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英国文学诗歌术语解释

英国⽂学诗歌术语解释A Glossary of Poetic TermsAccent（重⾳）Another word for stress. The emphasis placed on a syllable. Accent is frequently used to denote stress in describing verse.Aestheticism（唯美主义）A literary movement in the 19th century of those who believed in “art for art?s sake” in opposition to the utilitarian doctrine that everything must be morally or practically useful. Key figures of the aesthetic movement were Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde.Alexandrine（亚历⼭⼤诗体）The most common meter in French poetry since the 16th century: a line of twelve syllables. The nearest English equivalent is iambic hexameter. The Alexandrine being a long line, it is often divided in the middle by a pause or caesura into two symmetrical halves called hemistiches. Alexander Pope?s “Essay on Criticism” offers a typical example.Allegory（讽喻）A pattern of reference in the work which evokes a parallel action of abstract ideas. Usually allegory uses recognizable types, symbols and narrative patterns to indicate that the meaning of the text is to be found not in the represented work but in a body of traditional thought, or in an extra-literary context.Rrepresentative works are Edmund Spenser?s The Faerie Queene, John Bunyan?s The Pilgrim’s Progress.Alliteration（头韵） A rhyme-pattern produced inside the poetic line by repeating consonantal sounds at the beginning of words. It is also called initial rhyme.Allusion（引喻） A passing reference in a work of literature to something outside itself. A writer may allude to legends, historical facts or personages, to other works of literature, or even to autobiographical details. Literary allusion requires special explanation. Some writers include in their own works passages from other writers in order to introduce implicit contrasts or comparisons. T.S. Eliot?s The Waste Land is of this kind.Analogy（类⽐）The invocation of a similar but different instance to that which is being represented, in order to bring out its salient features through the comparison.Anapest（抑抑扬格） A trisyllabic metrical foot consisting of two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable.Apostrophe（顿呼） A rhetorical term for a speech addressed to a person, idea or thing with an intense emotion that can no longer be held back, often placed at the beginning of a poem or essay, but also acting as a digression or pause in an ongoing argument.Arcadia（阿卡狄亚）A mountainous region of Greece which was represented as the blissful home of happy shepherds. During the Renaissance Arcadia became the typical name for an idealized rural society where the harmonious Golden Age still flourished. Sir Philip Sidney?s prose romance is entitled Arcadia.Assonance（半谐⾳）The repetition of accented vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds.Aubade（晨曲） A song or salute at dawn, usually by a lover lamenting parting at daybreak, for example, J ohn Donne?s “The Sun Rising”.Augustan Age: may refer to 1) The period in Roman history when Caesar Augustus was the first emperor; 2) The period in the history of the Latin language when Caesar Augustus was emperor and Golden-age Latin was in use; 3) Augustan literature and Augustan poetry, the early 18th century in British literature and poetry, where the authors highly admired and emulated the original Augustan Age.Avant-garde (先锋派) A military expression used in literature refers to a group of modern artists and writers. Their main concern is deliberate and self-conscious experimentation in writing to discover new forms, techniques and subject matter in the arts.Ballad（民谣）A narrative poem which was originally sung to tell a story in simple colloquial language.Ballad metre (民谣格律）A quatrain of alternate four-stress and three-stress lines, usually roughly iambic.Ballad stanza（民谣体诗节） A quatrain that alternates tetrameter with trimeter lines, and usually rhymes a b c b.Blank verse（⽆韵诗）Verse in iambic pentameter without rhyme scheme, often used in verse drama in the sixteenth century and later used for poetry.Burlesque（诙谐作品）An imitation of a literary style, or of human action, that aims to ridicule by incongruity style and subject. High burlesque involves a high style for a low subject, for instance, Alexander Pope?s The Rape of the Lock. Byronic hero（拜伦式英雄）A character type portrayed by George Lord Gordon Byron in many of his early narrative poems, especially Child Harold’s Pilgrimage. The Byronic hero is a brooding solitary, who seeks exotic travel and wild nature to reflect his superhuman passions. He is capable of great suffering and guilty of some terrible, unspecified crime, but bears this guilt with pride, as it sets him apart from society, revealing the meaninglessness of ordinary moral values. He is misanthropic, defiant, rebellious, nihilistic and hypnotically fascinating to others.Canto（诗章）A division of a long poem, especially an epic. Dante?s Divine Comedy, Byron?s Don Juan and Ezra Pound?s The Cantos are all divided into these chapter-length sections.Carpe Diem（及时⾏乐）A poem advising someone to “seize the day” or “seize the hour”. Usually the genre is addressed by a man to a young woman who is urged to stop prevaricating in sexual or emotional matters.Cavalier poets（骑⼠诗⼈）English lyric poets during the reign of Charles I. Richard Lovelace, Sir John Suckling, Thomas Carew, EdmundWaller and Robert Herrick are the representatives of this group. Cavalier poetry is mostly concerned with love, and employs a variety of lyric forms.Cockney school of poetry （伦敦佬诗派） A derisive term for certain London-based writers, including Leigh Hunt, Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Hazlitt and John Keats. This term was invented by the Scottish journalist John Gibson Lockhart in an anonymous series of article on The Cockney School of Poetry, in which he mocked the supposed stylistic vulgarity of these writers.Complaint （怨诗） A poetic genre in which the poet complains, often about his beloved. Geoffery Chaucer?s “Complaint to His Purse”, Edward Young?s “The Complaint”, or “Night Thoughts”are examples.Conceit（奇思妙喻）Originally it meant simply a thought or an opinion. The term came to be used in a derogatory way to describe a particular kind of far-fetched metaphorical association. It has now lost this pejorative overtone and simply denotes a special sort of figurative device. The distinguishing quality of a conceit is that it should forge an unexpected comparison between two apparently dissimilar things or ideas. The classic example is John Donne?s The Flea and A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning.Didactic poetry（说教诗）Poetry designed to teach or preach as a primary purpose.Dirge （挽歌）Any song of mourning, shorter and less formal than an elegy. Shakespeare?s Full Fathom Five in The Tempest is a famous example..Dithyramb（酒神颂歌）A Greek choric hymn in honour of Dionysus. In general “dithyrambic” is applied to a wildly enthusiastic song or chant.Eclogue （牧歌）A pastoral poem, especially a pastoral dialogue, usually indebted to the Virgillian tradition.Elegy（挽诗）A poem of lamentation, concentrating on the death of a single person, like Alfred Tennyson?s “In Memoriam”, Thomas Gray?s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, or W. B. Yeats?s “In Memory of Major Robert Gregory”.Epic（史诗） A long narrative poem in elevated style, about the adventures of a hero whose exploits are important to the history of a nation. The more famous epics in western literature are Homer?s Iliad, Virgil?s Aeneid, Dante?s Divine Comedy and John Milton?s Paradise Lost.Epigram（警句诗） A polished, terse and witty remark that packs generalized knowledge into short compass.Epigraph（铭⽂）A short quotation cited at the start of a book or chapter to point up its theme and associate its content with learning. Also an inscription on a monument or building explaining its purpose.Epitaph（墓志铭）An inscription on a tomb or a piece of writing suitable for that purpose, generally summing up someone?s life, sometimes in praise, sometimes in satire. John Keats wrote an Epitaph for himself. It says, “Here lies one whose name is writ in water.”Epithet（表述词语）From Latin epitheton, from Greek epitithenai meaning “to add”, an adjective or adjective cluster that is associated with a particular person or thing and that usually seems to capture their prominent characteristics. For example,“Ethelred the unready”, or “fleet-footed Achilles” in Alexander Pope?s version of The Iliad.Folk ballad（民间歌谣） A narrative poem designed to be sung, composed by an anonymous author, and transmitted orally for years or generations before being written down. It has usually undergone modification through the process of oral transmission.Foot（⾳步）a unit of measure consisting of stressed and unstressed syllables.Free verse（⾃由诗）Verse released from the convention of meter, with its regular pattern of stresses and line length.Georgian Poetry：the title of a series of anthologies showcasing the work of a school of English poetry that established itself during the early years of the reign of King George V of the United Kingdom. Edward Marsh was the general editor of the series and the centre of the circle of Georgian poets, which included Rupert Brooke. It has been suggested that Brooke himself took a hand in some of the editorial choices.Graveyard poets（墓园诗⼈）Several 18th century poets wrote mournfully pensive poems on the nature of death, which were set in graveyards or inspired by gloomy nocturnal meditations. Examples of this minor but popular genre are Thomas Parnell?s “Night-Piece on Death”, Edward Young?s “Night Thoughts” and Robert Blair?s “The Grave”. Thomas Gray?s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” owes something to this vogue.Haiku（俳句）A Japanese lyric form dating from the 13th century which consists of seventeen syllables used in three lines: 5/7/5. Several 20th century English and American poets have experimented with the form, including Ezra Pound.Heroic couplet（英雄双韵体） Lines of iambic pentameter rhymed in pairs. Alexander Pope brought the meter to a peak of polish and wit, using it in satire. Because this practice was especially popular in the Neoclassic Period between 1660 and 1790, the heroic couplet is often called the “neoclassic couplet” if the poem originates during this time period.Heroic quatrain（英雄四⾏诗）Lines of iambic pentameter rhymed abab, cdcd, and so on. Thomas Gray?s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” is a notable example.Hexameter（六⾳步） In English versification, a line of six feet. A line of iambic hexameter is called an Alexanderine.Iamb（抑扬格）The commonest metrical foot in English verse, consisting of a weak stress followed by a strong stress.Iambic-anapestic meter（抑扬抑抑扬格） A meter which freely mixes iambs and anapests, and in which it might be difficult to determine which foot prevails without actually counting.Iambic hexameter（六⾳步抑扬格）A line of six iambic feet.Iambic pentameter（五⾳步抑扬格）A line of five iambic feet. It is the most pervasive metrical pattern found in verse in English.Iambic tetrameter（四⾳步抑扬格）A line of four iambic feet.Idyll（⽥园诗）A poem which represents the pleasures of rural life.Image, imagery（意象） A critical word with several different applications. In its narrowest sense an …image? is a word-picture, a description of some visible scene or object. More commonly, however, …imagery? refers to figurative language in a piece of literature; or all the words which refer to objects and qualities which appeal to the senses and feelings.Imagism（意象派）A self-conscious movement in poetry in England and America initiated by Ezra Pound and T.E. Hulme in about 1912. Pound described the aims of Imagism in his essay “A Petrospect”as follows:1) Direct treatment of the …thing? whether subjective or objective.2) To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation.3) As regarding rhythm: to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of a metronome. Pound defined an …Image? as …that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time?. His haiku-like two-line poem In a Station of the Metro is often quoted as the quintessence of Imagism.Irony（反讽）The expression of a discrepancy between what is said and what is meant.Lake poets（湖畔派诗⼈） The three early 19th century romantic poets, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey, who lived in the Lake District of Cumbria in northern England. This term was often applied in a derogatory way, suggesting the provincialism of their themes and interests.Lyric（抒情诗） A poem, usually short, expressing in a personal manner the feelings and thoughts of an individual speaker. The typical lyric subject matter is love, for a lover or deity, and the mood of the speaker in relation to this love.Metaphysical poets （⽞学派诗⼈） Metaphysics is the philosophy of being and knowing, but this term was originally applied to a group of 17th century poets in a derogatory manner. The representatives are John Donne, George Herbert, Henry Vaughan and Richard Crashaw and John Cleveland, Andrew Marvell and Abraham Cowley. The features of metaphysical poetry are arresting