高三英语一模汇编--六选四
上海市2022年高三英语一模六选四(汇编)
上海市2022年高三英语一模六选四（汇编）Directions:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.2022虹口一模A.Type 2 is far more common, accounting for more than 90% of cases worldwide.B.However, urban residents are becoming more willing to exercise, with gyms and yoga classes on the rise.C.China has an estimated 116 million diabetics, by far the highest number of any country.D.About 11% of Chinese adults now have the condition, nearly the proportion in America and twice the level in Britain.E.The other type, though more commonly diagnosed, is not relatively dangerous.F.City inhabitants tend to be less physically active than people in rural areas.As China Puts on Weight, Type-2 Diabetes (糖尿病) Is Rapidly RisingMore than 30 years ago, doctors in the northern city of Daqing began a pioneering long-term study into the prevention of type-2 diabetes, a disease which was then thought to affect about 1% of Chinese. When doctors, academics and officials gathered there this autumn to discuss the conclusions and promote prevention work, they faced a very different reality.67______________ Type-2 diabetes is becoming more common globally, but in recent years the rate of the disease has been growing fastest in China.Diabetes is a disfunction in the body’s regulation of blood-sugar levels. Type 1 is rare and usually shows up early in life, caused by factors that are not yet well understood. It can kill swiftly unless managed with daily injections of insulin (胰岛素). 68______________ It tends to develop in adults, especially if they are overweight or do not exercise much. It can usually be controlled with pills and lifestyle changes, and can sometimes be reversed. Both types, if not well-treated, cancause complications such as organ damage, blindness, strokes and heart attacks.69______________Twenty years ago, it had fewer than 25 million. The dramatic increase, almost entirely involving type 2s, worries the government. The study in Daqing showed how lifestyle changes can prevent type 2 among people with damaged glucose tolerance (糖耐量), which is sometimes a start of the condition. The country’s health-care system is trying to ensure symptoms are detected, and help people with them.A big reason for the increase is that as people get richer, they often consume more processed foods and sugary drinks. One in seven Chinese adults is overfat, including a quarter of adults in Beijing, China’s fattest c ity. The urban proportion of the population has grown from less than 20% to about 60% since 1980.70______________There may be a genetic link, too. Research finds that ethnic-Han Chinese are acquiring type 2 diabetes while younger and thinner than Caucasians. Smoking is another factor. China has one-fifth of the world’s population but consumes one-third of i ts cigarettes, and most of the daily smokers are men.答案67-70 DACF2022宝山一模A.Besides, you might have noticed how unwilling you may be when having to apologize in front of a different person—even if it was you who were wrong.B.This varies depending on the weight of a decision that needs to be made.C.Unlike many people got used to believing, procrastination is not a negative feature of character such as laziness.ually, people tend to see procrastination as something bad.E.In fact, procrastinating in this case is also beneficial.F.A pressing matter, an urgent document that needs to be written by the end of the day, an especially difficult piece of work, whatever.Why You Should Not Worry About Procrastination Perhaps every person on Earth has at least once been in a situation when he or she has an urgent task to do, but instead of challenging it head on, he or she postpones working on this task for as long as possible. This delay can take various forms: from doing nothing, to doing a lot of work–just not the work that should be done. The phenomenon described here is called procrastination, and its roots go much deeper than mere laziness.(67)______________ . They invent dozens of strategies how to stop procrastinating and increase their efficiency, forgetting about the fact that like many other psychological mechanisms, procrastination serves its own purpose, and probably even carries a message worth decoding. So, instead of blaming yourself for being lazy, the next time you procrastinate, try to look past it, and figure out what is happening to you. Most likely, procrastination is your friend. Why?There are several arguments proving this statement. First of all, it helps you figure out your most pressing priorities. Usually, you will not procrastinate over some minor task such as sharpening a pencil or drinking a glass of water. Problems start when there is something important or difficult that needs to be done. Reasons keeping you from doing work can be different, but here is a clue to remember: try to figure out what exactly makes you avoid–as a rule, it should be exactly what your top priority task is at the moment. (68)______________ . On the other hand, procrastination may serve you as an indicator that you are doing something wrong, or that you are pushing yourself too hard and need to take some time to rest. Either way, the means you use to overcome procrastination is a different story; so far, try seeing procrastination as a marker, an index–and you will discover that it can be quite useful.Surprisingly enough, procrastination can even help you fix a relationship with another person. If you had a fight, for example, there is a period of time when whatever you say to each other will most likely be perceived with skepticism or even hostility. (69)______________ . In this case, procrastination may give you enough time to make up your mind, find your courage, and think of the proper words or actions for an apology. The same works for another person: after a cool down period, he or she will be more susceptible to what you have to say. Use this to your advantage.As we can see, procrastination is not necessarily a bad thing.(70)______________ . But it is rather a psychological instrument, the main functionof which is to slow you down and give you enough time to sort out your priorities, gather information before making an important decision, or finding proper words to make your amends with another person. Thus, instead of avoiding and denying procrastination, you might want to embrace it–at least sometimes.答案67--70 DFAC2022崇明一模A.There are currently many job openings in the United States.B.Hourly workers are now seeking more flexibility in their schedules.C.He thinks companies are learning that money alone cannot solve their hiring issues.D.Now, he notes, it’s more about what you need as an employee and how we can make you happy.E.It says the rate at which employers were able to fill weekend schedules dropped from January through August compared with weekday work.F.That contributed to a labor shortage, forcing employers to look for ways to make their jobs seem more attractive while also cutting back on hours of operation.US Businesses Give in to Worker Demands to Keep Employees As many American businesses struggle to fill jobs, some have started negotiating demands that used to be non-negotiable for most hourly employees.One of the top demands for many workers is scheduling — the days and time they spend on the job. _______67_______ That means employees are pushing back against requirements to work weekends, late nights or holidays._______68_______ Therefore, workers can be more careful about the jobs they choose. There were 10.4 million job openings at the end of August and 11.1 million openings the month before. Those numbers are the highest since at least December 2000, when the government started recording the data. At the same time, the U.S. Labor Department said the number of people quitting their jobs jumped to 4.3 million in August from 4 million in July.A recent study from an employment company found that nearly 40 percent ofjobseekers worldwide said schedule flexibility was one of their top three issues in career decisions. Instawork is an employment marketplace that connects local businesses with hourly workers. _______69_______Such changes are happening as companies try to hire more workers for the upcoming holiday season. Target Corporation, for example, said this month it will pay $2 an hour more to employees who agree to work schedules during busy days of the holiday season. Sumir Meghani is co-founder and CEO of Instawork. _______70_______ Hourly workers are now asking how they can get the same work-life balance as workers in other kinds of jobs who can work remotely.During the pandemic (大流行病), hourly workers were hit especially hard when businesses like department stores and restaurants were forced to close for a few months during the spring of 2020. Those who remained employed at essential businesses like grocery stores found themselves working too much and too hard.答案67. B 68. A 69. E 70. C2022黄浦一模A.Social integration is no doubt a continuous changing process.B.Formal education is one common platform that brings together diversified groups.C.Integration also takes place in various arts programmes which are supported by local community.D.Concerted efforts are made to ensure there are equal opportunities for migrants regardless of their backgrounds.E.Societies are better off if they promote social integration through common practices that reduce tension, discrimination and poverty.F.Social integration should be guided in reasonable steps and stimulated by local governments.Social Integration— Welcoming the NewcomersSocial integration is the process through which minority groups interact,come together or are incorporated within a community. Increased social integration helps reduce conflict and tension in society, and it can help the new migrants feel more connected to their new community. How do different groups remain relatively cohesive in s ociety?A few countries around the world have adopted integrated frameworks for their economic, social, political and cultural policies with regard to accepting these migrants into the local society. _______67_______ This is to allow them to achieve their full potential in life. There are still ongoing efforts to integrate different cultures and races, and the governments have encouraged their immigrants to take an active part in social, cultural, economic and political activities.Integration takes place in neighbourhoods, work places, schools and public places where people from diverse backgrounds spend most of their time. _______68_______ Especially among the younger children, being in the same class as their foreign counterparts will teach the local children the meaning of tolerance and empathy. Participation in sports, community engagement and volunteer work are also other possible ways that eliminate discrimination and other forms of intolerance. From participating in arts programmes to being parent volunteers in schools, these platforms provide opportunities for people to interact and work towards a common cause. Sports programmes have also been used to encourage social integration. In fact, sport can strengthen social networks and promote non-violence and respect. In these ways, meaningful relationships among those of different ages, racial groups or faiths are built on the basis of common interests._______69_______ Still, countries have also acknowledged that human movement across borders cannot be stopped. Instead, it should be better managed so that migration is safe, legal and beneficial for everyone._______70_______ Indeed, the government and local communities play a key role in integrating these newcomers and empowering them to contribute to their new communities, while maintaining their identities.答案67-70 DBAE2022嘉定一模A. Instead, he writes a program that can learn for itself, and then shows that program thousands of pictures of stop signs.B. The high-tech vision system has the potential to be more successful than humans in detecting dangerous situations.C. How to give AI at least some appearance of that understanding—the reasoning ability of a seven-month-old child, perhaps—is now a matter of active research.D. Programmers have developed procedures that behave like the neurons (神经元) in a brain. They can “learn” from the actions taken in previous sit uations and infer what to do in a new, similar situation.E. This understanding of “object permanence”, is a normal developmental milestone, as well as a basic principle of reality.F. Similar techniques are used to train self-driving cars to operate in traffic.Is It Smarter Than a Seven-month-old?By the age of seven months, most children have learned that objects still exist even when they are out of sight. Put a toy under a blanket and a child that old will know it is still there, and that he can reach underneath the blanket to get it back.(67)______________It is also something that self-driving cars do not have. And that is a problem. Autonomous vehicles are getting better, but they still don’t understand the world in the way that a human being does. For a self-driving car, a bicycle that is momentarily hidden by a passing van is a bicycle that has ceased to exist.This failing is basic to the now-widespread computing discipline that has claimed to be the slightly misleading name of artificial intelligence (AI). Current AI works by building up complex statistical models of the world, but it lacks a deeper understanding of reality. (68)______________Modern AI is based on the idea of machine learning. If an engineer wants a computer to recognize a stop sign, he does not try to write thousands of lines of code that describe every pattern of pixels (像素) which could possibly indicate such a sign.(69)______________ Over many repetitions, the program gradually works out what features all of these pictures have in common.(70)______________ Cars thus learn how to obey lane markings, avoid other vehicles, hit the brakes at a red light and so on. But they do not understand many things a human driver takes for granted—that other cars on the road have engines and four wheels, or that they obey traffic regulations (usually) and the laws of physics (always). And they do not understand object permanence.答案67-70 ECAF2022静安一模A.And one could come up with any number of theories for why the current tea making and drinking habits are inevitable.B.Though regarded as a form of simple act, tea making can vary widely between cultures.C.The tea is, above all, credited with the ability to represent different individual personalities.D.Food choices ar e driven by one’s environment – the context.E.Tea making is the perfect replacement activity.F.Even one spoonful is a bit suspicious unless other details clearly show otherwise.Tea has become rooted in the British way of life, from the humble tea break to the afternoon tea to be enjoyed—in a jacket and tie, of course. _______67_______ Boiling water to make tea, for instance, makes it less likely to give you a stomach bug.But what are the secrets or even cruel realities behind the taste of this beloved beverage? Anthropologist Kate Fox writes in her book Watching the English that there are several clear messages sent whenever a Brit makes a cup.She observes that the strongest brews of black tea—with the largest doses of flavour factors—are typically drunk by the working class. The flavour gets progressively weaker as one goes up the social ladder.Milk and sweetener have their own codes. According to her, taking sugar in your tea in Britain is regarded by many as a definite lower-class indicator. _______68_______ Other implications involve when and how milk is added, if any. Making a point of drinking smoky Lapsang Souchong(正山小种红茶) with no sugar or milk can be a sign of class anxiety in the middle class, Fox suggests. It’s as far as possible as one can get from sweet, strong, milky cups of the no- nonsense ‘builder’s tea’.A food scientist pointed out something that seems to apply here. _______69_______ You like what you like not necessarily because of the taste of it, though obviously one can develop a taste for almost anything. A food or drink’s real importance in your life may be because of everything that surrounds it—the culture of it.Fox also observes that, alongside its chemical properties, tea is a social space-filler. Many meaningless moments can be occupied by tea and its related events. _______70_______ Whenever the English feel awkward or uncomfortable in a social situation, they cook tea.答案67-70 AFDE2022闵行一模A.Those who learn to forgive deserve respect from others.B.To forgive is something that most people have difficulty with.C.The deeper your pain, the longer it usually takes to completely forgive.D.Forgiveness brings freedom, whereas hate is neither sweet nor satisfying.E.Forgiveness is necessary because it releases you from the burden of bitterness and hate.F.Psychologically forgiveness is defined as a deliberate decision to release feelings of hate toward a person who has harmed you.Are things not working out in your life, despite your doing all the “right” thi ngs? Is it possible that you are holding “unforgiveness” in your heart? It is worth thinkingabout. What do you do when somebody hurts you? Do you want to hurt that person back, or do you hold it against them for the rest of your life? If you answered “yes” to these questions, you are like most people.(67) __________People don’t forgive readily, because it is easier to hate than to forgive. Some people think to forgive is a sign of weakness, but actually to forgive takes courage and effort.Forgiveness is a gift from a generous heart. It is not a reward for good behavior. It is not based on whether the person deserves it or whether the person has asked for it. Besides, forgiveness is an act and a long-term process.(68) __________It is an act because it is not just the words you say, but also your actions which show if you’ve truly forgiven someone.(69) __________It takes a lot of energy to hate and to keep that hate in place. Hate puts unwanted stress on your body. It is a well-known fact, proven by numerous studies, that bitterness can actually make you sick. The moment those affected people forgive and let go of their hate, they will start to get well.(70) __________I have personal experience of this. I used to be very cynical (愤世嫉俗的) about life and d idn’t forgive easily. At the time, I also struggled in every area of my life. Things just didn’t seem to work out for me. It is as if everything that could go wrong, always went wrong. That was until somebody told me to take a look at my attitude. And when I forgave those who wronged me and changed my attitude, everything else changed. It didn’t happen overnight. It took a while, but I could see and feel the difference.答案67. B 68. C 69. E 70. D2022浦东一模A.If you are a gout sufferer, you are not alone.B.No one knows what’s behind the phenomenon.C.Nor is it any longer exclusive to rich white men.D.The foot is red and swollen, pounding like a heart.E.We might dismiss gout as a ghost from a fable, which it was.F.The tubercular’s hollow cheeks were considered desirable look for women.Gout(痛风): The Disease of KingsGout, once the disease of geniuses, conquerors and kings, now is affecting the masses. It comes at night, first as a fevered dream, then pain in darkness, the body turned rude animal.(67) __________So strong is the sensitivity of this swollen big toe that the faintest footstep of a sympathetic visitor is a gunshot straight to the nerve. It will not help, at such a moment, to recall that Alexander the Great, Leonardo da Vinci, Isaac Newton reportedly suffered.(68) __________ In the works of the 17th-century French poet, Gout falls onto a poor man and then, horrified by her host’s ceaseless labor, did nothing in a building. Surely it’s a time of a less enlightened, more hierarchic al(等级制的) age. We can laugh at it from the safe distance of the present day. But the American critic Susan Sontag warned us against illness as myth. Gout is not a punishment, certainly not an embarrassment and, it is highly curable, if good treatment is followed. And the disease has not been limited to the past. (69)__________ From the 1960s to the 1990s, the number of sufferers doubled in the United States, and that’s continued to rise.It is tempting to see gout as an annoying angel and come to punish greed. Mentioning the romantic aspect of tuberculosis(肺结核) in the 19th century, Sontag argued that gout was contrary to tubercular. The gout-ridden were guilty of eating too much, while those dying of tubercular were themselves consumed from the inside. During that period, turning thinner from tubercular was taken as a sign of elegance, with poets considered unreliable if they weighed more than a hundred pounds, and so “it became rude to eat heartily”. Sontag also highlighted a strange social phenomenon.(70)__________ Great men “grew fat, wrote novels and conquered continents.”答案67~70 DECF2022普陀一模A.There is enough evidence to support the motivational benefits that result fromcarefully matching people to jobs.B.For those whose jobs are secure, pay increases are rarely possible.C.High achievers are motivated by jobs that are high in independence and responsibility.D.Unfortunately, they are the ones the organization can least afford to lose—those with the highest skills and experience.E.The answer to that depends on perceptions of goal acceptance and the organization's culture.F.Managers must be sure, therefore, that employees feel confident that their efforts can lead to performance goals.Motivating Employees under Unfavourable Conditions It is a great deal easier to motivate employees in a growing organization than a declining one. When organizations are expanding, promotional opportunities, pay rises, and the excitement of being associated with a dynamic organization create feelings of optimism. When an organization is shrinking, the best and mobile workers are likely to leave voluntarily. 67________________The minor employees remain because their job options are limited. Morale(士气)also suffers during decline. People fear they may be the next to be made unnecessary. Productivity often Suffers, as employees spend their time sharing rumors and providing one another with moral support rather than focusing on their jobs. 68________________ Pay cuts, unheard of during times of growth, may even be imposed. The challenge to management is how to motivate employees under such special conditions.69________________ For example, if the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business, high achievers should be sought. High achievers will do best when the job provides moderately challenging goats and where there is independence and feedback.The literature on goal-setting theory suggests that managers should ensure that all employees have specific goals and receive comments on how well they are doing in those goals. Regardless of whether goals are achievable or well within management's perceptions of the employee's ability, if employees see them as unachievable they will reduce their effort. 70________________Since employees have different needs, managers should use their knowledge of eachemployee to personalize the rewards over which they have control. Some of the more obvious rewards that managers allocate include pay, promotions and the opportunity to participate in goal-setting and decision-making.答案67-70 DBAF2022青浦一模A. But insiders say the road from “kids only” to “adults welcome” was a long, uphill climb.B. AFOLs are also organizing unofficial Lego fan conventions and networking in online user groups.C. Gone are the days when labels on Lego boxes stated that the contents were appropriate only for boys ages 7 to 12.D. Attitudes began to shift in the late 1990s and early 2000s when the once-invulnerable toymaker started to struggle.E. AFOLs were having a dramatic impact on Lego’s bottom line years before the company recognized their value.F. “Before the late 1990s, the company didn’t think their adult fans had value,” says Smith-Meyer, who held a variety of senior posts at Lego from 2000 to 2014.The inside story of how a “band of misfits” saved Lego When executives at toymaker Lego first learned that adults were buying large quantities of their interlocking plastic bricks and getting together to build Lego creations of their own, “they thought it was very strange,” says Paal Smith-Meyer.____67____ “Leadership actually thought ‘adults’ were taking away from the brand.”Thanks to a handful of employees who worked to change attitudes inside the company, Lego is no longer embarrassed by its adult fans. ____68____ The bygone slogans “Just Imagine... ” and “Play On” have been overshadowed by Lego’s newest marketing motto: “Adults Welcome”. Even superstar athletes and entertainers like Ed Sheeran, Dwight Howard, and David Beckham boast openly about their affection for Lego building sets.Today Lego is the world’s largest and most profitable toymaker. The Lego brick was named “Toy of the Century” in 1999, and in 2014 Time magazine crowned it the “Most Influential Toy of All Time”, ahead of Ba rbie, G.I. Joe, and the Easy Bake Oven.The enthusiasm and buying power of Adult Fans of Lego —or AFOLs, as they’re known in the industry —played a major role in the company’s rise to the top. ____69____Lego founder Ole Kirk Kristiansen always knew he wanted to market his products exclusively to kids. As the company grew over its first six decades, few imagined that its products could appeal as much to adults as to children. ____70____ Two decades ago, when Lego began making licensed sets inspired by hit movies like Star Wars and Harry Potter, it was adult fans who snatched up most of the merchandise.Despite the benefits AFOLs brought to the brand, executives at the company’s corporate offices in Billund, Denmark had little interest in catering to adult customers. As fan mail and product ideas poured in from AFOLs around the world, the company posted its off-putting position: “We don’t accept unsolicited ideas.”“Adult fans were often seen as a source of irritation,” says Jake McKee, a Lego executive from 2000 to 2006 who oversaw the company’s Global Community Development team.答案67-70 FCAE2022松江一模A.And science has moved on to extend life spans of some animals, though not yet of humans.B.Human aging timeline is also driven by other factors.C.In the 1800s, life expectancy across the world was less than 40 years of age.D.So, the question on all our mind is—can science stop aging?E.Initially restricted to developed countries, population aging has also become a trend in the developing world.F.Age reversal technology will also increase health span—the length of time duringwhich one is healthy.Age Reversal TechnologyOur life spans (时间段) used to be relatively short. 67____________ Within the next 150 years, this was raised by medical advances. And fast forward to 2020 and global life expectancy is 72.6 years—higher than that in any country in 1950.As people live longer, population aging becomes a greater economic problem. It has both placed a burden on public health spending and decreased productivity of workforce. And aging is the fundamental driver behind many diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, to name just a few. One expert in population aging at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Halldór Stefánsson, explains that some serious diseases related to aging—that very few people lived long enough to experience in the past—have replaced infectious diseases as the main cause of death. 68____________The amazing news is that age reversal technology will soon be a reality. On the bright side, the process of reversing aging is already possible for cells in scientific experiments. 69____________ In the foreseeable future, we will be able to enjoy a longer life as well. The goal is to preventively target aging—the major risk factor for a wide variety of diseases and disabilities—instead of treating one disease at a time, which is very costly. One future model projected an increase in NHS expense of £42 million year-on-year until 2031 due to the aging population.70____________That means the technology will restore our vitality and bodily function by removing the damage inevitably caused by the processes of life.答案67-70 C D A F2022徐汇一模A. Studies have shown the importance of eating together.。
上海市松江区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模考试英语试题
上海市松江区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、短对话1．A．On a ship.B．On an airplane.C．In a flat.D．At an airport. 2．A．Manager and clerk.B．Doctor and patient.C．Teacher and student.D．Waitress and customer.3．A．15 dollars.B．25 dollars.C．35 dollars.D．55 dollars. 4．A．The deadline for an assignment.B．Tim’s study habits.C．The way to survive a university.D．Tim’s daily routine.5．A．Go to Jenny’s home.B．Go to that restaurant.C．Prepare for dinner.D．Invite Jenny to dinner.6．A．Acceptable.B．Marvelous.C．Serious.D．Ridiculous.7．A．She made a late delivery.B．She went to the wrong place.C．She didn’t attend the party.D．She didn’t take the cake back.8．A．The woman did not expect his paper to be graded so soon.B．Professor Johnson has given the woman a very high grade.C．The woman will not pick up Professor Johnson at his office.D．Professor Johnson intends to meet each student at his office.9．A．Jane is probably stuck in the traffic.B．He knows what sort of driver Jane is.C．Jane had better avoid the heavy traffic.D．He is angry at having to wait for Jane.10．A．He is not feeling very well.B．He has not checked the lab.C．He spends a lot of time in the lab.D．He will be surprised to see the lab.二、短文听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
上海市各区2016-2017年高三英语一模汇编----六选四--老师版(已经校对)
