(财务管控)经济学人专业词汇
关于财务管理的英文单词
记帐:Bookkeeping Service对帐:Auditing Service联行:Associated Banks Service 或Affiliated Banks Service(我还是不明白这与5有何区别,但Associated和Affiliated不是动词原形,是形容词)代理业务: Agency Service银行卡接柜:Inter-Bank Bankcard Business Service现金审批:Cash Approval Service开销户: Account Opening/Closing Service开户的标牌还可以用:New Account/New Clientbig macs, big/large-cap stock, mega-issue 大盘股offering, list 上市bourse 证交所Shanghai Exchange 上海证交所pension fund 养老基金share 股票valuation 股价underwriter 保险商government bond 政府债券saving account 储蓄账户equity market 股市shareholder 股东delist 摘牌inventory 存货traded company, trading enterprise 上市公司market fundamentalist 市场经济基本规则damage-control machinery 安全顾问efficient market 有效市场opportunistic practice 投机行为entrepreneur 企业家cook the book 做假账regulatory system 监管体系portfolio 投资组合money-market 短期资本市场capital-market 长期资本市场volatility 波动diversification 多元化real estate 房地产option 期权call option 看涨期权put option 看跌期权merger 并购arbitrage 套利Securities and Exchange Commission 〈美〉证券交易委员会dollar standard 美元本位制budget 预算deficit 赤字bad debt 坏账macroeconomic 宏观经济fiscal stimulus 财政刺激a store of value 保值transaction currency 结算货币forward exchange 期货交易intervention currency 干预货币Treasury bond 财政部公债pickup in price 物价上涨Federal Reserve 美联储inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩tighter credit 紧缩信贷monetary policy 货币政策foreign exchange 外汇spot transaction 即期交易forward transaction 远期交易quote 报价常见银行英语词汇account number 帐目编号depositor 存户pay-in slip 存款单a deposit form 存款单a banding machine 自动存取机to deposit 存款deposit receipt 存款收据private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存单deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡principal 本金overdraft, overdraw 透支to endorse 背书endorser 背书人to cash 兑现to honor a cheque 兑付to dishonor a cheque 拒付to suspend payment 止付cheque,check 支票cheque book 支票本crossed cheque 横线支票blank cheque 空白支票rubber cheque 空头支票cheque stub, counterfoil 票根cash cheque 现金支票traveler's cheque 旅行支票cheque for transfer 转帐支票outstanding cheque 未付支票canceled cheque 已付支票forged cheque 伪支票Bandar's note 庄票，银票banker 银行家president 行长savings bank 储蓄银行Chase Bank 大通银行National City Bank of New York 花旗银行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation 汇丰银行Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行Banque de I'IndoChine 东方汇理银行central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行discount bank 贴现银行exchange bank 汇兑银行requesting bank 委托开证银行issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行negotiation bank 议付银行confirming bank 保兑银行paying bank 付款银行associate banker of collection 代收银行consigned banker of collection 委托银行clearing bank 清算银行local bank 本地银行domestic bank 国内银行overseas bank 国外银行unincorporated bank 钱庄branch bank 银行分行trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行trust company 信托公司financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投资公司trust institution 银行的信托部credit department 银行的信用部commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司）neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所credit union 合作银行credit bureau 商业兴信所self-service bank 无人银行land bank 土地银行construction bank 建设银行industrial and commercial bank 工商银行bank of communications 交通银行mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行industrial bank 实业银行home loan bank 家宅贷款银行reserve bank 准备银行chartered bank 特许银行corresponding bank 往来银行merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行investment bank 投资银行import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行joint venture bank 合资银行money shop, native bank 钱庄credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票据交换所public accounting 公共会计business accounting 商业会计cost accounting 成本会计depreciation accounting 折旧会计computerized accounting 电脑化会计general ledger 总帐subsidiary ledger 分户帐cash book 现金出纳帐cash account 现金帐journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐bad debts 坏帐investment 投资surplus 结余idle capital 游资economic cycle 经济周期economic boom 经济繁荣economic recession 经济衰退economic depression 经济萧条economic crisis 经济危机economic recovery 经济复苏inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货收缩devaluation 货币贬值revaluation 货币增值international balance of payment 国际收支favourable balance 顺差adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通货soft currency 软通货international monetary system 国际货币制度the purchasing power of money 货币购买力money in circulation 货币流通量note issue 纸币发行量national budget 国家预算national gross product 国民生产总值public bond 公债stock, share 股票debenture 债券treasury bill 国库券debt chain 债务链direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机discount 贴现discount rate, bank rate 贴现率gold reserve 黄金储备money (financial) market 金融市场stock exchange 股票交易所broker 经纪人commission 佣金bookkeeping 簿记bookkeeper 簿记员an application form 申请单bank statement 对帐单letter of credit 信用证strong room, vault 保险库equitable tax system 等价税则specimen signature 签字式样banking hours, business hours 营业时间(Consumer Price Index) 消费者物价指数business 企业商业业务financial risk 财务风险sole proprietorship 私人业主制企业partnership 合伙制企业limited partner 有限责任合伙人general partner 一般合伙人separation of ownership and control 所有权与经营权分离claim 要求主张要求权management buyout 管理层收购tender offer 要约收购financial standards 财务准则initial public offering 首次公开发行股票private corporation 私募公司未上市公司closely held corporation 控股公司board of directors 董事会executove director 执行董事non- executove director 非执行董事chairperson 主席controller 主计长treasurer 司库revenue 收入profit 利润earnings per share 每股盈余return 回报market share 市场份额social good 社会福利financial distress 财务困境stakeholder theory 利益相关者理论value (wealth) maximization 价值（财富）最大化common stockholder 普通股股东preferred stockholder 优先股股东debt holder 债权人well-being 福利diversity 多样化going concern 持续的agency problem 代理问题free-riding problem 搭便车问题information asymmetry 信息不对称retail investor 散户投资者institutional investor 机构投资者agency relationship 代理关系net present value 净现值creative accounting 创造性会计stock option 股票期权agency cost 代理成本bonding cost 契约成本monitoring costs 监督成本takeover 接管corporate annual reports 公司年报balance sheet 资产负债表income statement 利润表statement of cash flows 现金流量表statement of retained earnings 留存收益表fair market value 公允市场价值marketable securities 油价证券check 支票money order 拨款但、汇款单withdrawal 提款accounts receivable 应收账款credit sale 赊销inventory 存货property,plant,and equipment 土地、厂房与设备depreciation 折旧accumulated depreciation 累计折旧liability 负债current liability 流动负债long-term liability 长期负债accounts payout 应付账款note payout 应付票据accrued espense 应计费用deferred tax 递延税款preferred stock 优先股common stock 普通股book value 账面价值capital surplus 资本盈余accumulated retained earnings 累计留存收益hybrid 混合金融工具treasury stock 库藏股historic cost 历史成本current market value 现行市场价值real estate 房地产outstanding 发行在外的a profit and loss statement 损益表net income 净利润operating income 经营收益earnings per share 每股收益simple capital structure 简单资本结构dilutive 冲减每股收益的basic earnings per share 基本每股收益complex capital structures 复杂的每股收益diluted earnings per share 稀释的每股收益convertible securities 可转换证券warrant 认股权证accrual accounting 应计制会计amortization 摊销accelerated methods 加速折旧法straight-line depreciation 直线折旧法statement of