and original images and conceits, wit, ingenuity, dexterous use of colloquial speech, considerable flexibility of rhythm and meter, complex themes, a liking for paradox and dialecticalargument, a direct manner, a caustic humor, a keenly felt awareness of mortality, and a distinguished capacity for elliptical thought and tersely compact expression. But for all their intellectual robustness the metaphysical poets are also capable of refined delicacy, gracefulness and deep feeling, passion as well as wit. They had a profound influence on the course of English poetry in the 20th century.Meter（格律）The regular pattern of accented and unaccented syllables. The line is divided into a number of feet. According to their stress pattern the feet are classed as iambic, trochaic, anapestic, dactylic, spondaic or pyrrhic.Metonymy（借代）A figure of speech: the substitution of the name of a thing by the name of an attribute of it, or something closely associated with it.Monometer（单⾳步诗⾏）A metrical line containing one foot.Monologue（独⽩） A single person speaking, with or without an audience, is uttering a monologue. The dramatic monologue is the name given to a specific kind of poem in which a single person, not the poet, is speaking.Dramatic Monologue（戏剧独⽩） A poem in which a poetic speaker addresses either the reader or an internal listener at length. It is similar to the soliloquy in theater, in that both a dramatic monologue and a soliloquy often involve the revelation of the innermost thoughts andfeelings of the speaker. Two famous examples are Browning?s “My Last Duchess”.Interior Monologue:A type of stream of consciousness in which the author depicts the interior thoughts of a single individual in the same order these thoughts occur inside that character's head. The author does not attempt to provide (or provides minimally) any commentary, description, or guiding discussion to help the reader untangle the complex web of thoughts, nor does the writer clean up the vague surge of thoughts into grammatically correct sentences or a logical order. Indeed, it is as if the authorial voice ceases to exis t, and the reader directly “overhears” the thought pouring forth randomly from a character?s mind. An example of an interior monologue can be found in James Joyce?s Ulysses. Here, Leopold Bloom wanders past a candy shop in Dublin, and his thoughts wander back and forth.The Movement：A term coined by J. D. Scott, literary editor of The Spectator, in 1954 to describe a group of writers including Kingsley Amis, Philip Larkin, Donald Davie, D.J. Enright, John Wain, Elizabeth Jennings, Thom Gunn, and Robert Conquest. The Movement was essentially English in character; poets in Scotland and Wales were not generally included. The Movement poets were considered anti-Romantic, but we find many Romantic elements in Larkin and Hughes. We may call The Movement the revival of the importance of form. To these poets, good poetry meant simple, sensous content, and traditional, conventional and dignified form.Neoclassicism（新古典主义）This word refers to the fact that some writers, particularly in the 18th century, modeled their own writing on classical, especially Roman literature. Neoclassicism is applied to a period of English literature lasting from 1660, the Restoration of Charles II, until about 1800. The following major writers flourished then, in poetry, John Dryden, Alexander Pope and Oliver Goldsmith; in prose, Jonathan Swift, Addition, Samuel Johnson. Neoclassical writers did not value creativity or originality highly. They valued the various genres, such as epic, tragedy, pastoral, comedy. The meter for most of Neoclassic writings was the heroic couplet.Octameter（⼋⾳步诗⾏）A metrical line containing eight feet; only occasionally attempted in English verse.Octave（⼋⾏体）An eight-line stanza or the first eight lines of a sonnet, especially one structured in the manner of an Italian sonnet.Ode（颂歌）A form of lyric poem, characterized by its length, intricate stanza forms, grandeur of style and seriousness of purpose, with a venerable history in Classical and post-Renaissance poetry.Onomatopoeia（拟声词）The use of words that resemble the sounds they denote, for example, …hiss?, …bang?, …pop? or …smack?.Oxford Movement: A movement of High Church Anglicans, eventually developing into Anglo-Catholicism. The movement, the members of which were often associated with the University of Oxford, argued for the reinstatement of lost Christian traditions of faith and their inclusion intoAnglican liturgy and theology. They conceived of the Anglican Church as one of three branches of the Catholic Church.Oxymoron（逆喻）A figure of speech in which contradictory terms are brought together in what is at first sight an impossible combination. It is a special variety of the paradox.Paradox（悖论）An apparently self-contradictory statement, or one that seems in conflict with all logic and opinion; yet lying behind the superficial absurdity is a meaning or truth. It is common in metaphysical poetry.Parody（嘲仿）An imitation of a specific work of literature or style devised so as to ridicule its characteristic features. Exaggeration, or the application of a serious tone to an absurd subject, are typical methods. Henry Fielding?s Shamela,Samuel Richardson?s Pamela,and Lewis Carroll?s version of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow?s Hiawatha are examples.Pastoral（⽥园诗）An artistic composition dealing with the life of shepherds or with a simple, rural existence. It usually idealizes shepherds? lives in order to create an image of peaceful and uncorrupted existence. More generally, pastoral describes the simplicity, charm, and serenity attributed to country life, or any literary convention that places kindly, rural people in nature-centered activities. The pastoral is found in poetry, drama, and fiction. Many subjects, such as love, death, religion, and politics, have been presented in pastoral settings.Pattern poetry（拟形诗）The name for verse which is written in a stanza form that creates a picture or pattern on the page. It is a precursor of concrete poetry. George Herbert?s “Easter Wings” is a typical example.Pentameter（五⾳步诗⾏）A poetic line of five feet and the most common poetic line in English.Personification（拟⼈） A figure of speech in which things or ideas are treated as if they were human beings, with human attributes and feeling.Poem（诗）An individual composition, usually in some kind of verse or meter, but also perhaps in heightened language which has been given some sense of pattern or organization to do with the sound of its words, its imagery, syntax, or any available linguistic element.Poet （诗⼈）Originally from the Greek poiein, a person who …makes?.Poet laureate （桂冠诗⼈） A laurel crown is the traditional prize for poets, based on the myth in which Apollo turns Daphne into a laurel tree. Poet laureates have been officially named by the British monarch since John Dryden?s appointment in 1668 by Charles II. T hey are supposed to stand as the figurehead of British poetry, but in the two centuries after John Dryden, with the exceptions of William Wordsworth and Alfred Tennyson, most were minor poets. Some indeed were poets of no significance whatever. The poets laureate in the 20th century have been less negligible. Ted Hughes is the present incumbent.Poetic licence（诗的破格）The necessary liberty given to poets, allowing them to manipulate language according to their needs, distorting syntax, using odd archaic words and constructions, etc. It can also refer to the manner in which poets, sometimes through ignorance, or deliberately, make mistaken assumptions about the world they describe.Pre-Raphaelites（前拉斐尔学派）Originally a group of artists (including John Millais, Holman Hunt and Dante Gabriel Rossetti) who organized the …Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood? in 1848. Their aim was a return to the …truthfulness? and simplicity of medieval art. The representatives include Christina Rossetti, Algernon Swinburne and William Morris. The typical aspects of their poetry are medievalism, archaism and lush sensuousness combined with religious feeling.Prosody（韵律学）The technical study of versification, including meter, rhyme, sound effects and stanza patterns.Psalm（赞美诗）A sacred song or hymn, especially one from the Book of Psalms in the Bible.Pun（双关语）A figure of speech in which a word is used ambiguously, thus, invoking two or more of its meanings, often for comic effect.Pyrrhic（抑抑格） A metrical foot consisting of two short or unstressed syllables. As with the spondee, from a linguistic point of view it is doubtful if the pyrrhic is necessary in English scansion, as two successive syllables are unlikely to bear exactly similar levels of stress.Quatrian（四⾏诗节） A stanza of four lines. A very common form in English, used with various meters and rhyme schemes..Refrain（叠句）Words or lines repeated in the course of a poem, recurring at intervals, sometimes with slight variation, usually at the end of a stanza. Refrains are especially common in songs and ballads.Rhyme（诗韵）The pattern of sound that established unity in verse forms. Rhyme at the end of lines is …end rhyme?; inside a line it is …internal rhyme?. End rhyme is clearly the most emphatic and usually relies on homophony between final syllables.Rhyme scheme（韵式）The pattern of rhymes in a stanza or section of verse, usually expressed by an alphabetical code.Rhythm（韵律）Rhythm refers to any steady pattern of repetition, particularly that of a regular recurrence of accented or unaccented syllables at equal intervals.Romance（传奇故事）Primarily medieval fiction in verse or prose dealing with adventures of chivalry and love. Notable English romances include Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Thomas Malory?s Le Morte d’Arthur.Romanticism（浪漫主义）A word used in an appallingly large number of different ways in different contexts.(1) Romantic in popular sense means idealized and facile love. (2) The Romantic Period.A term used to refer to the period dating from 1789 to about 1830 in English literature.Novelists of the period include Sir Walter Scott and Jane Austen; essayists such as Charles Lamb, William Hazlitt and Thomas De Quincey are notable for their contributions to the fast-developing literary magazines. There were two generations of Romantic poets: the first included William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southy; the second were George Gordon Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats. (3) Romanticism. It was in contrast to neoclassical literature. Writers showed their concern for feeling and emotion rather than the human capacity to reason. William Wordsworth?s The Prelude is the foremost text of Romanticism. The romantic poets were interested in nature. They saw nature as a way of coming to understand the self and made use of their imagination to create harmony. They also showed their disapproval toward neoclassical rules of poetry.Scansion（韵律分析）Scansion is the process of measuring the stresses in a line of verse in order to determine the metrical pattern of the line. It starts with identifying the standard of its prevailing meter and rhythm.Sestet（六⾏诗）The last six lines of a Petrarchan sonnet which should be separated by rhyme and argument from the preceding eight lines, called the octave.Sestina（六节诗）A rare and elaborate verse form, consisting of six stanzas, each consisting of six lines of pentameter, plus a three-line envoi. The end words for each stanza are the same, but in a different order from stanza to stanza. An example is Ezra Pound?s Sestina, Altaforte.Song（歌） A short lyric poem intended to be set to music, though often such poems have no musical setting.Sonnet（⼗四⾏诗） A lyric poem of fixed form: fourteen lines of iambic pentameter rhymed and organized according to several intricate schemes. Three patterns predominate: (1) The Petrarchan or Italian sonnet is divided into an octave which rhymes abba abba, and a sestet usually rhymes cde cde, or cdc dcd. The sestet usually replies to the argument of the octave.(2) Spenserian sonnet is a nine-line stanza of iambics rhymed abab bcbc cdc dee. The first eight lines are pentameters; the final line is a hexameter; (3) Shakespearean sonnet has three quatrains and a final couplet which usually provides an epigrammatic statement of the theme. The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg.Spenserian Stanza（斯宾塞诗节）A nine-line stanza rhyming in an ababbcbcc pattern in which the first eight lines are iambic pentameter and the last line is an iambic hexameter line. The name Spenserian comes from the form?s most famous user, Spenser, who used it in The Fairie Queene. Other examples include Keat?s “Eve of Saint Agnes” and Shelley?s “Adonais.” The Spenserian stanza is probably the longest and most intricate stanza generally employed in narrative poetry.Spondee（扬扬格）A metrical foot consisting of two long syllables or two strong stresses, giving weight to a line.Stanza（诗节）A unit of several lines of verse. Much verse is split up into regular stanzas of three, four, five or more lines each. Examples of。