Do you have a hobby that helps you relax and unwind? For some people, there is no better way to relieve pressure than spending time in the garden. This small private area of green space can be their place of calm.__67__. A survey conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society, found that 82% of people in the UK said that gardening makes them happier. It also found that 70% of them, given the choice, would prefer to spend their working day in the garden with just 9% opting for an office.For those with green fingers, the pleasure of gardening comes from getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and communing with nature -- even if there are a few too many worms! It can also be seen as a sort of digital-detox -- time away from technology. __68__.Dr Christopher Lowry, a neuroscientist at the University of Colorado, injected a bacterium commonly found in soil into mice to see what affection this would have on them. __69__. When we dig in soil we absorb this bacterium through our lungs or cuts in our skin, so Dr Lowry concluded that since the mice seemed happier when treated with soil bacteria, it’s likely we would be, too.__70__. There’s evidence that recovering alcoholics who have been given the opportunity to plant, grow, and even sell their produce, have managed to stop their addictive habits. Scot Stephenson, for example, got dismissed from school and started a vocational qualification in gardening. He says, “I got my NVQ level 2 which is my first qualification and enjoyed it ever since.”Whatever the reason, there are many therapeutic benefits to getting your hands dirty, doing some physical hard work and then watching your garden grow. Does this sound like your idea of fun?67-70: DFACWould You B ully(欺负) a Driverless Car or Show It Respect?Say you’re driving down a two-way street and there’s a truck unloading a delivery in the opposite lane. The oncoming traffic needs to pull out into your lane to overtake.What do you do?___67___ Eventually one of us feels charitable and slows down to allow the oncoming car to overtake and give permission with a quick flash of headlights or a wave of the hand.But what if the car waiting patiently behind the parked truck is a driverless or autonomous vehicle (AV)? Will this robot car be able to understand what you mean when you flash your lights or wave your hands?Its sensors could decide that it’s only safe to overtake when there’s no oncoming traffic at all. On a busy road at school home time, this may be never, leading to increasingly angry drivers queuing behind. ___68___ This is one of the conclusions to be drawn from research carried out by Dr Chris Tennant of the psychological and behavioural science department at the London School of Economics.His Europe-wide survey finds that nearly two-thirds of drivers think machines won’t have enough common sense to interact with human drivers, and more than two-fifths think a robot car would remain stuck behind ourassumedparked truck for a long time.Driving isn’t just about technology and engineering, it’s about human interactions and psychology. The road is a social space. ___69___ “If you view the road as a social space, you willconsciously negotiate your journey with other drivers. People who like that negotiation process appear to feel less comfortabl e engaging with AVs than with human drivers,” says Mr Tennant in his report.___70___ A statistic often trotted out(动不动就搬出) is that human error is responsible for more than 90% of accidents, with our tendency to road anger, tiredness and lack of concentration. 67-70 AFBETen years ago, after 2 years as a postdoc (博士后), I found myself wondering whether I should take a different road. Up to that point, I had stuck to a pretty traditional path investigating cancer genetics, but I was losing interest in the research. At the same time, federal funding had flattened, which added to my dissatisfaction. ___67___ Then came the hard part: identifying a new career that would nurture my passion for science and allow me to make an impact with my work.As I was considering my options, I found inspiration in my first graduate school research tutor, whose work r eminded me that scientists’ efforts away from the bench can be incredibly powerful. But I still didn’t know exactly what I should do. ___68___ A colleague mentioned that a professor at a nearby 2-year college was training students to produce monoclonal antibodies for labs on campus. I was impressed that the professor had taken on this type of ambitious project with relatively inexperienced students. Curious to find out more, I set up a meeting with John and was struck by his sincerity and the way he prioritized student training above grants, publications, and personal ambition. I could also see his passion for teaching, which reminded me of the dreamto become a high school biology teacher.__69___ I found a faculty position and joined John at the same quiet junior college. Now, I effectively hold two positions: classroom instructor and research co-adviser of 15 inexperienced but eager undergraduates. Both roles give me a chance to help students transform themselves, which is enormously rewarding.___70___ It’s discouraging when others see both my students and me as less worthy because we are not at universities. We sometimes struggle to get access to federal funding, scientific conferences, and other resources and opportunities. My pay is below the standard at 4-year research institutions, even though my teaching workload is greater. But my occasional frustration is relieved by the thought of the students, who I have helped train.Looking back at these 10 years, I realize how much my work on this campus has helped me grow, both as an academic and a tutor. I’m grateful that I stepped away from a traditional career path and found a way to serve both the student and research communities in my own way, modest though it may be.67—70 EBFAZoos have existed since ancient times and were features of the great courts of Egypt and China. The display of unusual animals form foreign countries was, for a long time, a show of wealth and power. Today, zoos focus on the preservation of animals species and the education ofthe public. __67___Some animals are distinctly unsuited for life in a zoo, however noble the aims of the organization. Keeping elephant in captivity (囚禁) has long caused argument among animals rights activists. Elephant in the wild wander constantly, covering a wide territory on a daily basis. In captivity, they have no choice but to stand still for long periods of time. ___68____. Yet elephants are a threatened species in their native environments and are heavily caught for ivory(象牙)，leather and meat illegally. To protect the species form the wild due to injury or abandonment.___69___. The chances are, if a zoo has nothing but cement floors and metal enclosures, the animals will not do as well. Many famous zoos now construct enclosures allowing animals freedom of movement and native vegetation. Some zoos have even begun housing species of animals together that normally interact in the wild, such as certain types of monkeys.Zoos are not a perfect solution for preservation.____70___. They are undeniably helpful in repopulating declining animal species and encouraging a preservationist outlook, but they are unquestionably primary in their treatment of some animals. Hopefully, animal activists and zoo advocates will continue to work together, finding ways to create the best environment for captive animals in breeding and repopulation efforts.67-70 CEDAA few years ago, a Finnish app took the mobile gaming world by storm. Its set-up was simpleand its idea illogical: Angry Birds was little more than a shooting game, with birds instead of bullets and green pigs in place of targets. 67 Shortly after Angry Birds took off, audiences found a new distraction in Fruit Ninja, a game where the object was to chop falling produce. Then there was Candy Crush, where players could save a candy kingdom by matching like-colored bonbons.68 That was their charm, after all: They were knowingly ridiculous or illogical, an attack into mindless amusement. In games like Angry Birds, players found an escape from reality. All they had to do is resign themselves to the logic of the game, a world of simple cause-and-effect: Slingshot a bird, kill a pig, score points.Fast forward to 2016, and there's now an Angry Birds movie, here to fill you in on all the details you never wished to know. The birds have been given personalities, motives and back-stories, and so have the evil green pigs. Meanwhile, the game's nonsense had to be made sense of due to a necessary plot for a movie. Logic replaced illogic. Angry Birds is not alone in having its gray areas sketched in for the big screen. Hollywood has made an industry of answering the questions no one ever thought to ask; to the point of even giving a brand of toy blocks its own story in 2014’s The Lego Movie. Countless secondary characters have also been pulled from the sidelines and given their own opportunities to show on the screen. That includes the forgetful blue fish Dory from 2003’s Finding Nemo. 69 Viewers no longer have the luxury of imagining back-stories for their favorite characters, or debating the open-ended questions in a film’s source materials: An endless flow of prequels(前传), sequels(续传) and spin-offs(衍生产品) fill in those blanks for them.70 They'll know. Everything will be determined for them: According to the movie, the main bird Red gets picked on for his bushy eyebrows, and that leaves him feeling isolated and, well, angry. In some ways, Hollywood has taken on the role of fan fiction writers, by expanding and exploring every corner of its fictional universes. But when these universes expand too widely, what will be left to imagine?67-70：CE FAIn so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. ____67____ So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.Usually, this "faceless" communication doesn't create problems. Identity doesn't really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests?____68____ They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn't get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don't have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. ____69____All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. ____70____ This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from thereal person.So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: "Life in the real world is far richer than anything you'll find on a computer screen67-70 BFACNo matter how early she went to bed, Maggie couldn't fall asleep until the early hours. Though constantly exhausted, Maggie got good grades in school, but she often got in trouble for napping during her morning classes.After graduating from college, Maggie realized her dream of becoming a teacher. However, waking up for her 8:30 a.m. classes turned her into a zombie (无生气的人) , and she lost her job because she lacked enthusiasm.Maggie isn’t lazy. She suffers from delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS，睡眠相位后移症候群)----a disorder that affects one in 750 adults that causes them to be somewhat nocturnal （夜间活动的）. DSPS is often confused with insomnia(失眠），perhaps because sufferers seem tired duringthe day. However, the two disorders are very different. Insomniacs have trouble with the process offalling asleep.67They just can’t fall asleep early even if they want to.Essentially, DSPS means a person's internal clock is set differently. ____ 68 _______ A s aresult,they're out of sync(同步）with the rest of society. People with DSPS struggle to keep their eyes open during morning meetings because their bodies are convinced it*s the middle of the night. They seem less efficient and creative at the office, and make more workplace accidents. DSPS also damages their health, causing depression, anxiety, heart disease and many other illnesses due to sleep deprivation.______69_______ . Fortunately, that’s not the case. Flexible work schedules are already verycommon. Traditionally, managers tend to think more people in the office equals more output, but new research shows that people who work flexible hours are more productive and more likely to stay with their company because they are happier and healthier. Thanks to these findings, many European countries have passed laws giving every worker the right to apply for a flexible work arrangement. According to Cary Cooper, a psychologist at Lancaster University, most U.K. employees will be working half from home in five years.This is great news not just for DSPS sufferers but also for their companies. 70 Consequently, they will be able to save a large sum of money.KEYS: FACDHow to Keep Your Digital Memorials Safe?Do you value your digital stuff? Nearly everyone is creating things with computers, and some do it without any concern for its value. Others recognize its current value, but think little about what it could mean to them in the future, and either aren't aware or don't think that all of it could bedestroyed tomorrow. But hard drives die all the time, and the online services into which people sink their time close with alarming regularity, taking the work of millions of people withit._________67____________.Steps1.Prepare to make a quick backup. If nothing else, get a cheap USB stick anddrag-and-drop your documents folder onto it. Worry about the other things later.You should do more than this, but it's most important to take the most valuable,irreplaceable information from your hard drive and put it on a second medium to guardagainst hard drive failure, theft or loss.2.Decide what you value. Some questions to ask yourself are:How replaceable is this data?How good are you at assessing the value of items? _______68__________. For things likebusiness accounts and documents, the answer is of course you would. This kind of thingshould be your first priority.3.Start making backups.__________69__________Diminishing returns(效益递减) apply in backups as they do with everything else. The cheapest and simplest backup methods take care of an overwhelming majority of likely loss-of-stuff. Over-complicating your backup strategy is the biggest trap: the more complicated and expensive you insist on making it, the less likely you are to do it.4.____________70______________If one of your backup drives fails, replace it immediately. Remember that all storage devices eventually become obsolete (陈旧的). If you have valuable files on obsolete media, those files become increasingly difficult to access with every passing year. So in order to keep your files accessible, remember to migrate your collection to new storage media periodically.67-70 FDEATutoring a New NormalIt’s not piano lessons or dance lessons. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity in the West is going to a tutor. “I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It’s costly,” says Pet, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, “after finding out half my daughter’s class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead.Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. “When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always shouting. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done.”Tutoring isn’t simply a private school phenomenon. 67________ In Cana da alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year.Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. 68 ________As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.69________ “A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework,” says Julie Diamond, presi dent of an American tutoring company. “Others couldn’t help their children after Grade 3.”There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. “Children used to get bullied(欺侮）for having a tutor,” Diamond says. “Now it’s becoming the norm to have one.”70 ________One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. “For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need，” she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why? Her daughter has actua lly asked for one.FADBIn 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger,therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.67-70 FABDFor centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that (67) ___________The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. (68) ___________ For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. (69) ___________Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. (70) ___________ The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.67-70 EFCDIt is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. 67 _____. A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement -- checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home -- has a more powerful influence on students, academic performance than anything about the school the students attend. Another study, published in the Review of Economics and Statistics, reports that the effort put forth by parents reading stories aloud, is devoted by either teachers or the students themselves. And a third study concludes that schools would have to increase their spending by more than $1,000 per pupil in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement.68 ______. But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don’t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. They don’t need to drive their offspring to enrichment classes or test-preparation courses. What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk.But not just any talk. 69 _______. For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health and published in the journal Pediatrics founds that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as powerful in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this reciprocal (双向的) back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thought and opinions matter.The content of parents’ conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear tal k about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge, report researchers from the University of Chicago. While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academicsocialization” -- setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. 70 _______.67----70 DACBWhere do you think the world's happiest people live? Somewhere hot with sandy beaches? A country with a tradition of the fine food and culture? Not according to a recent study by the university of Leicester. Who are the happiest people on Earth? 67 Surprised? Well you’ll be more surprised when you hear that the Danes pay some some of the highest taxes in the world. So what is the secret of their success?Let's start with all that tax they pay. The Danish government provides its people with one of the finest education and health systems in the world. It spends more on children and elderly people per capital than other country.And there's another advantage to those high taxes. Because a shop assistant's final salary is not that much less than someone who works in a bank, for example, Danes don't choose their careers based on money or status as people in other countries do. They choose the job they want to do. There's a philosophy in Denmark known as "Jante-love", which translates as "you're no better than anybody else." ___68___ But workers in otherr countries are not used to looking at life in this way.Money doesn't seem as important in Denmark. It has been called a "post consumerist" society. ___69___ What is more important is the sense of society and it's no surprise that Danes are very used to socializing. 92% of Danes belong to some kind of social club and these clubs are evenpaid for by the government.___70___ They also show an amazing amount of trust in each other and their government. You can see sighs of this all over the country. You'll find vegetable stalls with no assistant. You take what you want and leave the money in a basket. Perhaps the bike is a good symbol for Denmark. The Danes can afford cars but they choose bikes---simple, economical, non-polluting machines that show no status and help keep people fit.67----70 EBFCWhy should mankind explore space? Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What prompted our distant ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? _____67_____. The wider the distribution of a species, the better its chance of survival.Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be located. Additional resources are always beneficial when used wisely, and can increase our chances of survival. Knowledge or techniques acquired through exploration, or preparing to explore, filter from the developers into society at large. _____68_____. Also, we have already benefited from other by-products, including improvements in earthquake prediction —which has saved many lives —in satellites used for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick saucepans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the spaceindustry!_____69_____. The chances of a large comet (彗星) hitting the Earth are small, but it could happen in time. Such strikes in the past may account for the extinction of dinosaurs and other species. Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect the possibility of this happening, and enable us to minimize the damage, or prevent it completely, allowing us as a species to avoid extinction.In certain circumstances, life on Earth may become impossible: over-population or wide spread diseases, for instance, might eventually force us to find other places to live. While the earth is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to inhabit other planets and moons. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. _____70_____.. keys:67-70 DAFB。
上海市2024届高三英语一模专题汇编：六选四
A.But this technology can be dangerous as well.B.You just need to have some experience with technology as well as a proper computer.C.Therefore,AI technology will be used more and more wildly in the future.D.AI text-to-image generators will become as common and easy to use as Google image search.E.Rather,it will categorize every possible detail.F.Meanwhile,the generator can help people to recognize various information accurately.Have you ever wondered what you would look like as a cartoon character or a marvel superhero?With the power of artificial intelligence(AI)text-to-image generators,you can create images just like that-without any art skills.67 How does it work?AI text-to-image generators are trained through a process called machine learning.In this process,the generator's "brain"is fed massive numbers of images and learns to distinguish what they are.But the generator doesn't just learn to tell the difference between a banana and a balloon.68These pixel-level details are then stored in a mathematical space.When someone gives the generator a text passage such as"Doraemon riding a white horse,"the program uses algorithms(算法)to"think."Moments later,the program will create an entirely unique image that you requested.Some artists worry that they are being replaced by this technology.But other artists like to cooperate with the generator,using its power for ideas and inspiration.This powerful tool is now available to anyone through generators like Stable Diffusion and DALL-E.You can use them to create all kinds of imaginative images.69The dark sideGenerators like Stable Diffusion are trained using images that are gathered from all over the internet.But the training process doesn't exclude(排除)images that are violent or inappropriate,so the generators"learn"those as well. The DALL-E program comes with built-in filters that prevent it from generating perverse(变态的)images.But Stable Diffusion is an open-source technology,meaning that people can modify its code and remove the content filters.Despite this,Stable Diffusion's founder Emad Mostaque remains optimistic about how people will use his generator.He says, "The bad stuff that people create...will be a very,very small percentage of the total use."For better or for worse，70But don't generate anything you'd be ashamed to show your mother！答案：67-70BEADA.Here we show how this work translates to humans.B.Many college students experience irregular and insufficient sleep.C.The study evaluated more than600first-year students across five studies at three universities.D.Most surprising to me was that no matter what we did to make the effect go away,it persisted.E.The results are available in the Feb.13issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.F.Total nightly sleep is a potentially important and underappreciated behavior supporting academic achievement.Nightly Sleep Is Key to Student SuccessFor young adults,college is a time of transition.It may be the first time students have the freedom to determine how to spend their time,but this freedom comes with competing interests from academics,social events and even sleep.A multi-institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the duration of nightly sleep early in the semester affects first year college students’end-of-semester grade point average(GPA).Using sleep trackers, they found that students on average sleep6.5hours a night,but negative outcomes built up when students received less than six hours of sleep a night.67David Creswell,the William S.Dietrich II Professor in Psychology and Neuroscience at the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences,led a team of researchers to evaluate the relationship between sleep and GPA.“Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,”said Creswell.“68The less nightly sleep a first-year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the ck of sleep may be hurting students’ability to learn in their college classrooms.”69The researchers found that students who receive less than six hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance.In addition,each hour of sleep lost corresponded to(相对应)a0.07decrease in end-of-term GPA.“Once you start dropping below six hours,you are starting to add massive sleep debt that can harm a student’s health and study habits,damaging the whole system,”said Creswell.“70”“A popular belief among college students is valuing studying more or partying more over nightly sleep,”said Creswell.“Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs to reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college.There’s real value in budgeting for the importance of nightly sleep.”答案：67.E68.A69.C70.DA.Focus on the one thing you are doing.B.Habits like these which encourage you to multitask make you mentally exhausted and unproductive.C.Make sure that you also take breaks in your monotasking,because that’s what helps your brain to stay focused.D.So it’s a win-win for everyone!E.The little information we do take in when we’re multitasking is more difficult to remember at a later stage.F.You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and further encourages your multitasking habit.Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask?Most of us do multitasking almost daily.But it’s time to change that.Your attention is already being pulled in millions of directions daily,so you really don’t need to add multitasking to the list.Let’s take the smartphone for example.On average you check your phone110times a day—that means you’re spending23days every year glued to your smartphone!How productive do you think that makes you?67But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask“successfully”,you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine,the happy hormone.68This rush can also make you overly optimistic,which means you are less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes.Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not.You can find healthier,more balanced dopamine releases through ticking things on your to-do list through mono-,or single-tasking too.Since our brains can only effectively focus on one thing at a time,this is the way for you to accomplish more in less time.Research has suggested you’re50%quicker on average to accomplish a task if you monotask,and you’re also50%less like to make errors.69You’ll also be able to appreciate things on a deeper level and get more enjoyment from them when you’re focused.If you’re chatting to a friend over coffee while checking your phone,you’re not making the most out of your time with your friend!Now you’re probably desperate to find out how to get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity. There is no easy answer.You simply have to commit to it and have the self-discipline to stick to one task at a time.Just say to yourself:When I walk,I walk.When I talk to someone,I talk to someone.When I read,I read.It’s as simple as that.70And like that,you’ve mastered monotasking.答案：67-70:BFDAA.Do I even want them?On whose clock?B.Why should you challenge that secret timeline of milestones in your head?C.This time,quitting her job led to her first album,television appearances and sold-out shows.D.Instead of feeling pressure to hit life events on someone else’s timeline,maybe it’s fine to make our own.E.People are feeling like they’re falling behind,when in fact they’re probably doing exactly what they should.F.She spent years feeling like an outsider and failure as she watched her peers rise in school and work,figuring she’dnever catch up.Defining Success on Your Own Terms“You go to college right out of high school.That’s the rule,right?”says Nikki Ivey,a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville,Fla.However,it’s not the case for her.Actually,she got her undergraduate degree at28.__67__ One by one,she missed the milestones she’d envisioned in some imaginary dream life:earning six figures by30, buying a house by35.Then she hit one—attaining a high-level executive position in a company.She didn’t love the job. She did love sitting around the dinner table laughing with her kids.“__68__”she asked herself.She ended up leaving the job,and started to wonder about all those milestones.Danielle Ponder had a career as a lawyer before dedicating herself to singing full time.Working as a public defender in Rochester,N.Y.,Danielle Ponder would frequently Google,“Did anyone make it after the age of35?”At one point,she quit her day job,only to return a year and a half later,due to the pandemic and disappointing bookings.On the last day of2021,five days before her40th birthday,she tried again.__69__“I don’t know if I could survive this happening to me at19,”she says.She thinks her insecure teen self wouldn’t have handled the stress of the public eye well.It can be hard to make a transition later in life.__70__答案:67-70FACDA.Training will ease your annoyance as your pets tend to obey more and behave better.B.Giving them an extra piece of chicken for a job well done is essential for a strong relationship.C.They usually communicate through body language so you need to pay attention to them.D.You should always learn to be patient and accept that there will be a period of adjustment.E.But playtime is still a necessary and effective activity to share fun moments together.F.The Internet is a good place to figure out how you can train them efficiently.Strengthen Bonds With Your New PetWelcoming a new pet can be a magical moment for a lot of families.Unfortunately,many new pet owners struggle to bond with them.The following steps may help.This should go without saying but spending time with your pets can greatly help you form a strong relationship. Pets love to be included in every activity of their humans,whatever the activities are.(67) ______________________________Cats love playing with yarn(纱线)balls and fishing pole toys.Dogs are outgoing and usually love playing games with tennis balls such as fetch.So it’s also important to learn what type of play your pet enjoys.Most people forget that training and teaching them tricks is a healthy outlet as well.(68) ______________________________Whether you’re teaching them simple commands like‘sit’or something more complex like‘turn around’or‘bow’,they’re sure to enjoy your company and will love you all the more for your attention,company and praises.Pets also love being rewarded with treats.(69)______________________________ Moreover,when they begin to anticipate treats for good behaviour,they are more likely to be on their best behaviour, further making you and your pets grow closer.One more thing to notice is that taking care of a pet can be a wonderful experience and also be quite frustrating.For new pet owners,it can be confusing,especially if you don’t understand what your pet needs or wants at any given time.(70)______________________________This might take a day or two,or might take months.But eventually,you will reap what you sow.答案：EABDA.In the end,it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity.B.Doppelgängers will also have some of the same DNA as you.C.To enter your workplace,you likely need to be recognizable.D.Why are people interested in finding their possible doppelgangers?E.Eventually,discovering a person’s doppelgänger might widen trust boundaries.F.A doppelgänger was said to be a spirit-double that copied every human and beast on earth.What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you?Would it be a good thing?And if you did have one,would you want to meet them?Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you.Your passport,ID card and driving licence all feature your face.__67__You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.The word‘doppelgänger’refers to a person who looks the same as you,essentially sharing your features;those that you thought were unique to you and your identity.Not identical twins,as a doppelgänger has no relation to you.The idea originated in German folklore.__68__So,let’s get real.What are the chances of you having one in the first place?There’s said to be a one in135chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world,so the chances are pretty low,despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise.And the chances of meeting?The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.That said,these statistics may be a good thing.Historically,having a double wasn’t always a positive.Back in1999, an innocent American man,indistinguishable from the real criminal,was sent to prison for robbery,where he stayed for 19years.__69__In a different case,a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelgänger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!__70__The fascination with doppelgänger s may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meant they were from the same family or had a common ancestor.It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike, creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting.However,as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing, we understand that after such an experience,you might not want to meet your doppelgänger again.答案：67-70CFADA.Odours are also essential signals in social bonding.B.Besides,odours are granted different cultural values.C.Human’s perception of smell facilitates the spread of human culture.D.Our noses can perceive odours present in extremely small quantities.E.Many respondents noted many of their olfactory likes and dislikes were based on emotional links.F.Some respondents’preference for a particular odour was influenced by emotional associations.The Meaning and Power of SmellA survey revealed that smell can cause strong emotional responses.A smell connected with a good experience can please us,while an odour(气味)bonded with a bad memory may disgust(使恶心)us.67Such associations can be so powerful that odours generally labelled unpleasant become agreeable,and those generally considered sweet become disagreeable for particular individuals.68One respondent believes there is no true emotional bonding without smelling a loved one. Infants recognize their mothers’odours soon after birth.Individuals were able to distinguish by the smell alone clothing worn by their partners from similar clothing worn by other people.Despite its importance to our emotional and sensory lives,smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures.While our olfactory(嗅觉的)powers are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals,they are remarkably sensitive.696Odours,unlike colours,can’t be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn’t exist.“It smells like...,”we have to say when describing an odour,struggling to express our olfactory experience.Nor can odours be recorded:there is no effective way to capture or store them over time.70Smells considered offensive in some cultures may be acceptable in others.Therefore,our sense of smell is a means of interacting with the world.The study of the cultural history of smell is indeed an investigation into the essence of human culture.答案：67.E68.A69.D70.BA.They desire genuineness while constantly immersed in a digital world.B.TikTok’s user-generated videos can lead even tiny brands to speedy viral fame.C.The lifestyle of the“moonlight clan”has made many young people feel overwhelmed.D.Easy access to means of spreading payments may encourage spending money like water.E.A heightened expectation of convenience comes with being raised in the age of Amazon.F.These“always-on purchasers”often shift from a weekly shop to quicker fixes of everything from fashion to furniture.How Young Americans Spend Their MoneyYoung people have always puzzled their elders.Today’s youngsters are no different;indeed,they are confusing. They have thin wallets and expensive tastes.They prize convenience and a social conscience.They want shopping to be personal.____67____As they start spending in earnest,brands are trying to understand what these walking paradoxes with conflicting features want and how they shop.The answers will define the next era of consumerism.Their absolute numbers are impressive.The European Union is home to nearly125m people between the ages of ten(the youngest will become consumers in the next few years)and34.America has another110m of these Gen-Zs and millennials,a third of the population.The annual spending of households headed by American Gen-Zs and millennials hit$2.7trn in2021,around30%of the total.____68____Forrester,a market-research firm,found that most users of“buy now,pay later”apps are around20. Megan Scott,a20-year-old student from London,speaks for many of her peers by admitting that,when shopping,she has no self-control—until the bill arrives.The light-speed online world also appears to have lowered tolerances for long delivery times.A study by Salesforce, a business-software giant,found that Gen-Z Americans,who prefer to use their phones to pay for shopping,are the likeliest of all age groups to want their groceries delivered within an hour.____69____The Internet has also changed how the young discover brands.Print,billboard or TV advertising has given way to social media.Instagram,part of Meta’s empire,and TikTok,a Chinese-owned app,are where the young look for inspiration,particularly for goods where looks matter such as fashion,beauty and sportswear.____70____Such apps are increasingly adding features that allow users to shop without ever leaving the platform.According to McKinsey,six in ten Americans under the age of25had completed a purchase on a social-media site.答案：67-70ADFBA.Social maskers do not try hard to match other people in pace and tone.B.Social masking is something we all engage in to some extent.C.Social maskers are not trying to fox anyone.D.When we are in natural identification with someone,it happens naturally,and there is very little effort involved.E.It’s adopted by people unable to naturally act in a way considered socially acceptable.F.That is,it’s an ancient part of our evolution to socialize,rather than be anti-social or a misfit.Social MaskingAmanda is always an expert at working the room.She would adopt the manner of the people around her to fit in while hiding her true personality.This is social masking,the process of hiding your natural way of interacting with others so you can feel accepted.(67)_____Instead,they are hoping to fit in with everybody else.Social masking is a set of learned pattern-matching behaviors,movements and actions where you try to be normal to fit in rather than stand out.(68)_____People all wear certain social masks in order to get through some tricky life situations with confidence, according to Dr.Tara Quinn-Cirillo.And some experts even think social masking is built in all human beings at a physical level,adding that something in our brain gives indications of how to essentially stay safe and not stick out.In a world that often tells us to just be ourselves,you might wonder why we are still dependent on these social masking behaviors.“Social masking happens because we as a species want to be included,”says Tara.“It has been a tribal thing of being together rather than being on our own,from a historical perspective.(69)_____”There is a huge difference between naturally identifying with someone and consciously social masking.(70)_____ Social masking,on the other hand,involves a conscious effort to change your personality to suit your surroundings.It typically involves depressing your natural urges and changing your personal interests to fit the crowd.答案：67-70CBFDA.Moving more may not prevent a child from becoming overweight,but studies show clearly that it helps bothphysical and mental health.B.And although rural areas have more undeveloped outdoor space,they often lack playgrounds,tracks and exercisefacilitiesC.A lack of safe places for them to play outside the home also contributes to kids obesity.D.It also suggested prescribing weight-loss drugs to children12and older and surgery to teens13and older.E.Increased screen time and changing norms around letting kids play outdoors are unsupervised.F.They have significant side effects for both kids and adults.The rate of childhood obesity in the U.S.has tripled over the past50years.But what this trend means for children’s long-term health,and what to do about it(if anything),is not so clear.The American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP)made waves this year by recommending that doctors put obese kids as young as two years old on intensive,family-oriented lifestyle and behavior plans.(67)__________________________ This advice marks a shift from the organization’s previous stance of“watch and wait,”and it reflects the AAP’s belief that obesity is a disease and the group’s adoption of a more proactive position on childhood obesity.Yet the lifestyle programs the AAP recommends are expensive,inaccessible to most children and hard to maintain —and the guidelines acknowledge these barriers.Few weight-loss drugs have been approved for older children, although many are used off-label.(68)_____________________—it could,for instance,cause nutritional deficits in growing children.Furthermore,it’s not clear whether interventions in youngsters help to improve health or merely add to the stigma overweight kids face from a fat-phobic society.This stigma can lead to mental health problems and eating disorders.Rather than fixating on numbers on a scale,the U.S.and countries with similar trends should focus on an underlying truth:we need to invest in more and safer places for children to play where they can move and run around, climb and jump,ride and skate.(69)_____________________In2020the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found,unsurprisingly,that kids’sports participation increases with their parents’incomes:about70percent of kids whose families earn more than $105,000a year participate in sports,but only51percent of middle-class kids and31percent of children at or below the poverty line do.This disparity hurts people of color the most.More than60percent of white children,for instance, participate in athletics,but only42percent of Black children and47percent of Hispanic children do.Experts blame these problems on the privatization of sports—as public investment in school-based athletics dwindles,expensive private leagues have grown,leaving many kids out.According to the U.S.Department of Health and Human Services’Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, children between ages six and17should get at least an hour of moderate to intense physical activity every day.Yet only 21to28percent of U.S.kids meet this target,two government-sponsored surveys found.The nonprofit Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance evaluates physical activity in American children,and in2022the group gave the U.S.a grade of D–.Why is it so hard to get kids moving?In addition to fewer opportunities at school,researchers cite increased screen time,changing norms around letting kids play outdoors unsupervised,and a lack of safe places for them to play outside the home.New York City,for example,had2,067public playgrounds as of2019—a“meager”amount for its large population,according to a report from the city comptroller—and inspectors found hazardous equipment at one quarter of them.In Los Angeles in2015,only33percent of youths lived within walking distance of a park,according to the L.A. Neighborhood Land Trust.Lower-income neighborhoods tend to have the fewest public play spaces,despite often having a high population density.(70)_______________________.Kids everywhere need more places to play:trails,skate parks and climbing walls,gardens and ball fields,bike paths and basketball courts.Vigorous public funding to build and keep up these areas is crucial,but other options such as shared-use agreements can make unused spaces available to the public.答案：DFABA.There’ll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness,or you’re anxious about what’s next.B.The usefulness of nostalgia seems to vary with age.C.Today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia.D.You’ll get faster at finding it,and add extra layers of detail each time.E.The answer lies in connecting with your past and future selves.F.But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel“the other way”.How to Travel in TimeThe term“NOSTALGIA”(怀旧)used to describe a mental disease.The“algia”bit means“pain”,and the word was coined by a17th-century doctor treating homesick soldiers,whose symptoms included hallucinations（幻觉）and depression.(67)______________________And it’s a great example of the benefits of a strong memory—choosing to recapture moments from the past to enjoy them all over again.As evidence,a recent report highlighted the increase in old songs being streamed on Spotify during lockdown.It seems that we found strength in musical memories of happier times.(68)______________________Because memory skills can take you into the future,too—bringing a whole new set of rewards.In another pandemic experiment,people wrote letters to their future selves,and found that they improved their mood by imagining themselves safely on the other side of COVID-19.Here are my tips for becoming a confident time traveller yourself:*To reawaken happy feelings,use all your senses—not just sight.Smell,taste,touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity.If you find a memory that’s particularly helpful—for reassurance,say—keep using it！(69)_________________________*When you’re procrastinating（拖延）,visualise an end result.Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay finished,and use that positive image to spur you into action.*Ahead of major challenges,imagine the full impact of success.Don’t just picture yourself getting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways it’s going to change your life.(70)_______________________But the more you learn to control your memory,the better you’ll be at mining your past,and shaping your future,to be your best self now.答案：67-70C F D AA.It will not be long before he’s back in prison again.B.We’re all relieved that the criminal is being punished for his misdeeds.munity service is likely to turn prisoners into better persons.D.Offenders are tried and sentenced according to the legal system.E.The threat of another spell in jail will stop him from breaking the law again.F.Put the money into supporting deprived areas which are the grounds for crime.Hello,everyone!Are you worried about crime?I am.We read it every day in the newspapers.A terrible crime has been committed, and the police have arrested someone.He has appeared in court and claimed his innocence but has been found guilty of his crime and he has been sentenced to ten years in prison.67Innocent citizens like you and me can sleep more safely at night.But what happens next?We all hope the prisoner will benefit from society’s retribution.A spell(一阵子)in prison will reform him and make him a better person.We all hope he’ll reform and become like us.We all hope that when he is eventually released,he will be a good character.68But,let’s face it.The reality is usually very different.The prisoner may be released on parole(假释)before the end of his sentence.He will try to re-enter society.But then he often becomes a victim himself,unable to find work and is rejected by society.69.So what can we do to make sure the offender doesn’t commit another crime?Of course,there are alternatives to prison,such as community service or he can pay a large fine.Alternatively,we could establish a more severe system of punishment.The answer is far simpler.We need to be tough not on the criminal,but on the cause of the crime.We should spend less of the taxpayer’s money in funding the judges and all the other people who are working for the legal system. 70We in the ConLab Party believe that everybody needs a good chance in life,and this is a good step forward.Vote for us now!答案：67-70B E A F。
上海市各区2017-2018年高三英语一模汇编----六选四--老师版（已经校对）
Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It‘s very likely that you‘ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization‘s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Let‘s begin with the question of why people volunteer. 67 For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory (义务的) volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people‘s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g., ―I volunteer because it‘s important to me‖) to an external factor (e.g., ―I volunteer because I‘m required to do so‖). When that happe ns, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. 68 Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. 69 The researchers note that attention should begiven to ―training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience‖.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view ―volunteer‖ as an important social role. 70 Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as ―Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.‖ Consistent with the researchers‘ expectations, they found a positive relationship between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to defin ite advice: ―Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity‖.Keys:67-70: F B E CSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.necessarily true. If we had a crystal ball, we could guess what consumer behavior would be in the future if a minimum wage increase goes through. But you just can‘t.‖Keys:67-70 FDABSectionCDirections:Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.Nanotechnology Grows FastThanks to advances in technology, the science fiction of the past has become the―sciencefact‖of today, like the 1966 sci-fi Fantastic Voyage（《神奇旅程》）. In the film, a man with veryimportant knowledge was dying. The only way to save him was by using experimentalminiaturization technology. A number of scientists were shrunk to a tiny size and injected into theman‘s body to locate the source of the problem and save him.67Over the past severaldecades, the science of nanotechnology has been developing rapidly, and, just as in thefilm, it involves working with objects of a very small size.Something very similar to the medial procedure seen in Fantastic Voyage is already beingused to help save lives today. Tiny crystals known as―quantu m dots（量子点）‖，whose diametersare one thousandth of a human hair, are injected into the body of a cancer patient.68Upon findinga tumor, these quantum dots release their medicine, and then light themselves up tso that doctorscan see exactly where the cancer cells are.69 We may soon find our everyday lives being affected by it. Are you tired ofhaving to charge the batteries in your mobile devices? Soon, you don‘t need to. Scientists areworking on solar-cell vests that will absorb energy from the sun as you walk around and providepower for your devices.Eric Drexler, an author and scientist, believes that nanotechnology will lead to a new kind ofmanufacturing, one in which products are assembled atom by atom. By rearranging atoms, youcan turn one kind of molecule into another. For example, a wood molecule can be transformed into a metal molecule. If this is done many times according to a design, a large object such as an ax might eventually be created, just by rearranging atoms.70 .Although we have already seen its first practical applications, even more dramatic advances will be made in the future.Keys:67-70 AFECSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.As people recognize the dangers of fossil fuel plants, especially the risk of global warming from carbon dioxide production—nuclear power begins to look more attractive. But what about the waste—all that highly radioactive debris(残核) that will endure for thousands of years? Nuclear waste is one of the biggest technical issues that any future president is likely to face.______67________Plutonium(钚) has a half-life of 24,000 years. Even after 100,000 years, the radiation will still be above 10% of the level it had when it left the reactor.______68_________How can we possibly prove that this material can be kept safe for 100000 years?Still the US government persists in pursuing ―safe‖nuclear waste disposal(处理). It has created nuclear waste facilities buried deep within Yucca Mountain , Nevada. To keep the waste safe, the storage rooms are 1,000feet below the surface. _______69__________. It needs at least 2 square miles. The cost of the facility is expected to reach $100 billion ,with hundreds of billions of dollars more in operating costs. To make matters worse, earthquakes happen often in the Yucca Mountain region. More than 600 earthquakes of magnitude of 2.5 and higher have occurred within 50 miles in the last decade alone. Although that was millions of years ago, how sure can we be that the waste facility won‘t be torn apart by another eruption?________70_________ Why not just send the waste into the sun? Well, maybe that‘s notsuch a good idea, since on launch some rockets do crash back down to the earth. Some scientists have proposed that the waste be put in ships and sunk under the oceans. Yet just the fact that scientists make such suggestions seems to emphasize how the problem really is.Keys:67-70 ECDASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Staying young foreverIt used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan —a character from James Matthew Barrie‘s 1911 book —said: ―All children, except one, grow up.‖ _______67_________According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children‘s toy market itself. These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials —people born between the 1980s and 2000s.―Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,‖ commented website Koreaboo. _______68_________ .According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grown-ups is to escape the stress of today‘s fast-paced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve. ―It reminds me of the playful side of life,‖ Rob Willner, a 25-year-old PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment._______69_________ To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing ―the thrills of youth‖ is the evidence that ―adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore‖, he told The New York Times. ―That‘s actually quite sad.‖________70________ According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. ―It‘s just pop culture stuff. It‘s stuff that says, ‗I like a little of this and I like a little of that‘,‖ he told ABC News. ―It‘s no big deal.‖So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it‘s time to introduce a new ―fact‖, as stated in the tagline of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: ―Growing old is mandatory(强制的), but growing up is optional.‖Keys:67-70 DBFC\Section CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once .Note that there aretwo more sentences than you need.The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merelyaccomplished is not IQ, a generally bad predictor' of success.67Top performers spend more hours practising theircraft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you'd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn‘t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, orshared the same birthday.68 It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join.It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success, Armed with this ambition, she wouldread novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She‘d able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error focused. By practising in this way, site delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repealing, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream offeedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems-how do I get characters into a room-dozens and dozens of times. 69.The primaryquality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It's the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we're "hardwired" to do. And it's true that genes play a role in our capabilities.70 We construct ourselves through behavior.Keys:67-70 FEC ASection CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.There are a lot of different people in the world, but despite our differences we all want to get along. Humans are social beings, and we enjoy being treated nicely.67It is about treating people with respect and care.Be a good listener. To start a conversation, it is important to listen first, especially when you are in a group. Don‘t indulge（放纵）yourself in instant chant when you have just arrived. Examine the situation and the conversation, and then say whatever you think fit. It is better to say something valuable, rather than something meaningless. 68Don‘t try to change people. It is not your job to change anyone else. It is not in your power to change anyone else.Let other people live how they want to live.69If you do not like how someone acts, you can arrange things so that you interact with them as little as possible. You can always maintain a good attitude towards them so that your relationship with them might be change.Keep a smile. A little laughter goes a long way, and a smile cases tensions, wheres a frow n can create tensions. If someone teases you, try to laugh at it off. If someone is frowning, smile at them. Be mindful of your facial expression. If you are persistently and optimistic, people will cheer up when they are see you coming.70Some people do not take hints. Some people d not read body language. For these people, it really works to just say,‖ I really want us to work well together. I will help you and back you up, and you help me and beck me up.‖KEYS:67-70:DFEBSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In the radio drama ―Nau em Taim‖ aired in Papua New Guinea, a widowed father takes up dynamite(炸药) fishing—profitable but disastrous for the reef. Then he meets a dashing marine scientist who warns him off. The idea is that by the end of the drama, both he—and the listeners—will give up dynamite for sustainable fishing.The show‘s producer, the Population Media Center (PMC) in Vermont, has been a pioneer of programmes with the goal of fostering development. ___67___ In Vietnam Khat Vong Song uses radio drama to teach its listeners about domestic violence. In Kenya Mediae promotes civil rights with a television soap called ―Makutano Junction‖.Evidence that radio and television soaps can change behaviour was first spotted in the 1970s. ___68___ About twenty years later, economists at the Inter-American Development Bank, found that Brazilians receiving Globo, a television network promoting modern family concepts, had fewer children. Another follow-up study discovered that, as cable television spread, the birth rate in certain rural area dropped.Some argue that the influence was because couch potatoes were less likely to make babies. But research in Ethiopia showed that dramas can have a direct effect. Inquiries about ways to reduce birth rates rose by 157% among married women who listened to the soap operas ―Yeken Kignet‖ and ―Dhimbibba‖. ___69___ Male listeners sought tests for HIV/AIDS four times as much as male non-listeners.―The results are the best when people identify with characters,‖ says Betty Oala of the PMC.This is why the organization does extensive research, takes on local writers and uses native languages.Not only are soaps effective, but they are also cheap. Radio programmes can cost as little as three cents to reach a listener in Africa. ___70___ Although producers do not hide their purposes many scholars think that there could be a fight over morals and the aimful results of soap dramas.A drop in birth rates may seem like good news to a woman activist, but bad to a religious worker.Keys:67-70 FDAESection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.B.C.E.F.The Best Language for MathWhat‘s the best language for learning math? Hint: You‘re not reading it.Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.67 Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Educationat Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University.Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at ―11‖. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as ―ten-one‖– spoken with the ―ten‖ first. 68 .English number words over 10 don‘t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and ―teens‖, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doingmulti-digit addition and subtraction (减法). 69 .It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the ―make-a-ten‖ addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. 70 .Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract.Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!Keys:67-70 CFBDSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Parents simply cannot control all the possible paths their children maytake.B.Research in developmental psychology ought to help parentsrelax.C.If a woman works outside the home, she‘s depriving her children of her constant attention, but ifshe stays home, she tends to give her children too muchlove.D.According to Freud, after the first five ―formative years‖ ended in the crisis of the OedipalComplex (俄狄浦斯情结), the child‘s personalitywassetforlife.E.Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is moredelicate.F.Obviously it‘s good to give children stimulation and attention from the start, but one wrong stepwill not doom the child to psychologicaldamage.Parenting Anxiety RelievedWoman are insecure because there is no commonly accepted idea of what it means to be a good mother. Fathers have it easier in this regard; they just have to show up and they are automatically considered ―good‖, whereas mothers are always trying to prove to themselves and the world that theyaren‘t―bad‖.67 .her child‘s personality. In recent years, however, some psychologists tell mothers that th e first three years of life are the most important, while others think that all critical events happen during the first year.In some ways, things are getting worse. Years ago, a woman was allowed five years to shape Ironically, this pani c about doing the right thing to produce the perfect child is probably the worst thing for the child and the parent. 68Here is why.First, it i s not harmful to children if their mothers work. Mothers who neglect their own need and abilities for the sake of their children do not benefit their children, their marriage or themselves.Second, there is no crucial moment or stage in early childhood in which a child‘s fate is determined forever. 69 Children are more flexible than that.Research also finds that some children who have had the best parental care and guidance later give in to drugs, addi ction, mental illness or violence. 