释放量成正比C.不易受药物影响D.有不应期27、下列有关大叶性肺炎的描述哪项不正确()A.多见于青壮年患者左肺或右肺下叶B.充血水肿期肺泡腔内有大量的红细胞，形成铁锈色痰C.红色肝样变期临床表现最明显，缺氧最重D.中性粒细胞渗出过少时可并发肺肉质变28、肉芽组织与肉芽肿的区别是()A.组成成分不同B.最终结局不同C.是否由急性转化而来D.是否为慢性炎症29、心指数等于()A.心率×搏出量/体表面积B.心率×搏出量×体表面秋C.每搏输出量/体表面积D.心输出量×体表面积30、慢性肺源性心脏病的最常见病因是______A．肺结核病B．慢性支气管哮喘C．慢性支气管扩张症D．慢性支气管炎31、实验中给麻醉的家兔使用阿托品阻断M受体后，可导致家兔出现______A.瞳孔缩小B.胃肠运动增强C.心脏功能减弱D.呼吸道分泌物减少32、有关胆汁的描述，不正确的是______A．由胆囊分泌B．不含消化酶C．由肝细胞分泌D．可促进脂肪的吸收33、大最出汗时尿量的减少主要是由于()A.血浆晶体渗透压升高引起的血管升压素分泌增多B.血浆胶体渗透压升高引起的血管升压素分泌增多C.血容量减少导致的肾小球滤过率下降D.血容量减少引起的醛固酮分泌增多34、细菌进入血中并大量繁殖，同时引起全身中毒症状,称之为()A.菌血症B.脓毒血症C.毒血症D.败血症35、食管癌导致全身消瘦的萎缩类型是______A．压迫性萎缩B．内分泌性萎缩C．去神经性萎缩D．全身营养不良性萎缩36、葡萄糖在肾小管被重吸收的主要部位是______A．髓袢降支细段B．近端小管C．远曲小管D．髓袢升支粗段37、大红肾，蚤咬肾是下列哪种肾脏疾病的肉眼观______A.急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎B.系膜细胞肾小球肾炎C.毛细血管内皮细胞肾小球肾炎D.毛细血管外皮细胞肾小球肾炎38、静脉输液后，循环血量增多，反射性抑制抗利尿激素的感受器是______ A．下丘脑晶体渗透压感受器B．左心房和腔静脉处容量感受器C．颈动脉窦和主动脉弓压力感受器D．颈动脉体和主动脉体化学感受器39、在科学研究中，将神经纤维置于高K+溶液中，静息电位将会______A.增大B.先增大后减小C.减小D.先减小后增大40、进食后，胰岛素分泌增加的主要因素是______A.交感神经兴奋B.血糖浓度升高C.生长抑素增加D.糖皮质激素增加41、黄体在排卵后可分泌大量的______A．LHB．FSHC．人绒毛膜促性腺激素D．雌激素、孕激素42、食物的特殊动力最强的是______A.糖B.脂肪C.蛋白质D.维生素43、下列有关急性肾炎综合征表现的描述，错误的是______A.脂尿B.血尿C.少尿D.蛋白尿44、人体胰岛素的主要来源是______A．胰岛A细胞B．胰岛B细胞C．胰岛D细胞D．胰岛PP细胞45、下列描述中，哪一项是错误的()A.风湿性关节炎不会导致关节畸形B.风湿性心内膜炎的赘生物不易脱落C.风湿性心内膜炎最常累及二尖瓣和主动脉瓣D.风湿性心包炎可导致心包粘连46、下列选项中，不属于视近物调节的是______A.瞳孔缩小B.晶状体调节C.辐辏反射D.瞳孔对光反射47、判断良、恶性肿瘤的主要依据是______A.生长方式B.组织来源C.有无胞膜D.异型性的大小48、下列选项中左心室容积最大的是哪个期______A.快速射血期末B.减慢射血期末C.快速充盈期末D.心房收缩期末49、关于萎缩，下述哪项叙述是不正确的______A.脊髓灰质炎患儿的下肢肌肉萎缩属于去神经性萎缩B.脑积水后引起的脑组织萎缩属于压迫性萎缩C.久病卧床引起的患肢肌肉萎缩属于失用性萎缩D.只要是器官、组织或细胞的体积缩小就是萎缩50、维持胸内负压的必要条件是()A.呼吸肌收缩B.呼吸肌舒张C.胸膜腔的密闭D.胸腔扩张51、可兴奋细胞受到阈下刺激时，出现()A.局部电位B.阈电位C.锋电位D.正后电位52、氧气与二氧化碳在血液中运输时的主要化学结合的形式是______A.HbO2、碳酸氢盐B．HbO2、HbCO2C．物理溶解、HbCO2D．HbO2、物理溶解53、下列哪项不是淤血的后果()A.水肿，出血B.实质细胞萎缩、变性和坏死C.间质纤维组织增生D.小静脉和毛细血管扩张充血54、慢性支气管炎早期相对特征性病变为()A.上皮细胞变性坏死B.黏液腺增生肥大C.纤维结缔组织增生D.软骨和平滑肌损伤55、下列属于良性肿瘤的是______A．髓母细胞瘤B．肾母细胞瘤C．神经母细胞瘤D．软骨母细胞瘤56、下列关于动作电位的描述，正确的是______A.可以总和B.不衰减传导C.没有不应期D.没有“全或无”的现象57、肾梗死周围可见充血、出血带，其形成原因是______A.淤血性出血B.炎性充血C.漏出性出血D.破裂性出血58、成人突然进入寒冷环境时，机体增加产热的主要方式是______A.基础代谢产热B.褐色脂肪产热C.战栗产热/寒冷产热D.食物特殊动力效应59、外周阻力主要由什么因素决定______A.红细胞的数目B.血液黏稠度C.微动脉的口径D.血管长度60、中心静脉压的高低取决于下列哪项关系()A.血管容量和血量B.动脉血压和静脉血压C.心脏射血能力和静脉回心血量D.心脏射血能力和外周阻力61、动脉血压在80~180mmHg范围内波动时，肾血流量能保持不变，这是由于()A.肾血流量的自身调节B.神经调节C.体液调节D.神经和体液共同调节62、下列哪项不是肝硬化时门脉高压症的临床表现()A.食管静脉曲张B.肝大C.脾大D.胃肠淤血、水肿63、月经期的形成是由于()A.血中孕激素水平升高B.血中雌激素水平升高C.血中雌激素和孕激素水平均升高D.血中雌激素和孕激素水平均降低64、对葡萄糖具有重吸收能力的是()A.近端小管B.远曲小管C.集合管D.以上全是65、突触后膜与GABA结合后的电位变化______A.兴奋性超大化B.兴奋性突触后电位，产生阈电位，总和达到动作电位C.抑制性突触后电位，产生阈电位，总和达到动作电位D.抑制性突触后电位，使突触后膜抑制66、在静息状态时，当K+达到平衡，细胞______A．K+净外流为零B．膜外K+浓度大于膜内C．膜两侧电位差为零D．膜两侧K+浓度差为零67、下列关于条件反射的特点，哪种说法是正确的______A．非条件反射是后天形成的B．条件反射是在非条件反射的基础上形成的C．条件反射是与生俱来的能力D．条件反射的产生不需要学习68、下列有关动脉粥样硬化继发性病变的描述，错误的是______A．钙化B．血栓形成C．斑块内出血D．血管瘤形成69、构成细胞性硅结节的主要细胞是______A.成纤维细胞B.血管内皮细胞C.纤维细胞D.吞噬硅尘的巨噬细胞70、血浆中，形成血浆晶体渗透压的是______A.氯化钠B.白蛋白C.球蛋白D.氯化钾71、乳腺癌最常见的病理组织学类型是()A.浸润性导管癌B.髓样癌C.浸润性小叶癌D.胶样癌72、下列哪项不符合出血性梗死的条件()A.多发生于组织结构致密的器官B.器官组织严重淤血C.动脉血流阻断D.组织充血水肿73、急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎尿的改变是()A.脓尿、菌尿B.大量蛋白尿C.多尿、夜尿D.血尿、少尿74、使食糜与消化液充分混合主要靠小肠的______A.蠕动B.分节运动C.伸展运动D.紧张收缩75、引起炎症最常见的因素是()A.物理性因子B.化学性因子C.生物性因子D.变态反应76、急性感染性心内膜炎最常见的致病菌是______ A．大肠杆菌B．草绿色链球菌C．金黄色葡萄球菌D．乙型溶血性链球菌77、下列属于负反馈的是______A.排尿B.胃蛋白酶原激活C.动作电位的去极化D.甲状腺激素对促甲状腺激素的调节78、在中脑上、下丘之间切断动物脑干,可出现()A.肢体痉挛麻痹B.α-僵直C.去皮层僵直D.去大脑僵直79、动脉粥样硬化脂纹期病变特点是______A.纤维帽形成B.斑块形成C.泡沫细胞形成D.血栓形成80、小肠特有的运动形式是______A.分节运动B.蠕动冲C.集团蠕动D.袋状往返运动二、填空题81、在呼吸运动调节中，中枢化学感受器的适宜刺激是_____;缺氧兴奋呼吸是通过刺激_____化学感受器引起。
2017河南专升本英语真题及答案解析