changes in shareholders’equity 股东权益变动表source of cash 现金来源use of cash 现金运用operating cash flows 经营现金流cash flow from operations 经营活动现金流direct method 直接法indirect method 间接法bottom-up approach 倒推法investing cash flows 投资现金流cash flow from investing 投资活动现金流joint venture 合资企业affiliate 分支机构financing cash flows 筹资现金流cash flows from financing 筹资活动现金流time value of money 货币时间价值simple interest 单利debt instrument 债务工具annuity 年金future value 终至present value 现值compound interest 复利compounding 复利计算pricipal 本金mortgage 抵押credit card 信用卡terminal value 终值discounting 折现计算discount rate 折现率opportunity cost 机会成本required rate of return 要求的报酬率cost of capital 资本成本ordinary annuity普通年金annuity due 先付年金financial ratio 财务比率deferred annuity 递延年金restrictive covenants 限制性条款perpetuity 永续年金bond indenture 债券契约face value 面值financial analyst 财务分析师coupon rate 息票利率liquidity ratio 流动性比率nominal interest rate 名义利率current ratio 流动比率effective interest rate 有效利率window dressing 账面粉饰going-concern value 持续经营价值marketable securities 短期证券liquidation value 清算价值quick ratio 速动比率book value 账面价值cash ratio 现金比率marker value 市场价值debt management ratios 债务管理比率intrinsic value 内在价值debt ratio 债务比率mispricing 给……错定价格debt-to-equity ratio 债务与权益比率valuation approach 估价方法equity multiplier 权益乘discounted cash flow valuation 折现现金流量模型long-term ratio 长期比率undervaluation 低估debt-to-total-capital 债务与全部资本比率overvaluation 高估leverage ratios 杠杆比率option-pricing model 期权定价模型interest coverage ratio 利息保障比率contingent claim valuation 或有要求权估价earnings before interest and taxes 息税前利润promissory note 本票cash flow coverage ratio 现金流量保障比率contractual provision 契约条款asset management ratios 资产管理比率par value 票面价值accounts receivable turnover ratio 应收账款周转率maturity value 到期价值inventory turnover ratio 存货周转率coupon 息票利息inventory processing period 存货周转期coupon payment 息票利息支付accounts payable turnover ratio 应付账款周转率coupon interest rate 息票利率cash conversion cycle 现金周转期maturity 到期日asset turnover ratio 资产周转率term to maturity 到期时间profitability ratio 盈利比率call provision赎回条款gross profit margin 毛利润call price 赎回价格operating profit margin 经营利润sinking fund provision 偿债基金条款net profit margin 净利润conversion right 转换权return on asset 资产收益率put provision 卖出条款return on total equity ratio 全部权益报酬率indenture 债务契约return on common equity 普通权益报酬率covenant 条款market-to-book value ratio 市场价值与账面价值比率trustee 托管人market value ratios 市场价值比率protective covenant 保护性条款dividend yield 股利收益率negative covenant 消极条款dividend payout 股利支付率positive covenant 积极条款financial statement财务报表secured deht担保借款profitability 盈利能力unsecured deht信用借款viability 生存能力creditworthiness 信誉solvency 偿付能力collateral 抵押品collateral trust bonds 抵押信托契约debenture 信用债券bond rating 债券评级current yield 现行收益yield to maturity 到期收益率default risk 违约风险interest rate risk 利息率风险authorized shares 授权股outstanding shares 发行股treasury share 库藏股repurchase 回购right to proxy 代理权right to vote 投票权independent auditor 独立审计师straight or majority voting 多数投票制cumulative voting 积累投票制liquidation 清算right to transfer ownership 所有权转移权preemptive right 优先认股权dividend discount model 股利折现模型capital asset pricing model 资本资产定价模型constant growth model 固定增长率模型growth perpetuity 增长年金mortgage bonds 抵押债券。
(财务知识)《经济学人》条常用词汇总结
The Economist 《经济学人》757条常用词汇总结1、绝对优势（Absolute advantage）如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。
2、逆向选择（Adverse choice）在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。
3、选择成本（Alternative cost）如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。
4、需求的弧弹性（Arc elasticity of demand）如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2 和Q2 为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于-（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2）5、非对称的信息（Asymmetric information）在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。
例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。
6、平均成本（Average cost）平均成本是总成本除以产量。
也称为平均总成本。
7、平均固定成本( Average fixed cost）平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。
8、平均产品（Average product）平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。
9、平均可变成本（Average variable cost）平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。
10、投资的β(Beta）β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。
对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。
11、债券收益(Bond yield）债券收益是债券所获得的利率。
12、收支平衡图（Break－even chart）收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。
收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。
13、预算线(Budget line）预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。
财务英文专业术语
财务英文专业术语财务英文专业术语是指在财务管理和会计领域中使用的专业性语言和词汇。
以下是一些常见的财务英文专业术语：1.资产负债表（Balance Sheet）2.利润表（Income Statement）3.现金流量表（Cash Flow Statement）4.所有者权益变动表（Statement of Changes in Equity）5.流动比率（Liquidity Ratio）6.速动比率（Quick Ratio）7.存货周转率（Inventory Turnover Ratio）8.应收账款周转率（Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio）9.固定资产周转率（Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio）10.总资产周转率（Total Asset Turnover Ratio）11.利息保障倍数（Interest Coverage Ratio）12.负债比率（Debt Ratio）13.权益比率（Equity Ratio）14.资本化比率（Capitalization Ratio）15.折旧（Depreciation）16.摊销（Amortization）17.坏账（Bad Debt）18.可变成本（Variable Costs）19.固定成本（Fixed Costs）20.直接成本（Direct Costs）21.间接成本（Indirect Costs）22.总成本（Total Costs）23.利润（Profit）24.经济增加值（Economic Value Added, EVA）25.现值（Present Value, PV）26.净现值（Net Present Value, NPV）27.内含收益率（Internal Rate of Return, IRR）。
(财务知识)经济学人单词
ABS 资产担保证券（Asset Backed Securities 的英文缩写）Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧Acceptor 承兑人；受票人；接受人Accommodation paper 融通票据；担保借据Accounts payable 应付账款Accounts receivable 应收账款Accredited Investors 合资格投资者；受信投资人指符合美国证券交易委员SEC条例，可参与一般美国非公开私募发行的部份机构和高净值个人投资者。
Accredit value 自然增长值Accrediting 本金增值适用于多种工具，指名义本金在工具（如上限合约、上下限合约、掉期和互换期权的期限内连续增长。
Accrual basis 应计制；权责发生制Accrued interest 应计利息ACE 美国商品交易所Acid Test Ratio 酸性测验比率；速动比率Acquisition 收购Across the board 全面一致；全盘的Acting in concert 一致行动；合谋Active assets 活动资产；有收益资产Active capital 活动资本Actual market 现货市场Actual price 现货价Actual useful life 实际可用年期Actuary 精算师；保险统计专家ADB 亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank 的英文缩写)ADR 美国存股证；美国预托收据；美国存托凭证(参见American Depository Receipt 栏目）ADS 美国存托股份(American Depository Share 的英文缩写)Ad valorem 从价；按值Ad valorem stamp duty 从价印花税Adjudicator 审裁员Adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) 调息按揭Admitted value 认可值Advance 垫款Affiliated company 关联公司；联营公司After date 发票后，出票后After-hours dealing 收市后交易After-market 后市[股市] 指某只新发行股票在定价和配置后的交易市场。
经济管理学及财务知识分析词汇
经济管理学及财务知识分析词汇1. 经济管理学词汇1.1 宏观经济学•宏观经济学：研究整体经济运行的学科，包括国家经济增长、通货膨胀、就业等方面的分析。
•GDP（Gross Domestic Product）：国内生产总值，表示一个国家或地区在一定时间内生产的所有最终商品和劳务的总价值。
•通货膨胀（Inflation）：货币的普遍购买力下降，并导致物价普遍上涨的现象。
•国内税收（Domestic Tax）：指一个国家在境内依法向居民和非居民收取的各类税费。
•就业率（Employment Rate）：指劳动力中就业人数与劳动力总人数之比，也称就业人口比例。
1.2 微观经济学•微观经济学：研究个体经济决策和市场行为的学科，包括供求关系、价格决定和市场结构等方面的分析。
•供需关系（Supply and Demand）：指商品或劳务的供给与需求之间的关系，决定了市场上的价格和数量。
•市场竞争（Market Competition）：指多家企业在同一市场中竞争销售商品或提供服务的状态。
•税收政策（Taxation Policy）：指政府对个人和企业征收的各类税费的政策规定和调整。
•市场结构（Market Structure）：指市场上各企业之间的竞争程度和市场份额的分布情况。