70 Between the parents‘best efforts and theresulting child lie other factors: the child‘s nature, geneti cally influenced characters, e xperiences outside the family and the child‘s knowledge of events. Parents can help an inborn shy child learn to cope better in situations that make the child anxious, but they aren‘t going to turn her into Britney Spears.Keys:66-70 CBFASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Plus-size women might be socially frowned upon (不赞成) and openly avoided by the fashion industry. ___67___A study done a few years ago by Plunkett Research, a market-research firm, found that 67% of American women were ―plus-size,‖ meanin g size 14 or larger. That figure might not have changed much, but in 2016, only 18% of clothing sold was plus-size, according to NPD Group, another research firm.Designers and retailers have long thought of the plus-size as high-risk. Predicting what these customers will buy can be difficult, as they tend to be more cautious about styles. Making larger clothes is more expensive; but higher costs for fabric cannot always be passed on to consumers. ___68___ ―We have money but nowhere to spend it,‖ says Krist ine Thompson, who runs a blog which has nearly 150,000 followers on Instagram.At last, that is changing. Fast-fashion brands, including Forever 21 and a fashion line sold in partnership with Target, a giant retailer, have expanded their plus-size collections. ___69___ Revenue in the plus-size category increased by 14% between 2013 and 2016, compared with growth of 7% for all apparel (服装). Takings (营业额) were $21.3 billion last year. Social media has played an important role in changing attitudes in the fashion business, says Madeline Jones, editor and co-founder of PLUS Model Magazine.Nonetheless, designer brands still hold back. ___70___ For those that are willing to take achance, several internet startups (创业公司) that deliver personally styled outfits to individuals, including plus-size women, offer data to ―straight-size‖ designers.Not all plus-size shoppers are convinced. Laura Fuentes, a hairstylist from Abilene, Texas, says that many upmarket (高端市场的) department stores still keep their plus-size clothing sections poorly organized, badly stocked and dimly lit, if they stock larger clothes at all. Yet such complaints should be taken with a pinch of salt (有所保留), says Ms. Thompson. ―We‘re nowhere near where we should be but we‘ve made progress,‖ she says.Keys:67--70: DBECSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Overnight, eating fried chicken in the People‘s Square is OUT; instead, people started to drink HEEKCAA and eat Bao Master. This year, the queues in front of the doors of ―Wanghong delicacies‖ were so dense that a cup of tea has been hyped to over 80 Y uan by scalpers (黄牛) and local bloggers even customized a one-day tour to eat in Shanghai.To a great extent, Wanghong phenomenon depends on merchants‘ business strategy. ______67______. Business also works on publicity. Before HEEKCAA‘s arrival in Shanghai, it has advertised through microblog, local life service and other self-media, which has generated a certain amount of heat among the public. Once people make the purchase, the ―sense of accomplishment‖ will urge some of them to show off at their Wechat moments, which is good for brand image. Also, when a product is quickly recognized by consumers, capitals will come in great numbers. The boost of capitals undoubtedly helps the subsequent publicity of the brand.______68______. In the Internet era, the spread of information is so fa st that it doesn‘t matter whether the tea tastes good or bad; it‘s just a matter of whether you ever drink it. There is a word for this behavior —―fomo‖, which means fear of missing out. Oxford University professor said this is not new. As social animals, humans have a strong desire to be part of a group, to be accepted, recognized, valued and remembered. A little baby cries for a hug and a child makes small trouble to get noticed. These behaviors are, in the eyes of sociologists, anxious for existence. It‘s just that social media today that make it easier for people to perceive other people‘s lives, and have a sense of loss not to join them when they know what others are doing.10-20 Y uan is the exchange value of milk tea, but it‘s the symbol value of the goods that encourages people to ―pull the grass‖. Just like the lipstick, mailbox and graffiti wall that have been on the list of Wanghong, people want to use relatively controllable spending to gain satisfaction from a moments‘ thumb up. ______69______.With the development of society, consumers are not just buying a product but its brand culture and quality of life, so the appearance of light consuming is inevitable. However, ―Wanghong economy‖ is always short-lived because this consumer group is changeable in affection. Consumers who come by ―physical attractiveness‖ will quickly vanish if there is no implicit value or connotation to support. ______70______. Besides, consumers should make rational consumption instead of just following the trend.Keys:67--70 FEBCSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Imagine you're standing in line to buy an afterschool snack at a store. You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. Next, you have to pay. But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ear._____67____ As technology companies move away from traditional password, biometric（生物识别）security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice ID, is becoming increasingly popular.In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then, using one‘s fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives. And since last year, Samsung has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphones, while Apple‘s new iPhone X can even scan a user‘s face._______68_____―Biometrics, ideally, are good,‖John Michener, a biometric expert, told tech webs ite Inverse. ―In practice, not so much.‖When introducing the new iPhone‘s Face ID feature at Apple‘s Keynote Event in September, Phil Schiller, Apple‘s senior vice president, said, ―______69_______‖.But it‘s already been done. In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov 3, two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face, Quartz reported. And they aren‘t even twins.―We may expect too much from biometrics,‖Anil Jain, a computer science professor at Michigan State University, told CBS news. ―No security systems are perfect.‖Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.―It‘s good to see biometrics being used more,‖Jain told CBS News, ―because it adds another factor for security. ______70_______‖.Keys:67-70 D A F CSection C。
2023年上海高三英语一模汇编 —六选四
六选四-2023年上海高三英语一模汇编1.宝山区Many people drink protein shakes(高蛋白饮品)regularly to lose weight,build muscle or both.Others, however,question the belief that protein shakes are better than normal,high-protein foods.So what is the truth?What is in a protein shake?Protein shakes are dietary supplements(膳食补充品)designed to help people consume more protein than they otherwise would.___47___Or people can mix their own shakes using protein powder and other ingredients.Protein powder can be made from plants or animals.Plant-based protein shakes can include soy, pea or rice protein.Animal-based protein powders are usually made from cow’s milk.Those who want to stay away from milk can also get protein powder made from egg whites.Advantages of protein shakesStudies indicate that consuming protein shakes is helpful if you want to build your muscle.They can also help to improve your performance while exercising and help you to recover from exercise.___48___ Consuming protein shakes can also help you lose weight.Eating a high-protein diet helps you feel full,so it’s easier to resist eating too much.High-protein diets can also increase how quickly your body burns energy. When you use more energy than you take in through food,you lose weight.___49___Disadvantages of protein shakesHowever,you don’t have to drink protein shakes to have a high-protein diet.Many wholefoods are rich in protein.As a matter of fact,the people in many high-protein diet studies didn’t drink protein shakes The studies proved the benefits of eating protein-rich foods.___50___In contrast,many protein shakes contain sugar or artificial sweeteners,which are not healthy.To sum upSo yes,protein shakes are convenient,and they work.However,they are not your only choice for eating a high-protein diet.A.And if you’re losing weight,protein shakes can help make sure that you don’t lose muscle.B.Protein shakes can also help people to manage their figures,especially their weight.C.Moreover,these foods contain other nutrients in addition to protein.D.Therefore,it is unnecessary to take protein shakes unless it is a must.E.Protein shakes can be ready-made drinks.F.And high-protein diets have also been linked to the loss of fat.2.崇明区Israeli Company Develops3D Printed BeefIf there were an award for the funniest company name of2022,then the3D printed meat company “Steakholder”would win that award.Israeli company Steakholder Foods Ltd.has introduced its new product,Omakase Beef Morsels,which are bioprinted with cultured meat.The bites are inspired by the world-famous Wagyu beef,famous for its fat marbling patterns(大理石花纹)in the meat,which is also very expensive.The company was formed in2019and has an office in Israel and Belgium,and is now expanding its operations to the US.____67____Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef,and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks.____68____A bite can be made juicier,chewier,and the taste can also be altered.The process works by first selecting the animals to extract(提取)the stem cells from.The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield.The next step is proliferation,in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply.When the cells reach appropriate numbers,the stem cells change into muscle cells and fat cells.____69____“This product marks a major step forward for us and for the cultured meat industry in general,”said Arik Kaufman,CEO of Steakholder Foods.“It is the result of a lot of hard work and our desire to achieve the highest level of meat possible through bioprinting and cell culture processes.”____70____Its patent for3D-bioprinting technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its3D printing engineers and cell biologists.“We see Omakase Beef Morsels as the combination of food,technology and fine art,”Kaufman said.“We want to inspire chefs around the world to create delicious masterpieces and unforgettable dining experiences.”So there you have it,guilt-free meat eating may be just around the corner.A.The company has already achieved several milestones since it was founded.B.Its goal is to create sustainable meat products to replace meats such as beef,chicken and even fish.C.The layers of meat and fat can be regrouped in different proportions to create different flavor experiences.D.Additionally,producing meat without having to raise and kill cattle may work out better for ensuring animal welfare and overall health.E.The meat product is the first of its kind and was created using a specific3D-bioprinting technology that was recently patented by the company.F.In the final steps,the muscle cells and fat cells are turned into meat,ready to be processed into the final product,whether it’s a burger,steak,or even a meatloaf.3.奉贤区At a Loss for WordsImagine a friend is heading out to face a difficult task.As a last word before they disappear,you want to encourage them.What might you say?If you are speaking English,the likeliest choice is“good luck”.If you stop to think about it,that is a little odd.Though you might indeed hope luck smiles on your friend, neither they nor you can do much about the probability.____47____That is why the French,in this situation, say“bon courage”,not“good luck”.English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expression.You may wish someone“good morning”,“good afternoon”or“good night”,but not“good weekend”.____48____ However,in other languages it is perfectly usual.____49____English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday,but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations”as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year.The Dutch also say“gefeliciteerd”to members of the family,including the one who really deserves congratulating: the mother.This is close to obligatory(义务的)，while it would come as a strange surprise in English.It is tempting to draw deep cultural conclusions from the presence of this or the absence of that in a language.____50____For example,the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon appétit, and there’s no reason to stop there.Congratulate your mother-in-law on your wife’s birthday,and you can prepare for a delighted smile back.It may seem awkward or tricky at first but you can make it stick if you try.A.Special occasions are another way in which languages differ.B.It is natural to be critical of languages that lack expressions you think necessary.C.What you really want to wish them is courage not fortune.D.Having no English equivalent is annoying for those who are used to it.E.You can say that phrase if you like,but your neighbour would look at you strangely.F.But not having a word for something doesn’t mean you can’t coin one—or borrow it.Social EngineeringWhen using social media,many users may not be thinking of the social engineering implications that can arise with too much over-sharing of personal information.However,what people share in posts can paint a very vivid picture of a person–which can then be misused by hackers.“____47____Social engineering is the number one cause of most spiteful data breaches(泄露),”said Roger Grimes,data-driven defense specialist at cyber security firm KnowBe4.“Nothing else is even close, percentage-wise,”Grimes warned,“Nearly every organization could best improve their cyber security defense plans if they focused far more on reducing the likelihood of social engineering.No other single defense could do more to protect an organization against hacking and malware(恶意软件).”“Every organization should look to see what they can improve in their defense-in-depth plan(e.g.,policies, technical defenses,and education)to defeat social engineering.It is because almost no organization appropriately focuses the necessary resources and training against social engineering that allows hackers and malware to be so long-term successful.____48____”The security experts warn that even in the context of“social media,”users shouldn’t let their guard down. ____49____“As individuals,we are aware of the personal threats posed by cyber attacks directed against us,”suggested Erfan,cyber security expert at data security Comforte AG.“To avoid being victimized,it’s best to operate under the mindset that footprints exist everywhere and can never be completely wiped out.”“As members of businesses and organizations,we know that enterprise data is always a tempting target for hackers,”Erfan continued.“____50____Preventing attacks and breaches is not100percent fool-proof,so we can only hope that big techs have instituted the measures of data-centric security applied directly to data in case that sensitive information falls into the wrong hands.”A.In fact,this is where users should actually adopt a more cautious attitude.B.The recent attack against Twitter should underscore the need for data-centric security.C.For developers,this vulnerability also shows there’s still a need for proper input validation and ensure that any request is authorized.D.Hackers love that defenders are distracted and don’t focus appropriate resources on the number one threat.anizations should make a joint effort to protect the sensitive data from exploitation.F.This is just one more example of the success of social engineering used by hackers.How to show others you careThe idea that kindness can boost happiness is hardly new.Studies have shown that prosocial behavior—basically,voluntarily helping others—can help lower people’s daily stress levels,and that simple acts of connection,like texting a friend,mean more than many of us realize.___47___“I have found that kindness can be a really hard sell,”said Tara Cousineau,a clinical psychologist,“People desire kindness yet often feel troubled by the thought of being kind.”___48___They may question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted,or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.___49___Jennifer Oldham,who lost her9-year-old daughter Hallie in July,recently created a Facebook group—Keeping Kindness for Hallie—that encourages participants to engage in random acts of kindness. People have bought groceries and donated school supplies in Hallie’s honor.“It will help your own heart, maybe even more than the recipients,”said Ms.Oldham.If you are not already in the habit of performing random kind acts,or if it does not come naturally to you, start by thinking about what you like to do.It’s not about you being like,‘Oh man,now I have to learn how to bake cookies in order to be nice’.It’s about:___50___And how can you turn that into an offering for other people?A.What skills and talents do you already have?B.Stress can also keep people from being kind to others.C.Why are recipients less likely to appreciate a random act of kindness?D.But an act of kindness is unlikely to fail,and in some instances it can create even more kindness.E.People who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it.F.But researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.6.嘉定区Out-of-control SpaceX RocketA SpaceX rocket is now headed directly for the moon after spending almost seven years flying through space,experts say.The rocket was originally launched to send a space weather satellite to the Lagrange point—a gravity-neutral position four times farther than the moon and in direct line with the sun.____47____At this phase,it did not have enough fuel to return to Earth’s atmosphere.But meanwhile it lacked the energy to escape the gravity of the Earth-Moon system.____48____Space observers believe that it is on course to intersect(相交)with the moon.Bill Gray,who writes software to track near-Earth objects,has said the rocket will very likely hit the far side of the moon,near the equator.“This is the first unintentional case of space junk hitting the moon of which I’m aware,”Gray added.____49____Because of the unpredictable effect of sunlight“pushing”on the rocket and“difficulty in measuring rotation(旋转)periods”,its orbit may be slightly altered.“But these unpredictable effects are very small,”Gray wrote.He added that further observations were needed to decide the precise time and location of the impact.In a recent blog post,he wrote that the rocket has made a close lunar flyby,and will definitely make an impact.As for whether the collision(相撞)could be viewed from Earth,Gray says it will probably go unobserved.”Even if it hit on the near side of the moon,the impact occurs a couple of days after New Moon, which was hardly observable,he added,“to me,the impact was not a big deal.”____50____They believe that the event will allow for observation of valuable lunar materials ejected(弹射)by the rockets strike.A.So the rocket has been following a somewhat chaotic orbit since.B.Nevertheless,space enthusiasts believe the impact could provide valuable data.C.It was part of SpaceX’s space exploration programme.D.But after completing a long burn of its engines,the rocket’s second phase became a problem.E.The exact spot that the rocket will hit remains unclear.F.The lunar phase reveals the passage of time in the night sky.7.金山区I Am Not a RobotAn annoyance,an important security feature,an uncomfortable request:however you feel about being asked to prove you are not a robot,it has become a daily occurrence for most of us,but perhaps not one we would miss if it were to suddenly go away.A new feature in the latest versions of iOS and macOS,Apple’s operating systems for smartphones and computers,promises to give the boot to“captchas”once and for all.____47____“Sometimes a captcha is just a button to press,”said Apple engineer Tommy Pauly.“But other times it canbe a challenge to fill out.”The term captcha is in fact an acronym(首字母缩略词)for“completely automated public Turing test (图灵测试)to tell computers and humans apart.”To help stop fraud(欺诈),these little tests often pop up when you’re signing up for or onto a website.____48____If you get it wrong,it may ask you to start again,leading you to wonder if you really know what a traffic light looks like—or if you might really be a robot after all.But captchas are now fast becoming unusable,making the Internet a wasteland of difficult ers must struggle to do the most basic things.“We’ve literally all found ourselves at one time or another complaining:‘Those were all the pictures with traffic lights,”said Effie Le Moignan,a researcher in social computing at Newcastle University.Internet users struggle to tell the difference between a wear of paint on a sidewalk and a formalized crosswalk that’s often requested in a traditional captcha,and worry that one wrong answer may lock them out of an account.____49____“You likely don’t enjoy being interrupted by these,”said Apple’s Tommy Pauly.“I certainly don’t.The reason these experiences exist is to prevent dishonest activity.If you run a server,you don’t want it to be defeated by fraud.____50____”The company worked with Fastly and Cloudflare to build the new feature.It works by allowing your device to send a statement confirming it is being used by a human to the requesting website.A.This is becoming a bigger issue as captchas have grown increasingly confusing.B.Therefore,when faced with something really confusing,many people simply give up.C.Most attempts to create accounts or to buy products come from common users,but some attempts can also come from attackers.D.Called“automatic confirmation,”the technology will allow sites to confirm you are not a robot without you having to do anything at all.E.These tests may ask you to spot all the traffic lights in a picture or to type out some special letters and numbers.F.Although the service is tied to Apple’s iCloud network,the requesting site will not receive any personal information about the user or their device.8.静安区Recently,there’s been a lot of talk in U.S.about the“data problem.”It ought to give the“datadriven”school reformers pause to reconsider.Maybe we are just creating a bubble that too will burst if we continue to base our actions on the belief that only scores on standardized instruments are evidence of success.____47____ Margo,a famous commenter,states that at least tests are more“reliable”than professional judgment.How can she tell?We want a nation of citizens who are less ready to think that the“truth”can only be captured in one of four answers—a,b,c,or d.____48____But how can the general trend guarantee the reliability of the score of one particular test-taker?Some educator dares to replace these tests with professional human judgments,which must still rest on a numerical rank order based on a,b,c and d.The big problem is that there is often no technical assurance for the reliability of such exams.No wonder many big-name psychologists avoid them.All“reliability”tells us is that the student would get a similar score on a similar test if given at another time or place.But all scores on old or new tests have measurement errors.Like Wall Street’s numbers,we have no independent basis for relying on these scores.Likewise,validity is in the eye of a certain standard of judgments.How ridiculous it is to say for sure that these judgments are justified!When some parents told me that their children seemed to read well,but scored poorly,they often believed the indirect evidence,test score,and not the direct evidence,listening to their children read.Some parents had been trained to distrust judgment and rely on“real evidence”.My own8-year-old son also used to“fail”a3rd grade reading test even though I“knew”he could read fluently.____49____We need schools that“train”our which help us become adults who are in the habit of bringing judgment to bear on complex phenomenon.____50____It also involves acknowledging that even experts must live with a substantial degree of uncertainty.Only in this way,can we,to some extent,rely on the results of the school education in the U.S.A.Even the technical meaning of“good tests”is open to question.B.It’s when I became a test doubter.C.Different groups of people fit different test patterns.D.On all achievement tests,we’re promised beforehand a population that fits a normal curve(曲线).E.This includes judging which expertise to“trust”and defending such choices.F.Time spent on standardized tests is,in many cases,equal to that on study.9.闵行区Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization.Back then,and today,providing food was the basic task for a person.____67____People feel the need for not only some primary things,such as bread and shelters,but also for various facilities and luxuries.Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources,which requires energy.In turn,the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution,so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.____68____The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products,at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required.These plants produce a lot of waste,which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals,or people.The traditional energy sources,which are commonly used nowadays,are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment.There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy.____69____Of course,during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.In order to produce practical energy,a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable.This is expensive and,has harmful effects on the environment.Application of wind energy would block airflow’s natural speed.Consequently,the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected,and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.____70____This is the embarrassment mankind has to deal with.A good balance between economic development and sustainability is forever what humankind has to keep in mind.A.There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment.B.Clean energy has always been on the priority list for a better environment.C.For these reasons,bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible.D.However,nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly.E.So humankind began to make exploration to satisfy themselves economically and mentally.F.They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time.10.普陀区Engaging in Family MealsEngaging in family meals may be a matter of improving communication and support at home.A new studyin the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior,published by Elsevier,connects less family discouragement and better family communication with a higher likelihood to eat evening family meals and family breakfasts together,and not in front of a television.The researchers surveyed259patients who participated in weight management and weight loss programs at the Ohio State University or Wake Forest University.______47______“It’s important to note all family members in the home have influence,”lead study author Keeley J.Pratt, PhD,the Ohio State University,Columbus,OH,USA,said of the findings that any family member can influence the adoption and maintenance of healthy patterns and behaviors in the home.______48______The study also found parents who perceived their child to be overweight were more than four times as likely to talk to them about the kid’s weight,also called“weight talk.”“While open communication with children about health is beneficial,it’s important to ensure communication directly about children’s weight is not harmful in their development of a healthy body image and behaviors.That includes older children and adolescents who are at greater risk of developing eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors,”Professor Pratt said.______49______Families with younger children,regardless of gender,were more likely to eat family dinners and breakfasts together,and parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child.As kids grow up,the relationship between kids and their parents becomes better.______50______“Understanding these associations will provide essential evidence needed to design future family-based interventions for these patients to help in their behavior change and weight loss,prevent the beginning of obesity in children,and enhance positive family meal practices and healthy communication about weight,”Professor Pratt said.A.The study shows parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child.B.They found parents with better family communication were more likely to participate in family meals.C.There was no significant difference between male and female children in this study.D.This was the first study specifically to examine the home eating habits of adult patients.E.Previous study has shown parental obesity(肥胖)is the strongest risk for children’s obesity.F.Someone has no power to influence the family,but they are influencing each other.11.青浦区Why gratitude is good for youGratitude is more than just saying“thank you”to someone who has helped us or given us a gift.____47____And this positive emotion can be good for our health—our emotional and physical health,as well as the health of our relationships.Let’s start by looking at the emotional or mental health benefits of expressing gratitude.There have been many studies,as described in a2018paper from the Greater Good Science Center titled“The Science of Gratitude”,showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person or writing in a gratitude journal,if done regularly,improves mental health.___48___But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone,like in a journal,the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and more satisfied with life.And this gets better with time.As we are essentially training our brain to be more in tune with noticing the positive,after several weeks or months,this becomes more intuitive.And so,the more we express gratitude,the more positive we feel.____49____There are studies linking a gratitude practice to better sleep quality,better eating habits,and reduced infection in people who have had heart problems.So gratitude is clearly good for us,but is it also good for the people in our lives?The simple answer is“yes”.When shared—spoken or written—gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too.____50____And that’s on top of all the other ways gratitude is clearly good for us.Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead?A.Gratitude can also make us feel good physically.B.Therefore,it’s easy to tell that gratitude is advantageous to us.C.It is the feeling of being grateful and wanting to express our thanks.D.It can help promote stronger relationships with family,friends or even colleagues.E.One reason for this,is that gratitude stops us from reflecting on negative emotions.F.It is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion.12.松江区Shanghai Regulation to Help Boost AIShanghai’s decision to boost the development of the artificial intelligence industry will promote the city’s digital transformation and its efforts to build itself into an international AI highland,experts said in an interview.The city passed a regulation on boosting AI just months ago,marking the first such effort in China at theprovincial level.___67___“This regulation emphasizes industry innovation and guidance for future development,”said Yan Rui, director of legal affairs in the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress,at a recent media briefing.“___68___It will also strongly support the digital transformation of Shanghai,and assist creation of an AI highland with global influence.”Yan said.One highlight of the AI regulation is that the municipal departments concerned could draw up lists of minor violations during the development of the AI industry which would not receive administrative punishment.“___69___It is the same case with AI.Therefore,it is an international agreement to allow for minor errors during the research and development process,”said Weng Guanxi,a lawyer at a Shanghai-based law firm.The regulation gives a clear definition of AI and the AI industry and encourages innovative activities in the field by people,enterprises and organizations.___70___In2021,the combined output value of AI enterprises above a designated size,or with an annual revenue of20million yuan($16.85million)or above,reached305billion yuan,2.28times that of2018, according to China Securities Journal.The number of talented professionals working in the AI field in Shanghai has soared from100,000in2018to230,000in2021,said a Xinhua News Agency report.A.The AI industry worldwide is undergoing orderly transformation.B.The regulation came into effect on October1,just as planned.C.Shanghai’s AI industry scale has expanded dramatically in the past few years.ernment and the related division’s responsibilities are all within the framework of established laws and regulations.E.The regulation on AI intends to facilitate various stimulations for the high-quality development of the AI industry.F.The core of scientific research is that it is a process of constantly making mistakes and distinguishing right from wrong.13.徐汇区Quiet QuittingWhile not a new concept,the term“quiet quitting”has recently gained popularity on social media.What is quiet quitting?Quiet quitting doesn’t mean an employee has left their job,but rather has limited their tasks to avoid。