河南省2016 年普通高等学校专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试公共英语Part I VoCabUIary and StrUCtUre ( 1 X 40 )Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourChoiCes marked A, B, C and D. Choose the oNE that best CompIetes the sentenCe, and then yoU shoUId mark the Corresponding Ietter on the Answer Sheet.-1. Jane hadn't been to London before. _____ had her hUsband.A. NeitherB. EitherC. SoD. or2. No sooner had he arrived in Rome ____ he heard of the good news.A. whenB. thanC. thenD. UntiI3. I 'm for the sUggestion that a speCiaI board _____ to eXamine the probIem.A. be set UpB. wiII be set UpC.mUst be set UpD.has to be set Up4. The disabIed ChiIdren need many things, bUt _ , they need Iove.A. first of aIIB.not at aIIC.after aIID. AII in aII5. The CoaI indUstry in the north of China is now bareIy haIf its __ size.A. FormaIB.formerC.IatterD. Iater6. The footbaII pIayer is hoping to __ to another team soon.A. TransferB.transportC.transpIantD. transaCt7. __ the garden, the oId man went to have a rest.A. Having been wateredB. WateringC. Having wateredD. Being watered8. Her ___ to the job Ieft her with very IittIe free time.A. devotionB.faithC.trUstD.interest9. The ChiIdren have been __ sinCe their father Ieft.A.oUt of styIeB.Under ControIC.oUt of ControID.in styIe10. It is reported ___ great Changes have been made with the appIiCation of the new poIiCy.A.whiChB. thatC. whiIeD.what11. The manager promised to keep me ___ of how the projeCt was going on.A. be informedB. InformedC. informrming12. He announced that the company had been transferred to city. A. anotherB. othersC. the otherD.one another13. A great cheer went up from the crowd as they caught ___ of the hero. A. visionB. viewC. sightD.glance14. Physics ____ my favorite subject when I studied in the university. A. Were B.was C.is D.are 15.__ we can succeed or not depends on how well we cooperate with others.A. ThenB. ThusC. WhatD. Whether16. 1 will lend you the book ____ you return it to me in time. A. on condition thatB. in caseC. in order thatD. so that17. Mr.Brown is supposed to ___ A. be leaving B.have left18. -Did you enjoy the TV program last night?-No, ____ not. A. particularly B.obviously yesterday because it wasn't such a good dinner she had promised us.we have found.for Italy last month.C.leaveD.have been leftC.surprisinglyD.normally19. We are disappointedA. likeB. asC. whichD.what20. She walked along the path, ____ A. following B. follow21. She insisted that the scats in the theaterher daughter close behind. C. to followD. was followedin advance to insure a better view. A. booked B. be bookedC. arc booked 22. We are sometimes____ ofselfishnessgenerous in personality.A. miserableB. GreedyC. guiltyD. sorryD. were to bookin our lives,though we arc mostlyon the exam. A. cheated B.cheating C. cheatD. to cheat24. There is a lot of evidence ___ to much stress is partly responsible for the disease. A. what B. which C. As D.that25. “ _____ everyone's here,she said, “ let's beginto discuss the solutionto the problems23. The teacher doesn't allow his studentsA. As far asB. Now thatC. So farD.By far26. Most computer users are ____ threat from computer viruses.A. withinB. uponC. towardsD.under27. No matter how _________ , it's impossible that he has never lost money.A. a businessman smart isB. a businessman is smartC. smart is a businessmanD. smart a businessman is28. David told the truth ____ to annoy her, and she was angry for being betrayed by her goodfriend.A. on purposeB.in needC. in detailD.at all29. The classroom is quite clean ____ some waste paper on the floor.A. except forB.besidesC.exceptD.without30. The bad weather ____ the building program by several weeks.A. went onB.put onC.set backD.built up31. They naturally hope that their choice of the play will be ____ w ith the school and parents.A. pleasingB. welcomeC. kindD. popular32. __________________________ These two pictures are so that it 's very difficult to tell them apart.A. exactB. familiarC. likelyD. Similar33. __________________________________ These tickets for the performance are until the end of the month.A. acceptableB. AvailableC. AdvisableD. applicable34. __________ Please the water tap when you have finished your washing.A. turn onB. turn oftC. turn outD. turn over35. Don't associate with bad boys ___your whole life will be ruined.A. orB. ButC. andD. so that36.I shall have a companion in the house after all these ____ years.A. aloneB. lonelyC. singleD. simple37. You ____ if you had had