1.3 会计学•会计学：研究记录、报告和分析经济活动的学科，包括财务会计和管理会计等方面的内容。
•财务报表（Financial Statements）：公司或组织为了向利益相关者提供财务信息而编制的报表，包括资产负债表、利润表和现金流量表等。
•资产（Assets）：指企业拥有并能够使用的具有经济价值的资源，包括现金、存货、固定资产等。
•负债（Liabilities）：企业所拥有的债务或承诺，包括应付款项、长期借款等。
•财报分析（Financial Analysis）：对财务报表和相关数据进行综合分析，评估企业的财务状况和经营绩效。
2. 财务知识分析词汇2.1 财务管理•财务管理：指企业对财务活动进行规划、组织、指导和控制的过程。
财务管理专业金融词汇
财务管理专业金融词汇财务管理专业是一个涵盖了许多金融方面的学科，学生需要掌握大量的金融术语和概念。
本文将为你介绍一些常见的财务管理专业金融词汇，帮助你更好地理解和运用这些术语。
1. 财务报表财务报表是财务管理中最重要的工具之一，用于记录和揭示企业的财务状况和业绩。
以下是常见的财务报表和相关术语：•资产负债表（Balance Sheet）：反映了企业在特定日期的资产、负债和所有者权益的情况。
•利润表（Income Statement）：也称为损益表，显示企业在一段特定时期内的收入、成本和利润。
•现金流量表（Cash Flow Statement）：展示了企业在一段特定时期内的现金流入和流出情况。
•综合损益表（Statement of Comprehensive Income）：同时包含了净利润和其他综合收益的财务报表。
2. 金融市场金融市场是实现资金流动和交易的场所，是财务管理专业学习的重点之一。
以下是常见的金融市场术语：•股票市场（Stock Market）：买卖股票的交易场所。
•债券市场（Bond Market）：用于购买和出售债券的市场。
•商品市场（Commodity Market）：交易商品和原材料的市场。
•外汇市场（Foreign Exchange Market）：进行不同货币之间兑换的市场。
3. 投资与融资投资和融资是财务管理专业的核心内容，涉及到企业和个人如何选择和利用资金。
以下是与投资和融资相关的金融术语：•股票（Stock）：指一家公司的所有权份额。
•债券（Bond）：表示借款方向债权人发行的一种债务凭证。
•股息（Dividend）：由公司向股东分配的利润的一部分。
•利率（Interest Rate）：资金借贷时支付的利息。
•杠杆（Leverage）：指通过借入资金来进行投资的策略。
4. 风险管理与衍生品风险管理是财务管理中重要的一部分，而衍生品则是实现风险管理的工具之一。
以下是与风险管理和衍生品相关的术语：•风险管理（Risk Management）：通过识别、评估和处理可能的风险来保护企业免受潜在风险的影响。
经济与财务领域英语词汇大全
经济与财务领域英语词汇大全Introduction:The field of economics and finance is vast and diverse, encompassing a wide range of concepts, theories, and terminology. In this comprehensive guide, we present a detailed compilation of English vocabulary related to the economic and financial domains. This resource will prove invaluable to students, professionals, and anyone seeking to enhance their understanding and communication skills in the field.1. Macroeconomics:1.1 Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period.1.2 Inflation: A sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services.1.3 Unemployment Rate: The percentage of the labor force that is jobless and actively seeking employment.1.4 Monetary Policy: The actions taken by a central bank to manage and control the money supply and interest rates to achieve economic goals.1.5 Fiscal Policy: Government decisions on taxing and spending to influence the overall economy.2. Microeconomics:2.1 Supply and Demand: The fundamental economic forces determining the price and quantity of goods and services in the marketplace.2.2 Market Equilibrium: The state in which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied, resulting in a stable price.2.3 Elasticity: The responsiveness of the demand or supply of a good or service to changes in its price or other factors.2.4 Utility: The satisfaction or value derived from consuming a good or service.2.5 Marginal Cost: The additional cost incurred by producing one more unit of a good or service.3. Banking and Finance:3.1 Assets: Economic resources owned by individuals, businesses, or governments, such as cash, investments, properties, and equipment.3.2 Liabilities: Debts or obligations owed by individuals, businesses, or governments, including loans, mortgages, and accounts payable.3.3 Interest Rate: The cost of borrowing money or the return earned on savings or investments, expressed as a percentage.3.4 Credit Rating: An assessment of an individual or organization's creditworthiness, determining the likelihood of repayment of debt.3.5 Stock Market: A marketplace where stocks and other securities are bought and sold, representing ownership in publicly traded companies.4. International Trade:4.1 Balance of Trade: The difference between the value of a country's exports and imports of goods and services.4.2 Tariffs: Taxes imposed on imported goods to protect domestic industries or raise government revenue.4.3 Exchange Rate: The value of one currency expressed in terms of another currency.4.4 Trade Deficit: When a country's imports exceed its exports, resulting in a negative balance of trade.4.5 Free Trade: The unrestricted flow of goods and services between countries without barriers such as tariffs or quotas.Conclusion:This compilation serves as a comprehensive resource for English vocabulary in the field of economics and finance. The provided terms cover various aspects ranging from macroeconomics to microeconomics, banking and finance, and international trade. By familiarizing oneself with these essential terms, individuals can better navigate and communicate within the economic and financial landscape. Continual learning and understanding of these concepts are essential for personal and professional growth in this ever-evolving field.。
(财务管控)TE经济学人常用词汇
（财务管控）TE经济学人常用词汇西方经济学名词解释汇编（1-50）1、绝对优势（Absoluteadvantage）如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。
2、逆向选择（Adversechoice）在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。
3、选择成本（Alternativecost）如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。
4、需求的弧弹性（Arcelasticityofdemand）如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2和Q2为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于-（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2）5、非对称的信息（Asymmetricinformation）在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。
例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。
6、平均成本（Averagecost）平均成本是总成本除以产量。
也称为平均总成本。
7、平均固定成本(Averagefixedcost）平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。
8、平均产品（Averageproduct）平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。
9、平均可变成本（Averagevariablecost）平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。
10、投资的β(Beta）β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。
对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。
11、债券收益(Bondyield）债券收益是债券所获得的利率。
12、收支平衡图（Break－evenchart）收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。
收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。
13、预算线(Budgetline）预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。
财务管理专业英语词汇表
topic 1financial management decision-makingacquirepublicly traded corporationsvice president of finance chief financial officer(CFO) chief executive officer(CEO) pivotalallocatevolatilitybalance sheetcapital budgetingworking capital management hurdle ratecapital structuremix of debt and equitycash dividendstockholderdividend policydividend-payout ratiostock repurchasestock offeringtradeoffcommon stockcurrent assetcurrent liability marketable security inventorytangible fixed assets intangible fixed assets patenttrademarkcreditorstockholders'equity financing mixrisk aversiontopic 2businessfinancial risksole proprietorship partnershiplimited partnershippartnerlimited partnergeneral partnerseparation of ownership and control claimmanagenment buyouttender offerNew York Stork Exchangefinancial standardsinitial public offering(IPO)private corporationclosely held corporationshareholderhoard of directorsexecutive directornon-executive directorchairpersoncontrollertreasurerMaster of Financial ManagementMaster of AccountingMaster of Business Administration(MBA) revenueprofitearnings