2023届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试卷
2023届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试卷一、短对话1．A．By train. B．By taxi. C．By bus. D．By bike.2．A．A lawyer. B．A coach. C．A teacher. D．A boss.3．A．March 31st. B．April 4th. C．April 2nd. D．April 1st.4．A．¥180. B．¥280. C．¥380. D．¥560.5．A．It’s beautiful.B．It’s a Greek campus.C．It’s a small campus.D．It’s popular with people.6．A．Mr. Smith’s course is difficult.B．Mr. Smith often makes mistakes.C．The course proves to be quite easy.D．The course is mistaken for nothing.7．A．He is short of money.B．He has been in trouble recently.C．He doesn’t want to miss any work.D．He is unwilling to stay at home alone.8．A．She has to remove the virus.B．She can’t meet the deadline.C．She can’t put up with the co mputer.D．She’s infected with a certain disease.9．A．He hates to buy tickets all the times.B．They can afford to buy a ticket next October.C．Buying a yearly ticket can save him much money.D．The woman is too busy to visit the garden again within a year.10．A．They are comforting each other.B．They are telling a joke about football.C．They are exchanging ideas as football fans.D．They are expressing what they think about the match.二、短文听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
2019上海高考英语一模六选四汇编含答案word文档
上海高考英语题型训练: 六选四2019年高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank witha proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.________69________ No one is perfect, and no one can do everything, so admitting your limits is actually a sign of humility.It is also important to acknowledge what you're feeling. Even when you don't need to feel guilty, these feelings are real and normal. Try to balance them with positive thoughts, but realize that it often takes time for feelings to change________70________. If so, don't try to conceal it. Apologize and ask for forgiveness. Learn from your mistakes, and try to avoid committing the same acts again. Getting on well with the person you hurt should make you guilty feeling fade.Guilt is painful, but it can serve a good purpose if you use it well. 67-70 DCEBIf you believed everything you read about your credit score, you'd think it was the most important component of your financial health. Without a good credit score and history, the experts say, it's more difficult qualify for a mortgage(按揭)or a car loan-and more expensive if you're approved for a loan, too, because you won't get the best interest rates. In many states, bad credit can even raise your insurance payments, cost you a rental apartment, or make it harder to get hired._______67________First off, there are several credit scores out there. While it's important to cultivate your credit scores by using creditresponsibly, your FICO credit score may not be the same as what VantageScore reports, and lenders may use a different one entirely, so focusing on one score can be a fruitless exercise.More important as financial reporter Dave Ramsey notes on his blog, your credit score is not a measure of your overallfinancial health. He writes:"________68________"FICO, the most popular credit-scoring agency, users several weighted factors to determine your credit score,including payment history (35 percent), amounts owed (30percent), length of credit history (15 percent), new credit (10 percent), and credit mix (10 percent).________69________ My husband and I enjoyed steady credit scores above 820 for a while.But when we paid off one of our rental properties in 2017, we both saw our credit scores fall by 20 or more points. The sudden drop took place because we completed a 15-year loan and reduced the average length of our credit historytremendously.________70________That’s blackmail. I would rather be debt-free than have a perfect credit score.Your credit score is certainly important when you’re starting out and likely to borrow money for a down payment (首付) on a home or some other big purchase. But once you’re fairly established financially, it’s much easier to see it for what it really is: a measure of how well you borrow money. 67-70 FCDAB.C.E.The smell of a new car can be appealing in showrooms, for which there’s a good reason. That new car smell comes from a mixture of chemicals, some of which can be highly poisonous.________67________Many of these contain volatile (挥发性的) organic compounds (VOCs), some of which can be deadly in sufficient quantities. Others are just bad for you.“It’s a chemical cocktail made up of lots of poisonous substances,” said Jeff Gearhart, Research Director of the Ecology Center in the US state of Michigan. The Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years, and has noted some improvement. But Gearhart says there is still work to be done.“There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles,”he said. “Since these chemicals are not regulated, consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face.”________68________ Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches, dizziness, etc., depending on the sensitivity of an individual.According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductive impacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system —or even cancer.________69________The danger is the greatest when the car is new, and that new car smell is most noticeable.________70________ It is the release of chemical vapors, which leads to the smell. Heat from a vehicle left in the sun can make matters worse, and speed up the chemical reaction. The danger is reduced over time, and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months.Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated (通风的), especially during the first six months of ownership. Park in the shade with the windows open when it’s safe to do so, or at least try to air it out before getting inside—especially on hot days. 67-70 EDACB.C.E.of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be.Without patience, life is extremelyfrustrating.________67________Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It’s important for inner peace.________68________ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment,being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking get out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”.Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice.________69________They are theperiods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and thecurriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you’ll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it’s only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those special qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone—five minutes of successful patience —you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You’ll see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death” but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with.________70________ 67-70 BDAEMost college students don’t put self-care at the top of their to do lists. When you’re caught up in the whirlwind(旋风) of classes, extra-curricular, work, friendships, and final exams, it’s easy to ignore a task that doesn’t come with a deadline (even if that task is simply “taking care of yourself”). Embrace the excitement and intensity of college life, but remember that maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health is essential to your success and well-being.________67________Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies.Get Away for some Alone Time. If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. ________68________Take a Mindful Walk Around Campus. When you’re strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and distress. ________69_________ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. Take note of at least five beautiful or intriguing things you notice along your route. You might find yourself feeling a littlecalmer by the time you reach your destination.Stage a Sleep Intervention. How much sleep do you really get each night? ________70________ By doing that, you’ll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. Don’t buy into the myth that the less you’re sleeping, the harder you’re working. Your mind and body need consistent sleep to operate at optimum levels--you simply can’t do your best work without it.Download a New Podcast. Take a break from the books, grab your headphones, and listen to some immersive mysteries, compelling interviews, or laugh-out-loud comedy. There are thousands of podcasts covering almost every subject imaginable, so you’re sure to find something that interests you. 67-70 DEACThe human face is a remarkable piece ofwork.________67________ So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.________68________In America facial recognition is used bychurches to track worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem enhansive. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities.________69________Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.________70________Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone’s face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional. 67-70 FDAEwhile most of us are happy to sit on the sofa and watch their exploits on TV? Robin Styles ponders(考虑)this question.Generally, we love to watch someone's bravery and drama--a single person against the wilds of nature, testing their endurance beyond belief. And our pleasure is greater because we live a comfortable and increasingly risk-free life, where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour.________67________However, there are countless ways to test the limits of your endurance, if you should wish to do so, by attempting something unpleasant, uncomfortable or just plain dangerous.American Lynne Cox swims in sub-zero temperatures through the planet's most dangerous oceans wearing only a swimsuit--for fun! According to Lynne, there is always something driving her on. At age 9, when she was swimming in an outdoor pool one day, a violent storm blew up, but she refused to get out of the pool. Something make her carry on. Then she realized that, as the water got colder and rougher, she was actually getting faster and warmer, and she was really enjoying it. At age 14, she broke her first endurance record. Years later, experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even layer of body fat, like a seal.________68________The famous British explorer, Sir Ranulph Fiennes, has led many major expeditions (远征) in the extreme cold, including walking right round the Arctic Circle. He has also led expeditions in the extreme heat, and discovered the Lost City of Ubar in the Omani desert.________69________Sir Fiennes has said, "If I am getting sick, I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely done it."________70________There is probably no such thing as a "normal" adventurer. Unsurprisingly, risk-takers tend to be single-minded and unusually determined people who hate the stability and routine that most people prefer. They tend to take risks for the "fun" of it. The excitement becomes addictive, and they want more and more of it. Ordinary life seems boring in comparison. 67-70 EADBUnit 8 金山区Netherlander Worldwide Entertainment signed a deal last November that would see Shimmer (《犹太人在上海》) become the first Chinese musical to have an open-ended run on Broadway in 2019.________67________Directed by Xu Jun, Shimmer is a musical in both English and Chinese. Shimmer, which tells a story about Jews who fled to Shanghai to escape Nazi persecution (迫害) during World War II, was first shown at the Shanghai Culture Square in 2015. ________68________The musical’s scheduled open-ended run in 2019 will be one of the events to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. With this play being shown on Broadway, the ties between Chinese people and Americans will be firmly strengthened. And through this drama, the audience can feel the charm of Chinese culture.________69________ To deal with the problem, many production companies in Shanghai have pointed out that they should keep striving for improvement by creating more Chinese musicals and by creating more audiences. Currently, those who watch Western musicals in China are limited to a small group — people who have received a university education or have had overseas working experiences, white-collar and evengold-collar workers. There are only a handful of people who understand foreign languages and you have to find a way tomotivate the public and get them into the theater.________70________There has been a handful of successful musical stories in Shanghai. The Chinese editions of Broadway musicals Cats and Mamma Mia, both of which had hundreds of shows across China, are among the top box office hits.67-70 EBFDpain, according to the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness. However, today, scientists view humans as a species of animals, and largely accept that many species are capable of some level ofself-awareness. People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion.If you slap(掌击) another person in the face, you can estimate their pain level by what they do or say in response. ________67________ Gradually, scientists have developed a set of indicators of pain response in non-human animals. Demonstrating a response to a negative stimulation and displaying protective behavior of injured areas are two major signs.But huge disagreement exists. For example, scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters(龙虾) feel pain. Some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar tovertebrates(脊椎动物) to feel pain. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the standards for a pain response. Lobsters guard their injuries, and learn to avoid dangerous situations.________68________ In result, today most scientists agree that injuring a lobster causes physical pain.Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain, it is now illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice in some countries. Currently, boiling lobsters alive is illegal in Switzerland and New Zealand. Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal, many restaurants prefer more humane methods. ________69_______To satisfy picky diners, more restaurants rule out the cruel cooking methods. Stabbing a lobster in the head isn’t a good option, as it neither kills the lobster nor makes it unconscious.Currently, the most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device electrocutes(电击) alobster.________70________ The following process of cooking is sure to cause no pain. In contrast, it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from boiling water during which time pain lasts. 67-70 EADBworthwhile and ready to learn from the bestexperiences.________67________ Here are some life lessons which people will learn the hard way in majority of cases.________68________ However, people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would. At this time, people refer only to people who have alreadyachieved what they want to do. Look at any successful person and you’ll notice one thing common in all of them: they took time to learn and mastered their skill like no one else. Thereis no elevator to success and you have to take the stairs.Be brave to take the road less traveled. In our whole life, we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests, do the same thing everyone does, take the same career path everyone takes, wear the same clothes everyone wears, and hang out with the same people we work with. Why? Because we are scared to fail. But when you get bored of life, you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destinyis different from anyone else’s out there in the world.________69________You don’t have to live your life in a way society wants you to. ______70_______ Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don’t want because other children have selected that career. Worst of all, people follow them without even asking. There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before your interest, sooner or later you’ll realize that you should first do what you think is right. 67-70 DAFCUnit 11, 浦东新区stressed.Teaching should not be one of the most stressful jobs in the US. But it is. “The only other profession that comes close to us for stress is nursing ----- and we still have the numbers... by a lot. ________67________ ”“Nobody realizes how horrific working conditions are for teachers throughout the country,”“Brice-Hyde says, an experienced teacher in New York who is part of the national group Badass Teachers Association (BAT).________68________ So they did a national study of teacher working conditions around issues like stress, work-life balance, respect, and more. The results are bothsurprising---and not. If you've been seeing the stories about teacher walkouts and pay inequality, you probably aren't all that shocked to see these things like: 61 percent of educators find work "always" or "often" stressful; 27 percent of educators said they've been threatened or bullied; 86 percent of educators feel disrespected by US Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos.Teachers are stressed out, and turnover is high. No wonder we're seeing more stories about the importance of self-care, classroom burnout, and mental health days for teachers. Yet, self-care doesn't seem to come easily for people, and this is definitely true for teachers. ________69________We think it's time to change that, though. So in honor of World Mental Health Day, we are working to change the dialogue about teacher mental health, Below are some of the top challenges people give for not seeking therapy, or even basic self-care. along with possible solutions and workarounds for each one.We hope you share this article widely, giving support and love to your fellow educators.________70________ And it's pretty much guaranteed to help you do what you set out to in the first place-be a good teacher. 67-70 CADFWe live in a remarkable time, and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery. Itis almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the restof the diseases. Expectations of life have greatly increased.But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of men women and children on the roads. Man fights against the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which manis losing.________67________Nothing can seriously increase your risk of potentiallyfatal car accidents other than speeding and failing to pay due attention to weather conditions. ________68________ There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. Usually quiet and pleasant people, whenthey are behind the steering wheel, will become unrecognizable. They are impolite, aggressive, self-willed like two-year-old, completely selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments, and jealousy seem to be caused by driving.________69________ It's all for his own convenience. Due toa serious tragedy,the city is almost uninhabitable and the huge parking lot makesthe town ugly. The destruction of rural areas and the annual mass killings are just a statistic, easily forgotten. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strictand even the strictest are not strict enough.Traffic rules are for everyone to follow under any circumstances, and no one can make an exception unless you makea joke of your own life. Universally accepted standards can only have a significant beneficial effect on the incidence of accidents. Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers.________70________ These measures may sound cruel. However, if these measures result in a reduction in theloss of life every year, they should certainly not be consideredserious. After all, the world belongs to humans, not cars. 67-70 BDCEThere is nothing like going home. More so if it is for the Spring Festival family reunion. For a migrant worker it perhaps means even more. To be able to set out on a homeward journey with money from a year’s toil in his pocket is the best thing he can think of. ________67________ They had to press hard for their defaulted payments, the salaries that were failed to pay up.About 200 million migrant workers nationwide are something left behind by economic reforms and opening up due to their contributions in the past three decades. It is almost impossible to imagine life in these places without them. However, they still form a disadvantaged group. Their rights are violated in different forms. Among other things, unpaid salaries are the most painful of such violations that are likely to drive a migrant worker to desperate actions.________68________________69________ They have taken measures to prevent employers from holding back payments to them. Yet, as thefinancial crisis bites deep, some small enterprises that are struck the most try to reduce their economic losses by laying off migrant workers or refusing to pay them. So it is particularly important for governments at all levels to do an even better job in helping villager-turned-workers recover their unpaid salaries before the Spring Festival.It is good news that quite a number of local governments have organized special task forces to conduct inspections in those labor-intensive enterprises to make sure they have paid their migrant workers in a timely and fair manner. Construction commissions in almost all provinces have published hotlines for farmer-turned-construction workers to lodge complaints against their employers for withholding their salaries.________70________ But we need to look for solutions that will work at all times. We need to put in place a mechanism that will effectively prevent employers from holding back salaries to workers. 67-70 CAFDRachel Hugens met her husband, Patrick, while bicycle touring. The Hugenses, who live in Boise, when not on their bikes, recently went on their latest round-the-world adventure. They visited 36 countries on a tour, touching Europe, Africa, Asia and South America.“Traveling by bike is the ultimate freedom,” Rachel said via email. “On a bike, you become part of the scenery. The landscape is not framed by a window. ________67________”A growing communityDennis Swift, secretary of the Southwest Idaho Mountain Biking Association, rode across the U.S last year–from Seattle to Salem, Massachusetts. Six people started the tour and three finished, riding 52 out of 56 days. They averaged about 60 miles per riding day.“We took quite a few pictures; we didn’t keep our head down the whole way,” Swift said. “We got to meet different people. It’s the people that are probably most important.” Swift also rode through the Basque Country with a group of Boise cyclists last year. He’s planning to participate in a Virginia bike tour this year.“When you get older, your health is the number one priority.” he said, “________68________ ”Seeing the places in between“Traveling by bicycle forces you to visit the places in between that many backpackers traveling by bus would pass by,”Patrick said. “________69________” The challenges, beyond the obvious mental and physical energy required, include navigating visa requirements, food choices, language barriers, poor riding surfaces and boxing bikes for air travel, Rachel said.Financial flexibility to travelThis is the third time that the couple has quit their jobs to tour. Rachel is a registered nurse; Patrick is an architect. Both regained their former jobs when they returned home in 2000 and 2007. They’re uncertain what will happen this time.They’ve given themselves financial flexibility by paying off their home, commuting to work by bike and avoiding some of the bills that are important parts for most (cell phones, cable TV). They travel with a $50 daily budget.“________70________ ” Rachel said. “We’ve met some cyclists traveling long term on a $10 daily budget. They can travel as long as their money lasts, so they’re motivated to spend wisely.” 67-70 BDFEmaster.________67________ Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefully researched and developed over a sustained period of time.________68________ But the joy of reading and sharing with others, one’s succinctly composed piece of argument, is incomparable.Before beginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions – Why am I writing? What is it that I intend to share with others? What purpose will my writing serve? Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I am going to write? ________69________ Because academic writing is a serious activity – it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers who wish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing.The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of – Introduction (which should be around ten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion (again, ten per cent of the essay). ________70________ The body should include cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion shouldre-state the argument and offer a substantial ending to the piece. 67=70 CFDBWe all know that friends are special people who we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return. But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.According to research recently published in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, the key is to use "we-talk".Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5, 000participants.________67________The word "we" moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us moreinterdependent."________68________ Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them." Robbins told Science Daily.________69________ The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship-centered behaviors and positive perceptions of the partner--especially important in times of stress and disagreement.Contrary to "we-talk", there is "I-talk", which refers to the frequent use of the first-person singular pronouns, such as "I", "me" and "mine", when writing or speaking. Earlier this year, researcher analyzed a set of data that came from 4,7000 people in Germany and the US.________70________ As you can see from the two studies, too much "I-talk" can make you feel。
上海高三一模汇编(英语)六选四2021