higher score in the examination.A. must have got scholarshipB. would have got scholarshipC. should get scholarshipD. had got scholarship38. __________________________ The bank has established in many big cities in the world.A. partsB. twigsC. benchesD. branches39. While studying he financially depended his wife.A. onB. ofC. toD. from40.only in this way ____ out of the plan.A. you can talk him C. him you can talkB. can you talk him D. him can you talkPart II Close (1x20)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did thecritics like the new play? 41 an event takes place, newspapers arc on the streets 42 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, imports are on the spot to 43 the news.Newspapers have one basic 44 . to get the news as quickly as possible from its source,from those who make it to those who want to 45 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 46 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines andother means of communication. 47 , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 48 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 49 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers 50 of the latest news, today's newspapers 51 and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices 52 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 53 .Newspapers are sold at a price that54 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main 55 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 56in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers. This 57 in terms of circulation. How many people read thenewspaper? Circulation depends 58 on the work of the circulation department and on theservices or entertainment 59 in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information 60 the community, city, country, state, nation, and world-and even outer space.41. A. Just when B.While C.Soon after D.Before42. A.to give B.giving C.given D.being given43. A.gather B. sPread C.carry D.bring44. A.reason B.cause C.Problem D.PurPose45. A.make B.Publish C.know D.write46. A.another B.other C.one another D.the other47. A.However B.And C.Therefore D.So48. A.value B.ratio C. rate D.sPeed49. A.sPread B.Passed C.Printed Pleted50. rm B.be informed C.to be informed rmed51. A.entertain B.encourage cate D.edit52. A.on B. Through C.with D.of53. A.forms B.eXistence C.contents D.PurPose54.A.tries to cover B.manages to cover C.fails to cover D.succeeds55.A.source B.origin C.course D.finance56.A.way B.means C.chance D.success57.A.measures B.measured C.is measured D.was measured58.A.somewhat B.little C.much D.something59.A.offering B.offered C.which offered D.to be offe60.A.by B.with C.at D.aboutPart In Reading ComPrehension ( 2 X 20 )Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or incomPlete statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice, and mark the corresPonding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage1Many Post-80s couPles are comPlaining that going to the movies, shoPPing or attending Parties have become imPossible since their kids were born. That's the way most Parents are living their lives, no weekends of their own, no time to visit friends, not even a chance of Promotion in their jobs.Asking help from their parents might be a way out,but problems are that some aging parents arc not strong enough to take care of the kids, and that the kids may also become too spoiled by their grandparents.Then, here comes a solution: families with kids can form a small group, and parents of each family can take turns to look after all the kids in this group on weekends. Thus, other parents can have some quiet time and feel free to do something they've been planning for a long time. At the same time, the kids can make new friends and won' t be hanging around their parents all day long. This is baby-pooling.61.Many post-80s couples can't go to the movies, shop or attend parties because ____A .they have to look after their kids B. they have to