(简单句)英语学习中的六种基本句型结构及一个练习

英语学习中的六种基本句型结构

简单句：如果句中只有一个主谓结构，而且各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，称为简单句。句型1：主谓结构：Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，常见的动词：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。

1) Li Ming works very hard.

2) The little girl cried even harder.

3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.

句型2：主系表结构：Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：

1）表示特征和存在状态的be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound

This kind of food tastes delicious.

2）表示状态延续的remain, stay, keep, continue, stand

3）表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow

Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.

句型3：主谓宾结构：Subject(主语) ＋Verb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语)

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。

1) He took his bag and left.（名词）

2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)

3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）

4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)

句型4：S十V十间接宾语+直接宾语：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)

这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。

此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成；但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。

用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。

用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：

（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等。

（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。

例如：He brought me a pen.=He brought a pen to me.

Mother bought me a book.= Mother bought a book for me

句型5：主谓宾补结构：Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。

1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.（形容词）

2) We made him our monitor.(名词)

3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)

● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。

● 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。

1) The boss made him do the work all day.

2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.

句型6：：There be + 主语+ 其它

这一结构表示“某地有某物”。主语一般位于there be 之后。值得关注的是，当句中有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：

1) There are two girls and a boy running on the playground.

2) There is a boy and two girls running on the playground.

写出下面句子的结构类型：

1.He feels disappointed.

2.I love operas.

3.She always tells me jokes.

4.The children cried and shouted every day.

5.The smiling faces of his children made him happy again.

6.She is quiet and shy.

7.My father bought me a useful dictionary.

8.Mrs. V on Trapp died.

9.She taught the children to sing lively songs and perform short and

funny plays to cheer them up.

10.Y ou may become unhappy sometimes.