per sharereturnmarket sharesocial goodfinancial distressstakeholder theoryvalue(wealth)maximizationcommon stockholder or shareholderdebt holderpreferred stockholder or shareholder well-beingdiversifylearning curvegoing concernagency problemfree-riding probleminformation asymmetryretail incestorinstitutional investoragency relationshipprincipal-agent or agency relationship net present value(NPV)creative accountingstock optionagency costbonding costmonitoring coststakeovertopic 3a profit and loss statementaccelerated methodsaccounts payableaccounts receivableaccrrual accountingaccrued expenseaccumulated depreciationaccumulated retained earningsaffiliateamortizationbalance sheetbasic earnings per sharebook valuebottom-up approachcapital surpluscash flow from financingcash flow from investingcash flow from operationscheckcommon stockcomplex capital structureconvertible securitiescorporate annual reportscredit salecurrent liabilitycurrent market valuedeferred taxdepreciationdiluted earnings per sharedilutivedirect methodearnings per shareFinancial Accounting Standards Board(FA financial statementfinancing cash flowsGenerally Accepted Accounting Principlehistorical costhybridincome statementindirect methodInternal Revenue Service(IRS)inventoryinvesting cash flowsjoint ventureliabilitylong-term liabilitymarketable securitiesmoney ordernet incomenote payableoperating cash flowsoperating income(loss)outstandingpreferred stockprofitabilityproperty,plant,and equipment(PPE)real estateSecurities and Exchange Commission(SEC) simple capital structuresolvencysource of cashstatement of cash flowstatement of change in shareholders' eq statement of retained earningsstraight-line depreciationtreasury stockuse of cashviabilitywarrantwithdrawaltopic 4financial ratiorestrictive covenanatsbond indenturefinancial analystliquidity ratiocurrent ratiolast-in ,first-out (LIFO)first-in ,first out (FIFO)window dressingmarketable securitiesquick ratiocash ratiodebt management ratiosdebt ratiodebt-to-equity ratioequity multiplierlong-term debt to total capital ratios leverage ratiosinterest coverage ratioearnings before interest and taxes (EBI cash Flow Coverage Ratioasset management ratiosaccounts receivable turnover ratios inventory turnover ratioinventory processing periodaccounts payable turnover ratiocash conversion cycleasset turnover ratiototal asset turnover ratioprofitability ratiogross profit marginoperating profit marginnet profit marginreturn on asset (ROA)return on total equity ratio (ROE) return on total equity (ROTE)return on common equity (ROCE)DuPont Analysis of ROEoperating profit marginP/E ratiomarket-to-book value ratiodividend yielddividend payoutlong-term ratiodebt-to-total-capitaltopic 5time value of moneysimple interstdebt instrumentannuityfuture value(FV)present value(PV)compound interestcompoundingprincipalmortgagecredit cardteminal valuediscountingdiscount rateopportunity costrequired rate of returncost of capitalordinary annuityannuity duedeferred annuityperpetuityface valueStandard & Poor's Corporation(S&P) Moody's Investors Service,Inc.(Moody's) Fitch Investor Servicescurrent yieldyield to maturity (YTM)default riskinterest rate riskauthorized sharesoutstanding sharestreasury sharerepurchaseright to voteindependent auditorright to proxystraight or majority votingcumulative votingliquidationright to transfer ownershippreemptive rightdividend discount modelcapital asset pricing model(CAPM) constant growth modelgrowth perpetuitytopic 6protfoliodiversifiable riskmarket riskexpected returnvolatilitystand-alone riskrandom variableprobabilityprobability distributionprobability distribution function normality assumptioncoefficientstandard deviationvariancesensitivity analysisscenario analysismean-variance worldnormal distributionefficient market hypothesis（EMH) price takerinvestor rationlityrational behaviorinstitutional investorretail investorallocationally efficient markets operationally efficient markets informationally efficient markets weak formsemi-strong formstrong formanomalyunderpricinginitial public offeringsMonday effectJanuary effectvalue effectpost-earnings announcement drift behavioral financeexpected utility theoryprospect theoryportfolio theorymutual fundmean-variance frontiercovariancecorrelation coefficientNew York Stock Exchange(NYSE) capital asset pricing model(CAPM) beta coefficientcompany-specific factorarbitrage pricing theory(APT)Topic 7 Capital Budgeting capital expenditurecapital budgetfinancial distressbankruptcyexpansion projectreplacement projectindependent projectmutually exclusive projectincremental cash flowssunk costopportunity costoverheadresidual valueside effectnet present value(NPV)profitability index(PI)internal rate of return(IRR)payback period(PP)discounted payback perioddiscounted cash flow(DCF)Fortune 500sensitivity analysisbreak-even analysiasimulationcapital rationingpost-auditTopic 8 Capital Market and Raising Fu financial marketmoney marketcapital markettreasury notesprimary marketsecondary marketoption contractfuture contractrepurchaseinvestment bankMerrill LynchSalomon Smith BarneyMorgan Stanley Dean WitterGoldman Sachscollateralunderwritingunderwritersyndicate of underwritermanipulateprivately held corporationpublicly held companystock offeringgo publicinitial public offering(IPO)seasoned issuespin-offspros and consincentive stock optiondilution of controlautonomyfloatationfloatation costunderpricingunseasoned issuepublic offerprivate placementpro ratarights offerprivileged subscriptionpreemptive rightcash offernegotiate offercost of capitalhurdle raterate of returnfinancing mixconvertible debtvariable-rate debtterm loanleaseweighted average cost of capital(WACC)Topic 9 Capital Structurehybird securityventure capitalistpublicly traded firmowner’s equityventure capitalnewly listed companyinvestment bankeroffering pricevoting rightwarrantunderlying common stockoption-like securitycontingent value rightsput optionoption exchangeput priceresidual claimline of creditbank debtleaseoperating leasecapital leaselessorlesseeconvertible debtconvertible bondconversion ratiomarket conversion valueconversion premiumpreferred stockfinancing mixconvertible preferred stockoptimal capital structuredesired or target capital structure earnings before interest and taxes(EBIT operating incomebusiness riskfinancial riskfinancial leveragefinancial economistModigliani and Miller(M&M)theorem transaction costmarket imperfectionreal assetsperfect capital marketlevered firmunlevered firmtax shieldtradeoff theoryinterest deductionpecking order theoryinternal financingexternal financinggeneral-purpose assetsspecial-purpose assetsoperating leverageMoody’s and Standard & Poor’sfinancial flexibilityreserve borrowing capacityTopic 10share repurchasedividend payout ratiochronologicaldeclaration dateex-dividend daterecord datepayment