look after their parentsC. they are busy with their workD. they have no money 62.In paragraph 2, “ a way out ” means .A. out of dateB. a solutionC. without questionD. a complaint63. A ccording to the last paragraph, the solution to the problem of post-80s couples isthat ____ .A. families with kids form a small groupB. they ask their aging parentsC. they give up their jobsD. they lake their kids wherever they go64. What is( are) the advantage(s) of baby-pooling?A. The parents can have much more free time.B. The kids can make new friends.C. The kids won't be hanging around their parents all day long.D. All of the above.65. The passage mainly discusses ___ ?A. post-80s couples and their friendsB. post-80s couples and baby-poolingC. post-80s couples and their parentsD. kids and their grandparentsPassage2It is a terrible illustration of man ' s weakness to nature .and the tsunami(^^) that struck the Japanese coast in March. 2011 has illustrated the difficulty of fighting against natural disasters, even for a prosperous nation.Totally preventing tsunami-damage is impossible. But there is much that can be done to damage and loss of life. Measures that can be taken include designing solid buildings, anddeveloping early-warming systems, public education programs and evacuation（拔散）strategics.Moreover, the approach of a tsunami is possibly picked up by the sensors of complicated for help minimizeinternational warming systems. Countries can use radio and television broadcasts as well as loudspeaker networks to warn the public.But an early warming system depends on how far the tsunami strikes, if it's close by, thewarning system is not going to be very effective. Whenpeople are faced with an unstoppable force like a tsunami the massive waves created by events like underwater earthquakes, the best course of action for them is lo get inland and to the higher ground as quickly as possible.66. ______________________________ T he first paragraph tells us that .A. man can easily defeat the natureB. tsunamis take place only in JapanC. man's ability to cope with natural disasters is limitedD. the tsunami-damage in Japan is not so terrible67. _________________________________________________________________ To prevent tsunami-damage, the following measures can be taken EXCEPT _________________________________A. designing firm buildings 、B. developing early-warning systemsC. developing evacuation strategicsD. keeping the public unaware of the seriousness of tsunamis68. ____________________________________________________________ According to the passage , which of the following can cause a tsunami ______________________________________ ?A. Storms.B. Massive waves.C. Underwater earthquakes.D. Floods69. _________________________________________________________ When a tsunami happens, the best course of action for people is to ________________________________________ .A.listen to radio and television broadcasts for informationB. get inland and to the higher ground as quickly as possibleC. stay where they areD. rely on the warning systemsPassage 3Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster,population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition （营养不良）andheal-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk,who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr.a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, whostudies disaster tre nds, said the Forum's report was “ a methodological embarrassment” because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economicdevelopment in vulnerable （易受伤害的）regions. Dr. Pielke said that climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention. “ But the report, he said, ''will harm thecause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed （有瑕疵的）. ”However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners whosupervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of moneyfrom rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change arc occurring in poor countries, according to the report.71. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?A. Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B. Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.C. Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D. Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.72. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?A.It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B. It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.C. It was warmly received by environmentalists.D. It caused a big stir in developing countries.73. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?A.Its statistics look embarrassing.B. It is invalid in terms of methodology.C. It deserves our closest attention.D. Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.74. What is Soren Andreasen ' s view of the report?A. Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B. It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C. It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D. Its rough estimates arc meant to draw the attention of world leaders.75. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?A. How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B. How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C. How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D.How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards. Passage 4Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland,where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best “ my dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water, ” He says.But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact. New York's municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of lap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were400 times more expensive.Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for marketshare-this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo's Aquafina and Coca-Cola's Dasani arc both purified tap water rather than spring water.As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate( 垂涎)over the profits.A restaurant's typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it's often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren't available in stores, most diners don't notice or care.As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sen bottled water.According toan article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it.Regardless of how i t ' s sold, the popularity of bottled whaler taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.76. What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage?A.lt is a kind of iced water.B.It is just plain tap water.C .It is a kind of bottled water.D .It is a kind of mineral water.77. By saying “ My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water (Line 4 Para2),VonWiesenberger wants to convey the message that ____ ?A .plain tap whaler is certainly unfit for drinkingB .bottled water is clearly superior to tap waterC.bottled water often appeals more to dogs tasteD. dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste78. ______________________________________ The-fancier brands (Line 3 Para 5) refers to .A. tap water from the Thames RiverB. famous wines not sold in ordinary storesC. PepsiCo's Aquafina and Coca-Cola's DasaniD. expensive bottled water with impressive names79. Why are some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water?A. Bottled water brings in huge profits.B. Competition from the wine industry is intense.C. Most diners find bottled water affordable.D. Bottled water satisfied diners' desire to fashionable.80. According to passage, why is bottled whaler so popular?A. It is much cheaper than wine.B. It is considered healthier.C. lt appeals to more cultivated people.D. It is more widely promoted in the market.Part IV Translation ( 2 X 10 )Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Please translate sentences 81-85 fromChinese into English, and translate sentences 86-90 from English into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.81. 只要明天天气好，我们就和同学一起去游泳82. 有这么多人的关心，在国外的最初几个月里，她感到非常幸福83. 新图书馆比以前的大两倍。