英美文学专有名词术语解释

Literary Terms（文学术语解释）*Legend（传说）: A song or narrative handed down from the past, legend differs from myths on the basis of the elements of historical truth they contain.*Epic（史诗）: 1)Epic, in poetry, refers to a long work dealing with the actions of gods and heroes. 2)Beowulf is the greatest national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. John Milton wrote three great epics: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.*Romance（罗曼史/骑士文学）: 1)Romance is a popular literary form in the medieval England. 2)It sings knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. 3)Chivalry(such as bravery, honor, generosity, loyalty and kindness to the weak and poor) is the spirit of romance. *Ballad（民谣）: 1)Ballad is a story in poetic form to be sung or recited. 2)Ballads were passed down from generation to generation. 3)Robin Hood is a famous ballad singing the goods of Robin Hood. Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a 19th century English ballad.*The Heroic Couplet（英雄对偶句）:1)It means a pair of lines of a type once common in English poetry, in other words, it means iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines. 2)The rhyme is masculine. 3)Use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer.*Humanism（人文主义）:1)Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. 2)Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to prefect himself and to perform wonders.*Renaissance（文艺复兴）:1)It refers to the transitional period from the medieval to the modern world. It first started in Italy in the 14th century. 2)The Renaissance means rebirth or revival. 3)It was stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek classics, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion. 4)Humanism is the essence of Renaissance. 5)The English Renaissance didn’t begin until the reign of Henry Ⅷ. It was reg arded as England’s Golden Age, especially in literature. 6)The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. 7)This period produced such literary giants as Shakespeare, Spenser, Marlowe, Bacon, Donne and Milton, etc.*University Wits（大学才子）: 1)It refers to a group of scholars during the Elizabethan age who graduate from either Oxford or Cambridge. They came to London with the ambition to become professional writers. Some of them later become famous poets and playwrights. 2)Thomas Greene, John Lily and Christopher Marlowe were among them. 3)They paved the way, to some degree, for the coming of Shakespeare.*Blank verse（无韵体）:1)It is verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. 2)It is the verse form used in some of the greatest English poetry, including that of William Shakespeare and John Milton.*Spenserian Stanza（斯宾塞诗节）:1)It is the creation of Edmund Spenser. 2)It refers to a stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter and the last line in iambic hexameter（六音步）,r hyming ababbcbcc. 3)Spenser’s The Faerie Queene was written in this kind of stanza.*Sonnet(十四行诗)1)It is the one of the most conventional and influential forms of poetry in English.2)A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.3)Shakespeare’s sonnets are well-known. *Soliloquy(独白)1)Soliloquy, in drama, means a moment when a character is alone and speaks his or her thoughts aloud. 2)In the line “To be, or not to be, that is the question”, which begins the famous soliloquy from Act3, Scene1 of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. In this soliloquy Hamlet questions whether or not life is worth living and speaks of the reasons why he does not end his life.*Metaphysical Poets（玄学派诗人）：They refer to a group of religious poets in the first half of the 17th century whose works were characterized by their wit, imaginative picturing, compressions, often cryptic expression, play of paradoxes and juxtapositions of metaphor.*Enlightenment Movement(启蒙运动)1)It was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through Western Europe in the 18th century.2)The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century.3)Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.4)It celebrated reason or nationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education. Literature at the time became a very popular means of public education.5)Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden, Pope, Johnson, Swift, Defoe, Fielding, Sheridan, etc.Neoclassicism(新古典主义)1)In the field of literature, the 18th century Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism.2)The neoclassicists hold that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary French ones.3)They believed that the artistic ideas should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity*Sentimentalism(感伤主义文学)1)It is a pejorative term to describe false or superficial emotion, assumed feeling, self-regarding postures of grief and pain.2)In literature it denotes overmuch use of pathetic effects and attempts to arouse feeling by pathetic indulgence.3)The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith is a case in point.*The Graveyard School(墓地派诗歌)1)It refers to a school of poets of the 18th century whose poems are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life, past and present, with death and graveyard as theams.2)Thomas Gray is considered to be the leading figure of this school and his Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is its most representative work.*Epistolary novel(书信体小说)1)It consists of the letters the characters write to each other. The usual form is the letter, but diary entries, newspaper clippings and other documents are sometimes used.2)The epistolary novel’s reliance on subjective poi nts of view makes it the forerunner of the modern psychological novel.3)Samuel Richardson’s Pamela is typical of this kind.*Gothic Romance(哥特传奇)1)A type of novel that flourished in the late 18th and early 19th century in England.2)Gothic romances are mysteries, often involving the supernatural and heavily tinged with horror, and they are usually against dark backgrounds of medieval ruins and haunted castles.*Picaresque novel(流浪汉小说)1)It is a popular sub-genre of prose fiction which is usually satirical and depicts in realistic and often humorous detail the adventures of a roguish hero of low social class who lives by his or her wits in a corrupt society. 2)As indicated by its name, this style of novel originated in Spain, flourished in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, and continues to influence modern literature.*English Romanticism(英国浪漫主义文学)1)The English Romantic period is an age of poetry. Poets started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. They saw poetry as a healing energy; they believed that poetry could purify both individual souls and the society.2)The Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 acts as a manifesto for the English Romanticism.3)The Romantics not only eulogize the faculty of imagination, but also stress the concept of spontaneity and inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true poetry.4)The natural world comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination. Nature is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.*Ode(颂歌)1)Ode is a dignified and elaborately lyric poem of some length, praising and glorifying an individual, commemorating an event, or describing nature intellectually rather than emotionally.2)John Keats wrote great odes. His Ode on a Grecian Urn is a case in point.*Lake Poets(湖畔派诗人)They refer to such romantic poets as William Wordsworth, Samuel Coleridge and Robert Southey who lived in the Lake District. They came to be known as the Lake School or “Lakers”.*Byronic hero（拜伦式英雄）: It refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. With immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles withunconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.Terza rima(三行体)1)It is an Italian verse that consists of a series of three-lines stanzas in which the middle line of each stanza rhymes with the first and third lines of the following stanza with the rhyming scheme ab a, bcb, cdc,ded, etc..2)Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind” is a case in point*Critical Realism(批判现实主义)1)The Critical Realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the beginning of fifties.2)The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate social evils.3)Charls Dickens is the most important critical realist.*Psychological novel(心理小说)1)A vague term to describe that kind of fiction which is for the most part concerned with the spiritual, emotional and mental lives of the characters and with the analysis of characters rather than with the plot and the action.2)Thackeray’s charac terization of Rebecca Sharp is very much psychological.*Narration(叙述)1)Like description, narration is a part of conversation and writing. Narration is the major technique used in expository writing, such as autobiography.2)Successful narration must grow out of good observation, to-the-point selection and clear arrangement of details in logical sequence, which is usually chronological.3)Narration gives an exact picture of things as they occur.*Narrator(叙述者)1)It refers to one who narrates, or tells, a story.2)A story may be told by a first-person narrator, someone who is either a major or minor character in the story. Or a story may be told by a third-person narrator, someone who is not in the story at all.3)The word narrator can also refer to a character in a drama who guides the audience through the play, often commenting on the action and sometimes participating in it.*Plot(情节)1)Plot is the first and most obvious quality of a story. Plot is what happens in a story.2)It consists of the phrases of action in a story that are linked together by a chain of casual relationships.Point of view(叙述角度)1)The event of a story may be told as they appear to one or more participants or observers. In first-person narration the point of view is automatically that of the narrator.2)More variation is possible in third-person narration, where the author may choose to limit his or her report to what could have been observed or known by one of the characters at any given point in the action—or may choose to report the observations and thoughts of several characters. The author might choose to intrude his or her own point of view.*Naturalism(自然主义)1)A post Darwinian movement of the late 19th century that tried to apply the laws of scientific determinism to fiction. 2)The naturalist w ent beyond the realist’s insistence on the objective presentation of the details of everyday life to insist that the materials of literature should be arranged to reflect a deterministic universe in which a person is a biological creature controlled by environment and heredity.3)Major writers include Crane, Dreiser in America; Zola in France ; and Hardy and Gissing in England.*The Aesthetic Movement(唯美主义运动)1)It is a loosely defined movement in literature, fine art, the decorative arts and interior design in later nineteenth-century Britain. 2)It belongs to the anti-Victorian reaction and had post-Romantic roots, and as such anticipates modernism. It took place in the late Victorian Period from around 1868 to 1901, and is generally considered to have ended with the trial of Oscar Wilde (which occurred in 1895).3)The aesthetes believed that art did not have any didactic purpose; it need only be beautiful.Dramatic Monologue(戏剧独白)1)In literature, it refers to the occurrence of a single speaker saying something to a silent audience.2)Robert Browning is My Last Duchess is a typical example in which the duke, speaking to a non-responding audience, reveals not only the reasons for his disapproval of the behavior of his former duchess, but some tyrannical and merciless aspects of his own personality as well.。