2021 一模真题汇编上海一、2020-2021 学年高三英语一模卷汇编7. 六选四Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.One【宝山一模】A. Last. fm allows users to listen to music for free, as well as buy tracks.B. The website Last.fm is a convenient and useful resource for music lovers.C. There are plenty of websites that allow music lovers to stay in touch with the news relatingto their hobby.D. If you want to use Last.fm for communication, you might find that traditional social networks are more suitable for this purposeE. This website is of great benefit for music enthusiasts.F. This technology is convenient and definitely helpful for music lovers.A Useful Tool for Music LoversWith the development and expansion of the Internet, many hobbies and interests of modern people have gained a new dimension. The Internet allows enthusiasts to unite to share their excitement about trends, to communicate and share experiences. Specialized websites provide users with even more information about their subjects of interest and help discover new boundaries of their passions. This refers to movies, arts, modeling, programming, literature, and music as well. One can hardly find a person who would not be listening to music on the way to work, at home, or elsewhere. (67)___________________.One such website is Last.fm: a mix of a social network and an Internet-radio that tracks down the music its users listen to. (68) ___________________. Besides, it has a number of advantages compared to other sources providing similar services. The design of Last.fm gives a welcoming impression, though some might find it too simple. The site is displayed in red tones, with the possibility of switching it to a black skin and, despite the quantity of information, is easy to understand and navigate. Users can also decorate their profiles with pictures of themselves, all kinds of badges, diagrams, tag clouds, and statistics relating to music.The availability of multiple functions also speaks in favor of Last.fm. One of its significant advantages over many other musical websites is the function of scrobbling (歌曲记录), which meanstracking down the music one had been listening to. (69) ___________________. With its aid, Last.fm searches for people with similar musical preferences and shows one a list of those whose interests match to some extent. These people are called neighbors and the idea is that they can get familiar with the fans of their favorite kind of music and, most likely, make new friends. The information about upcoming events nearby, as well as recommendations given about new music that a user might like are also gathered and introduced by the means of scrobbling. If a person listens to one or two bands on a consistent basis, the website will display a few new artists that play in a similar genre, including new ones, so that a user can be in touch with the latest trends within their musical interests.(70)___________________. However, there is a serious drawback connected to it. The fact is that the majority of free tracks and albums are available only to citizens of the USA, Germany, and Great Britain, while in other countries, users can only listen to short introductory samples. And yet those lucky ones from the places mentioned before can listen to one track online up to five times a day. Besides, the website had recently changed its policy towards monetization and reduced the number of free services. Last.fm also works as a kind of musical Wikipedia, providing users with biographies of bands, or actual musicians. There is hardly a need to mention that musicians can also benefit from using the resource, presenting information about themselves and involving fans.Two【黄浦一模】Adolescents Worldwide Not Sufficiently Physically ActiveNew WHO-led study says majority of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently physically active, putting their current and future health at risk. (67) ___________________ "Urgent policy action to increase physical activity is needed now, particularly to promote and keep up girls' participation in physical activity," says study author Dr Regina Gut-hold, WHO.The health benefits of a physically active lifestyle during adolescence include improved heart and lungs fitness, bone health and positive effects on weight. There is also growing evidence that physical activity has a positive impact on cognitive development and socializing. (68) ___________________ To achieve these benefits, the WHO recommends for adolescents to do moderate or vigorous physical activity for an hour or more each day. The authors estimated 80 percent of teems do not meet this recommendation by analysing data collected through school-based surveys on physical activity levels.(69)___________________ Urgent scaling up is needed of known effective policies and programmes to increase physical activity in adolescents. Multisectoral action is needed to offer opportunities for young people to be active, involving education, urban planning, road safety and others. The highest levels of society, including national, city and local leaders, should promote the importance of physical activity for the health and well-being of all people, including adolescents.(70)___________________ Strong political will and action can address the fact that four in every five adolescents do not experience the enjoyment and social, physical, and mental health benefits of regular physical activity. Policy makers and stakeholders should be encouraged to act now for the health of this and future young generations.Three【崇明一模】A. But these beasts are mainly made of plastic tubes.B. Jansen’s designs also work with heavier structures.C. Kinetic (运动的) art isn’t just about making large sculptures move.D. His “Strandbeests” walk along the coastline of Holland, feeding on wind and fleeing from water.E. These moving sculptures aren’t that common, especially since it takes a lot of time to plan and build them.F. His hope is that one day he will create groups of beasts that can “live” on the beaches and survive without human interaction.Sculpture with a Life of Its OwnThere is a new type of animal that has beenwalking along the beaches since the 1990s. They arecalled Strandbeest, which is Dutch for beach beast.67They are creations of Dutch artist TheoJansen, and they can move themselves using nothingmore than the power of the wind. Jansen has evencreated a way for his beasts to “eat” the air, and store its power by pressurizing bottles. This stored power also allows the sculptures to detect when they have entered the water and change their direction. He has even devised a method for them to stop themselves in the sand if a storm is approaching!The beauty of these creations is that they have no electronic parts, yet they have a basic logic system that helps them walk in their habitat. Jansen’s creations look alive as they move with a steady, evenmotion on the hard sand. Every year, he improves his designs.68Jansen’s kinetic sculptures use an innovative design to transform simple motions into amazing works of art. The Strandbeests have a mechanical linkage that creates a walking motion using triangles (三角形物体). The sculptures are large but have a delicate appearance. The fascinating combinations of thin tubes and fine fin-like (像鳍一样的) sails moving in the breeze create a striking image. One could easily believe they are some sort of strange lifeform walking along the beach.69He created a beast, named Animaris Rhinoceros Lignatus, which was made out of wood and weighed 250 kilograms.70There are many artists that use motion to create spectacular visual effects. Some are large pieces, but many can sit on a desk or hang on a wall. However, they all have one thing in common: you can’t appreciate their artistry until you see them move. Jansen also sells mini versions of some of his beasts. They come in boxes that you can assemble without any special tools. You, too, can try your hand at creating kinetic art!Four【徐汇一模】If you want to make sure that you understand this story as fully as possible, you might consider printing the article and reading it on paper. That is one of the findings of a recent study of research done on the differences between paper and screen reading.Virginia Clinton, a professor of Education, Health and Behavior at the University of North Dakota, carried out the research examination. She found what she called a “small but significant” difference in reading text from screen versus paper.Clinton’s examination found that reading from paper generally led to better understanding and improved a person’s performance on tests connected to the reading material. And, she found no major differences in reading speed between the two. (67) __________________Such differences were notable only when the reading materials were expositive texts-- or explanatory and based on fact. Clinton said she found no major difference when it came to narrative, fictional texts.Clinton also found that paper readers usually have a higher recognition of how well they have understood a text than screen readers. This skill is called metacognition. (68) __________________“Metacognition” simply means thinking about one’s own thinking.Clinton and other researchers have found screen readers often believe they understand a text better than they really do. And, they are more likely than paper readers to overestimate how well they would do on a test of the materials they have read.She said, “We think that we’re reading the story or the book better than we actually are. We think we understand what we are reading better than how we are actually reading.”Yet, this inflated sense of understanding, or overconfidence, is especially common among screen readers.There are many possible reasons for such findings. Overconfidence of screen readers, for example, could be the result of a distracted, less focused mind. (69) __________________ Research shows the majority of people -- of all ages -- prefer reading from paper. But, if someone prefers screen reading to paper reading, that person’s understanding of the material is not likely to suffer.Clinton said, “If you are enjoying the reading process, you’re going to be more involved. You’re going to be paying better attention. Preferences are a key issue here.”(70)__________________ “If you are reading from paper, your mind thinks, ‘This is something important. I need to pay attention to it’.” Clinton said.Although her findings may support paper reading over screen reading, Clinton says she does not believe screen reading should be avoided.Instead, she points to new and developing tools that can be used to improve a screen reader’s understanding and focus.Five【虹口一模】What Is Nonverbal Communication?Nonverbal communication is the process of sending and receiving messages without using words, either spoken or written. Similar to the way that italicizing (斜体) emphasizes written language, nonverbalbehavior may emphasize parts of a verbal message.(67)__________________ For instance, in “The Advancement of Learning” (1605), Francis Bacon observed that “the features of the body do reveal the tendency and inclination of the mind in general, but the motions of the facial expressions and parts do not only so, but do further reveal the present humour and state of the mind and will.”Psychologists Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen (1969), in discussing the interdependence that exists between nonverbal and verbal messages, identified six important ways that nonverbal communication directly affects our verbal messages. First, we can use nonverbal signals to emphasize our words. (68)__________________ Second, our nonverbal behavior can repeat what we say. We can say yes to someone while nodding our head. Third, nonv erbal signals can substitute for words. Often, there isn’t much need to put things in words. A simple gesture is enough. Fourth, we can use nonverbal signals to regulate speech. (69) __________________ Fifth, nonverbal messages sometimes contradict (与…矛盾)what we say. A friend tells us she had a great time at the beach, but we’re not sure because her voice is flat and her face lacks emotion. (70) __________________ Being upset could mean we feel angry, depressed, disappointed, or just a bit on edge. Nonverbal signals can help to make clear the words we use and reveal the true nature of our feelings.Six【闵行一模】A. By definition, perfection is the state of mind which drives us to move forwards.B. However, if we can’t relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism.C. To some extent, your answers to these questions reveal your personalities as well as your attitude towards life.D. We often display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty.E. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.F. Understanding what drives perfection is the first step toward releasing this self-created obstacle that keeps us stuck.Are You a Prisoner of Perfection?Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach? Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize? Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can’t achieve the unachievable?67Shame and fear are often the hidden drives of perfection. We believe that if we fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respect and approval.For the majority of us, the addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect.68We fear that showing shortcomings will expose us to the accusation that we’re weak. We stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to be better. There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way.69We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too seriously. Sadly, the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves are taken away from us.A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings. We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. 70 Being human, perfection is impossible. By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid of the shame that drives perfectionism.Seven【普陀一模】A. Don’t get discouraged.B. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question again and again.C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one or borrow one from others.D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task.E. With a question like this, you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.The Art of Man-on-the-Street InterviewsHave you ever observed the busy people of the street? Do they arouse your infinite thinking? The man-on-the-street interview may become a popular word because it is new. The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. (67)___________________ But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” (68) ___________________Hit the streets with confidence. As you approach people, be polite. Say, “Excuse me, I work for a certain well-known TV or radio station, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.(69) ___________________ If someone tells you she is not interested, move on to the next person. Keep in mind that not everyone wants to be interviewed, so don’t get hung up on it.Limit your time. Each interview that you get on the stre et shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. (70) ___________________For the media, the ability to increase ratings and influence may be the only meaning they want. In fact, different people have different views towards the interview. Someone says this should be the product of the fast-food information age.Eight【青浦一模】A.The timing of influenza vaccine production and distribution is unpredictable.B.However, it's a different story when it comes to influenza, commonly known as "the flu".C.People should get a flu vaccine before flu viruses spread in the community.D.The virus essentially "changes its coat" — H1N1, H2N3, and so on, as he told the website Healthline.E.He said it takes about two weeks after vaccination for antibodies to develop in the body andprovide protection against the flu infection.F.So the vaccines are likely to be updated from one season to the next to protect against the viruses.Guard against FluVaccination (接种疫苗) is among the most effective ways to help us prevent diseases. For viruses that don't change too much — the measles virus (麻疹) forexample — getting vaccinated is a once-and-for-all method to prevent you frombecoming infected with the virus. If you had two measles vaccines when you werea child, you will be protected for life.(67)___________________ It generally peaks between December and February. Flu vaccines cannot protect us in the long run. There is no permanent immunity, according to Theodore Strange, associate medical director at Staten Island University Hospital in New York. (68) ___________________ Apart from a person's immune protection from flu vaccination declining over time, flu viruses are also constantly changing. (69) ___________________ To develop effective flu vaccines, over 100 national influenza( 流感) centers around the world conduct year-round observation for influenza. Researchers will test thousands of influenza virus samples from patients, according to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The World Health Organization also suggests three or four influenza viruses that are most likely to spread among people during the upcoming flu season.But even when a vaccine is developed, getting it can prove to be difficult, as demand tends to exceed supply. (70) ___________________ The availability of the flu vaccine supply does not always coincide with peak demand.So, scientists prioritize access to the vaccination. The CDC recommends key populations, such as medical staff, teachers, students, children and those aged 60 and above, receive flu vaccines.Nine【长宁一模】A. The arguments among her New Zealand-based suppliers about the use of live animals became heated.B. They can respond to questions, swim happily in tanks and are not harmed by close contact withvisitors.C. He added that the robots did not cost anything to keep and didn’t need temperature-controlled water.D. A robotic bottlenose dolphin cost four times more than normal dolphins but would last much longer.E. In nature, dolphins live in close family groups, but in captivity, they’re forced to interact with strangers.F. He believed it’s time to change marine parks to be more humane and to make more money at the same time.Entrepreneurs in New Zealand are working with American designers to develop robotic dolphins that look almost exactly the same as real dolphins.67 A robotic dolphin can nod an answer to a child. It might not sound attractive or may even sound worrying, but as marine parks around the world are under pressure to stop using real whales and dolphins, the creatures are an attractive alternative, their creators say.“Marine parks have been making less money for more than ten years because many people think the parks are cruel and because of the cost of live animals, but people still really want to learn about and experience these animals,” said Roger Holzberg, a Californian designer of the life-size robot bottlenose dolphins.68“We have to persuade marine park owners that these dolphins can make them money, even more money than live animals,” Holzberg said.69On average, bottlenose dolphins live for less than 20 years in captivity but 30 to 50 years in the wild.Melanie Langlotz, one of the entrepreneurs behind the project, has a background in reality games. “It became clear that any large aquarium, in order to compete with any other aquarium, would need to have all the big animals on display, such as dolphins and sharks,” she said. “The bigger, the better.” 70Finally, the group decided to use robotic animals instead of live ones. The sample robotic dolphin, Langlotz said, weighs more than 270kg. A test audience was unable to guess the dolphin was not real, she added. Animal rights supporters also welcomed the change, hoping robotic dolphins would replace real ones in marine parks worldwide.Ten【金山一模】mental to-do list.How to Leave Work at WorkSome jobs have very clear lines between when you’re “on” and when you’re “off,” while in others the lines are vague — or potentially nonexistent. (67) ____________As a time management coach, I’ve found these three steps can help. I encourage you to challenge yourself to gradually implement these changes and see how much you can leave your work at work—both physically and mentally—in 2020.Step 1: Define “After Hours”If you have a traditional 9-to-5 job, your hours are set for you. (68) ___________ If your employer has a certain number of hours that you’re expected to work each week, start by seeing how to fit those hours around your fixed personal commitments, like taking your kids to school or extracurricular activities. When do you need to start and stop to put in the proper work time?Step 2: Have Mental ClarityNext, make sure you have mental clarity on what needs to get done and when you will complete it. This includes having a place where you write down the many tasks that you need to do, whether that’s in a notebook, a task management app, a project management system, or in your calendar. (69)____________ Then once you have this list, plan out your work. This planning reduce anxiety that something will fall through the cracks or that you’ll miss a deadline. The final part of increasing your mental clarity is to have an end-of-workday wrap-up.Step 3: Get Work Done at WorkIt may seem crazy to say this, but I want to encourage you to give yourself permission to do work at work. For many, they perceive “real work” as something they reserve for post-5 or 6 pm, after everyone else has left the office or after they’ve tucked their kids in bed for the night. (70) __________ But if youwant to stop feeling distracted by work after hours, you need to actually do your work during the day.As individuals, we need a mental break to do our best work, and taking time for ourselves without the distraction of work can help us become our best selves. I can’t guarantee that thoughts about work will never cross your mind, but with these four steps, you can reduce how much you’re distracted by work after hours.Eleven【奉贤一模】How to Make a Good Cup of TeaIn his essay, A Nice Cup of Tea, George Orwell laid out 11 basic principles to make a good cup of tea, from warming the pot beforehand to stirring the leaves before pouring. He insisted that “the water should be actually boiling at the moment of impact, which means that one should keep it on the flame while one pours”.(67)___________________ “Some people add that one should only use water that has been freshly brought to the boil, but I have never noticed that it makes any difference,” he went on to state. H owever, on that point at least, it seems he was wrong. William Gorman, one of Britain’s leadingtea experts, has now put forward that the water used for making a cup of tea should never be boiled more than once. “Usually when people’s tea goes cold, they reboil the kettle and make another cup. (68) ___________________ You need freshly drawn water for a good cup because reboiling it takes all the oxygen and nitrogen out of it, ruining its layered flavor.”Besides, Mr. Gorman advocates another practice of making tea, one that Orwell would surely have protested. Mr. Gorman said, “(69) ___________________ When you microwave tea, all you’re doing is just moving the molecules around and getting it back up to a decent temperature. It is not impacting the flavo r at all.”(70)___________________ In some countries, teapots are fitted with little dangling baskets under the spout, to catch the stray leaves, which are supposed to be harmful. Actually, one can swallow tea-leaves in considerable quantities without ill effect, and if the tea is not loose in the pot, it never infuses properly. They agree by doing this, you actually risk losing a good cup of tea.Twelve【嘉定一模】The Most Important Video Game Ever MadeTime Magazine recently tasked its editorial staff with ranking the 50 greatest video games of all time. The number one spot was taken not by Super Mario, Zelda, or any other worthwhile competitors, but by the oldest and most basic game, Tetris. (67) ___________________ It lives on in tablets, laptops, smartphones, and game consoles (操纵板).Why is Tetris the game we can’t stop playing? Before Tetris,video games were distractions for teens, personified by SuperMario Bros. Tetris was different. It didn’t r ely on the imitation ofany cartoon characters. (68) ___________________The game was purely abstract, geometry (几何图案) in realtime. It wasn’t just a game. It was an uncrackable code puzzle that anyone could play. Your parents played Tetris, your friends played Tetris, and you’ll encounter the same story in nearly every country on Earth.(69)___________________ It has been included in the Applied Design collection at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. It has been adapted as interactive public art projected onto the sides of buildings. And it is the subject of an annual World Championship competition.There are plenty of fascinating classic games. Why do we keep coming back to Tetris year after year? Scientists have discovered that Tetris has a unique effect on the human brain, making it the perfect tool for scientific research. (70) ___________________ It is a term used in both medical and popular literature. It describes the result of repetitive, pattern-based activity that eventually shapes the thoughts and imagination of an individual. This unique effect has been used in studies at Oxford University to treat stress disorder.That’s pretty impressive for a few lines of code written by a lone computer scientist at the Russian Academy of Science in 1984. I have no doubt the first game many of us will download on the new phone will be the latest version of the most important game in history, Tetris.Thirteen【浦东一模】A. She says this may be because shame still surrounds those who seek help from mental-health professionals.B. A mental-health law, passed in 2012, advised against the previously common practice of confining people in psychiatric wards against their will.C. Its members provide psychological support for nearly 30 people who lost loved ones to the virus.D. She worries many people won't seek help though losing loved ones causes lasting mental pain.E. Their efforts have enjoyed backing from the government, which has issued many instructions to guide the mental-health response to the disease.F. These days many Chinese recognize that mental-health problems are common.Late in January Shen Yinjing, a therapist in Shanghai, volunteered to help distressed people in the coronavirus-stricken city of Wuhan by offering counselling over the phone or by text. Before long she。
2020届上海高三英语一模汇编--六选四
2020届长宁金山区高三英语一模试卷A.So we try to push back the tide and keep up by multi-tasking.B.No wonder people say they’re too busy to see friends,exercise or sleep.C.Would it surprise you to hear that we have more leisure time today than ever?D.How can we learn to spend time in a way that’s more likely to lead to happiness and success?E.It’s something that economists have been puzzling over and they’ve identified several reasons.F.Then you will have fewer empty experiences and far more that are worthy of your precious time.The Fullness of TimeMost of us think we have very little time,but the truth is we actually have a lot—on average,five hours49minutes each day,which means we typically have somewhere between36and40hours available to be spent every week however we want.So why don’t we feel time-rich?67One is that we earn more,so time feels more expensive.Then there’s the way we’ve come to see busyness as a status symbol:important people are busy,so we want to be busy,too.Add to that the flood of incoming emails and texts,along with the endless ocean of possibilities,and it’s easy to see where time goes.A second factor is the comparison we make between what we can do and what others are doing,making us anxious. 68This fools us into thinking we’re being more productive with our work time,so we try to do it with our leisure time, too.When we’re playing with our kids,we check Facebook.When we’re hanging out with one group of friends,we post pictures to show another.This is something sociologists call‘polluted time’.We’re also addicted to our devices.In2007,the amount of leisure time we spent on devices like smartphones could be measured in minutes.Now,we spend on average3.5hours a day online.69You might be wondering why you need help deciding how to spend your free time—after all you know the sort of things you enjoy,so what could be so difficult?Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has a surprising opinion on it.“The popular assumption is that no skills are involved in enjoying free time,anybody can do it.Yet the evidence suggests the opposite;free time is more difficult to enjoy than work.”Worryingly,scientists have found that people are often no happier after a holiday than if they’d never taken one.70The question still remains unsettled.宝山区2019学年第一学期期末A.You may find these colorful symbols unavoidable as they’ve become a language of their ownB.People can send emoji instead of writing words to participate in a conversationC.No wonder emoji use is becoming more and more popular in various fieldsD.Today,emoji use is a standard feature in digital communicationE.But not all the people show interest in emoji especially elder onesF.Unlike most words,there isn’t a certain definition for each emojiWhether you’re on social media or sending a text message,you encounter emoji(表情符号)regularly.67. While most people’s enthusiasm for emoji increased in the smartphone era,Japan has been crazy for emoji since1999. Designer Shigetaka Kurita invented emoji for a Japanese phone company20years ago as a way to make it easier to express ideas in a short message.The word emoji can be translated as“picture character”from Japanese.After the release of Kurita’s emoji,rival phone companies in Japan began creating their own emoji.Many emoji on our digital devices today are imported from Kurita’s original set of emoji.Japan’s love for emoji continued well into the2000s before the rest of the world discovered them.Apple Inc.officially introduced an emoji function in their software in2011.Soon,other phone companies from around the world made it easierfor their customers to use emoji.68.As you scroll(滑动)through your phone,you can see the wide selection of available emoji.More than2,000emoji are in existence now,with more being released each year.These numbers show the popularity and demand for emoji.Why?Because words alone can’t convey the complete meaning of a digital message.In digital communication,emoji express a tone or mood.More than90percent of people online use emoji especially ones that show emotion like hearts and smileys.69.For example,they might send a red heart emoji as a response that they really like something instead of writing,“I love that.”Some emoji are also abstract enough for people to use in any way they like.You can send an emoji as an inside joke, which is only understood between you and your friend.70.Nor do they belong to a specific culture.You and I give emoji meaning,because emoji is a language that belongs to all of us.崇明区2020届第一次英语高考模拟考试试卷A.But setting up the aeroponic farm was not easy.B.The government wants to greatly expand this percentage.C.Many of the commercial aeroponic systems are relatively costly.D.Aeroponics,however,does not require traditional farm work or much land.E.Growing with aeroponics is not difficult and its benefits far outweigh any disadvantages.F.It could make a big difference in places where huge amounts of land have been madeunfarmable.虹口区2019学年度第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试A.But legislation(法律)won’t ban all situations in which multitasking is unwise.B.They multitask for efficiency,to fight boredom or to keep up with social media.C.Forty-eight states have banned texting while driving.D.However,texting while biking seems so undemanding as to be harmless.E.They damage driving equivalently as far as external dangers go.F.Instead of multitasking,they take more rest breaks and get a social media fix during a break.Is Multitasking Always Good?Not only do smartphones provide unrestricted access to information,they provide perfect opportunities to multitask. Any activity can be accompanied by music,selfies or social media updates.Of course,some people pick poor times to tweet or text,and lawmakers have stepped in.__67__In Honolulu,it’s illegal to text or even look at your phone while crossing the street,and in the Netherlands they’ve banned texting while biking.__68__You need to self-regulate.Understanding how the brain multitasks and why we find multitasking so appealing will help you realize the danger of pulling out your phone.Multitasking feels like doing two things at the same time,so it seems the danger lies in asking one mental process to do two unrelated things—for texting drivers,watching the screen and the road.Twenty states have instituted bans on driving using a hand-held phone while still allowing hands-free calls.Yet hands-free or hand-held makes no difference.__69__The real problem is the switch of attention between the conversation and the road,and that affects performance.People sense this,and when on the phone they drive slower and increase their following distance,but they are far too confident that these measures reduce risks.This overconfidence extends to other activities.A2015survey showed that a majority of students who use social media,text or watch TV while studying think that they can still comprehend the material they’re studying.People don’t multitask merely because they see no harm in it;they see benefits.__70__Most people will still choose to multitask.But they should,at the very least,be fully aware of how that choice affects them and the potential consequences for themselves and others.They need to pay attention to how much—or how little—they are paying attention.2019学年度嘉定区高三年级第一次质量调研times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans.Food insecurity is defined as not having physical,social and economic access to sufficient,safe,and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa.Yet from the research with urban farmers it’s clear that people do not know of the right to food,and don’t see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice.______68_____While there are frequent protests around access to jobs,education,housing,water and electricity, we rarely,if ever,see protests about access to food.One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works.For example,a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain.______69_____Because the large companies dominate the supply chain,they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small-scale producers,to whom they pay very low prices.