2017年成人高考专升本医学综合真题及答案
2017年成人高考專升本醫學綜合真題及答案一、A型題：1～84小題，每小題1.25分，共105分。
在每小題給出のA、B、C、D、E五個選項中。
請選出一項最符合題目要求の。
1．骨の構造中含有豐富血管和神經の是【】A．骨密質B．骨膜C．骨松質D．紅骨髓E．黃骨髓2．含有關節盤の關節是【】A．肩關節B．肘關節C．髖關節D．顳下頜關節E．踝關節3．咽鼓管の開口部位在【】A．扁桃體窩B．咽腔口部の側壁C．咽腔喉部の側壁D．梨狀隱窩E．咽腔鼻部の側壁4．肱二頭肌の作用是【】A．使肱骨內收、內旋和前屈B．屈肘關節、屈肩關節和使前臂旋前C．伸肘關節，其長頭伸和內收肩關節D．伸肘關節．其長頭伸和外展肩關節E．屈肘關節、屈肩關節和使前臂旋後5．肝下麵右縱溝前部容納の結構是【】A．下腔靜脈B．膽囊C．肝圓韌帶D．靜脈韌帶E．肝十二指腸韌帶6．與陰道後穹相鄰の結構是【】A．直腸子宮陷凹B．膀胱子宮陷凹C．直腸膀胱陷凹D．盲腸後隱窩E．膀胱上窩7．喉腔內易發生水腫の部位是【】A．喉口B．喉前庭C．喉室D．聲門下腔E．喉中間腔8．肺下界の體表投影在腋中線相交於【】A．第5肋B．第6肋C．第8肋D．第7肋E．第l0肋9．膀胱三角の位置在【】A．膀胱尖內面B．膀胱體內面C．膀胱底內面D．膀胱頸內面E．膀胱前壁內面10．精囊腺の位置在【】A．陰囊內B．睾丸の後方C．膀胱底の後方D．前列腺の後方E．輸精管末段の內側11．走行通過腹股溝管の結構是【】A．骶子宮韌帶B．子宮圓韌帶C．子宮主韌帶D．子宮闊韌帶E．卵巢固有韌帶12．子宮動脈在子宮頸外側2cm處跨過輸尿管の正確位置是【】A．後上方B．前方C．下方D．後方E．後下方13．下列不屬於主動脈分部の是【】A．升主動脈B．頭臂幹C．主動脈弓D．胸主動脈E．腹主動脈14．下列屬於鎖骨下動脈分支の是【】A．甲狀腺上動脈B．腦膜中動脈C．胸廓內動脈D．上頜動脈E．食管動脈15．下列屬於腸系膜上動脈の分支是【】A．右結腸動脈B．左結腸動脈C．乙狀結腸動脈D．直腸上動脈E．直腸下動脈16．肩關節外展困難可能損傷の神經是【】A．正中神經B．肌皮神經C．橈神經D．尺神經E．腋神經17．通過頸靜脈孔の腦神經是【】A．面神經B．舌下神經C．副神經D．前庭蝸神經E．三叉神經18．舌下神經核屬於の機能柱是【】A．一般軀體運動柱B．特殊內臟運動柱C．一般內臟運動柱D．一般軀體感覺柱E．特殊軀體感覺柱19．顳橫回屬於の機能區是【】A．平衡覺區B．視覺區C．嗅覺區D．味覺區E．聽覺區20．眼球壁分為【】A．3層B．2層C．4層D．5層E．6層21．下列屬於骨迷路の是【】A．橢圓囊B．球囊C．耳蝸D．蝸管E．咽鼓管22．維持機體穩態の回饋調節是【】A．凝血B．減壓反射C．排尿反射D．排便反射E．分娩23．尿素從細胞排出の方式屬於【】A．出胞作用B．經通道易化擴散C．經載體易化擴散D．原發性主動轉運E．單純擴散24．靜息電位增大の過程稱為【】A．超極化B．極化C．去極化D．複極化E．反極化25．急性失血時，危及生命の失血量占全身血量の比例至少是【】A．5％B．30％C．15％D．45％E．60％26．血液凝固各階段都必需の因數是【】A．ⅨB．ⅧC．ⅢD．ⅫE．Ⅳ27．心肌細胞有效不應期特別長の生理意義是【】A．心肌興奮更有規律B．心肌收縮力更強C．心肌不發生強直收縮D．心內興奮傳導加速E．心肌收縮房室同步28．對心輸出量影響最不明顯の因素是【】A．年齡B．性別C．劇烈運動D．體重E．體表面積29．交感縮血管緊張の中樞主要位於【】A．大腦皮層B．丘腦內側C．延髓頭端D．中腦上丘E．脊髓背角30．體內二氧化碳分壓由高到低の順序是【】A．靜脈血、肺泡、組織細胞B．肺泡、組織細胞、靜脈血C．肺泡、靜脈血、組織細胞D．組織細胞、肺泡、靜脈血E．組織細胞、靜脈血、肺泡31．影響正常人肺換氣の重要因素是【】A．氣體分壓差B．呼吸膜面積C．體核溫度D．氣道阻力E．呼吸運動形式32．特異性啟動胰蛋白酶原の物質是【】A．二肽酶B．胃蛋白酶C．膽汁D．腸激酶E．糜蛋白酶33．當直腸對糞便刺激の感覺閾升高時，可能發生の情況是【】A．大腦皮層抑制便意B．糞便在結腸內停留時間延長C．排便反射失去回饋控制D．糞便刺激結腸逆蠕動E．維生素K合成減少34．常溫環境下，機體主要の散熱途徑是【】A．不感蒸發B．傳導C．發汗D．對流E．輻射35．原尿生成の直接動力是【】A．平均動脈壓B．腎動脈壓C．腎小球毛細血管血壓D．入球小動脈血壓E．出球小動脈血壓36．在腎臟形成內髓組織液高滲の物質是【】A．葡萄糖B．蛋白質C．NH3和N0D．尿素和NaClE．鉀離子和HCl37．與正視眼相比，遠視眼の特點是【】A．視近物需更大幅度調節B．視遠物不需調節C．近點比正視眼近D．物體清晰地成像於視網膜前E．視調節能力無限38．最易爆發動作電位の神經元部位是【】A．軸突側支B．軸突始段C．胞體D．樹突E．軸突末梢39．副交感感神經興奮後の作用是【】A．舒張支氣管平滑肌B．增多黏稠唾液分泌C．增快心率D．加強脂肪分解E．縮小瞳孔40．傳導內臟痛の神經纖維是【】A．C類纖維B．Aa纖維C．Ay纖維D．B類纖維E．AB纖維41．生長抑素對腺垂體功能調節の主要路徑是【】A．電突觸B．化學性突觸C．垂體門脈系統D．淋巴液E．腦脊液42．甲狀腺激素分泌の自身調節依賴於【】A．下丘腦TRHの下行控制B．垂體TSHの下行控制C．腺細胞聚碘和硤化D．T3、T4の負回饋E．酪氨酸降解の速度43．下列體溫曲線提示の熱型是【】A．波狀熱B．弛張熱C．間歇熱D．不規則熱E．稽留熱A．陣發性房顫B．陣發性室上速C．陣發性室速D．陣發性室顫E．陣發性室撲54．大量心包積液引起急性心臟壓塞，典型の體征是【】A．奇脈B．水沖脈C．交替脈D．毛細血管搏動征E．股動脈槍擊音55．女，70歲。
河南专升本生理病理真题试卷
河南专升本生理病理真题试卷2011年河南省普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试生理学、病理解剖学一、选择题（每小题1分，共60分）1.维持内环境稳态的重要调节方式是（）A.体液调节B.自身调节C.正反馈调节D.负反馈调节2.各种可兴奋组织产生兴奋的共同标志是（）A.肌肉收缩B.神经冲动C.动作电位D.腺体分泌3.安静时细胞膜内K+向膜外移动是通过（）A.单纯扩散B.经通道易化扩散C.出胞D.经载体易化扩散4.通常用作判断组织兴奋性高低的指标是（）A.阈电位B.基强度C.阈强度D.强度一时间的变化率5.某人的血细胞与B型血的血清凝聚，而其血清与B型血的血细胞不凝聚，此人血型是（）A.AB型B.B型C.O型D.A型6.可加强抗凝血酶III活性的物质是（）A.柠檬酸钠B.草酸钠C.维生素KD.肝素7.心室肌细胞动作电位快速复极末期的原因是（）A.NA+内流B.K+外流C.Ca2+内流D.CI-内流8.心肌不会产生强制收缩的原因是（）A.心肌肌浆网不发达，Ca+贮存少B.心肌有自律性，会产生自动节律性收缩C.心肌呈“全或无”收缩D.心肌的有效不应期特别长9.一个心动周期中，房室瓣开始关闭至其开始开放的过程相当于（）A.心室收缩期和等容舒张期之和B.心室舒张期和等容收缩期子和C.心室舒张期D.房缩期和心室收缩期之和10.右心衰竭时组织液生成增加而致水肿，主要原因是（）A.毛细血管血压增高B.血浆胶体渗透压降低C.组织液静水压降低D.组织液胶体渗透压增高11.微循环具有营养功能的通路是（）A.直捷通路B.动-静脉通路C.迂回通路D.淋巴通路12.人工呼吸的原理是人为的造成（）A.肺内压与胸内压的压力差B.肺内压与大气压的压力差C.腹内压与大气压的压力差D.胸内压与大气压的压力差13.氧离曲线是指（）A.PO2与血氧容量间关系的曲线 B.PO2与血氧含量间关系的曲线C.PO2与血氧饱和度间关系的曲线 D.PO2与血液PH间关系的曲线14.PCO2从低到高的顺序一般为（）A.呼出气<组织细胞<静脉血<肺泡气B.呼出气<肺泡气<静脉血<组织细胞C.呼出气<肺泡气<组织细胞<静脉血D.静脉血<呼出气<肺泡气<组织细胞15.小肠粘膜对葡萄糖的运转依靠（）A.血浆中的胰岛素B.肠腔中的钾C.血浆中的胰高血糖素D.肠腔中的钠16.下列哪一项不是促胰岛素的作用（）A.促进胃酸分泌B.促进胰液中水和HCO3-的大量分泌C.促进小肠液的分泌D.抑制胃肠运动17.患下列哪种疾病时，基础代谢率明显升高（）A.糖尿病B.红细胞增多症C.阿狄森综合征D.甲状腺功能亢进18.能使血钾浓度升高的情况是（）A.碱中毒B.酸中毒C.醛固酮分泌增多D.远曲小管和集合管泌H+减少19.大量饮水后尿量增多，主要是由于（）A.肾小球滤过率增加B.醛固酮分泌减少C.血浆晶体渗透压降低D.血浆胶体渗透压降低20.输尿管有结石或被肿瘤压迫时可能出现（）A.肾小球囊内压降低B.省小球囊内压升高C.肾小球毛细血管血压升高D.有效滤过率升高21.老视发生的原因是（）A.晶体状透明度改变B.晶体状弹性减弱C.角膜曲率改变D.角膜透明度改变22.