英国文学专业术语翻译

英国文学专业术语翻译01. Humanism (人文主义) 02.Renaissance(文艺复兴)03. Metaphysical poetry (玄学派诗歌) 04. Classism (古典主义)05. Enlightenment (启蒙运动) 06. Neoclassicism (新古典主义)07. The Graveyard School (墓地派诗歌) 08. Romanticism (浪漫主义)09. Byronic Hero (拜伦式英雄) 10. Critical Realism (批判现实主义)11. Aesthetic ism（美学主义）13. Modernism (现代主义)14. Stream of consciousness (意识流) (or interior monologue)18. the Age of Realism (现实主义时期)20. Naturalism (自然主义) 21. Local Colorist (乡土文学)22. Imagism (意象主义) 23. The Lost Generation (迷惘的一代)25. The Beat Generation (垮掉的一代) 27. Surrealism (超现实主义)28. Metaphysical poets (玄学派诗人）29. New Criticism (新批评主义)31. Hemingway Code Hero (海明威式英雄32. Impressionism (印象主义)33. Post modernity (后现代主义) 38. Realism (现实主义)39. Meditative Poetry (冥想派诗歌)01. Allegory (寓言) 2. Alliteration (头韵)03. Ballad (民谣) 04. epic (史诗)06. Romance (传奇) 05. Lay (短叙事诗)07. Alexandrine (亚历山大诗行) 08. Blank V erse (无韵诗或素体广义地说09. Comedy (喜剧) 10. Essay (随笔)12. History Plays (历史剧) 13. Masquesc or Masks (假面剧)14. Morality plays (道德剧) 15.Sonnet (十四行诗)16. Spenserian Stanza (斯宾塞诗节) 17. Stanza (诗节)18. Three Unities (三一原则) 19. Tragedy (悲剧)21.Metar (格律24. Soliloquy (独白)25.Narrative Poem (叙述诗) 27. Beowulf (贝奥武甫)29. Cavalier poets (骑士派诗人) 30. Elegy (挽歌)31. Restoration Comedy (复辟时期喜剧) 32. Action (情节33. Adventure novel (探险小说) 34. Archaism (古语)35. Atmosphere (基调)37. Epigram (警句)39. The Heroic Couplet (英雄对偶句) 40. Satire (讽刺)41. Sentimentalism (感伤主义文学) 43.Denouement (戏剧结局)42. Aside (旁白) 44. parable (寓言)45. Genre (流派) 46. Irony (反讽)47. Lyric (抒情诗) 48. Mock Epic (诙谐史诗)49. Ode (颂歌) 51. Pastoral (田园诗)52.Terza Rima (三行诗) 53. Ottava Rima (八行诗)54. Canto (诗章) ke Poets (湖畔诗人)57. Imagery (比喻) 58. Dramatic monologue （戏剧独白）59. Pre-Raphaelites (先拉菲尔派) 60. Psychological novel (心理小说)61.Point of V iew (叙述角度) 62. plot (情节)63. Allusion (典故)64. Protagonist and Antagonist (正面人物与反面人物)65. Flashback (倒叙) P133 66. Narration67. Ambiguity69. Symbolism (象征主义)72. Existentialism (存在主义) 73. Anti-hero (反面人物)74 . Round Character (丰满的人物) 75. Flat character (平淡的人物)76. Oedipus complex (俄狄浦斯情结/ 蛮母厌父情结)77.omniscience (无所不知的)78. Poetry (诗歌) 79. Rhyme (押韵)80. Iambic pentameter (五音步诗) 81. Rhyme royal82. Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗) 83. Italian or petranrchan sonnet(意大利十四行诗)85. Poetic license (诗的破格) 86. Epiphany (主显节)87. Psychological penetration (心理透视) 88. Legend (传说)89. Myth (神话) 90. Pessimism (悲观主义)91. Jacobean age (英王詹姆斯一世时期) 92. Tragicomedy (悲喜剧)93. Comedy of manners (风俗喜剧) 94. Gothic novel (哥特式小说)95. Historical novel (历史小说) 96.Unitarianism (上帝一位论)99. Consonance (和音) 100. Free V erse (自由体诗歌)02. Theme (主题) 06. Theatre of the Absurd (荒谬剧)13. Magic realism (魔幻现实主义) 14. Analogy (类比)15. Anapest (抑抑扬格) 16. Antagonist (次要人物)17. Antithesis (对立) 18. Aphorism (格言) 20. Argument (论据) 21. Autobiography (自传) 23. Biography (传记) 26. Character (人物)27. Characterization (性格描绘) 28. Climax (高潮)29. Conflict (冲突) 30. Connotation (隐含意义)31. Couplet (对偶) 32. Dactyl (扬抑抑格)33. Denotation (意义) T 34. Denouement (结局)35. Description (叙述) 36. Diction (措词)37. Dissonance (不协和音) 38. Emblematic image (象征比喻)A verbal picture or figure with a long tradition of moral or religious meaning attached to it.44. Exposition (解释说明) 45. Fable (寓言)46. Figurative language (比喻语言) 47. Figure of speech (修辞特征)48. Foil (衬托) 49. Foot (脚注) 50. Hyperbole (夸张). 51. Iamb (抑扬格) 59. Metaphor (暗喻) 63. Motivation (动机)64. Multiple Point of View (多视角) 65. Narrator (叙述者)67. Nonfiction (写实文学) 68. Novel (小说)69. Octave (八行体诗) 70. Onomatopoeia (拟声法构词)71. Oxymoron (矛盾修辞法) 72. Paradox (自相矛盾)73. Parallelism (平行) 74. Pathos (哀婉) 75. Persuasion (说服) 76. Pictorialism (图像) 77. Pre-Romanticism (先浪漫主义) 78. Protagonist (正面人物)79. Psalm (圣歌) 80. Psychological Realism (心理现实主义) 81. Pun (双关语) 82. Quatrain (四行诗)83.Quintain (五行诗) the five-line stanza. 84. Refrain (叠句)85. Rhythm (韵律) 86. Scansion (诗的韵律分析)87. Septet (七重唱)88. Sestet (六重唱) 89. Setting (背景)90. Short Story (短篇小说) 91. Simile (明喻)。

Literary term文学术语

Synecdoche
[sɪ'nekdəki] n.提喻法 Examples: • There are about 100 hands workin g in his factory. • He is the Newton of this century. • The fox goes very well with your c ap.
•
In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called romanticism came to Europe and then to England. • It was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism, which emphasized reason, order and elegant wit. Instead, romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty. • In the history of literature. Romanticism is generally regarded as the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and experience. The English romantic period is an age of poetry which prevailed in England from 1798 to 1837. The major romantic poets include Wordsworth, Byron and Shelley.

文学术语

文学术语Terms in English Literature1.Allegory (寓言)A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities.寓言，讽喻：一种文学、戏剧或绘画的艺术手法，其中人物和事件代表抽象的观点、原则或支配力。

2.Alliteration (头韵)Alliteration is the repetition of the same initial consonant sound within a line or a group of words.头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。

3.Allusion (典故)A reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to.典故：作者对某些读者熟悉并能够做出反映的特定人物，地点，事件，文学作品的引用。

4.Analogy (类比)A comparison made between two things to show the similarities between them.类比：为了在两个事物之间找出差别而进行的比较。

5. Antagonist (反面主角)The principal character in opposition to the protagonist or hero or heroineof a narrative or drama.反面主角：叙事文学或戏剧中与男女主人公或英雄相对立的主要人物。

6. Antithesis (对仗)The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words, or sentences.对仗：两组相对的思想，言辞，词句的平衡。

英国文学term

Epic：It is, originally, a long oral narrative poem that operates on a grand scale and deals with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance.Most epics deal with the exploits (功绩）of a single individual and also interlace the main narrative with myths, legends, folk tales and past events;there is a composite effect（复合效果), the entire culture of a country cohering in the overall experience of the poem. Epic poems are not merely entertaining stories of legendary or historical heroes; they summarize and express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial period of its history.Renaissance（文艺复兴）Renaissance means rebirth or revival. It is commonly applied to the movement or period in western civilization, which marks the transition from the medieval to the modern world. It first started in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe, lasting into early 17th century. It has two striking features. One is the revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism(蒙昧主义). The translation, study and propagation of classical learning and art was carried on by the progressive thinkers of the humanists. Another feature is Humanism, which is the keynote of the Renaissance. Humanists emphasized the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.As a whole, Renaissance broke the chain and bondage of feudal and theological(神学的) ties and brought human wisdom and capacity into full play.EssayThe word comes from a French word essai, meaning attempt or try. In literary term it refers to a piece of prose writing, usually short, that deals with a subject in a limited way and expresses a particular point of view. An essay may be serious or humorous, tightly organized or rambling, restrained or emotional. The development of the form may be considered a result of the Renaissance emphasis on the individual, which fostered exploration of one’s inner self in relation to the outside world.Metaphysical Poets(玄学派诗人):It refers to a group of religious poets in the first half of the 17th century whose works were characterized by their wit, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas. Their work is a blend of emotion and intellectual ingenuity, mainly characterized by conceit (奇思妙喻) —that is, an elaborate metaphor comparing two apparently dissimilar objects or emotions, often with an effect of shock or surprise. In the words of Samuel Johnson, conceits are “a combination of dissimilar images, or discovery of occult resemblances in things apparently unlike.conceit (奇思妙喻)an elaborate metaphor comparing two apparently dissimilar objects or emotions, often with an effect of shock or surprise. In the words of Samuel Johnson, conceits are “a combination of dissimilar images, or discovery of occult resemblances in things apparently unlike.(把截然不同的意象结合在一起，从显然绝不相似的事物中发现隐藏着的相似点)”SonnetIt is a lyric poem of 14 lines with a formal rhyme scheme, expressing different aspects of a single thought, mood, or feeling, sometimes resolved or summed up in the last lines of the poem. Sonnets vary in structure and rhyme scheme, but are generally of two types: the Italian or Petrarchan sonnet and English or Shakespearean sonnet. The Italian sonnet is a form that originated in Italy in the 13th century. It has two parts, an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines).Its thyme scheme is usually abbaabba cdecde. Petrarch inspired the vogue of sonnet writing in Elizabethan England. The Shakespearean sonnet consists of three quatrains and a concluding couplet, with the rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg. A less important sonnet form is the Spenserian sonnet, whose rhyme scheme is ababbcbccdcdee.Enlightenment（启蒙运动）The 18th-century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France & swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th & 16th centuries. On the whole, it was an expression of struggle of bourgeoisie against feudalism. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modem philosophical and artistic ideas. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism, and celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual needs and requirements of people.neo-classicism(新古典主义)In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism.According to the neoclassicists, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers (Homer, Virgil, & so on) and those of the contemporary French ones. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. This belief led them to seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literary expressions, in an effort to delight, instruct and correct human beings, primarily as social animals.Addison, Steele, Pope, Johnson and many others were all belong to neo-classic school.Sentimentalism（感伤主义）Sentimentalism was another literary current began from the middle of the 18th century in England. It came into being as a result of a bitter discontent on the part of certain enlighteners in social reality. It indulged in emotion and sentiment, which were used as a sort of relief for the grieves and heart-aches felt toward the world’s wrongs, and as a kind of mild protest against the social injustice. Writers of sentimentalism strove for something natural and spontaneous in thoughts and language. An interest in nature as well as natural relations between man and man was awaken in their literature creation. Some of its representative writers are Thomas Gray, Laurence Sterne and Oliver Goldsmith.Romanticism（浪漫主义）—The term refers to the literary and artistic movements of the late 18th and early 19th century. Romanticism rejected the earlier philosophy of the Enlightenment, which stressed that logic and reason were the best response humans had in the face of cruelty, stupidity, superstition and barbarism. The Romantic movement typically asserts the unique nature of the individual, the privileged status of imagination and fancy, the value of spontaneity over “artifice” and “convention”, the human need for emotional outlets, the rejection of civilized corruption, and a desire to return to natural primitivism and escape the spiritual destruction of urban life.Humanism（人文主义）Broadly, this term suggests any attitude which tends to exalt the human element or stress the importance of human interests, as opposed to the supernatural, divine elements. In literary history this term is mostly used to designate the essence of the Renaissance. According to humanist, it was against human nature to sacrifice the happiness of this life for an after life. They argued that man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life. In religion they demanded the reformation of the church. In art and literature, instead of singing praise to God, they sang in praise of man and of the pursuit of happiness in this life. Humanism shattered the shackles of spiritual bondage of man’s mind by the Roman Catholic Church and opened his eyes to “ a brave new world ”in front of him.。