______70_____It needs to ensure that marginalized producers,processors and retailers have an opportunity to earn a decent living.At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed.Anyway,at the most basic level,it requires that South Africans know they have a right to food in the first place.黄浦区2019学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试青浦区2019学年第一学期高三英语期终学业质量调研试卷A.Heart failure can by all means be cured by Vitamin D3.B.Changes in heart function were measured by ultrasound.C.In the others,who took placebo,there was no change in cardiac function.D.Participants were asked to take vitamin D3or a placebo tablet for one year.E.Sunscreen will prevent people from absorbing more Vitamin D3to a great extent.F.The finding could make a significant difference to the care of heart failure patients.Vitamin D3Improve Heart FunctionA daily dose of vitamin D3improves heart function in people with heart failure,a five-year University of Leeds research project has found.Dr.Klaus Witte,from the School of Medicine and Consultant Cardiologist at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust,led the study.He said:“This is a significant breakthrough for patients.It is the first evidence that vitamin D3can improve heart function of people with heart muscle weakness–known as heart failure.”__67__Vitamin D3can be boosted by exposure to sunlight,but heart failure patients are often deficient in it even during the summer because older people make less vitamin D3in response to sunlight than younger people.Vitamin D3production in the skin is also reduced by sunscreen.The study,which was funded by the Medical Research Council,involved more than160patients from Leeds who were already being treated for their heart failure using proven treatments including beta—blockers,ACE-inhibitors and pacemakers.__68__Those patients who took vitamin D3experienced an improvement in heart function which was not seen in those who took a placebo.__69__Heart specialists measure heart function by taking an ultrasound scan of the heart and measuring how much blood pumps from the heart with each heartbeat,known as ejection fraction.The ejection fraction of a healthy person is usually between60%and70%.In heart failure patients,the ejection fraction is often significantly impaired—in the patients enrolled into the study the average ejection fraction was26%.In the80patients who took Vitamin D3,the heart’s pumping function improved from26%to34%.__70__This means that for some heart disease patients,taking vitamin D3regularly may lessen the need for them to be fitted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator(ICD),a device which detects dangerous irregular heart rhythms and can shock the heart to restore a normal rhythm.浦东新区2019学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测A.Regrettably,that point has not yet come.B.Elephant numbers started falling.C.The existence of even a small legal market increases the opportunities for illegal trade.D.They point out that they have devoted huge resources to the elephant.E.In the long run technology can help make trade coexist with conservation.F.One animal,as so often in the past,will attract much of the attention:the African elephant.The Ban on Trading Ivory(象牙)is Unfair but NecessaryAs in some countries elephant population have recovered,there are competing proposals about how absolute the ban on elephant trading should be.Countries seeking a modest relaxation have a strong case to make.But it is not strong enough. The ban must stay.Understandably,countries that have done a good job protecting their elephants feel this is unfair.67. __________________And the real burden of all this is borne by poor local people who are in competition with wildlife forresources,and sometimes in conflict with it—elephants can be destructive.People and governments,so the argument goes, need to have an economic stake(利害关系)in the elephants’survival.The ivory trade would give them one.To understand why these reasonable-sounding proposals should be rejected,consider what has happened to elephant numbers since some legal trade was authorised,when Botswana,Namibia and South Africa were allowed in2007to sell a fixed amount of ivory to Japan.68.__________________A survey conducted in2014-15estimated that elephant numbers had fallen by30%across18countries since2007.69.__________________In better-resourced national parks,drones are used to make it easier for park keepers to spot illegal hunters.DNA testing of ivory can identify where they came from,and thus whether they are legal.As prices of the technologies fall and countries get richer,both technologies are likely to spread.The objection to trade in products of endangered species is not moral.When the world is confident that it will boost elephant numbers rather than wipe them out,the ivory trade should be encouraged.70.__________________And until it does,the best hope for the elephant—and even more endangered species,such as rhinos(犀牛)—lies not in easing the ban on trading their products,but in enforcing it better.松江区2019学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷A.There’s no waiting for it and no counting of cash.B.The system is impressively simple and secure.C.Security is nothing to worry about with the procedures.D.Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well.E.However,some people doubt what members of a cashless society will do when the power goes off.F.Privacy security and convenience are all important factors in the adoption of electronic payment technology.When he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank,Barkhad Dahir doesn’t get out of his car.He pushes a few buttons on his cellphone and within seconds he has paid for the fuel.With the same quick pushes on his phone he pays for almost everything he needs.Electronic payments offer consumers convenience,provide profits for banks,credit card companies and payment processors and offer merchants improved cash flow and convenience.“I haven’t seen cash for a long time.Almost every merchant even hawker(小贩)on the street accepts payment by cellphone.67.__________”says Adan Abokora,a democracy activist.Purchases are made by dialing a three-digit number,entering a four-digit PIN and then entering the retailer’s payment number and the amount of money.Both customers and merchants receive text messages to confirm the payment.68. __________For instance,the printing and handling of money is expensive.Cash payments can be anonymous(匿名的)and it is hard to track criminal activities conducted in secret.Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens.The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since2010.69.__________Do they choose to rob?Do they sit at home and wait?What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted?A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to abandon currency.”Other people fear that electronic payments may create security risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported.70. __________New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable people to remove cash.2019学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷A.Creativity is associated with many factors.B.Rather,they should work to expand,grow,and exercise it.C.Without creativity,we are indistinguishable from the masses.D.However,creativity can be acquired at any age.E.It’s hard to work out where exactly creativity comes from.F.Everyone has the capacity to be creative.Essential CreativityIn a recent survey in America,62%of people said that creativity was more important to success in the workplace than they had anticipated it would be when they were in school.(67)_____________It is of course possible to scan people’s brains and see which parts are firing when an idea is created,but rather more romantically it can be thought of as something that cannot be identified.Creativity is what comes to you when you least expect it.You cannot demand creativity from your mind,nor can you demand that you are creative in a particular way.One misconception about creativity is that it is reserved for a few special people.This is not true.(68)_____________ Another misconception is that creativity is all about the arts but this simply isn’t true:creativity extends to maths and science in just the way it does to music and literature.Those who see things differently to others and are confident enough to make their ideas a reality are the ones who make the greatest changes in the world.Consequently,it is incredibly important that schools do not prevent creativity.(69) ________________Students should be taught to ask questions and investigate when things do not make sense.They need to learn to view mistakes as opportunities for learning rather than something that was unsuccessful.It is worrying that many schools are less concerned now with nurturing creativity when this is the most important time in history for it.It used to be that people worked hard,went to university,and got a job.That was it.But now,everyone works hard,goes to university—and there aren’t the jobs out there that guarantee a safe future.(70)________________ We can use it to set ourselves apart,and channel it to face the challenges of the future.杨浦区2019学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研A.Those with a slower pace also scored less well in physical exercises such as hand-grip strength andbiological markers of good health.B.There are already signs in early life of who would become the slowest walkers.C.In fact,based on a new series of experiments,they now believe the slower a person’s tendency to walk,theless able their brain.D.Brain scanning during their final assessment at45showed the slower walkers tended to have lower totalbrain volume and less brain surface area.E.Until now,however,no one knew it could signify underlying brain health so much earlier in life.F.Researchers performed walking speed analysis on hundreds of middle-aged people,comparing theirpsychological results.Slower Walkers Have Slower Minds,Scientists RevealOf all human activities,few are so readily credited with enhancing the power of the mind as going for a good walk. However,those who assume that strolling along at a gentle pace is the symbol of superior intellect should think again, scientists have said.__________67_________Doctors have long used walking speed to gain a quick and reliable understanding of older people’s mental capability, as it is increasingly recognized that pace is associated with not only muscular strength but also the central nervous system. __________68_________The relationship was so obvious,however,that the US scientists now say walking tests could beused to provide an early indication of dementia（痴呆）.Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association,the study revealed an average difference of16IQ points between the slowest and the fastest walkers at the age of45.This reflected both the participants’natural walking speed and the pace they achieved when asked to walk as fast as they could.__________69_________Actually,slower walkers were shown to have“speeded aging”on a19-measure scale devised by researchers,and their lungs,teeth and immune systems tended to be in worse shape than the people who walked faster.The904New Zealand men and women who were tested at45were tracked from the age of three,each undergoing multiple tests over the years.The long-term data collection enabled researchers to establish that kids with lower IQ scores, lower linguistic ability and weaker emotional control tended to have slower walking speeds by middle age.__________70__________.The research team said genetic factors may explain the link between walking speed,brain capacity and physical health or that better brain health might promote physical activity,leading to better walking speed.Some of the differences in health and intellect may be the result of lifestyle choices individuals have made.。
07 六选四-2021年上海市高三英语一模专项汇编
07-2021年上海市高三英语一模真题专项训练之六选四Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.2021黄浦一模Adolescents Worldwide Not Sufficiently Physically Active New WHO-led study says majority of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently physically active,putting their current and future health at risk. ________67________ “Urgent policy action to increase physical activity is needed now, particularly to promote and keep up girls' participation in phy sical activity,” says study author Dr Regina Guthold,WHO.The health benefits of a physically active lifestyle during adolescence include improved heart and lung fitness, bone health and positive effects on weight. There isalso growing evidence that physical activity has positive impact on cognitive development and socializing. ______68_______To achieve these benefits, the WHO recommends for adolescents to do moderate or vigorous physical activity for an hour or more each day. The authors estimated 80 percent of teens do not meet this recommendation analyzing data collected through school-based surveys on physical activity levels.______69______Urgent scaling up is needed of known effective policies and programs to increase physical activity in adolescents Multi-sectoral action is needed to offer opportunities for young people to be active, involving education, urban planning,road safety and others The highest levels of society, including national,city and local leaders, should promote the importance of physical activity for the health and well-being of all people, including adolescents._______70______Strong.political will and action can address the fact that four in every five adolescents do not experience the enjoyment and social,physical,and mental health benefits of regular physical activity. Policy makers and stakeholders should be encouraged to act now for the health of this and future young generations.答案67-70 CADF2021崇明一模plan and build them.F. His hope is that one day he will create groups of beasts that can “live” on the beaches and survive without human interaction.Sculpture with a Life of Its OwnThere is a new type of animal that has beenwalking along the beaches since the 1990s. Theyare called Strandbeest, which is Dutch for beachbeast. _______67_______ They are creationsof Dutch artist Theo Jansen, and they can move themselves using nothing more than the power of the wind. Jansen has even created a way for his beasts to “eat” the air, and store its power by pressurizing bottles. This stored power also allows the sculptures to detect when they have entered the water and change their direction. He has even devised a method for them to stop themselves in the sand if a storm is approaching!The beauty of these creations is that they have no electronic parts, yet they have a basic logic system that helps them walk in their habitat. Jansen’s creations look alive as they move with a steady, even motion on the hard sand. Every year, he improves his designs. ________68________Jansen’s kinetic sculptures use an innovative design to transform simple motions into amazing works of art. The Strandbeests have a mechanical linkage that creates a walking motion using triangles (三角形物体). The sculptures are large but have a delicate appearance. The fascinating combinations of thin tubes and fine fin-like (像鳍一样的) sails moving in the breeze create a striking image. One could easily believe they are some sort of strange lifeform walking along the beach. _______69________ He created a beast, named Animaris Rhinoceros Lignatus, which was made out of wood and weighed 250 kilograms.________70________ There are many artists that use motion to create spectacular visual effects. Some are large pieces, but many can sit on a desk or hang on a wall. However, theyall have one thing in common: you can’t appreciate their artistry until you see them move. Jansen also sells mini versions of some of his beasts. They come in boxes that you can assemble without any special tools. You, too, can try your hand at creating kinetic art!答案67.A 68.F 69. B 70. C2021宝山一模A Useful Tool for Music LoversWith the development and expansion of the Internet, many hobbies and interests of modern people have gained a new dimension. The Internet allows enthusiasts to unite to share their excitement about trends, to communicate and share experiences. Specialized websites provide users with even more information about their subjects of interest and help discover new boundaries of their passions. This refers to movies, arts, modeling, programming, literature, and music as well. One can hardly find a person who would not be listening to music on the way to work, at home, or elsewhere. (67)______________________.One such website is Last.fm: a mix of a social network and an Internet-radio that tracks down the music its users listen to. (68)______________________. Besides, it has a number of advantages compared to other sources providing similar services. The design of Last.fm gives a welcoming impression, though some might find it too simple. The site is displayed in red tones, with the possibility of switching it to a black skin and, despite the quantity ofinformation, is easy to understand and navigate. Users can also decorate their profiles with pictures of themselves, all kinds of badges, diagrams, tag clouds, and statistics relating to music.The availability of multiple functions also speaks in favor of Last.fm. One of its significant advantages over many other musical websites is the function of scrobbling (歌曲记录), which means tracking down the music one had been listening to.(69)______________________. With its aid, Last.fm searches for people with similar musical preferences and shows one a list of those whose interests match to some extent. These people are called neighbors and the idea is that they can get familiar with the fans of their favorite kind of music and, most likely, make new friends. The information about upcoming events nearby, as well as recommendations given about new music that a user might like are also gathered and introduced by the means of scrobbling. If a person listens to one or two bands on a consistent basis, the website will display a few new artists that play in a similar genre, including new ones, so that a user can be in touch with the latest trends within their musical interests.(70)______________________. However, there is a serious drawback connected to it. The fact is that the majority of free tracks and albums are available only to citizens of the USA, Germany, and Great Britain, while in other countries, users can only listen to short introductory samples. And yet those lucky ones from the places mentioned before can listen to one track online up to five times a day. Besides, the website had recently changed its policy towards monetization and reduced the number of free services. Last.fm also works as a kind of musical Wikipedia, providing users with biographies of bands, or actual musicians. There is hardly a need to mention that musicians can also benefit from using the resource, presenting information about themselves and involving fans.答案67-70 CEFA2021徐汇一模If you want to make sure that you understand this story as fully as possible, you might consider printing the article and reading it on paper. That is one of the findings of a recent study of research done on the differences between paper and screen reading.Virginia Clinton, a professor of Education, Health and Behavior at the University of North Dakota, carried out the research examination. She found what she called a “small but significant” difference in reading text from screen versus paper.Clinton’s examination found that reading from paper generally led to better understanding and impr oved a person’s performance on tests connected to the reading material. And, she found no major differences in reading speed between the two. (67) _________________________Such differences were notable only when the reading materials were expositive texts-- or explanatory and based on fact. Clinton said she found no major difference when it came to narrative, fictional texts.Clinton also found that paper readers usually have a higher recognition of how well they have understood a text than screen readers. This skill is called metacognition. (68) ________________ “Metacognition” simply means thinking about one’s own thinking.Clinton and other researchers have found screen readers often believe they understand a text better than they really do. And, they are more likely than paper readers to overestimate how well they would do on a test of the materials they have read.She said, “We think that we’re reading the story or the book better than we actually are. We think we understand what we are reading bett er than how we are actually reading.”Yet, this inflated sense of understanding, or overconfidence, is especially common among screen readers.There are many possible reasons for such findings. Overconfidence of screen readers, for example, could be the result of a distracted, less focused mind. (69) _________________ Research shows the majority of people -- of all ages -- prefer reading from paper. But, if someone prefers screen reading to paper reading, that person’s understanding of the material is not likely to suffer.Clinton said, “If you are enjoying the reading process, you’re going to be more involved. You’re going to be paying better attention. Preferences are a key issue here.”(70) ________________________ “If you are reading from paper, your mind thinks, ‘This is something important. I need to pay attention to it’,” Clinton said.Although her findings may support paper reading over screen reading, Clinton says she does not believe screen reading should be avoided.Instead, she points to new and developing tools that can be used to improve a screen reader’s understanding and focus.答案67-70 CFDA2021青浦一模against the viruses.Guard against FluVaccination (接种疫苗) is among the most effective ways to help us prevent diseases.For viruses that don't change too much —the measles virus(麻疹) for example—getting vaccinated is a once-and-for-all method to prevent you from becoming infected with the virus. If you had two measles vaccines when you were a child, you will be protected for life._____67_____ It generally peaks between December and February. Flu vaccines cannot protect us in the long run. There is no permanent immunity, according to Theodore Strange, associate medical director at Staten Island University Hospital in New York. _____68_____Apart from a person's immune protection from flu vaccination declining over time, flu viruses are also constantly changing. _____69_____ To develop effective flu vaccines, over 100 national influenza(流感) centers around the world conduct year-round observation for influenza. Researchers will test thousands of influenza virus samples from patients, according to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The World Health Organization also suggests three or four influenza viruses that are most likely to spread among people during the upcoming flu season.But even when a vaccine is developed, getting it can prove to be difficult, as demand tends to exceed supply._____70_____ The availability of the flu vaccine supply does not always coincide with peak demand.So,scientists prioritize access to the vaccination. The CDC recommends key populations, such as medical staff, teachers, students, children and those aged 60 and above, receive flu vaccines.答案67-70 BDFA2021普陀一模A. Don’t get discouraged.The Art of Man-on-the-Street InterviewsHave you ever observed the busy people of the street? Do they arouse your infinite thinking? The man-on-the-street interview may become a popular word because it is new. The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. (67) ______________ But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, “Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” (68) ______________ Hit the streets with confidence. As you approach peopl e, be polite. Say, “Excuse me, I work for a certain well-known TV or radio station, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.(69)______________ If someone tells you she is not interested, move on to the next person. Keep in mind that not everyone wants to be interviewed, so don’t get hung up on it. Limit your time. Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. (70) ______________(70)For the media, the ability to increase ratings and influence may be the only meaning they want. In fact, different people have different views towards the interview. Someone says this should be the product of the fast- food information age.答案67-70 D E AF2021虹口一模Nonverbal communication is the process of sending and receiving messages without using words, either spoken or written. Similar to the way that italicizing (斜体) emphasizes written language, nonverbal behavior may emphasize parts of a verbal message.(67) ______ For instance, in “The Advancement of Learning” (1605), Francis Bacon observed that “the features of the body do r eveal the tendency and inclination of the mind in general, but the motions of the facial expressions and parts do not only so, but do further reveal the present humour and state of the mind and will.” Psychologists Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen (1969), in discussing the interdependence that exists between nonverbal and verbal messages, identified six important ways that nonverbal communication directly affects our verbal messages. First, we can use nonverbal signals to emphasize our words. (68) ______ Second, our nonverbal behavior can repeat what we say. We can say yes to someone while nodding our head. Third, nonverbal signals can substitute for words. Often, there isn’t much need to put things in words. A simple gesture is enough. Fourth, we can use nonverbal signals to regulate speech. (69) ______ Fifth, nonverbal messages sometimes contradict (与…矛盾) what we say. A friend tells us she had a great time at the beach, but we’re not sure because her voice is flat and her face lacks emotion. (70) ______ Being upset could mean we feel angry, depressed, disappointed, or just a bit on edge. Nonverbal signals can help to make clear thewords we use and reveal the true nature of our feelings.答案67-70 CDEB2021闵行一模Are You a Prisoner of Perfection?Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach? Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize? Are you setting yourself up for failure and sh ame when you can’t achieve the unachievable? 67____________Shame and fear are often the hidden drives of perfection. We believe that if we fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us w ith criticism and we’ll win respect and approval.For the majority of us, the addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect. 68____________ We fear that showing shortcomings will expose us to the accusation that we’re weak. We stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to be better. There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correctingalong the way. 69____________ We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too serious. Sadly, the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves are taken away from us.A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. 70____________ Being human, perfection is impossible. By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid of the shame that drives perfectionism.答案67.F 68. D 69.B 70. E2021长宁一模A. The arguments among her New Zealand-based suppliers about the use of live animals became heated.B. They can respond to questions, swim happily in tanks and are not harmed by close contact with visitors.C. He added that the robots did not cost anything to keep and didn't need temperature-controlled water.D. A robotic bottle-nose dolphin cost four times more than normal dolphins but would last much longer.E. In nature, dolphins live in close family groups, but in captivity, they're forced to interact with strangers.F. He believed it's time to change marine parks to be more humane and to make more money at the same time.Entrepreneurs in New Zealand are working with America designers to develop robotic dolphins that look almost exactly the same as real dolphins.________67________ A robotic dolphin that can nod an answer to a child. It might not sound attractive or may even sound worrying, but as marine parks around the world are under pressure to stop using real whales and dolphins, the creatures are an attractive alternative, their creators say."Marine parks have been making less money for more ten years because many people think the parks are cruel and because of the cost of live animals, but people still really to learn about and experience these animals," said Roger Holzberg, a California designer of the life-size robot bottle-nose dolphins. ________68________.We have to persuade marine park owners that these dolphins can make them money, even more money than live animals," Holzberg said. ________69________ On average, bottle-nose dolphins live for less than 20 years in captivity but 30 to 50 years in the wild.Melanie Langlotz, one of the entrepreneurs behind the project, has a background in reality games. "It became clear that any large aquarium, in order to compete with any other aquarium, would need to have all the big animals on display, such as dolphins and sharks," she said. "The bigger, the better." ________70________ Finally, the group decided to use robotic animals instead of live ones. The sample robotic dolphin, Langlotz said, weights more than 270kg. A test audience was unable to guess the dolphin was not real, she added. Animal rights supporters also welcomed the change, hoping robotic dolphins would replace real ones in marine parks worldwide.答案67-70 BFCA2021浦东新区一模Late in January Shen Yinjing, a therapist in Shanghai, volunteered to help distressed people in the coronavirus-stricken city of Wuhan by offering counselling over the phone or by text. Before long she was running an online support group for people being treated in one of Wuhan's makeshift hospitals tor covid-19 patients. Now Ms. Shen wonders how she should assist those losing their beloved ones because of the disease. (67)______________ .Ms Shen is among a small army of mental-health professionals who have provided support during the coronavirus outbreak. Hundreds of universities and charities have set up “psychological hotlines” for people suffering from depression. (68)______________ .Such attention reflects a profound change in official and public attitudes. In recent years, the government has begun to stress the importance of mental health in the country's long-term development goals. (69)______________ . The government's “Healthy China 2030” plan，issued in 2016, called for a stronger ^mental-health service system”(70)______________ . Zhiying Ma of the University of Chicago says that young Chinese, in particular, have grown comfortable using terms such as depression and anxiety when talking about their difficulties. A Chinese government-funded survey published in 2019 found that such disorders were becoming more common in China. The study's authors suggested that “rapid social change” was intensifying "psychological pressure and stress".At the same time, mental-health counseling has become more widely available, particularly for those willing to pay for private treatment.答案67-70 DEBF2021松江一模YoldThe year 2020 marks the beginning of the decade of the yold, or the “young old”, as the Japanese call people aged between 65 and 75. By continuing to work and staying socially engaged, the boomers, in their new appearance as the young old, will change the world.The yold are more numerous, healthier and wealthier than previous generations of seniors.