听骨链的主要功能是（）A.集音作用B.共鸣作用C.增压效应D.减压效应23.突触前抑制的产生是由于（）A.突触前轴突末梢去极化B.突触前轴突末梢超极化C.突触前轴突末梢释放抑制性递质D.突触前轴突末梢处于有效不应期24.对感觉投射系统正确的叙述是（）A.感觉传导道都是由三级神经元接替实现B.感觉接替核发出纤维直接到骨髓C.非特异投射系统可以改变大脑皮层细胞兴奋状态D.特异投射系统传入冲动的作用在于维持动物的觉醒状态25.维持躯体姿势最基本的反射活动是（）A.腱反射B.屈肌反射C.对侧伸肌反射D.肌紧张26.脊休克时，脊髓反射消失的原因是（）A.损伤刺激产生的抑制作用B.脊髓反射中枢受损C.脊髓反射中枢突然失去高位中枢的异化作用D.血压下降导致脊髓缺血27.下列哪一项是副交感神经兴奋引起的（）A.瞳孔扩大B.糖原分解增加C.胰岛素分泌增加D.消化道括约肌收缩28.有关糖皮质激素的叙述，错误的是（）A.可增强机体对有害刺激的抵抗力B.大量应用糖皮质激素诱发或加剧溃疡病C.长期大量应用糖皮质激素时可导致肾上腺皮质萎缩D.可使血糖降低29.甲状腺手术时不慎将甲状旁腺切除，会发生（）A.甲状腺肿大B.手足搐溺症C.低血糖休克D.肾上腺皮质功能衰竭30.关于睾丸功能的叙述错误的是（）A.具有产生精子的功能B.支持细胞对生精细胞有营养和支持作用C.睾丸间质细胞分泌睾酮D.睾酮对下丘脑和腺垂体激素分泌有促进作用31.下列哪一项不属于病理学的研究内容（）A.病因B.发病机理C.经过和转归D.诊断治疗32.肾脏体积肿大，包膜紧张，浑浊无光泽，色灰白，成为（）A.肾脂肪变性B.肾细胞水肿C.肾玻璃样变性D.肾肥大33.下列再生能力最弱的是（）A.结缔组织B.脂肪组织C.骨D.神经细胞34.全身营养不良性萎缩时，首先发生萎缩的组织是（）A.骨骼肌B.脂肪组织C.肝D.脑35.细胞内玻璃样变常见于（）A.成纤维细胞B.心肌细胞C.肾小管上皮细胞D.神经细胞36.下述哪项不是影响再生修复的全身因素（）A.神经支配B.年龄C.营养D.激素37.下列哪项不是慢性肺淤血引起的（）A.实质细胞增生B.间质细胞增生C.肺水肿D.漏出性出血38.右心衰竭时发生淤血的部位是（）A.肺、肝、脾B.肝、脾、肾C.肺、脑、肝D.脑、脾、肺39.肺动脉栓塞的栓子主要来自（）A.门静脉B.颈静脉C.下肢浅静脉D.下肢深静脉40.肠系膜静脉系统的栓子，随血流运行，首先栓塞在哪一个器官（）A.肺B.肝C.肠D.脑41.一位心肌梗死患者，心内膜有附壁血栓，主要是因为（）A.血流缓慢B.涡流形成C.心血管内膜损伤D.血液凝固性升高42.由血小板和少量纤维蛋白构成的血栓是（）A.白色血栓B.混合血栓C.透明血栓D.红色血栓43.不符合渗出液作用的描述是（）A.稀释毒素B.带来抗体和补体C.带来营养物质D.对机体有益无害44.一个白细胞要完全通过血管壁常需（）A.2--12分B.10--20分C.20--30分D.12--20分45.过敏性鼻炎的时候，机体哪种炎细胞升高比较明显（）A.中性粒细胞B.嗜酸性粒细胞C.单核细胞D.淋巴细胞46.下列哪种炎症是增生性炎（）A.急性肝炎B.慢性肝炎C.急性肾小球肾炎D.急性扁桃体炎47.下列哪一个不是炎症介质的作用（）A.发热B.血管收缩C.血管壁通透性增加作用D.组织损伤48.常见于老年人面部，生长缓慢，表面常形成溃疡，癌细胞向深部浸溶破坏，但很少发生转移，呈低度恶性经过，对放疗敏感，是下了哪一种肿瘤（）A.鳞状细胞癌B.基底细胞癌C.腺癌D.移行上皮癌49.临床出现多种器官的脓肿，血中可查到细菌，应为（）A.菌血症B.毒血症C.脓毒血症D.败血症50.肺心病最常见的原因是（）A.支气管哮喘B.支气管扩张C.慢性支气管炎D.胸廓畸形51.恶性高血压最基本的病理变化是（）A.细、小动脉硬化B.细、小动脉玻璃变样C.小动脉硬化D.增生性小动脉硬化和坏死性细动脉炎52.二尖瓣关闭不全时心脏杂音出现的时机及性质、心脏的形状分别是（）A.舒张期隆隆样杂音、梨形心B.收缩期隆隆样杂音、梨形心C.舒张期吹风样杂音、球形心D.收缩期吹风样杂音、球形心53.冠状动脉粥样硬化，最常受累的分支是（）A.左冠状动脉前降支B.右冠状动脉主干C.左旋支D.左冠状动脉主干54.急性普通型肝炎最常见的变性是( )A.脂肪变性B.细胞水肿C.玻璃样变性D.嗜酸变性55.肾盂肾炎的感染途径最常见于（）A.上行性感染B.下行性感染C.淋巴道感染D.尿路阻塞56.膜性肾小球肾炎最主要的临床表现是（）A.大量尿蛋白B.低蛋白血症C.高脂血症D.高度水肿57.一成年女性，临床表现为肾病综合症，肾穿刺活检，银染色见肾小球基底膜呈车轨状。
河南专升本《生理、病理解剖学》真题试卷(病理学部分)
2019年河南专升本《生理、病理解剖学》真题试卷（病理学部分）选择题1、下列哪种脏器梗死后常发生液化性坏死()A.心B.胃C.脑D.肝2、关于干酪样坏死，下述哪项叙述是错误的()A.坏死灶呈淡黄色B.镜下见坏死不彻底、组织轮廓尚存C.容易钙化D.有时可发生液化3、下列关于血栓的形成，错误的是()A.脉管炎和动脉粥样硬化的患者易形成血栓B.白色血栓主要见于DICC.血栓形成可防止出血D.血栓形成只发生在活体的心血管内，可溶解吸收4、下列关于肉芽组织的叙述，正确的是()A.组织细胞增生为主的结节状病灶B.局灶性炎性息肉C.局灶性炎性假瘤D.以新生毛细血管和成纤维细胞增生为主5、关于萎缩，下述哪项叙述是不正确的()B.脑积水后引起的脑组织萎缩属于压迫性萎缩A.脊髓灰质炎患儿的下肢肌肉萎缩属于去神经性萎缩C.久病卧床引起的患肢肌肉萎缩属于失用性萎缩D.只要是器官、组织或细胞的体积缩小就是萎缩6、炎症介质的主要作用是使()A.局部氢离子浓度升高B.血管壁通透性增高C.细胞酶系统障碍D.组织间液渗透压增高7、股骨骨折患者术后2~3周下床活动时出现肺栓塞而死亡，应考虑为()A.血栓栓塞B.脂肪栓塞C.气体栓塞D.其他栓塞8、肾梗死周围可见充血、出血带，其形成原因是()A.淤血性出血B.炎性充血C.漏出性出血D.破裂性出血9、下列有关出血，瘀血，血栓形成，栓塞和梗死关系的描述错误的是()A.瘀血可引起漏出性出血B.血栓形成可引起梗死C.栓塞可引起瘀血D.梗死最常见的原因是栓塞10、下列哪项是正确的()A.皮下瘀斑是外出血B.颅内出血是外出血C.上消化道出血可引起呕血D.胃出血称衄血11、肺鳞癌主要起源于()A.大支气管黏膜上皮细胞B.支气管壁腺体黏膜上皮细胞C.细支气管上皮细胞D.肺泡上皮细胞12、下列有关炎症防御作用的描述，不恰当的是()A.液体渗出有利于稀释毒素B.白细胞渗出有利于吞噬病原体和坏死组织C.渗出液越多，防御作用越明显D.炎症局部淋巴结肿大具有一定的防御作用13、脓肿最常见的致病菌是()A.溶血性链球菌B.绿脓杆菌C.金黄色葡萄球菌D.大肠杆菌14、高分化的鳞癌最主要的特征()A.癌巢形成B.癌珠形成C.异型性小D.分化程度高15、交界性肿瘤是指()A.介于良恶性之间的肿瘤B.介于上皮与间叶组织之间的肿瘤C.起源于两种上皮交界处的肿瘤D.介于表皮与真皮之间的肿瘤16、高血压病脑出血最常见的部位是()A.小脑B.内囊和基底节C.蛛网膜下腔D.大脑白质17、下列描述中，哪一项是错误的()A.风湿性心内膜炎最常累及二尖瓣B.疣状心内膜炎赘生物不易脱落C.风湿性心肌炎可导致心肌纤维化D.风湿性心外膜炎可导致心包粘连18、下列有关肿瘤特征的描述，正确的是()A.镜下观一定与生物学行为一致B.生物学行为决定肿瘤对机体的影响C.镜下决定肿瘤对机体的影响D.肿瘤对机体的影响是判断良恶性的主要依据19、关于小叶性肺炎下列说法错误的是()A.多见于小儿、老人、体弱、久病卧床者B.又称支气管肺炎C.羊水吸入性也属于小叶性肺炎D.小叶性肺炎范围小，预后良好，不易出现并发症20、病毒性肺炎的特征病变为()A.纤维素性肺炎B.化脓性肺炎C.出血性肺炎D.间质性肺炎21、诊断肺心病的主要病理标准是()A.肺动脉瓣下1cm处右心室肌壁厚度超过4mmB.肺动脉瓣下1cm处右心室肌壁厚度超过5mmC.肺动脉瓣下2cm处右心室肌壁厚度超过4mmD.肺动脉瓣下2cm处右心室肌壁厚度超过5mm22、下列关于B型慢性萎缩性胃炎的描述，错误的是()A.常发生恶性贫血B.黏膜血管清晰可见C.可发生癌变D.黏膜全层变薄23、对胃癌的描述错误的是()A.胃癌与HP感染有关B.纤维胃镜有利于早期胃癌的诊断C.胃癌的血道转移首先到肺D.黏液腺癌种植转移形成Krukenberg24、肺肉质变的病变特点是()A.肺泡壁纤维化B.肺泡内渗出物机化C.支气管壁纤维化D.胸膜渗出物机化25、心肌梗死好发部位的顺序()A.左室前壁及室间隔前2/3＞左室后壁及室间隔后1/3＞左室侧壁B.左室侧壁＞左室前壁及室间隔前2/3＞左室后壁及室间隔后1/3C.左室后壁及室间隔后1/3＞左室侧壁＞左室前壁及室间隔前2/3D.左室前壁及室间隔前2/3＞左室后壁及室间隔后1/3＞左室侧壁26、伤寒细胞的特征是()A.吞噬细菌的白细胞B.细胞直径约300μ，有多个或几十个核，并吞噬伤寒杆菌C.细胞核内染色质集中在中央，横断面如枭眼，纵切面如毛虫样D.胞质内吞噬有红细胞、淋巴细胞、细胞碎片，并吞噬伤寒杆菌27、有关大肠癌的叙述正确的是()A.多见于直肠，多为腺癌B.多见于直肠，多为鳞癌C.多见于盲肠，多为鳞癌D.多见于盲肠，多为腺癌28、大红肾，蚤咬肾是下列哪种肾脏疾病的肉眼观()A.急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎B.系膜细胞肾小球肾炎C.毛细血管内皮细胞肾小球肾炎D.毛细血管外皮细胞肾小球肾炎29、下列关于肾盂肾炎的叙述正确的是()A.大肠杆菌引起的，肾盂、肾间质化脓B.葡萄球菌引起的，肾盂、肾间质化脓C.大肠杆菌引起的，肾小球、肾小管化脓D.葡萄球菌引起的，肾小球、肾小管化脓30、沃弗综合征属于()A.急性爆发型流脑B.脓毒败血症C.流行性乙型脑炎D.病毒血症填空题31、病毒性肝炎按坏死的范围和分布不同，可分为____、____、____和____。