英国文学下 terms 名词解释汇总

1.Romanticism: It was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment. It was influenced by three revolution: American and French revolutions, national liberation movements and democratic movements swept across many European countries.The essence of it is the glorification of instinct and emotion, a deep veneration of nature, and a flaming zeal to remark the world.2.Romantic movement: characteristic--subjectivism\spontaneity\singularity\worship of nature\simplicity\dominating note of melancholy\poets outpoured their feelings and emotions3.Luddite movement:it is a machine-breaking movement named after Ned Ludd. With the invention of new machines, many skilled workers were replaced by women and children. Workers organized themselves and gave voice to their distress by breaking machines. The riots lated from 1811 to 1818.4. Ballad:(1)a narrative poet that tells a story.(2) the beginning is often abrupt(3)have strong dramatic elements(4)often told through dialogue and action(5)the theme is often tragic(6) ballad meter:contains four-line stanzas. The odd numbered lines have four feet each and the even numbered lines have three feet each.Rhymes fall on the even numbered lines. And there is often a refrain at the end of each stanza.5. Byronic heroes: are men with fiery passions and unbending will and express the poet's own ideal of freedom. These heroes rise against tyranny and injustice, but they are merely lone fighters striving for personal freedom and some individualistic ends.6. Lyrical poets:the cavaliers were royalists,whose poetry was marked by courtliness,urbanity,and polish.(the theme is carpe diem,17th at the court reflected the extravanvgance and moral looseness of court life)7.Petrarchan sonnet:consists of an octave and a sestet, and the rhyme scheme is abba,abba,cdcdcd. first eight lines--an octave(abba abba)--raise problems;next six lines--a sestet(cde cde)--answer to the theme.8. Ode: in ancient literature, it is an elaborate, lyrical poem composed for a chorus to chant and to dance, to In modern use, it is a rhymed lyric expressing noble feelings, often addressed to a person or celebrating an event.9. Oxymoron: phrase combining two seemingly incompatible elements10. Terza rima: was used by Dante in The Divine Comedy. The first and third lines rhyme second line is in rhyme with the fourth and sixth lines, the rhyme scheme being aba,bab,cdc,ded,ee. This linked chain gives a feeling of onward motion; the verse has a breathless quality which is in keeping with the onward motion of the wind's movement. The metrical pattern of each line is basically iambic pentameter.11.writers at Victorian period:(victorian literature truthfully represents the reality and spirit of the age, vitality, down-to-earth, good natured humor and unbounded imagination--optimistic) Novelist: George Eliot, Thomas HardyProse writer: Thomas Carlyle, Mathew ArnoldPoets: Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browningthe early Victorian Period (ending around 1870) and the late Victorian Period. Writers associated with the early period are: Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892), Robert Browning (1812-1889), Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861), Emily Bronte (1818-1848), Matthew Arnold (1822-1888), Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882), Christina Rossetti (1830-1894), George Eliot (1819-1880), Anthony Trollope (1815-1882) and Charles Dickens (1812-1870).Writers associated with the late Victorian Period include: George Meredith (1828-1909), Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889), Oscar Wilde (1856-1900), Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936), A.E. Housman (1859-1936), and Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894).12. realism: writing that stresses careful description of setting and trapping of daily life, psychological probability and the lives of ordinary people. Its practitioners believe they are presenting life"as it really is" Ibsen's A Doll House is an example.13. Dramatic monologue: perfected by Robert Browning, a type of poem, consists of a single speaker talking to one or more unseen audience,revealing much more about the speaker than he or she seems to intend, know more the personality of speaker rather than what's talking about. Penetrates to depth the psychology of his characters and through their own speeches, analyze and dissects his characters and reveals the innermost secret of their lives14. anapaestic: in the first two line two unaccented syllables of each foot are omitted,but the time is preserved by the three long pauses / (of a metric foot) characterized by two short syllables followed by a long one15. Aesthetic movement: appeared on the literary scene of England in the late Victorian period. It was influenced by the French symbolists. The predecessor of the movement was the Pre-Raphaelists, a group of young writers and artists who were opposed to the materialism and commercialism of the Victorian age and who wanted to create or recreate literary forms like those before the period of Raphaol,that is ,they wanted to go back to the medieval age.16. Hedonism: the belief that pleasure is the chief good in life1.Allegory: is a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underlying meaning, and serve to spread moral teaching.It has a primary meaning and underlying meaning.2.Alliteration: the repetition of the same sound at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other.3.Alliterative verse: paragraphs of long alliterative lines of varying length are followed by a single line of two syllables,called 'the bob' and a group of four-stressed lines called "the wheel"4.Anglo-Saxon prose: Created by King Alfred, not obscure.5.Ballad: (1)a narrative poet that tells a story.(2) the beginning is often abrupt(3)have strong dramatic elements(4)often told through dialogue and action(5)the theme is often tragic(6) ballad meter:contains four-line stanzas. The odd numbered lines have four feet each and the even numbered lines have three feet each.Rhymes fall on the even numbered lines. And there is often a refrain at the end of each stanza.6.Ballad: a narrative poem that tells a story. It has basic characteristics:the beginning is often abrupt;there are strong dramatic elements;the story is often told through dialogue and action;the theme is often tragic7.Border ballad: a group of ballad dealing with blood strifes on the English-Scottish border.8.Blank verse:unrhymed iambic pentameter.the chief verse used by Shakespeare.9.Caesura(中间休止)：a cutting, break or pause in a line of peotry.10.Epic: a lengthy narrative poem, containing details of heroic deeds,may be oral ofwritten; have been written down at least since Homer, and Virgil, Dante and John Milton.11.Feminine rhyme: the rhymed words with one or more unaccented syllables as in subtle,rebuttal12.Fytte: one section of a poem13.heroic couplet: this verse form was introduce into English by Geoffrey Chaucer. It is traditional form for English poetry,commonly used for epic and narrative poetry;it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs(aa,bb...)of iambic pentameter(the ten-syllable line in rhymed couplets)lines.The rhyme is always masculine.14.Humanism(English Renaissance):man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life. In religion they demanded the reformation of the church. In art and literature,instead of singing praise to God, they sang in praise of man and of the pursuit of happiness in this life. It shattered the shackle of spiritual bondage and opened his eyes to 'a brave new world' in front of him.15.Iambic: two-syllable foot consisting of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one.Trochaic: if we reverse the order of accented syllable,placing the stressed syllable to the first, we habe a trochaic.16.Kenning(隐喻): a metaphor usually composed of two words, which becomes the formula for a special object.17.Lyrical poets: the cavaliers were royalists,whose poetry was marked by courtliness,urbanity,and polish.(the theme is carpe diem,17th at the court reflected the extravanvgance and moral looseness of court life)18.Meter: meter is the patterned count of accent of syllable group in the line.19.Metaphysical poetry: describing a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by bold and ingenious conceits,incongruous imagery, complexity of thought,frequent use of paradox, and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression.(the main theme are love,death,religion)tonic style(Latinate): instead of using the common English sentence pattern of subject-verb0object order, Milton uses more elaborate patterns drawn from Latin. He is very fond of using inversion and allusions.(the blank verse, the unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter,is used throughout the epic and is characterized by its employment of long and involved sentences,which run on many lines with a variety of pauses,and achieving sometimes an elaborately logical effect. This richness of poetical style has been called "Mliton style")21.Octave: the first eight lines of a sonnet or a eight-line poemSestet（六行诗节）: the following six lines of a sonnet22.Petrarchan sonnet: consists of an octave and a sestet, and the rhyme scheme is abba,abba,cdcdcd.23.pun(双关):the usually humorous use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more of its meanings or the meaning of another word similar in sound. It consists of a deliberate confusion of similar words or phrases for rhetorical effect, whether humorous or serious. It can rely on the assumed equivalency of multiple similar words(homonymy), of different shades of meaning of one word (polysemy), or of a literal meaning with a metaphor. Bad puns are often considered to be cheesy.24.Repetition and variation: the same idea is expressed more than once by the use of different words which are more or less synonyms.25.Rhyme: the pulse or beat in the poetic line.26.rhythm:the basic unit of meter is called the foot, a foot is one unit of rhythm.33.Robinson style: words are plain,simple,almost without any imagery of figure speech.monotonous without rhetorical devices27.Romance: 12th and 13th means the vernacular language;means a tale in verse, embodying the life and adventures of knights, about love, chivalry and religion. Motif is quest and test, meeting the evil, attack infidelity and super-natural elements and imagined maiden to accomplish a mission and a happy ending.(structure is lose, episodic;language is simple, straightforward) It falls three categories:(1) France,Charlemagne the Great(Chanson de Roland)(2) Rome, Alexander the Great and the siege of Troy(3) Britain,Arthurian legend,about Sir Gawain, Launcelot,Merlin, the quest for the Holy Grail, and the death of King Arthur.28.Soliloquy(dramatic irony): the audience know everything,but characters don't.(often used in drama)29.Sonnet:a short song in the original meaning of the word, contains 14 lines,usually in iambic pentameter with various rhymimg schemes.It was first written by Petrarch. Petrarch's sonnet: first eight lines--an octave(abba abba)--raise problems;next six lines--a sestet(cde cde)--answer to the theme.Shakespear's sonnet: consists three quantrains(abab cdcd efef)--theme is put forward and developed ; ends with a couplet rhyming(gg)--a surprise conclusion of shift of ideas.30.Spenser stanza:a group of eight lines of iambic pentameter followed by a six-stress iambic line(an Alexandrine),with a rhyme scheme ababbcbcc31.Synecdoche(提喻):when one uses a part to represent the whole.32.The 18th century: 文学- age of Neo-classicism科学-age of reason人文-age of enlightenment34.Three dramatic units: action,place,time35.The ideal of feudal knighthood：chivalry,chastity, piety,friendliness and free-giving36.The four subjects of Medieval knowledge: Theology, Philosophy, Medicine and Law.。

英国文学名词术语解释(已整理版)