dateregular dividendliquidating dividendcash dividendsstock dividendsstock split"do-it-yourself"dividendproperty dividenddividend irrelevane theoryintrinsic valuefree cash flow hypothesishomemade dividendsbrokerage feedilution of ownershipresidual dividend policytarget capital structurestable dollar dividend policyconstant dividend payout ratiolow regular plus specially designated d stock price appreciationstock buybacktender offer(=takeover bid)open marketemployee stock option program(ESOP)Topic 11working captical managementmarketable securitynet working capticaljeopardizerelaxed or conservative approach restricted or aggressive approach moderate approachspeculative motiveprecautionary motivetransaction motivecompensating balanceBaumol cash management modelMiller-orr cash management model MarketabilityUS Treasury Billmaturitydufault risktax exempt instrumentcommercial paperrepurchase agreementnegotiable certificates of deposit(CDs) bankers'acceptancedisbursementfloatmail floatprocessing floatclearing time floatlock box systemconcentration bankingslowing disbursementcentralize payableszero balance account(ZBA)accounts receivabletrade creditconsumer creditcredit and collectiong policycredit termcredit perioddiscount perioddiscount rateaging scheduleaverage age of accounts receivablebad debt loss ratiosaturation pointprocrastinationperpetual inventory systemeconomic order quantity(EOQ)just-in-time(JIT)systemmaterial requirement planning (MRP)syst财务管理决策，决策的获得，取得（在财务中有时指购买；名词形式是acquisition，意为收购）公开上市公司，公众公司，上市公司（其他的表达法如，listed corporation，public corporation，etc）财务副总裁首席财务官首席执行官关键的，枢纽的（资源，权利等)配置（名词形式是allocation，如capital allocation，意为资本配置）易变的，不稳定性的（形容词形式是volatility，意为可变的，不稳定的）资产负债表资本预算营运资本管理门坎利率，最低报酬率资本结构负债与股票的组合现金股利股东（也可以用shareholder）股利政策股利支付比率股票回购（也可以用stock buyback）股票发行权衡，折中普通股流动资产流动负债流动性证券，有价证券存货有形固定资产无形固定资产专利商标债权人股东权益融资组合（指负债与所有者权益的比例关系）风险规避企业，商务，业务财务风险（有时也指金融风险）私人业主制企业合伙制企业有限合伙制企业合伙人有限责任合伙人一般合伙人所有权与经营权分离（根据权力提出）要求，要求权，主张，要求而得到的东西管理层收购（美）要约收购（美国称tender offer;英国称takeover bid)纽约股票交易所财务准则首次公开发行股票私募公司，未上市公司控股公司股东（也可以是stockholder)董事会执行董事非执行董事主席（chairmanor chairwoman)会计长司库财务管理专业硕士会计学硕士工商管理硕士收入利润每股盈余回报市场份额社会福利财务困境利益相关者理论价值（财富）最大化普通股股东（也可以是ordinary stockholder or shareholder债权人（也可以是debtor,creditor)优先股股东（英国人用preference stockholder or shareholder)福利多样化学习曲线持续的代理问题搭便车问题信息不对称散户投资者（为自己买卖证券而不是为任何公司或机构进行投资的个人投资者）机构投资者委托-代理关系（代理关系）净现值创造性会计，寻机性会计股票期权代理成本契约成本监督成本接管损益表加速折旧法应付账款应收账款应计制会计应计费用累计折旧累计留存收益分支机构摊销资产负债表基本每股收益账面价值倒推法资本盈余筹资活动现金流投资活动现金流经营活动现金流支票普通股复杂资本结构可转换证券公司年报赊销流动负债现行市场价值递延税款折旧稀释的每股收益（公司股票）冲减每股收益的直接法每股收益（盈余）（美国）会计准则委员会财务报表筹资现金流公认会计原则混合金融工具利润表间接法美国国内税务署存货投资现金流合资企业负债长期负债有价证券拨款单，汇款单，汇票净利润应付票据经营现金流经营收益（损失）（证券等）发行在外的优先股盈利能力土地、厂房与设备房地产（有时也用real property,或者就用property表示）（美国）证券交易委员会简单资本结构偿债能力现金来源现金流量表股东权益变动表留存收益表直线折旧法库存股现金运用生存能力认股权证提款财务比率限制性条款债券契约财务分析师流动性比率流动比率后进先出先进先出账面粉饰（是基金管理人的一种做法，即在季度末售出亏损股票，使其投资组合整个季度的回报率不至于被这些不良资产所拖累）速动比率现金比率债务管理比率债务比率债务与权益比率权益乘数长期债务与全部资本比率杠杠比率利率保障比率息税前盈余现金流量保障比率资产管理比率应收账款周转率存货周转率存活周转期应付账款周转率现金周转期资产周转比率全部资产周转率盈利比率毛利经营利润净利润资产收益率权益报酬率全部权益报酬率普通权益报酬率权益报酬率的杜邦分析体系市场价值比率市盈率市场价值与账面价值的比率股利收益率股利支付率长期比率债务与全部资本比率货币时间价值单利债务工具年金未来值，终值现值复利复利计算本金抵押信用卡终值折现计算折现率机会成本要求的报酬率资本成本普通年金先付年金递延年金永续年金面值标准普尔公司穆迪公司惠誉国际公司现行收益到期收益率违约风险利息率风险授权股发行股库藏股回购投票权独立审计师代理权多数投票制累积投票制清算所有权转移权优先认购权股利折现模型资本资产定价模型固定增长率模型增长年金组合可分散风险市场风险期望收益波动性个别风险随机变量概率概率分布概率分布函数正态假设系数标准离差率方差灵敏度分析情况分析均值-方差世界正态分布有效市场假设价格接受者投资者的理性理性行为机构投资者个人投资者.散户投资者配置有效市场运营有效市场信息有效市场弱势半强式强式异常（人或事物）价格低估首发股票星期一效应一月效应价值效应期后盈余披露行为财务期望效用理论期望理论组合理论共同基金均值-方差有效边界协方差相关系数纽约证券交易市场资本资产定价模型贝塔系数公司特有风险套利定价理论资本支出资本预算财务困境破产扩充项目更新项目独立项目互不相容项目增量现金流量沉没成本机会成本制造费用残余价值附加效应净现值现值指数内部收益率，内含报酬率回收期折现回收期折现现金流财富500指数敏感性分析盈亏平衡点分析模拟资本限额期后审计ng Funds金融市场货币市场资本市场国库券一级市场二级市场期权合约期货合约回购投资银行美林公司所罗门美邦投资公司摩根士丹利-添惠公司高盛公司抵押（股份等的）签名承受；承销，报销承销商承销辛迪加操纵私人控股公司公众控股公司股票发行公开上市适时发行、增发（seasoned是指新股稳定发行。
财务管理专业英语词汇表(很全面)
财务管理专业英语词汇表(很全面)Chapter 1 An Overview of Financial Management business 企业，商业，业务finance 财务，理财management 管理，管理层revenue 收入return 回报shareholder 股东stakeholder 利益相关者stock 股票profit maximization 利润最大化shareholder wealth maximization 股东财富最大化enterprise value maximization 企业价值最大化hedge risks 规避风险inventory 存货current assets 流动资产current liabilities 流动负债financing 筹资corporation 股份公司earning per share（EPS）每股收益exchange rate 汇率inflation 通货膨胀Chapter 3 Risk and Rewardcapital asset pricing model（CAPM）资本资产定价模型diversification 分散化efficient capital market 有效资本市场expected return 期望回报market, systematic, or undiversifiable risk 市场风险、系统风险或不可分散风险portfolio 组合reward 收益，溢酬，溢价risk-aversion 风险厌恶risk-neutrality 风险中性risk preference 风险偏好risk premium 风险溢价security markets line（SML）证券市场线semi-strong capital market efficiency 半强式资本市场有效spread out 分散square root 平方根standard deviation 标准差strong capital market efficiency 强式资本市场有效transaction cost 交易成本unique, firm-specific, idiosyncratic, unsystematic, or diversifiable risk 特殊风险、特有风险、虚假风险、非系统风险或可分散风险variance 方差volatility 波动性weak capital market efficiency 弱式资本市场有效Chapter 4 Financial Assets and Their Valuation asset 资产security 证券issue （股票，钞票）分发，发行coupon rate 票面利率，息面利率annual 每年的，年度的，一年一次的obligate 使（某人）负有责任或义务outstanding 未解决的，未偿付的，杰出的calculate 估计，预测compensation 报酬，工资，补偿物perpetual 永久的，永恒的infinite 无限的，无穷的substitute 替代，取代yield 出产，产，出（果实、利润、结果）approximation 相似，近似trial-and-error 试误法illustrate 说明，阐明entitle 使人有权拥有……liability 负债intrinsic value 内在价值asymmetry 不对称constant 不变的，可靠的phase 阶段，时期preferred stock 优先股Chapter 5 Capital Budgeting and Investment Decision capital budgeting 资本预算estimating net present value 预期净现值the average accounting return 平均会计报酬率stand-alone principle 独立原则the internal rate of return 内部收益率the payback rule 回收期法erosion 侵蚀net working capital 净营运资本opportunity cost 机会成本hard rationing 硬约束soft rationing 软约束sunk cost 沉没成本incremental cash flow 增量现金流量pro forma financial statement 预估财务报表forecasting risk 预测风险scenario analysis 情景分析investment criteria 投资决策标准cash flow 现金流量project cash flow 项目现金流量depreciation 折旧capital spending 资本性支出garbage-in garbage-out system 垃圾进、垃圾出系统best case and worst case 最优情形和最差情形Chapter 6 Working Capital Management working capital 营运资本speculative 投机precautionary 预防的buffer 缓冲器invoice 发票deposit 存款disbursement 支付expenditure 消费trade-off 权衡attorney 代理人applicant 申请人utilization 应用dampen 使沮丧ordering cost 订货成本carrying cost 储存成本raw material 原材料insurance 保险linear 线性的bad-debt 坏账Chapter 7 Financing Mod es debt financing 债务筹资equity financing 权益投资prospectus 招股说明书the general cash offer 普通现金发行the rights offer 配股发行initial public offering(IPO) 首次公开发行underwriting discount 承销折价the subscription price 认购价格collateral 抵押品mortgage securities 抵押债券debenture 信用债券sinking fund 偿债基金call provision 赎回条款call-protected 赎回保护operating leases 经营性租赁financial leases 融资租赁sale and lease-back 售后租回leveraged leases 杠杆租赁warrants 认股权证convertibles 可转换债券call options 看涨期权straight bond value 纯粹债券价值conversion value 转换价值secured loans 抵押贷款committed lines of credit 承诺式信贷额度compensating balances 补偿性余额trust receipt 信托收据Chapter 8 Capital Structure capital structure 资本结构optimal capital structure 最佳资本结构financial leverage 财务杠杆homemade leverage 自制杠杆payoff 回报proceeds 收益financial risk 财务风险interest tax shield 利息税盾direct bankruptcy costs 直接破产成本indirect bankruptcy costs 间接破产成本liquidation 清偿reorganization 重组absolute priority rule 绝对优先原则qualification 限定条件cost of equity 股权成本business risk 经营风险pie model 饼状模型break-even point 收益均衡点indifference point 无差异点Chapter 9 Divid end Distribution dividend irrelevance theory 股利无关理论retained earnings 留存收益capital surplus 资本公积earned surplus 盈余公积legal surplus 法定盈余公积free surplus reserves 任意盈余公积stockholder meeting 股东会declaration date 宣告日holder-of-record date 股权登记日ex-dividend date 除息日stock split 股票分割stock dividend 股票股利stock repurchase 股票回购declaration date 股利宣布日record date 股权登记日regular dividend 正常股利cash dividend 现金股利stock dividend 股票股利stock price appreciation 股价增值open market 公开市场payment date 股利支付日going concern 持续经营。