河南专升本生理学病理解剖学
2005年生理学、病理解剖学考试试题及参考答案生理学部分一、单项选择题（每题1分，共20分）在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，并将其代码写在题干后面的括号内。
不选、错选或多选者，该题无分。
1. 衡量组织兴奋性高低的指标是（）A. 阈电位B.阈值C.动作电位D.产生反应的大小2. 人体内02 CO2和NH3进出细胞膜是通过下列哪种转运方式（）A. 单纯扩散B.通道转运C.载体转运D.主动转运3. 骨骼肌细胞膜内外Na+和K+浓度比较，正确的是（）A.细胞内Na+高，细胞外K+高B.细胞内Na+低，细胞外K+低C.细胞内Na+低，细胞外K+高D.细胞内Na+高，细胞外K+低4. 关于局部兴奋的叙述，下列哪项是错误的（）A.局部电位随刺激强度增加而增大B.局部电位随扩布距离增大而减小C.局部去极化电位的区域兴奋性增高D.不存在时间和空间的总和5•嗜碱性粒细胞合成并释放的物质不包括（）A. 肝素B.组胺C.过敏性慢反应物质D.水解酶和过氧化酶6. 外源性凝血需要，而内源性凝血不需要的凝血因子是（）A.因子川B.因子WC.因子幻D.因子刘7. 关于AB0S系统的叙述，下列正确的一项是（）A. 0型血的血清中含有抗A和抗B凝集素B. 0型血的红细胞膜上有A凝集原和B凝集原C. B型血的血清中含有抗B凝集素D. A型血的红细胞膜上有抗B凝集原8. 房室瓣开放见于（）A.快速射血期初B.等容舒张期初C.快速射血期末D.等容舒张期末9. 房室延搁的生理意义是（）A.增强心肌收缩力B.使心室有效不应期延长C.使心室肌不会发生强直收缩D.使心房、心室不会同时收缩10. 关于窦房结P细胞电活动特点的叙述，错误的是（）A.0期去极化速度慢B.无明显的复极1、2期C.静息电位水平低D.4期自动去极化的速度较快11. 心肌收缩时，其兴奋性处于（）A.绝对不应期B.相对不应期C.超常期D.低常期12. 下列不属于影响组织液生成的因素是（）A.毛细血管血压B.血浆胶体渗透压C.动脉血压D.血浆晶体渗透压13. 肺通气的原动力来自（）A.肺的收缩运动B.呼吸肌的舒缩运动C.肺的弹性回缩D.胸腔内负压的周期性变化14. 关于通气/血流比值的描述，正确的是（）A.比值减小，意味着无效腔扩大B.肺动脉栓塞时，比值增大C.安静时正常值为1.84D.直立时，肺上部比值较肺下部小15. 关于消化道平滑肌生理特性的叙述，正确的是（）A.对电刺激敏感B.对牵张、温度和化学刺激不敏感C.具有自动节律性D.兴奋性较骨骼肌高16. 关于生理温度变动的描述，错误的是（）A.女性基础体温随月经周期而变的B.运动时体温升高C.女性体温低于男性D.老年人体温略低17. 大量出汗时，尿量减少的主要原因是（）A. 血浆晶体渗透压升高引起ADH分泌增多B. 血浆晶体渗透压降低引起ADH分泌增多C. 交感神经兴奋引起ADH分泌增多D. 血容量减少引起ADH分泌增多18. 关于远视眼的叙述，正确的是（）A.眼球前后径过长B.近点较正视眼近C.眼的折光能力过强D.成像于视网膜后19. 关于胰岛素的作用，正确的是（）A.促进糖异生B.促进糖原分解，抑制糖利用C.促进蛋白质合成，抑制其分解D.抑制脂肪合成，促进其分解20. 长期大量使用糖皮质激素后不可突然停用，是因为（）A.ACTH处于高水平B.自身糖皮质激素处于低水平C.盐皮质激素处于高水平D.肾上腺素处于低水平三、多项选择题（每题2分，共10分）在每小题的四个备选答案中选出二至四个正确答案，并将其代码写在题干后面的括号内。
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2017年河南省普通高等学校
选拔优秀专科生进入本科阶段学习考试试题
病理解剖学题
一、选择题（每小题1分）在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
1.严重贫血所形成的虎斑心，其病变性质是（）
A.萎缩
B.玻璃样变性
C.心肌脂肪变性
D.心肌脂肪浸润
2.栓塞最常见的类型是（）
A.气体栓塞
B.血栓栓塞
C.羊水栓塞
D.脂肪栓塞
3.液化性坏死常发生在（）
A.肠和肺
B.肝和肾
C.肾和脂肪
D.脑和脊髓
4.组织、细胞代谢障碍所引起的可逆性损伤称为（）
A.变性
B.坏死
C.梗死
D.钙化
5.下列那一项属于去神经性萎缩（）
A.老年男性的睾丸
B.心肌梗死后心室壁变薄
C.脊髓灰质炎患儿的下肢肌肉
D.老年女性的子宫
6.哪种疾病的病变不易发生玻璃样变性（）
A.慢性肾小球肾炎
B.动脉粥样硬化
C.高血压病
D.支气管炎
7.伤寒病理变化的最主要特征是（）
A.肠管发生溃疡
B.以单核巨噬细胞增生为主
C.末梢血白细胞减少
D.脾大
8.下列哪种疾病最易引起肠管狭窄（）
A.肠阿米巴病
B.肠伤寒
C.肠结核
D.细菌性痢疾
9.慢性支气管炎最常见的并发症是（）
A.肺炎
B.肺脓肿
C.支气管扩张和肺源性心脏病
D.肺气肿和肺源性心脏病
10.鼻咽癌转移最常见于（）
A.血道转移至肺
B.血道转移至肝
C.血道转移至骨
D.同侧颈上深淋巴结转移
11.层状血栓是（）
A.红色血栓
B.白色血栓
C.混合血栓
D.透明血栓
12.肿瘤的实质是指（）
A.神经组织
B.纤维组织
C.血管
D.肿瘤细胞
13.不符合淤血的描述是（）
A.可引起出血
B.可引起实质细胞增生
C.可引起器官硬化
D.可引起器官水肿
14.移行细胞癌最常见的好发部位是（）
A.肾盂
B.输尿管
C.膀胱三角区
D.膀胱前壁
15.葡萄胎的病理学诊断依据是（）
A.子宫体积增大
B.宫腔内刮出大小不一的水泡
C.阴道无痛性流血
D.胎心音消失
16.急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎的镜下主要变化是（）
A.肾小球间质中结缔组织增生
B.肾小球系膜基质增生
C.肾小球内皮细胞及系膜细胞增生
D.肾小球球囊壁层上皮细胞增生
17.癌与肉瘤的最主要区别是（）
A.发生部位不同
B.组织来源不同
C.发生的年龄不同
D.转移的途径不同
18.急性普通型病毒性肝炎的病变为（）
A.纤维组织增生
B.桥接坏死
C.大片坏死
D.点状坏死
19.下列哪项属于癌前疾病（）
A.胃溃疡
B.慢性浅表性胃炎
C.皮肤瘢痕
D.肺结核球
20.血栓形成条件，下列哪项是错误的（）
A.血管内膜损伤
B.血管中层坏死
C.血流状态的改变
D.血液凝固性增高
21.白细胞向着化学刺激物做定向移动的现象称为（）
A.白细胞游出
B.白细胞渗出
C.趋化作用
D.白细胞靠边
22.下列肿瘤中属于上皮组织良性肿瘤的是（）
A.毛细血管瘤
B.肾母细胞瘤
C.腺瘤
D.畸胎瘤
23.慢性肺源性心脏病常见的病因是（）
A.支气管哮喘
B.支气管扩张症
C.支气管肺炎
D.慢性支气管炎
24.碎片状坏死发生的部位是（）
A.肝小叶中央静脉
B.肝小叶周边界板区
C.肾皮质区
D.肾髓质区
25.风湿病的特征性病变为（）
A.充血、水肿
B.风湿性肉芽肿
C.黏液样变性
D.炎细胞浸润
26.动脉粥样硬化症主要发生于（）
A.大、中动脉
B.细动脉
C.小动脉
D.微小动脉
27.下列对原发性高血压肾脏病变描写错误的是（）
A.部分肾小球肥大，所属肾小管扩张
B.部分肾小球纤维化，所属肾小管萎缩
C.入球细动脉玻璃样变性
D.肾小球囊内形成大量新月体
28.大叶性肺炎常见的致病菌为（）
A.金黄色葡萄球菌
B.溶血性链球菌
C.肺炎球菌
D.肺炎杆菌
29.下列哪种肿瘤组织中可形成角化珠（）
A.腺癌
B.骨肉瘤
C.鳞状细胞癌
D.纤维腺瘤
30.下列哪项不是肝硬化时门脉高压症的临床表现（）
A.食管静脉曲张
B.肝大
C.脾大
D.胃肠淤血、水肿
二、填空题（每空0.5分，共8分）
1.弥漫性非毒性甲状腺肿又称；按其病变发展过程可分为三期：、
、。
2.急性肾盂肾炎是一种炎症，常见的感染途径是。
3.女性生殖系统中最常见的良性肿瘤为。
4.风湿性心内膜炎形成的瓣膜赘生物为血栓。
5.消化性溃疡光镜下溃疡底部由浅入深依次为、、、。
6.肾结核干酪样坏死液化后经尿路排出，在局部形成的空腔称为。
7.组织缺损后通过纤维结缔组织的增生完成修补恢复的过程称。
8.梗死灶的颜色取决于梗死组织内多少；梗死灶的形成取决于该器官的
分布特点。
三、名词解释（每小题3分，共15分）
1.挖空细胞
2.结核结节
3.坏疽
4.蜂窝织炎
5.转移
四、问答题（每小题6分，共12分）
1.简述良性高血压内脏器官病变期心、脑、肾的病变特点。
2.简述大叶性肺炎的四期病变特点。
五、论述题（10分）
1.何谓肉芽组织、瘢痕组织？各有哪些形态特点及主要功能？。