Iambic pentameter is a commonly used type of metrical line in traditional English poetry and verse drama. The term describes the rhythm that the words establish in that line, which is measured in small groups of syllables called "feet". The word "iambic" refers to the type of foot that is used, known as the iamb, which in English is an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. The word "pentameter" indicates that a line has five of these "feet".Iambic rhythms come relatively naturally in English. Iambic pentameter is the most common meter in English poetry; it is used in many of the major English poetic forms, including blank verse, the heroic couplet, and some of the traditional rhymed stanza forms. William Shakespeare used iambic pentameter in his plays and sonnets.Allegory Allegories are typically used as literary devices or rhetorical devices that convey hidden meanings through symbolic figures, actions, imagery, and/or events, which together create the moral, spiritual, or political meaning the author wishes to convey.Epic(史诗)An epic is a long oral narrative poem that operates on a grand scale and deals with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance .Most epics deal with the exploits of a single individual and also interlace the main narrative with myths, legends, folk tales and past events; there is a composite effect, the entire culture of a country cohering in the overall experience of the poem . Epic poems are not merely entertaining stories of legendary or historical heroes; they summarize and express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial period of its history.简史P39Blank verse is poetry written in regular metrical but unrhymed lines, almost always iambic pentameters.[1] It has been described as "probably the most common and influential form that English poetry has taken since the 16th century"[2] and Paul Fussell has estimated that "about three-quarters of all English poetry is in blank verse."[3]Christopher Marlowe was the first English author to make full use of the potential of blank verse. The major achievements in English blank verse were made by William Shakespeare. Blank verse, of varying degrees of regularity, has been used quite frequently throughout the 20th century in original verse and in translations of narrative verse.Ode(颂歌) Long, often elaborate formal lyric poem of varying line lengths dealing with a subject matter and treating it reverently. It aims at glorifying an individual, commemorating an event, or describing nature intellectually rather than emotionally. Conventionally, many odes are written or dedicated to a specifie subject. For instance,Ode to the West Wind is about the winds that bring change of season in England. Ode to the Nightingale is about the nightingale that lures the poet temporarily away from his great misery. The earliest English odes include the Epithalamion and the Prothalamion,or marriage hymns by poet Edmund Spenser.Metaphysical poetry（玄学诗） a derogatory term invented by John Dryden(1631-1700 ) and later adopted by Samuel Johnson(1709-1784) describing a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by bold and ingenious conceits,incongruous imagery,complexity of thought,frequent use of paradox,and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression.The main themes of metaphysical poets are love,death,and religion.According to them,all things in the universe, no matter how dissimilar they are to each other,are closely unified in God.The chief representative of this school was John Donne.Byronic belonging to or derived from Lord Byron(1788-1824)or his works. The Byronic hero is a character-type found in his celebrated narrative poem Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage(1812-18),his verse drama Manfred(1817),and other works:he is a boldly defiant butbitterly self –tormenting outcast,proudly contemptuous of social norms but suffering for some unnamed sin. Emily Bronte’s Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights(1847)is a later example.Heroic couplet a rhymed pair of iambic pentameter lines:Let Observation with extensive ViewSurvey Mankind, from China to Peru (Johnson)Named from its use by Dryden and others in the heroic drama of the late 17th century,the heroic couplet had been established much earlier by Chaucer as a major English verse-form for narrative and other kinds of non-dramatic portry: it dominated English poetry of the 18th century,notably in the couplets of Pope,before declining in importance in the early 19th century.Soliloquy a dramatic speech uttered by one character speaking aloud while alone on the stage (or while under the impression of being alone).The soliloquist thus reveals his or her inner thoughts and feelings to the audience,either in supposed self-communion or in a consciously direct address. Soliloquies often appear in plays from the age of Shakespeare, notably in his Hamlet and Macbeth. A poem supposedly uttered by a solitary speaker,like Robert Browning’s‘Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister’(1842),may also be called a soliloquy. Soliloquy is a form of monologue,but a monologue is not a soliloquy if (as in the dramatic monologue) the speaker is not alone.简史P39 Sonnet a lyric poem comprising 14 rhyming lines of equal length:iambic pentameters in English,alexandrines in French,hendecasyllables in ltalian. The rhyme schemes of the sonnet follow two basic patterns.①The Italian sonnet②The English sonnetSpenserian stanza （宾塞诗体）an English poetic stanza of nine iambic lines, the first eight being pentameters while the ninth is a longer line known either as an iambic hexameter or as an alexandrine.The rhyme scheme is ababbcbcc. The stanza is named after Edmund Spenser,who invented it------probably on the basis of the ottava rima stanza-----for his long allegorical romance The Faerie Queene (1590-6). It was revived successfully by the younger English Romantic poets of the early 19th century: Byron used it for Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage(1812,1816), Keats for‘The Eve of St Agnes’(1820),and Shelley for The Revolt of Islam (1818)and Adonais (1821).Lake poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey became known as the Lake Poets, because they lived in the Lake District in the northwestern part of England. According to the critics, such as, Francis Jeffrey, Thomas De Quincey, the Lake Poets shared only friendship and brief periods of collaboration, not similar philosophies or poetic styles.Wordsworth used his imaginative powers to idealize nature, Coleridge explored the philosophical aspects of poetry,Southey's Romantic efforts centered on travel and adventure.Stream of Consciousness(意识流)Stream of Consciousness(意识流) ：Stream of consciousness, which presents the thoughts of a character in the random, seemingly unorganized fashion in which the thinking process occurs, has the following characteristics. First, it reveals the action or plot through the mental processes of the characters rather than through the commentary of an omniscient author. Second, character development is achieved through revelation of extremely personal and often typical thought processes rather than through the creation of typical characters in typical circumstances. Third, the action of the plot seldom corresponds to real, chronological time, but moves back and forth through present time to memories of past events and drams of the future. Fourth, it replaces narration, description, and commentary with dramatic interior monologue and free association.Critical Realism (批判现实主义) Critical realism is one of the literary genres thatflourished mainly in the 19th century. It reveals the corrupting influence of the rule of cash upon human nature. Here lies the essentially democratic and humanistic character of critical realism. The English critical realists of the 19th century not only gave a satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruling classes, but also showed profound sympathy for the common people. In their best works, they used humor and satire to contrast the greed and hypocrisy of the upper classes with the honesty and good-heartedness of the obscure “simple people” of the lower classes. Humorous scenes set off the actions of the positive characters, and the humor is often tinged with a lyricism which serves to stress the fine qualities of such characters. At the same time,bitter satire and grotesque is used to expose the seamy side of the bourgeois society. The critical realists, however, did not find a way to eradicate the social evils they knew so well. They did not realize the necessity of changing the bourgeois society through conscious human effort. Their works do not point toward revolution but rather evolution or reformism. They often start with a powerful exposure of the ugliness of the bourgeois world in their works, but their novels usually have happy endings or an impotent compromise at the end. Here are the strength and weakness of critical realism.Classicism（古典主义）: A movement or tendency in art, music, and literature to retain the characteristics found in work originating in classical Greece and Rome. It differs from Romanticism in that while Romanticism dwells on the emotional impact of a work, classicism concerns itself with form and discipline.Romanticism(浪漫主义) The term refers to the literary and artistic movements of the late 18th and early 19th century. Romanticism rejected the earlier philosophy of the Enlightenment, which stressed that logic and reason were the best response humans had in the face of cruelty, stupidity, superstition, and barbarism. Instead ,the Romantics asserted that reliance upon emotion and natural passions provided a valid and powerful means of knowing and a reliable guide to ethics and living.The Romantic movement typically asserts the unique nature of the individual, the privileged status of imagination and fancy, the value of spontaneity over “artifice”and “convention”, the human need for emotional outlets, the rejection of civilized corruption, and a desire to return to natural primitivism and escape the spiritual destruction of urban life Their writings are often set in rural, or Gothic settings and they show an obsessive concern with “innocent”characters----children, young lovers, and animals. The major Romantic poets included William Blake, William Wordsworth, John Keats , Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Lord Gordon Byron.Aestheticism( 美学主义) The basic theory of the Aesthetic movement----“art for art’s sake”----was set forth by a French poet, Theophile Gautier. The first Englishman who wrote about the theory of aestheticism was Walter Pater, the most important critical writer of the late 19th century. The chief representative of the movement in England was Oscar Wilde,with his Picture of Dorian Gray. Aestheticism places art above life, and holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life. According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective. Art should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art’s sake,can it be immortal They believed that art should be unconcerned with controversial issues, such as politics and morality, and that it should be restricted to contributing beauty in a highly polished style. This was one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Victorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the Victorian convention of art for morality’s sake, or art for money’s sake.Neoclassicism The term mainly applies to the classical tendency which dominated the literature of the early period. It was, at least in part, the result of a reaction against the fires of passion which had blazed in the late Renaissance, especially in the metaphysical poetry. It found itsartistic models in the classical literature of the ancient Greek and Roman writers like Homer, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, etc. and in the contemporary French writers such as V oltaire and Diderot. It put the stress on the classical artistic ideals of order, logic, proportion, restrained emotion, accuracy, good taste and decorum.Such elegant styles were found in almost all the writings of the period, especially in those of John Dryden, Alexander Pope，Jonathan Swift, Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, Henry Fielding, Samuel Johnson, Oliver Goldsmith, Edward Gibbon , the man who wrote the famous history The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire(1776―1788) , and other neoclassicist writers. They were careful imitators. Their approach was thoroughly professional. Their works, mostly refined and perfect, are conscientious craftsmanship and often highly didactic. Neoclassical poetry , as represented by Dryden, Pope, and Johnson, reached its stylistic perfection during the period, although to the modem readers it seems to lack in imagination and energy. The neoclassical poetry is one of the most significant phenomena in the literature of the age, to which it has given its name.Naturalism（自然主义）: it first appeared in France, there naturalists including Zola turned especially to “slum life”, in England flourished in the 2nd half of 19th century; naturalists argued that literature reflect life, be “true to life”, writer must reproduce in his writings life exactly as it is, (including all details without any selection), theory of “a slice of life”; However, a fallacy, for impossible to include all the details in real life; only give the appearance of life but not its essence. In England, two outstanding writers in the last decades: George Gissing, George Moore.Neo-Romanticism（新浪漫主义）: it appeared at the end of 19th century and represented by Robert Louis Stevenson; it protests against the ugly social reality of their day but taking no positive steps about it，in a sense another form of escapism; dissatisfied with the contemporary reality, but at best a mild dissatisfaction; tried to find interest or enjoyment out from sheer imagination and fancy by creating exciting events and romantic characters that can hardly exist in reality，indulge in the description of exciting adventures in distant lands to deal with the heroic, to lay emphasis on the complexity and sensationalism of the material, Treasure Island, the representative in this school.Modernism（现代主义）: Around the two world wars, many writers and artists began to suspect and be discontent with the capitalism. They tried to find new ways to express their understanding of the world. It was a movement of experiments in techniques in writing. It flourished in the 20s and 30s in English literature.They turned their interest to describing what was happening in the minds of their characters. Because of their emphasis on the psychological activities of the characters, their writings are also called psychological novels. The Representatives are W.B. Yeats and T.S. Eliot,D.H. Lawrence, E.M. Foster, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf.。

英国文学literary terms

HumanismHumanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. NeoclassicismAccording to neoclassicism, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers. Neoclassicism emphasizes such artistic ideals as order, logic, restrained emotion, accuracy and literature’s service to humanity. Alexander Pope is one of the representatives of neoclassicism. 3. RomanticismRomanticism gives primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty. It is generally regarded as the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience. The English Romantic Period is an age of poetry.4. Critical RealismEnglish critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The critical realists described with much vividness and great artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint. The greatest English realist of the time was Charles Dickens. 5. ModernismModernism is an international movement in literature and arts, especially in literary criticism, which began in the late 19th century and flourished until 1950s. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private and subjective than on the public and objective, mainly concerned with the inner of an individual. James Joyce, T. S. Eliot and Virginia Woolf are prominent modernist writers.。