经济与财务英语词汇大全
经济与财务英语词汇大全一、宏观经济词汇1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)：国内生产总值GDP measures the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a specific period of time.2. Inflation：通货膨胀Inflation refers to the sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services over a period of time. It is often measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI).3. Monetary Policy：货币政策Monetary policy refers to the actions taken by a central bank to influence the availability and cost of money and credit in the economy, usually through changes in interest rates or the money supply.4. Fiscal Policy：财政政策Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and taxation to influence the overall economy. It can be expansionary (increasing spending and/or reducing taxes) or contractionary (reducing spending and/or increasing taxes) depending on the economic conditions.5. Unemployment Rate：失业率Unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking employment.6. Exchange Rate：汇率Exchange rate refers to the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another. It is determined by the foreign exchange market and influenced by factors such as interest rates, inflation, and market sentiment.二、财务管理词汇1. Balance Sheet：资产负债表Balance sheet is a financial statement that shows the company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time.2. Income Statement：利润表Income statement is a financial statement that shows the company's revenues, expenses, and net income or loss over a specific period of time.3. Cash Flow Statement：现金流量表Cash flow statement is a financial statement that shows the changes in a company's cash and cash equivalents over a specific period of time.4. Return on Investment (ROI)：投资回报率ROI measures the profitability of an investment by comparing the gain or loss generated relative to the cost of the investment.5. Earnings per Share (EPS)：每股收益EPS is a financial ratio that indicates the portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock.6. Dividend：股息Dividend refers to the distribution of a portion of a company's profits to its shareholders. It can be paid in the form of cash or additional shares of stock.三、市场与投资词汇1. Stock Market：股票市场Stock market is a market where shares of publicly traded companies are bought and sold.2. Bull Market：牛市Bull market refers to a market with rising prices and investor optimism.3. Bear Market：熊市Bear market refers to a market with falling prices and investor pessimism.4. Portfolio：投资组合Portfolio refers to a collection of investments, such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds, held by an individual or institution.5. Diversification：多元化投资Diversification is a risk management strategy that involves spreading investments across different asset classes and sectors to reduce exposure to any single investment.6. Initial Public Offering (IPO)：首次公开募股IPO refers to the process by which a private company becomes a publicly traded company by offering its shares to the public for the first time.四、国际贸易词汇1. Free Trade：自由贸易Free trade refers to the unrestricted flow of goods and services between countries without tariffs, quotas, or other barriers.2. Import：进口Import refers to the purchase of goods and services from foreign countries for domestic consumption.3. Export：出口Export refers to the sale of goods and services to foreign countries.4. Trade Deficit：贸易逆差Trade deficit occurs when a country's imports exceed its exports, resulting in a negative balance of trade.5. Tariff：关税Tariff is a tax imposed on imported goods and services to protect domestic industries or generate government revenue.6. World Trade Organization (WTO)：世界贸易组织WTO is an international organization that deals with the global rules of trade between nations, aiming to ensure smooth and predictable trade flows.以上是一些经济与财务方面的英语词汇，涵盖了宏观经济、财务管理、市场与投资以及国际贸易等领域。
经济管理及财务知识分析词汇
经济管理及财务知识分析词汇经济管理相关词汇1.市场经济（Market Economy）：一种经济系统，由供求关系决定价格和资源配置，政府对经济活动的干预较少。
2.社会主义市场经济（Socialist Market Economy）：中国特色的经济制度，基于社会主义基本制度，发挥市场在配置资源方面的决定性作用。
3.宏观经济学（Macroeconomics）：研究经济系统整体运行的经济学分支，关注国民经济的总体变化、经济增长、通货膨胀等宏观现象。
4.微观经济学（Microeconomics）：研究个体经济代理人（如家庭、企业等）的行为和决策，以及市场机制的运作等，强调个体效用最大化。
5.经济周期（Economic Cycle）：经济发展的周期性波动，包括繁荣、衰退、萧条和复苏等阶段。
6.边际效应（Marginal Effect）：指在某一决策单位增加或减少一单位的资源或产品时，所引起的最后一单位变动对应的效果或成本。
7.供需关系（Supply and Demand）：市场上供给和需求之间的关系，决定了产品的市场价格及数量。
8.经济增长（Economic Growth）：国民经济总体产出（如国内生产总值（GDP））在一定时期内的增加。
9.毛利润（Gross Profit）：销售收入减去直接成本（如原材料成本）后的余额，用于衡量企业的盈利能力。
10.税负（Tax Burden）：纳税人在一定时期内所负担的各项税费的总和，包括直接税和间接税。
财务知识相关词汇1.会计准则（Accounting Standards）：对企业会计信息采集、处理和报告的规范规定，旨在保证会计信息的真实、准确和可比性。
2.财务报表（Financial Statements）：反映企业财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的报表，包括资产负债表、利润表和现金流量表。
3.资产负债表（Balance Sheet）：反映企业在某一特定日期上的资产、负债和所有者权益的状况。
2019财务管理英语词汇
investment decision 投资决策capital budgeting decision 资本预算决策financing decision 融资决策financial manager 财务经理treasurer 司库controller 总会计师cfo 首席财务官principal-agent problem 委托代理问题principal 委托人agent 代理人agency cost 代理成本information asymmetry 信息不对称signal 信号efficient markets hypothesis 有效市场假说present value 现值discount factor 贴现因子rate of return 收益率discount rate 贴现率hurdle rate 门坎比率opportunity cost of capital 资本机会成本net present value 净现值cash outflow 现金支出net present value rule 净现值法则rate-of-return rule 收益率法则profit maximization 利润最大化doing well 经营盈利doing good 经营造益salomon brothers 所罗门兄弟公司term stucture of interest rate 利率期限结构annuity 年金perpetuity 永久年金annuity factor 年金因子annuity due 即期年金future value 终值conmpound interest 复利simple interest 单利continuously compounded rate 连续复利率consumer price index (cpi) 消费物价指数current dollar 当期货币nominal dollar 名义货币constant dollar 不变货币real dollar 实际货币real rate of return 实际收益率inflation rate 通货膨胀率principal 本金deflation 滞胀yield to maturity 到期收益率market capitalization rate 市场资本化率dividend yield 红利收益率cost of equity capital 权益资本成本payout ratio 红利发放率earnings per share (eps) 每股收益return on equity (roe) 权益收益率discount cash flow 贴现现金流growth stock 成长股income stock 绩优股present value of growth opportunity (pvgo) 成长机会的现值price-earnings ratio (p/e) 市盈率free cash flow (fcf) 自由现金流量book rate of return 账面收益率capital