(67)________________ Of the 3.7 years of increased life expectancy in rich countries between 2000 and 2015, says the WHO, 3.2 years were enjoyed in good health. Working is one of the factors that are helping people stay healthy longer. A German study found that people who remain at work after the normal retirement age manage to slow the cognitive (认知的) decline. The yold are also better off, while the wealth of all other age groups declined.The yold are challenging the traditional expectations of the retired in many aspects. They won’t wear indoor shoes and look after the grandchildren. (68)________________ They also spend much more, when taking a foreign holiday, than younger adults, so they are vital to the tourism industry. And, because of the importance of pensions, the yold are transforming insurance companies from passive distributors of fixed annuities(年金) to financial service providers for customers who want to manage their pension pots more actively.(69)________________ They find that older workers have, if anything, slightly above-average productivity and that teams of workers from multiple generations are the most productive of all. Societies should be better off because public spending on health and pensions should be lower than expected, as people work longer and need less medical care.Today, some big things will have to change, under pressure from the yold themselves. The most important is public attitudes towards older people and in particular the expectation that 60-somethings ought to quietly retire into the background. (70)________________ The yold will demand that companies become more age-friendly and, in the process, help change attitudes towards aging itself.答案67-70 DBFE2021杨浦一模Managing Time with the Pomodoro TechniqueIn work, as well as in life, doing what needs to be done in order to reach our goals can be difficult. (67)___________ Luckily, one of the most efficient and most popular time management techniques is also one of the world's simplest—the Pomodoro Technique.The Pomodoro Technique was developed by Francesco Cirillo in the late 1980s.(68)___________ Each block is known as a pomodoro, the Italian word for “tomato.” Cirillo named the system after the tomato-shaped kitchen timer that he used to track his work time when he was studying as a university student. He developed a habit of doing short blocks of work followed by resting periods. He realized this method could help him work with timeinstead of struggling against it.In 2006, Cirillo published his Pomodoro Technique manual for people to download free of charge. The Pomodoro technique can be applied in almost all parts of our life. It was built around a handful of important steps. First, choose a task that you’d like to get done.(69) ___________ What matters is that you are ready to give it your full attention.Next, set a timer for 25 minutes. Try to spend the full 25 minutes with your complete attention on the task. Then, when the timer goes off, take a five-minute break. Sit back, have a drink, go for a short walk, or do something else that is not work-related. Once you have completed four of these 30-minute cycles, treat yourself to a longer break that lasts 15 to 30 minutes.(70)___________After trying the Pomodoro Technique, you may want to experiment a little. Some people have found that 90-minute blocks work best, while others might perform better with more flexible periods. It varies from person to person. Just remember, like many things in life, simpler is often better!答案67-70 B D F A2021奉贤一模How to Make a Good Cup of TeaIn his essay, A Nice Cup of Tea, George Orwell laid out 11 basic principles to make a good cup of tea, from warming the pot beforehand to stirring the leaves before pouring. He insiste d that “the water should be actually boiling at the moment of impact, which means that one should keep it on the flame while one pours”._____67_____ “Some people add that one should only use water that has been freshly brought to the boil, but I have neve r noticed that it makes any difference,” he went on to state.However, on that point at least, it seems he was wrong. William Gorman, one of Britain’s leading tea experts, has now put forward that the water used for making a cup of tea should never be boil ed more than once. “Usually when people’s tea goes cold they reboil the kettle and make another cup. _____68_____ You need freshly drawn water for a good cup because reboiling it takes all the oxygen and nitrogen out of it, ruining its layered flavor.”Besides, Mr. Gorman advocates another practice of making tea, one that Orwell would surely have protested. Mr. Gorman said, “_____69_____ When you microwave tea, all you’re doing is just moving the molecules around and getting it back up to a decent temperature. It is not impacting the flavor at all.”_____70_____ In some countries teapots are fitted with little dangling baskets under the spout, to catch the stray leaves, which are supposed to be harmful. Actually one can swallow tea-leaves in considerable quantities without ill effect, and if the tea is not loose in the pot, it never infuses properly. They agree by doing this, you actually risk losing a good cup of tea.答案67-70 CBFD2021金山一模How to Leave Work at WorkSome jobs have very clear lines between when you’re “on” and when you’re “off,” while in others the lines are vague—or potentially nonexistent. (67)_________________ As a time management coach, I’ve found these three steps can help. I encourag e you to challenge yourself to gradually implement these changes and see how much you can leave your work at work—both physically and mentally—in 2020.Step 1: Define “After Hours”If you have a traditional 9-to-5 job, your hours are set for you. (68)_________________ If your employer has a certain number of hours that you’re expected to work each week, start by seeing how to fit those hours around your fixed personal commitments, like taking your kids to school or extracurricular activities. When do you need to start and stop to put in the proper work time?Step 2: Have Mental ClarityNext, make sure you have mental clarity on what needs to get done and when you will complete it. This includes having a place where you write down the many tasks that you need to do, whether that’s in a notebook, a task management app, a project management system, or in your calendar. (69)_________________ Then once you have this list, plan out your work. This planning reduce anxiety that something will fall through the cracks or that you’ll miss a deadline. The final part of increasing your mental clarity is to have an end-of-workday wrap-up.Step 3: Get Work Done at WorkIt may seem crazy to say this, but I want to encourage you to give yourself permission to do work at work. For many, they perceive “real work” as something they reserve for post-5 or 6 pm, after everyone else has left the office or after they’ve tucked their kids in bed for the night. (70)_________________ But if you want to stop feeling distracted by work after hours, you need to actually do your work during the day.As individuals, we need a mental break to do our best work, and taking time for ourselves without the distraction of work can help us become our best selves. I can’t guarantee that。
2019-2020学年上海高三英语二模汇编--六选四
2019--2020学年高三英语一模六选四汇编Two【虹口】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Whether in the East or West, the chief business of traditional education is to pass to the next generation the skills, facts, and standards of moral and social conduct that adults consider to be necessary for the next generation’s material and social success.（67）The students work individually on assignments, and cooperation is discouraged. The result of this emphasis on what instructors do is that students may become passive learners and do not take responsibility for their own learning. Educators call this traditional method “instructor-centered teaching”.In contrast, “learner-centered teaching” occurs when instructors focus on student learning. It is an approach to teaching that is increasingly being encouraged in higher education. （68）These methods include active learning, in which students solve problems, answer questions, formulate questions of their own, discuss, explain, debate, or brainstorm during class; cooperative learning, in which students work in teams on problems and projects under conditions that assure both positive interdependence and individual account ability; and inductive (归纳法) teaching and learning, in which students are first presented with challenges and learn the course material in the context of addressing the challenges.Although learner-centered methods have repeatedly been shown to be superior to the traditional teacher-centered approach to instruction, the best teaching, according to Parker Palmer, the author of The Courage to Teach, is not one or the other, but a combination of both. （69）Learner-centered teachers still need to lecture because teachers are the definitive content experts in the classroom and the knowledge and experiences of teachers can be extremely helpful to students. （70）They must recognize that students can learn from each other and that the deepest learning happens when students have the opportunity to practice and obtain feedback.【答案】67-70 CDFB【解析】67. C. 上一段是在写中西方中的教育中，传统教育的重要性以及地位，67 空格后面是在具体描述传统的教育的模式和特征，所以67空所描述的内容应该是和传统教育有关，关键词traditonal.所以选C。
2023届上海市松江区高三上学期一模英语试题
2023届上海市松江区高三上学期一模英语试题一、短对话1．A．The girl’s teacher.B．The shop assistant.C．The girl’s classmate.D．The calculator repairman.2．A．Excited. B．Exhausted. C．Worried. D．Frightened. 3．A．In an electronics shop. B．In a foreign exchange market.C．In a department store. D．In an old-fashioned print shop.4．A．She has to deal with the task first.B．She wants to put off the urgent task.C．She’ll go for a holiday this weekend.D．She should leave for the emergency room.5．A．A city. B．A friend. C．A university. D．A book.6．A．To have more sleep. B．To prepare breakfast.C．To get up right away. D．To eat breakfast at once.7．A．Because he is in rather poor health.B．Because he has trouble swallowing things.C．Because he was refused by his favorite company.D．Because he couldn’t work out a dream application.8．A．To read the essay out. B．To polish his ideas.C．To work out an outline. D．To order cosmetics.9．A．The vision phone had better be shut off.B．A convenient life can be enjoyed at home.C．People make a smart phone with much ease.D．Robots may replace people in the workplace.10．A．He didn’t behave himself at school.B．He won’t graduate this summer. C．He is too young to run a company. D．He puts his knowledge into use.二、短文听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
上海市浦东新区2020-2022届(三年)高三一模英语试题汇编：六选四(含答案)
上海市浦东新区2020-2022届（三年）高三一模英语试题分类汇编六选四上海市浦东新区2022届高三一模英语试卷Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Gout （痛风）: The Disease of KingsGout, once the disease of geniuses, conquerors and kings, now is affecting the masses. But comes at night, first as a fevered dream, then pain in darkness, the body turned rude animals_____67_____ So strong is the sensitivity of this swollen big toe that the faintest footstep of a sympathetic visitor is a gunshot straight to the nerve. It will not help, at such as moment, to recall that Alexander the Great, Leonardo da Vinci, Isaac Newton reportedly suffered._____68_____ In the words of the 17 th -century French poet, Gout falls onto a poor man and then, horrified by her host's ceaseless labor, did nothing in a building. Surely it's a time of a less enlightened, more hierarchical（等级制的）age. We can laugh at from the safe distance of the present day. But the American critic Susan Sontag warned us against illness as myth. Gout is not a punishment, certainly not an embarrassment and, it is highly curable, if good treatment is followed. And the disease has not been limited to the past. _____69_____ From the 1960s to the 1990s, the number of sufferers doubled in the United States, and that's continued to rise.It is tempting to see gout as an annoying angel and come to punish greed. Mentioning the romantic aspect of tuberculosis（肺结核）in the 19th century, Sontag argued that gout was contrary to tubercular. The gout-ridden were guilty of eating too much, while those dying of tubercular were themselves consumed from the inside. During that period, turning thinner from tubercular was taken as a sign of elegance, with poets considered unreliable if they weighed more than a hundred pounds, and so "it became rude to eat heartily". Sontag also highlighted a strange social phenomenon._____70_____ Great men "grew fat, wrote novels and conquered continents."A. If you are a gout sufferer, you are not alone.B. No one knows what's behind the phenomenon.C. Nor is it any longer exclusive to rich white men.D. The foot is red and swollen, pounding like a heart.E. We might dismiss gout as a ghost from a fable, which it was.F. The tubercular's hollow cheeks were considered desirable look for women.上海市浦东新区2021届高三一模英语试卷in the coronavirus-stricken city of Wuhan by offering counselling over the phone or by text. Before long she was running an online support group for people being treated in one of Wuhan's makeshift hospitals tor covid-19 patients. Now Ms. Shen wonders how she should assist those losing their beloved ones because of the disease. (67)______________ .Ms Shen is among a small army of mental-health professionals who have provided support during the coronavirus outbreak. Hundreds of universities and charities have set up “psychological hotlines” for people suffering from depression. (68)______________ .Such attention reflects a profound change in official and public attitudes. In recent years, the government has begun to stress the importance of mental health in the country's long-term development goals. (69)______________ . The government's “Healthy China 2030” plan，issued in 2016, called for a stronger ^mental-health service system”(70)______________ . Zhiying Ma of the University of Chicago says that young Chinese, in particular, have grown comfortable using terms such as depression and anxiety when talking about their difficulties. A Chinese government-funded survey published in 2019 found that such disorders were becoming more common in China. The study's authors suggested that “rapid social change” was intensifying "psychological press ure and stress".At the same time, mental-health counseling has become more widely available, particularly for those willing to pay for private treatment.上海市浦东新区2020届高三一模英语试卷As in some countries elephant population have recovered, there are competing proposals about how absolute the ban on elephant trading should be. Countries seeking a modest relaxation have a strong case to make. But it is not strong enough. The ban must stay.Understandably, countries that have done a good job protecting their elephants feel this is unfair. 67. __________________ And the real burden of all this is borne by poor local people who are in competition with wildlife for resources, and sometimes in conflict with it — elephants can be destructive. People and governments, so the argument goes, need to have an economic stake (利害关系) in the elephants’ survival. The ivory trade would give them one.To understand why these reasonable-sounding proposals should be rejected, consider what has happened to elephant numbers since some legal trade was authorised, when Botswana, Namibia and South Africa were allowed in 2007 to sell a fixed amount of ivory to Japan. 68. __________________ A survey conducted in 2014-15 estimated that elephant numbers had fallen by 30% across 18 countries since 2007.69. __________________ In better-resourced national parks, drones are used to make it easier for park keepers to spot illegal hunters. DNA testing of ivory can identify where they came from, and thus whether they are legal. As prices of the technologies fall and countries get richer, both technologies are likely to spread.The objection to trade in products of endangered species is not moral. When the world is confident that it will boost elephant numbers rather than wipe them out, the ivory trade should be encouraged. 70. __________________ And until it does, the best hope for the elephant—and even more endangered species, such as rhinos (犀牛) —lies not in easing the ban on trading their products, but in enforcing it better.答案：上海市浦东新区2022届高三一模英语试卷【答案】67. D 68. E 69. C 70. F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。
2023届上海市静安区高三一模英语试卷
2023届上海市静安区高三一模英语试卷一、短对话1．A．The parcel was put somewhere around the street corner.B．She seldom receives parcels.C．The parcel doesn’t belong to her.D．She made a mistake by buying a wrong parcel.2．A．The steakhouse is perfect for everyone.B．The food in the steakhouse is not satisfactory.C．The woman has been to the steakhouse twice.D．The food in the steakhouse is too expensive.3．A．The man has a stomach disease.B．Inappropriate eating habit has made the man uncomfortable.C．The man should eat nothing for dinner.D．The man should have a thorough body check.4．A．She didn’t sleep well this morning.B．Her son didn’t catch the school bus. C．She drives the school bus. D．She is always late for work.5．A．Father and daughter. B．Teacher and headmaster. C．Gardener and employer. D．Waiter and customer.6．A．She can memorize Mr. Cannes’s phone number.B．She barely knows Mr. Cannes.C．Mr. Cannes is beyond reach right now.D．She will try various ways to get touch with Mr. Cannes.7．A．She doesn’t hear the noise.B．The noise is caused by a neighbour’s house decoration.C．They should thank Mr. James for the notification.D．There is a fight on the 11th floor of the building.8．A．Some restaurants don’t request tips.B．The service they’ve got isn’t worth the tip the restaurant requests.C．They have refused to pay the tip.D．The food of the restaurant is expensive.9．A．Their gas bill is roughly steady every month.B．This month’s gas bill hasn’t arrived yet.C．The number on the gas bill is wrong.D．The gas bill will get even higher in winter.10．A．Her necklace is not expensive at all.B．Someone will return the necklace sometime later.C．Calling the police is not a good idea.D．She has given the necklace to the man.二、短文听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
2022届上海市虹口区高三一模英语试题
2022届上海市虹口区高三一模英语试题一、短对话1．A．Colleagues. B．Classmates.C．Mother and son. D．Employer and employee.2．A．She is not feeling very well today.B．She thinks that the weather is pleasant.C．She has been staying up quite late recently.D．She has been working hard for too long a time.3．A．Lucy is not happy with the ban on pet animals.B．Lucy might as well send her dog to her relative.C．Lucy won’t be able to keep a dog in the building.D．Lucy should get rid of her pet as soon as possible.4．A．He is likely to help.B．He has already asked for help.C．He was the last one to use the computer.D．He does not know a lot about computers.5．A．He will continue to work in the garden himself.B．They should finish the work as soon as possible.C．He is tired of doing gardening on weekends.D．They can hire a gardener to do the work.6．A．They will raise the issue in their presentation.B．They will find more relevant information for their work.C．They will make use of whatever information is available.D．They will put more efforts into preparing for the presentation.7．A．He did not take the symptoms of his illness seriously. B．He was not aware of his illness until diagnosed with it. C．He is anxious to find a cure for his high blood pressure. D．He doesn’t think high blood pressure is a problem for him. 8．A．Dr. Johnson may not be a good choice.B．Dr. Johnson’s waiting room is not tidy.C．Dr. Johnson enjoys reading magazines.D．Dr. Johnson is really a good dentist.9．A．It isn’t a good idea to buy the T-shirt.B．The printing on her T-shirt has faded.C．It isn’t in fashion to have a logo on a T-shirt.D．She regrets having bought one of the T-shirts.10．A．He has been bumping along for hours.B．He is trapped in a terrible traffic jam.C．He is involved in a serious accident.D．He has got a sharp pain in the neck.二、短文听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
上海市普陀区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模考试英语试题
上海市普陀区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、短对话1．A．In a library.B．In a study hall.C．In a restaurant.D．In a furniture store2．A．Have a meeting.B．Have a meal.C．Go to work.D．Do some cooking.3．A．$5.B．$7.5.C．$10.D．$15.4．A．Tiring.B．Relaxing.C．Dull D．Worthy.5．A．The woman's boots don't fit her feetB．The woman's pullover matches her boots.C．The woman shouldn't have worn the boots.D．The woman should buy the pullover instead of the boots6．A．Working in a garden B．Searching in a ship.C．Wandering in a street.D．Exploring in a cave.7．A．Discouraged.B．AnnoyedC．Impressed D．Disturbed.8．A．The clothes are made from plants.B．The models are wearing real leather.C．The models are dressed up with pineapple leavesD．The clothes are designed by some biology scientists.9．A．He will adjust his schedule.B．He doesn’t like football lessons.C．He was too busy to take the lessons.D．He finds the football field crowded.10．A．She may get a tax refund for the skirt.B．She is likely to pay the bill by herself.C．She will lose weight to fit into the skirt.D．She may change the skirt for a larger one.二、短文听下面一段独白，回答下面小题。
上海市长宁区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模英语试题
上海市长宁区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、短对话1．A．$10.B．$20.C．$25.D．$50.2．A．Join a walking club.B．Find another lift.C．Take the lift.D．Walk upstairs.3．A．He is sensitive.B．He is rude.C．He is determined.D．He is frank.4．A．Breakfast time.B．Telephone service.C．Room number.D．Business hours.5．A．Buy some food.B．Attend to her father.C．Go to a cafeteria.D．Send her father to hospital.6．A．He is looking for a new job.B．He is unwilling to work.C．He has recently lost his job.D．He is a diligent person.7．A．He has received several offers.B．He regrets turning down the offer. C．He takes business trips frequently.D．He dislikes being away from home. 8．A．They are dissatisfied with it now.B．They are delighted at its French food.C．They are glad to see its new manager.D．They are unhappy with the prices of its food.9．A．They were not part of the campus.B．They are surrounded by trees. C．They were rebuilt in the 1500s.D．They have a long history.10．A．The man should be working on his project.B．The man needs to relax at the weekend.C．She is worried about her project.D．She is uninterested in surfing.二、短文听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
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2018--2019学年高三英语一模六选四汇编One【虹口区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Self-Care Strategies for College StudentsMost college students don’t put self-care at the top of their to do lists. When you’re caught up in the whirlwind(旋风) of classes, extra-curricular, wor k, friendships, and final exams, it’s easy to ignore a task that doesn’t come with a deadline (even if that task is simply “taking care of yourself”). Embrace the excitement and intensity of college life, but remember that maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health is essential to your success and well-being. (67)_________ Instead, take time out to take care of yourself with some of these self-care strategies.Get Away for some Alone Time. If you live with roommates, privacy can be hard to come by, so make it your mission to find a peaceful place on campus to call your own. (68)_________.Take a Mindful Walk Around Campus.When you’re strolling to class, try this mindfulness exercise to center yourself and destress. (69)__________ Feel free to people-watch, but pay attention to sensory details too, like the smell of a nearby barbecue or the sensation of pavement under your shoes. Take note of at least five beautiful or intriguing things you notice along your route. You might find yourself feeling a little calmer by the time you reach your destination.Stage a Sleep Intervention.How much sleep do you really get each night? (70)__________ By doing that, you’ll begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits. Don’t buy into the myth that the less you’re sleeping, the harder you’re working. Your mind and body need consistent sleep to operate at optimum levels--you simply can’t do your best work without it.Download a New Podcast. Take a break from the books, grab your headphones, and listen to some immersive mysteries, compelling interviews, or laugh-out-loud comedy. There are thousands of podcasts covering almost every subject imaginable, so you’re sure to find something that interests you.【答案】67 D, 68 E, 69 A, 70 C【解析】67. 后面一句instead暗示该空要填和take time out to take care of yourself相反的意思的句子，D选项里有个don’t符合句意。
68. 前文暗示需要一个peaceful place，在谈论地点，E选项中的comfortable corner in the library 和empty classroom符合句意。
69. 本段小标题是walk around campus，A选项符合。
70. 后面一句By doing that, you’l l begin the process of repaying your sleep debt and establishing healthy new sleep habits可知该空跟睡眠有关，C和F都提到了睡眠，但只有C是个做法，能和后文by doing that相对应。
Two【黄浦区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Nowhere to Hide: What Machines Can Tell From Your FaceThe human face is a remarkable piece of work. 67 . So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.68 .In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. App le’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreenSet against human skills, such applications might seem enhancive. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities. 69 .Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one dayto bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.70 .Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone’s face. Relationships might beco me more reasonable, but also transactional.【答案】67.F 68.D 69.A 70.E【分析】63.后文提到So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals可知67空应填与面部特征相关的内容，故F符合64.后文当中提到facial recognition在各个国家的用途，可知科技现在赶上了人的识别人脸的能力，故D符合65.上下文意思讲的基本相反，可知出现了转折，故A符合66.根据上下文意思另外排除法可知E为正确答案Three【浦东新区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.We need to do more to help the teachers who are exhausted and stressed.Teaching should not be one of the most stre ssful jobs in the US. But it is. “The only other profession that comes close to us for stress is nursing ----- and we still have the numbers... by a lot. ____67____”“Nobody realizes how horrific working conditions are for teachers throughout the country,”“Brice-Hyde says, an experienced teacher in New York who is part of the national group Badass Teachers Association (BAT).____68____ So they did a national study of teacher working conditions around issues like stress, work-life balance, respect, and more. The results are both surprising---and not. If you've been seeing the stories about teacher walkouts and pay inequality, you probably aren't all that shocked to see these thingslike: 61 percent of educators find work "always" or "often" stressful; 27 percent of educators said they've been threatened or bullied; 86 percent of educators feel disrespected by US Secretary of Education Betsy DeV os.Teachers are stressed out, and turnover is high. No wonder we're seeing more stories about the importance of self-care, classroom burnout, and mental health days for teachers. Yet, self-care doesn't seem to come easily for people, and this is definitely true for teachers. ____69____We think it's time to change that, though. So in honor of World Mental Health Day, we are working to change the dialogue about teacher mental health, Below are some of the top challenges people give for not seeking therapy, or even basic self-care. along with possible solutions and workarounds for each one.We hope you share this article widely, giving support and love to your fellow educators. ____70____ And it's pretty much guaranteed to help you do what you set out to in the first place-be a good teacher. 【答案】67-70 CADF【分析】67.根据前文“we still have the numbers... by a lot”和后文“Nobody realize s how horrific working conditions are for teachers”选C68.根据第三段整段都在讲调查的发现，联系第二段可知是BA T所采取的措施让人们意识到问题的存在，选A69.根据下文“We think it's time to change that, though.”判断应该是对于老师而言需要改变的，选D70.根据下文“And it's pretty much guaranteed to help you”，选FFour【长宁区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Why I stopped worrying about my credit score?If you believed everything you read about your credit score, you'd think it was the most important component of your financial health. Without a good credit score and history, the experts say, it's more difficult qualify for a mortgage(按揭)or a car loan-and more expensive if you're approved for a loan, too, because you won't get the best interest rates. In many states, bad credit can even raise your insurance payments, cost you a rental apartment, or make it harder to get hired. ___67_____First off, there are several credit scores out there. While it's important to cultivate your credit scores by using credit responsibly, your FICO credit score may not be the same as what V antageScore reports, and lenders may use a different one entirely, so focusing on one score can be a fruitless exercise. More important as financial reporter Dave Ramsey notes on his blog, your credit score is not a measure of your overall financial health. He writes:"____68___"FICO, the most popular credit-scoring agency, users several weighted factors to determine your credit score, including payment history (35 percent), amounts owed (30 percent), length of credit history (15 percent), new credit (10 percent), and credit mix (10 percent). 69 My husband and I enjoyed steady credit scores above 820 for a while. But when we paid off one of our rental properties in 2017, we both saw our credit scores fall by 20 or more points. The sudden drop took place because we completed a 15-year loan and reduced the average length of our credit history tremendously. 70 That’s blackmail. I would rather be debt-free than have a perfect credit score.Your credit score is certainly important when you’re starting out and likely to borrow money for a down payment (首付) on a home or some other big purchase. But once you’re fairly established financi ally, it’s much easier to see it for what it really is: a measure of how well you borrow money.【答案】67-70 FCDA【分析】67.前文说信誉不良的一些不好影响，而下文却提到debt-free不等于perfect credit score来看，选F68.说明credit score的作用，选C69.根据后文作者的经历，FICO不希望贷款者比预期更高还完贷款，选D70.同69内容顺应，选AFive【徐汇区】Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The art of academic writing is not easy to master. (67) _____________ Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefully researched anddeveloped over a sustained period of time. (68) _____________ But the joy of reading and sharing with others, one’s succinctly composed piece of argument, is incomparable.Before beginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions – Why am I writing? What is it that I intend to share with others? What purpose will my writing serve? Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I am going to write? (69) ___________ Because academic writing is a serious activity – it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers who wish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing.The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of –Introduction (which should be around ten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion (again, ten per cent of the essay). (70) ___________ The body should include cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion should re-state the argument and offer a substantial ending to the piece.【答案】67 C, 68 F, 69 D, 70 B【解析】文章简述学术写作，如何写作及其结构。