英国文学terms解释考试必备

Epic: it’s an oral narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style. Epics deal with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance, involving action of broad sweep and grandeur. They summarize and express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial period of its history. Eg: Paradise Lost, the Divine Comedy.Romance: the romance was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. The medieval romances were tales of chivalry or amorous adventure occurring in King Arthur’s court. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight are both examples of a medieval romance.Renaissance: it first started in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. The word “Renaissance” means rebirth or revival. In essence, it’s a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to lift the restriction in all areas placed by the Roman Catholic Church authorities.Sonnet: a lyric poem of 14 lines whose rhyme scheme is fixed. The rhyme scheme in the Italian form as typified in the sonnets of Petrarch is abbaabba cdecde. The petrarchian sonnet has two divisions: the first is of eight lines, and the second id of six lines. The rhyme scheme of the English, or Shakespearean sonnet is abab cdcd efef gg.Spenserian Stanza: Spenser invented a new verse form for his poem. The verse form has been called “Spenserian Stanza” since his day. Each stanza has nine lines, each of the first eight lines is in iambic pentameter form, and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter line. The rhythm scheme is abab bcbc c.Enlightenment: the Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century. It was an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They thought the chief means for bettering the society was “Enlightenment”or “education” for the people. The English enlighteners were bourgeois democratic thinkers.Classicism: a movement or tendency in art, music, and literature to retain the characteristics found in work originating in classical Greece and Rome. It differs from Romanticism in that while Romanticism dwells on the emotional impact of a work, classicism concerns itself with form and discipline.Sentimentalism:it appeared in the middle of the 18th century, as a reaction against commercialism and the cold rationalism. Sentimentalism emphasize “the human heart” and show sympathy to the poor. Thomas Gray is one of the models.Pre-romanticism: the romantic movement was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of classicism, by a renewed interest in medieval literature. In England, this movement showed itself in the trend of pre-romanticism in poetry. It was represented by Blake and Robert Burns. They struggled against the neoclassical tradition of poetry.Gothic novel: the term “gothic” derived from the frequent setting of the tales in the ruined, moss0covered castles of the Middle Ages. Gothic novel exploits the possibilities of mystery and terror. These novels, in rebellion against the increasing commercialism and rationalism, opened up to later fiction the dark, irrational side of human nature - the savage egoism, the perverse impulses, and the nightmarish terror that lie beneath the controlled and ordered surface of the conscious mind.Stream-of-consciousness: is the continuous flow of sense-perceptions, thoughts, feelings, and memories in the human mind: or a literary method of representing such a blending of mental processes in fictional characters, usually in an unpunctuated or disjointed form of interior monologue.Non-classicism: a revival in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of classical standards of order, balance and harmony in the literature. John Dryden was the first person who started the movement at the end of the 17th century, while Alexander Pope brought it to its culmination.Realism: a term used in literature and art to present life as it really is without sentimentalizing or idealizing it. Realistic writing often depicts the everyday life and speech of ordinary people. This has led, sometimes to an emphasis on sordid details. Allegory: a story illustrating an idea or a moral principle in which objects take on symbolic meanings. In Dante Alighieri’s “Divine Comedy,” Dante, symbolizing mankind, is taken by Virgil the poet on a journey through Hell, Purgatory and Paradise in order to teach him the nature of sin and its punishments, and the way to salvation.Conceit: a far-fetched simile or metaphor, a literary conceit occurs when the speaker compares two highly dissimilar things. In the following example from Act V of Shakespeare’s “Richard II” the imprisoned King Richard compares his cell to the world in the following line: I have been study how I may compare this prison where I live unto the world.Metaphysical Poetry: the poetry of John Donne and other seventeenth-century poets who wrote in a similar style. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborates imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas.Iambic Pentameter: is a commonly used metrical line in traditional verse and verse drama. The term describes the particular rhythm that the words establish in that line. That rhythm is measured in small groups of syllables; these small groups of syllablesare called "feet". The word "iambic" describes the type of foot that is used. The word "pentameter" indicates that a line has five of these "feet."Heroic Couplet:is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines. Use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Legend of Good Women and the Canterbury Tales.Terza Rima:is a rhyming verse stanza form that consists of an interlocking three-line rhyme scheme. It was first used by the Italian poet Dante Alighieri. Terza rima is a three-line stanza using chain rhyme in the pattern A-B-A, B-C-B, C-D-C, D-E-D. There is no limit to the number of lines, but poems or sections of poems written in terza rima end with either a single line or couplet repeating the rhyme of the middle line of the final tercet.Soliloquy: is a device often used in drama when a character speaks to himself or herself, relating thoughts and feelings, thereby also sharing them with the audience. Other characters, however, are not aware of what is being said. A soliloquy is distinct from a monologue or an aside: a monologue is a speech where one character addresses other characters; an aside is a comment by one character towards the audience.Blank verse: is poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. It has been described as "probably the most common and influential form that English poetry has taken since the sixteenth century"and Paul Fussell has estimated that "about three-quarters of all English poetry is in blank verse."Romanticism was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850. Partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, it was also a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.Byronic Hero: is an idealized but flawed character exemplified in the life and writings of Lord Byron. It first appears in Byron’s semi-autobiographical epic narrative poem Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. It typically exhibits the following characteristics: high level of intelligence and perception, criminal tendencies, sophisticated and educated, ect.。

英美文学术语terms

1.alliteration：It is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or morewords that are next to or close to each other. It is a form of initial rhyme, or head rhyme.2.caesura：a pause in a line of verse, often coinciding with a break between clauses orsentences. It is usually placed in the middle of the line, but may appear near the beginning or towards the end.3.Sonnet - a lyric poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, with rhymes arranged according to certain definite patterns. It usually expresses a single, complete thought, idea, or sentiment.4.Free verse: a kind of poetry that does not conform to any regular metre: the length of its lines is irregular, as is its use of rhyme.5. heroic couplet: a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines.6. Paradox: a statement or expression so surprisingly self-contradictory as to provoke us into seeking another sense or context in which it would be true.7. Conceit: An unusually far-fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings.8. Mock epic: a poem employing the lofty style and the conventions of the epic poetry to describe a trivial or undignified series of events; thus a kind of satire that mocks its subject by treating it in an inappropriately grandiose manner, usually at some length. One of the outstanding examples in English is Alexander Pope’s The Rape of the Lock.9. Satire: a mode of writing that exposes the failings of individuals, institutions or societies to ridicule and scorn. Satire is often an incidental element in literary works that may not be wholly satirical, especially in comedy. Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal is a bitter satire on the policy of the English government towards the Irish people.10. Epigram：a short poem with a witty turn of thought, or a wittily condensed expression in prose. Originally a form of monumental inscription in ancient Greece, the epigram was developed into a literary form by poets.11. Allegory:Allegory is a story or visual image with a second distinct meaning partially hidden behind its literal or visible meaning. The principal technique of allegory is personification, whereby abstract qualities are given human shape.12. Simile:A figure of speech in which two things, essentially different but thought to be alike in one or more respects, are compared using “like,” “as,” “as if,” or “such” for the purpose ofexplanation, allusion, or ornament.13. metaphor: the most important and widespread figure of speech, in which one thing, idea, or action is referred to by a word or expression normally denoting another thing, idea, or action, so as to suggest some common quality shared by the two. In metaphor, this resemblance is assumed as an imaginary identity rather than directly stated as a comparison.14. verbal irony: it involves a discrepancy between what is said and what is really meant, as in its crude form, sarcasm..15. dramatic irony:the audience knows more about a character’s situation than the character does, foreseeing an outcome contrary to the character’s expectations, and thus ascribing a sharply different sense to some of the character’s own statements.。

英国文学术语_Terms

Epic（叙事诗）: example: BeowulfAlliteration（头韵）: Beowulf is an example.Romance（浪漫史）：Prevailing form of medieval lit., 2 verse or prose, 3 adventures of knights, 4 devotion to a lady 5 devotion to the church and king, expose vices praise virtues 6 example: Sir Gawain and the Green KnightHeroic couple t（英雄偶句诗）: It was introduced by Chaucer from France to English, fully developed in The Canterbury Tales. Heroic couplet was characterized by rhymed lines in the iambic pentameter.Allegory（寓言）: a story or visual image with a second distinct meaning partially hidden behind its literal or visible meaning. The principal technique of allegory is personification, whereby abstract qualities are given human shape.Popular Ballad（民谣）: Ballads flourished in Scotland from the 15th century onward. It is a folk song or oral literary piece, usu. telling a local story or legend with vivid dialogue, in an impersonal tone. Ballads are normally composed in quatrains with alternating four-stress and three-stress lines, with the second and fourth lines rhyming.The Renaissance（文艺复兴）: 1 Generally, it refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries..2 the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek Culture, It was the revival of painting, sculpture and literature.Oxford Reformers, the religious reformers at Oxford University, together with scholars and humanists introduced the Bible and classics that were popularized. 3 The literary giants at that time were Shakespeare, Spenser, Jonson, Sidney, Marlowe, Bacon and Donne. 4 The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval（中世纪）to the modern world. It was, in essence, an attempt of the humanist thinkers and scholars to get rid of the feudalist ideas（封建思想）; recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church; and to introduce new ideas in the interest of the rising bourgeoisie.Humanism: Humanism is the essence（本质）of the Renaissance. The best representatives of the English humanists are Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare.Reformation（宗教改革）: The Medieval religious Reformation came from the Continent. A German Protestant（新教徒）, Martin Luther (1483-1546) initiated the Reformation.The Petrarchan Sonnet（彼得拉克的十四行诗）: Originally invented in Italy, it was introduced to England by Sir Thomas Wyatt（怀亚特）in the 16th century. It is built in 2 parts. The first part is known as “Octave” ,consisting of 8 lines , and the last six lines are “sestet”. Milton uses this but avoids the break in the middle and employs the rhyme cdcdcd in the last 6 lines.The Shakespearean sonnet: It was first used by the Earl Surrey. It consists of three quatrains of four lines each and a final independent couplet. Its rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg.University Wits: They were a professional set of pre-Shakespearean dramatists. They were called so because nearly all of them were educated at Oxford or Cambridge University. “Wit” was the synonym for “scholar”. Their dramatic writings laid the foundation for William Shakespeare.The writers belonging to this group are: John Lyly, Robert Greene; George Peele; Thomas Lodge; Thomas Lodge; Thomas Nashe; Thomas Kyd; and Christopher Marlowe, who was the central man.Blank verse: Surrey introduced blank verse into English poetry in his translations. Blank verse was characterized by unrhymed lines in the iambic pentameter. (In contrast with heroic couplet which is rhymed.)18th centuryEssayFrancis Bacon, late in the sixteenth century, inaugurated the English use of the term in his own Essays; most of them are short discussions such as "Of Truth"; "Of Adversity", "Of Marriage and the Single Life" (formal essays). Alexander Pope （蒲柏） adopted the term for his expository compositions in verse, the Essay on Criticism and the Essay on Man, but the verse essay has had few important exponents after the eighteenth century. In the early eighteenth century Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steel’s Tatler and Spectator, with their many successors, gave to the essay written in prose its standard modern vehicle, the literary periodical (informal essays) (earlier essays had been published in books).Aestheticism（唯美主义）(art for art's sake)A term applied to the point of view that art is self-sufficient（自负的）. It need serve no ulterior purpose, and should not be judged by moral, political or other nonaesthetic standards. Aestheticism in England was influenced greatly by Pre-Raphaelites, Ruskin, and Pater and French symbolist poets. Oscar Wilde was one of its major representatives.It appeared in the late Victorian period. The predecessor of it was the Pre-Raphaelists, who were opposed to the materialism and commercialism and wanted to go back to the medieval age. The movement was influenced by the French symbolists, who used symbols to present an ideal world of which the real world is but a shadow. The first important figure of the movement was Walter Pater, who suggests that the sole duty of an aesthete is to develop his aesthetic sensibility, enjoy all possible varieties of artistic and sensuous experience, and “burns always with a hard gemlike flame. This movement covered a wide range of poets, writers and artists, varying in their attitudes towards life and art.ModernismA movement of experiment in new techniques in writing. Modernist fiction represented atrend drifting away from the tradition of the 19th century realism. It put emphasis on the description ogoometimes it is called modern psychological fiction. Lawrence is a typical representative of it.。