investment 资本投资operating expense 经营费用payback period 回收期discounted-payback rule 贴现回收期法则discounted-cash-flow rate of return 贴现现金流量的收益率internal rate of return (irr) 内部收益率lending 贷出borrowing 借入profitability measure 盈利指标standard of pfofitability 赢利标准modified internal rate of return 修正内部收益率mutually exclusive projects 互相排斥的项目capital rationing 资本约束profitability index 盈利指标soft rationing 软约束hard rationing 硬约束incremental payoff 增量收入net working capital 净营运资本sunk cost 沉没成本sunk-cost fallacy 沉没成本悖论overhead cost 间接费用salvage value 残值straight-line depreciation 直线法折旧internal revenue service 国内税收署tax shield 税盾accelerated cost recover y system 加速成本回收折旧法alternative minimum tax 另类最低税tax preference 税收优惠accelerated depreciation 加速折旧project analysis 项目分析equivalent annual cash flow 等价年度现金流marginal investment 边际投资default risk 违约风险risk premium 风险溢酬standard error 标准误差standard deviation 标准差market portfolio 市场组合market returm (rm) 市场收益率variance 方差the loss of a dgree of freedom 自由度损失delphic 德尔菲unique risk 独特风险unsystematic risk 非系统风险residual risk 剩余风险specific risk 特定风险diversifiable risk 可分散风险market risk 市场风险systematic risk 系统风险undiversifiable risk 不可分散风险convariance 协方差well-diversified 有效分散value additivity 价值可加性efficient portfolio 有效投资组合quadratic programming 二次规划best efficient portfolio 最佳有效投资组合capital asset pricing model (capm) 资本资产定价模型separation theorem 分离定理security market line 证券市场线market capitalization 市场资本总额small-cap stocks 小盘股book-to-market ration 账面-市值比data mining 数据挖掘data snooping 数据侦察consumption beta 消费贝塔consumption capm 消费型资本资产定价模型risk aversion 风险厌恶arbitrage pricing theory 套利定价理论sensitivity of each stock to these factors 每种股票对这些因素的敏感度three-factor model 三因素模型company cost of capital 公司资本成本industry beta 行业贝塔firm value 公司价值debt value 负债价值asset value 资产价值blue-chip firm 蓝筹股financial leverage 财务杠杆gearing 举债经营financial risk 财务风险unlever 消除杠杆relative market values of debt (e/v) 负债的相对市场价值taxable income 应税利润after-tax cost 税后成本marginal corporate tax rate 公司边际税率after-tax weighted-average cost of capital 税后加权平均资本成本cyclicality 周期性cyclical firms 周期性公司operating leverage 经营杠杆revenue 收入fixed costs 固定成本variable costs 可变成本rate of output 产出率certainty equivalent 确定性等价值certainty-equivalent cash flow 确定性等价现金流risk-adjusted discount rate 风险相应贴现率underlying variables 基础变量sample 抽样real option 实物期权decision tree 决策树timing option 安排期权production option 生产性期权option to bail out 清算选择权margin debt 保证金借款floating-rate note 浮动利率票据money-market fund 货币市场基金interest-rate ceiling 利率上限trade-off theory 权衡理论right to default 违约权leverage buy-out (lbo) 杠杆收购asymmetric information 信息不对称financial slack 银根宽松cost of debt 负债成本cost of equity 权益成本terminal value 清算价值cash flow to equity 权益现金流rebalancing 重整project financing 项目融资adjusted cost of capital 调整资本成本equivalent loan 等值贷款offsetting transaction 反向交易depreciable basis 折旧基数adjusted present value (apv) 调整现值call option 看涨期权exercise price 执行价格strike price 敲定价格exercise date 到期日european call 欧式看涨期权american call 美式看涨期权position diagram 头寸图put option 看跌期权superior profit 超常利润overreaction 反应过度underreaction 反应不足index arbitrageur 指数套利者portfolio insurance scheme 证券组合保险策略superior rates of return 超常收益exchange-rate policy 汇率政策application date 申购日long-term asset 长期资产retained earnings 留存收益financial deficit 资金缺口internal fund 内部资金debt policy 负债政策dividend policy 红利政策long-term financing 长期融资total capitalization 资本总额reserve 准备金issued and outsanding 已发行流通股份issued but not outsanding 已发行未流通股份authorized share capital 法定股本总额financial institution 金融机构cash-flow right 现金流要求权control right 控制劝dominant stockholder 控股股东majority voting system 多数投票制cumulative voting 累计投票制supermajority 绝对多数制proxy contest 投票代理权角逐minority stockholder 小股东reverse stock split 逆股票拆细master limited partnership 业主有限责任合伙企业real estate investment trust (REIT) 房地产信托投资基金preferred stock 优先股cumulative preferred stock 红利累积优先股line of credit 授信额度fixed-rate 固定利率floating-rate 浮动利率coupon 息票London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) 伦敦银行间拆借利率eurobond 欧洲债券eurocurrency 欧洲货币euro 欧元senior 优级junior 次级subordinated 从属secured 有担保的collateral 抵押品warrant 认股权证convertible bond 可转换债券primary issue 一级发行prinary market 一级市场secondary tansaction 二级交易secondary market 二级市场over-the-counter (OTC) 场外交易financial intermediary 金融中介zero-stage 启动阶段business plan 创业计划书first-stage financing 第一阶段融资after-the-money valuation 注资后的价值paper gain 账面利润mezzanine financing 引渡融资angel investor 天使投资者venture capital fund 创业投资基金limited private partnership 有限合伙企业general partner 普通合伙人limited partner 有限合伙人small-business investment companies（SBIC）小企业投资公司initial public offering (IPO) 首次公开发行primary offering 首次发行secondary offering 二次发行underwriter 承销商syndicate of underwriter 承销辛迪加registration statement 注册说明书prospectus 招股说明书road show 路演greenshoe option 绿鞋期权spread 差价offering price 发售价格underpricing 抑价winner’s curse 成功者灾难bookbuilding 标书登记fixed price offer 定价发售auction 拍卖discrimination auction 差价拍卖uniform-price auction 一价拍卖general cash offer 一般现款发行right issue 附权发行shelf registration 上架注册prior approval 事前许可bought deal 买方交易seasoned issue 新增发行knowledgeable invertor 成熟的投资者qualified institutional buyer 有资格的机构买者record date 登记日with dividend 附有红利cum dividend 附息ex dividend 除息legal capital 法定资本regular cash dividend 正常现金红利extra 额外的special dividend 特别红利stock dividend 股票红利automatic dividend reinvestment plans (DRIP) 红利自动转投计划transfer of value 价值转移capital structure 资本结构MM’s proposition MM定理weighted-average cost of capital (WACC) 加权平均资本成本margin debt 保证金借款floating-rate note 浮动利率票据money-market fund 货币市场基金interest-rate ceiling 利率上限trade-off theory 权衡理论right to default 违约权leverage buy-out (LBO) 杠杆收购asymmetric information 信息不对称financial slack 银根宽松cost of debt 负债成本cost of equity 权益成本terminal value 清算价值cash flow to equity 权益现金流rebalancing 重整project financing 项目融资adjusted cost of capital 调整资本成本equivalent loan 等值贷款offsetting transaction 反向交易depreciable basis 折旧基数adjusted present value (APV) 调整现值call option 看涨期权exercise price 执行价格strike price 敲定价格exercise date 到期日European call 欧式看涨期权American call 美式看涨期权position diagram 头寸图put option 看跌期权。
(完整版)财务管理专业英语词汇表(很全面)