英国文学(上)Terms

Terms of British Literature (Book I)1.Alliteration: A poetic device in which the first consonant sounds or any vowel sounds in accented wordsor syllables in a line are repeated. There are generally 4 accents in a line, three of which show alliteration.2.Romance refers to some verse narrative that sings of knightly adventures or other heroic deeds, andusually emphasizes the chivalric love of the Middle Ages in Europe. Most of the English Romances deal with three major themes: 1) “The Matter of Britain”, about the Arthurian legends; 2) “The Matter of France”, tales centering about Charlemagne and his knights;3) “The matter of Greece and Rome”, tales about Alexander and the fall of troy.3.Foot: The smallest unit of rhythm in a line of poetry. A foot is typically one accented syllable combinedwith one or two unaccented syllables. There are many different types of feet. When the accent（重音）is on the second syllable of a two-syllable word(e.g. for ' get), the foot is an “iamb”（抑扬格）; the reverse accentual patter n (' torture) is a “trochee”（扬抑格）. Other feet that commonly occur in poetry in English are “anapest”(抑抑扬格), two unaccented syllables followed by an accented syllable as in “inter ' cept”, and “dactyl”（扬抑抑格）, an accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables as in “' su-i-cide”.4.Meter：In poetry, the meter (or metre) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse. Many traditional verseforms prescribe a specific verse meter, or a certain set of meters alternating in a particular order.5.Iambic pentameter is one of many meters used in poetry and drama. It describes a particular rhythmthat the words establish in each line. That rhythm is measured in small groups of syllables; these small groups of syllables are called “feet”. The word “iambic” describes the type of foot that is used. The word “pentameter” indicates that a line has five of these “feet”.6.Heroic couplet(英雄偶句诗体：互相押韵的含有五个抑扬音步的两行诗，多用于长篇史诗中) : Arhyming couplet written in iambic pentameter(a verse with five iambic feet五音步诗行).韵脚为弱强、弱强。

英美文学名词解释Terms in English Literature

英美文学名词解释T erms in English Literature1.Allegory (寓言)A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities.寓言，讽喻：一种文学、戏剧或绘画的艺术手法，其中人物和事件代表抽象的观点、原则或支配力。

3.Allusion (典故)A reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to.典故：作者对某些读者熟悉并能够作出反映的特定人物，地点，事件，文学作品的引用。

4.Analogy (类比)A comparison made between two things to show the similarities between them.类比：为了在两个事物之间找出差别而进行的比较。

5. Antagonist (反面主角)The principal character in opposition to the protagonist or hero or heroine of a narrative or drama.反面主角：叙事文学或戏剧中与男女主人公或英雄相对立的主要人物。

6. Antithesis (对仗)The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words, or sentences.对仗：两组相对的思想，言辞，词句的平衡。

(完整word版)英美文学术语(英文版)_literary_terms

英国文学Alliteration:押头韵repetition of the initial sounds（不一定是首字母）Allegory:寓言a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.Allusion:典故a reference in a literary work to person, place etc. often to well-known characters or events. Archetype:原型Irony:反讽intended meaning is the opposite of what is statedBlack humor:黑色幽默Metaphor: 暗喻Ballad: 民谣about the folk logeEpic:史诗in poetry, refers to a long work dealing with the actions of gods and heroes.Romance: 罗曼史/骑士文学is a popular literary form in the medieval England./ChivalryEuphuism: 夸饰文体This kind of style consists of two distinct elements. The first is abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations and other artificial prosodic means. The second element is the use of odd similes and comparisons.Spenserian stanza: It refers to a stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter and the last line in iambic hexameter. 斯宾塞诗节新诗体，每一节有9排，前8排是抑扬格五步格诗，第9排是抑扬格六步格诗。

英美文学术语(英文版) literary terms

Literary terms of British Literature(英国文学常识汇总,考研必背)

Literary terms of British Literature1. Humanism: It‟s an important thought in Renaissance of the 16th century. Its may concern was in man and the fought for emancipation of man. Typically, renaissance humanism assumed the dignity and central position of human beings in the universe, emphasized the importance in education of studying classical imaginative and philosophical literature, and insisted on the primacy。

Many humanists also stressed the need for a rounded development of an individual…s diverse powers。

2. The Enlightenment: The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time .The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. It celebrated reasons or rationality, equality and science.3. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. The English Renaissance refers to the period between 16th and mid-17th century. It first started in Italy. The Renaissance means rebirth of revival of classical arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism. Humanism is the core of Renaissance. The humanists hold their chief interest in man and bravely fight for the freedom of individuals. The literary giants in this period are Shakespeare, Spenser, Bacon, Donne and Milton.4. Romanticism: It is a movement that flourished in literature during most of the nineteenth century, beginning as a revolt against classicism. It sees the individual as the very center of all life and all experiences. It also places the individual at the center of art. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Nature is the dominant subject matter for most romantic poets, such as Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats.1) Subordinates form to content;2) Encourages freedom of treatment;3) Emphasizes imagination, emotion and introspection;4) Celebrates nature, the common man, and freedom of spirit;5) Tries to find a solution, a way out, for the human race faced with the breaking down of the old order.5. Realism:The attempt in literature and art to represent life as it really is, without sentimentalizing or idealizing it. Realistic writing often depicts the everyday life and speech of ordinary life. This has led, sometimes, to an emphasis on sordid details.1) takes an interest in the details rather than the “story”;2) Attempts to reflect reality faithfully and recreate familiar everydayaspects of life;3) Prefers a straight-forward and matter-of-fact manner of narration;4) focus on common people, especially social underlings and theirsufferings;5) Adopts a critical tone, exposing social ills and criticizing socialinjustice.6. Modernism:1) is marked by a strong and conscious break with the traditional form and techniques of expression, being richly experimental;2) Employs a distinctive kind of imagination, one that insists on having its general frame of reference within itself;3) Implies a historical discontinuity, a sense of alienation, loss and despair;4) Rejects traditional values, assumptions as well as rhetoric;5) Elevates the individual and the inner being over the social being;6) Prefers the subconscious, unconscious to the self-conscious.。

英国文学简史术语解释总结(英文)

1.Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphorsand understatements.2. Romance （名词解释）a story of adventure--fictitious, frequently marvelous or supernatural--in verse or prose.3，Ballad民谣（名词解释）Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 4，4，Heroic couplet (名词解释)heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)5 . Renaissance（名词解释）Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.555humanism 人文主义：admire human beauty and human achievement556The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism6，. Sonnet（名词解释）The sonnet is a poem in 14 lines with one or the other rhyme schme,a form much in vogue in Renaissance Europe, expecially in Italy ,France and England.7，Blank verse（名词解释）: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.8，Spenserian Stanza（名词解释）Stanza form developed by Edmund Spenser and almost certainly influenced by rhyme royal and ottava rima. Spenser's stanza has nine lines and is rhymed a-b-a-b-b-c-b-c-c. The first eight lines of the stanza are in iambic pentameter and the last line in iambic hexameter. He used this form in his epic poem The Faerie Queene. John Keats, a great admirer of Spenser, used this stanza in his poem The Eve of St. Agnes.,9Enlightenment (1650-1800)（名词解释）A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracyIndividualism--emphasized the importance of the individual and his inborn rights Rationalism-- the conviction that with the power of reason, humans could arrive at truth and improve the world.Relativism-- was the concept that different cultures, beliefs, ideas, and value systems had equal merit.Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)10，Classicism（名词解释）In the arts, historical tradition or aesthetic attitudes based on the art of Greece and Rome in antiquity. In the context of the tradition, Classicism refers either to the art produced in antiquity or to later art inspired by that of antiquity; Neoclassicism always refers to the art produced later but inspired by antiquity.11 Sentimentalism（名词解释）Sentimentalism 感伤主义 no belief 没有信仰The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people.12Graveyard School / Poets: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom.13 Romanticism14 Lake Poets（名词解释）The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century.15 Aestheticism唯美主义（名词解释）The Aesthetic Movement is a loosely defined movement in literature, fine art, the decorative arts, and interior design in later nineteenth-century Britain. It represents the same tendencies that symbolism or decadence stood for in France and may be considered the British branch of the same movement. It belongs to the anti-Victorian reaction and had post-Romantic roots, and as such anticipates modernism. It took place in the late Victorian period from around 1868 to 1901, and is generally considered to have ended with the trial of Oscar Wilde.16 Stream-of-consciousness（名词解释）The “stream of consciousness” is a psychological term indicating “the flux of conscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any given time independently of the person’s will”.。

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1.METAPHYSICAL POETS refer to a school of poets at the beginning of the 17th century England who wrote under the influence of John Donne. The works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized, generally speaking, by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form. The most eminent poets are John Donne, George Herbert & Andrew Marwell
2.Renaissance: The Definition
The rise of the bourgeoisie showed its influence in cultural life. The result is an intellectual movement known as the Renaissance, or the rebirth of literature. Renaissance sprang in Italy and spread to France, Germany, the Low Countries, and lastly to England. Two features are striking of this movement. One is the thirst for classical literature, the other is the rise of Humanism.
3.Humanism was the keynote of the Renaissance. People ceased to look upon themselves as living only for God and a future world. They began to admire human beauty and human achievement. Man is no longer the slave of the external world. He can mould the world according to his desires, and attain happiness by removing all external checks.
4.The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement that flourished in France and swept though the whole Western Europe at that time. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. The enlighteners celebrated reason of rationality, equality and science. They also advocated universal education
5.Neoclassicism
The Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. According to neoclassicists, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the works of ancient Greek and Roman writers and those of contemporary French ones.
6. sentimentalism
In the middle of the 18th century, sentimentalism made its appearance. Sentimentalism came into being as the result of a bitter discontent among the enlightened people with social reality. Dissatisfied with reason, sentimentalists appealed to sentiment, to the human heart. Sentimentalism turned to the countryside for its material.
7. Romanticism
English Romanticism begins in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s The Lyrical Ballads and ends in 1832 with Walter Scott’s death. William Blake and Rob ert Burns also belong to this literary genre, though they live prior to the Romantic period.
English Romanticism is a revolt of the English imagination against the neoclassical reason. The French Revolution of 1789-1794 and the English Industrial Revolution exert great influence on English Romanticism. The romanticists express a negative attitude towards the existing social or political conditions. They place the individual at the center of art, as can be seen from Lord Byron’s Byronic Hero. The key words of English Romanticism are nature and imagination. English Romantic tend to be nationalistic, defending the greatest English writers. They argue that poetry should be free from all rules
8. Lake Poets
Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey were known as Lake Poets because they lived and knew one another in the last few years of the 18th century in the district of the great lakes in Northwestern England. The former two published The Lyrical Ballads together in 1798, while all three of them had radical inclinations in their youth but later turned conservative and received pensions and poet laureateships from the aristocracy。

英国文学 术语英文版term

英国文学诗歌术语解释

英美文学专有名词术语解释

英国文学专业术语翻译

Literary term文学术语

文学术语

英国文学term

英国文学 下 terms 名词解释 汇总

英国文学名词术语解释(已整理版)

英国文学literary terms

英国文学terms解释考试必备

英美文学术语terms

英国文学术语_Terms

英国文学(上)Terms

英美文学名词解释Terms in English Literature

(完整word版)英美文学术语(英文版)_literary_terms

英美文学术语(英文版) literary terms

Literary terms of British Literature(英国文学常识汇总,考研必背)

英国文学简史术语解释总结(英文)

英国文学术语英文版term

英国文学下 terms 名词解释汇总