Chapter 1 An Overview of Financial Management business 企业，商业，业务finance 财务，理财management 管理，管理层revenue 收入return 回报shareholder 股东stakeholder 利益相关者stock 股票profit maximization 利润最大化shareholder wealth maximization 股东财富最大化enterprise value maximization 企业价值最大化hedge risks 规避风险inventory 存货current assets 流动资产current liabilities 流动负债financing 筹资corporation 股份公司earning per share（EPS）每股收益exchange rate 汇率inflation 通货膨胀contractual relations 契约关系equity 所有者权益dividend 股利CFO（Chief Financial Officer）首席财务官，财务总监Chapter 2 The Time Value of Money accrued 增值的，应计的annuity 普通年金annuity factor 年金系数compound interest 复利discounting 贴现future value 终值geometric series 等比数列mortgage 抵押ordinary annuity 普通年金perpetuity 永续年金present value 现值principal 本金reinvest 再投资simple interest 单利time value of money 货币时间价值compounding 复利计算Chapter 3 Risk and Rewardcapital asset pricing model（CAPM）资本资产定价模型diversification 分散化efficient capital market 有效资本市场expected return 期望回报market, systematic, or undiversifiable risk 市场风险、系统风险或不可分散风险portfolio 组合reward 收益，溢酬，溢价risk-aversion 风险厌恶risk-neutrality 风险中性risk preference 风险偏好risk premium 风险溢价security markets line（SML）证券市场线semi-strong capital market efficiency 半强式资本市场有效spread out 分散square root 平方根standard deviation 标准差strong capital market efficiency 强式资本市场有效transaction cost 交易成本unique, firm-specific, idiosyncratic, unsystematic, or diversifiable risk 特殊风险、特有风险、虚假风险、非系统风险或可分散风险variance 方差volatility 波动性weak capital market efficiency 弱式资本市场有效Chapter 4 Financial Assets and Their Valuation asset 资产security 证券issue （股票，钞票）分发，发行coupon rate 票面利率，息面利率annual 每年的，年度的，一年一次的obligate 使（某人）负有责任或义务outstanding 未解决的，未偿付的，杰出的calculate 估计，预测compensation 报酬，工资，补偿物perpetual 永久的，永恒的infinite 无限的，无穷的substitute 替代，取代yield 出产，产，出（果实、利润、结果）approximation 相似，近似trial-and-error 试误法illustrate 说明，阐明entitle 使人有权拥有……liability 负债intrinsic value 内在价值asymmetry 不对称constant 不变的，可靠的phase 阶段，时期preferred stock 优先股Chapter 5 Capital Budgeting and Investment Decision capital budgeting 资本预算estimating net present value 预期净现值the average accounting return 平均会计报酬率stand-alone principle 独立原则the internal rate of return 内部收益率the payback rule 回收期法erosion 侵蚀net working capital 净营运资本opportunity cost 机会成本hard rationing 硬约束soft rationing 软约束sunk cost 沉没成本incremental cash flow 增量现金流量pro forma financial statement 预估财务报表forecasting risk 预测风险scenario analysis 情景分析investment criteria 投资决策标准cash flow 现金流量project cash flow 项目现金流量depreciation 折旧capital spending 资本性支出garbage-in garbage-out system 垃圾进、垃圾出系统best case and worst case 最优情形和最差情形Chapter 6 Working Capital Management working capital 营运资本speculative 投机precautionary 预防的buffer 缓冲器invoice 发票deposit 存款disbursement 支付expenditure 消费trade-off 权衡attorney 代理人applicant 申请人utilization 应用dampen 使沮丧ordering cost 订货成本carrying cost 储存成本raw material 原材料insurance 保险linear 线性的bad-debt 坏账Chapter 7 Financing Modes debt financing 债务筹资equity financing 权益投资prospectus 招股说明书the general cash offer 普通现金发行the rights offer 配股发行initial public offering(IPO) 首次公开发行underwriting discount 承销折价the subscription price 认购价格collateral 抵押品mortgage securities 抵押债券debenture 信用债券sinking fund 偿债基金call provision 赎回条款call-protected 赎回保护operating leases 经营性租赁financial leases 融资租赁sale and lease-back 售后租回leveraged leases 杠杆租赁warrants 认股权证convertibles 可转换债券call options 看涨期权straight bond value 纯粹债券价值conversion value 转换价值secured loans 抵押贷款committed lines of credit 承诺式信贷额度compensating balances 补偿性余额trust receipt 信托收据Chapter 8 Capital Structure capital structure 资本结构optimal capital structure 最佳资本结构financial leverage 财务杠杆homemade leverage 自制杠杆payoff 回报proceeds 收益financial risk 财务风险interest tax shield 利息税盾direct bankruptcy costs 直接破产成本indirect bankruptcy costs 间接破产成本liquidation 清偿reorganization 重组absolute priority rule 绝对优先原则qualification 限定条件cost of equity 股权成本business risk 经营风险pie model 饼状模型break-even point 收益均衡点indifference point 无差异点Chapter 9 Dividend Distribution dividend irrelevance theory 股利无关理论retained earnings 留存收益capital surplus 资本公积earned surplus 盈余公积legal surplus 法定盈余公积free surplus reserves 任意盈余公积stockholder meeting 股东会declaration date 宣告日holder-of-record date 股权登记日ex-dividend date 除息日stock split 股票分割stock dividend 股票股利stock repurchase 股票回购declaration date 股利宣布日record date 股权登记日regular dividend 正常股利cash dividend 现金股利stock dividend 股票股利stock price appreciation 股价增值open market 公开市场payment date 股利支付日going concern 持续经营。
财务管理专业英语单词
Topic1：决策：decision-making上市公司：publicly-traded corporations波动、变化的：volatility资本预算：capital budgeting流动负债：current liability产生、繁殖：beget /breed职员：personnel稀释：dilute观念、想法：notion总裁、首席执行官：CEO chief executive officer 发行股票：stock offeringTopic2：拒绝：rebuff整合、调整：align缺点：drawback起诉：sue失职、玩忽职守：malpractice度量、尺寸：dimension学术论文：dissertation先决条件：prerequisite征用、没收：expropriate分歧、差异：divergence奢华的：lavish控股公司：closely held corporation社会福利：social good个人独资企业：sole proprietorship要约收购：tender offer委托-代理关系（代理关系）：principal-agent/agency relationship 股票期权：stock optionsTopic5：本能的、固有的：instinctive先付年金：annuity due吸引人：appealing关于、涉及：pertain to剧烈的、敏锐的：acutely或有要求权股价：contingent claim valuation到期、期满：expire诱惑：enticement偿债基金条款：a sinking fund provision遵守：comply信用债券：debenture年金终值系数：future value interest factor for annuities年金现值系数：present value interest factor for annuitiesTopic6：忽视：disregard概率分布函数：probability distribution function参数：parameter对称的：symmetrical无弹性的：inelastic察觉：discern引起、引发:trigger合理性、可信性：plausibility贝塔系数（β系数）：beta coefficient价格接受者：price taker期后盈余披露：post-earnings announcement drift均值方差有效边际：mean-variance efficient frontiers 套利定价理论(APT):arbitrage pricing theoryTopic7：验证、使有效：validate互不相容的项目：mutually exclusive projects阻止、排除：preclude放弃：forgo制造费用：overhead残余价值：residual value折现回收期：discounted payback period 倾向于：incline to资本限额：capital rationing出错：go awryTopic8：开始进行、继续下去：proceed to收益：proceeds放下、寄存：deposit存款：deposits禁止、阻止：prohibit特权、优先增股权：privilege赋予、赠予：confer期货合约：future contract足够的、充分的：sufficient不愿意：reluctance获得、导出：derive from包销：underwriting随后的、接着发生的：subsequent激励性股票期权：incentive stock option 优先权：preemptive right可转债：convertible debt构成：constituteTopic9：摩擦：friction混合证券：hybrid security风险资本：venture capital认股权证：warrant类期权证券：option-like security 融资租赁：capital lease经营杠杆：operating leverage津贴：subsidy刺激的：provocative。
(财务管控)经济学家词汇总结
（财务管控）经济学家词汇总结TheEconomist《经济学人》常用词汇总结1、绝对优势（Absoluteadvantage）如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。
2、逆向选择（Adversechoice）在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。
3、选择成本（Alternativecost）如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。
4、需求的弧弹性（Arcelasticityofdemand）如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2和Q2为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于-（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2）5、非对称的信息（Asymmetricinformation）在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。
例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。
6、平均成本（Averagecost）平均成本是总成本除以产量。
也称为平均总成本。
7、平均固定成本(Averagefixedcost）平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。
8、平均产品（Averageproduct）平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。
9、平均可变成本（Averagevariablecost）平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。
10、投资的β(Beta）β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。
对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。
11、债券收益(Bondyield）债券收益是债券所获得的利率。
12、收支平衡图（Break－evenchart）收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。
收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。
13、预算线(Budgetline）预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。
财务会计与英语专业管理知识分析词汇
财务会计与英语专业管理知识分析词汇
财务会计：
1. 资产负债表（Balance Sheet）- 一种财务报表，用于记录企业在特定日期的资产、负债和所有者权益。
3. 现金流量表（Cash Flow Statement）- 一种财务报表，用于记录企业在特定时期的现金流入和流出。
4. 应收账款（Accounts Receivable）- 由企业出售货物或提供服务后，尚未收到款项的金额。
5. 应付账款（Accounts Payable）- 企业尚未支付的货物或服务的款项。
英语专业管理知识：
1. 人力资源管理（Human Resource Management）- 管理和协调组织内的人力资源，包括招聘、培训、绩效评估等。
2. 市场营销（Marketing）- 通过研究市场需求，制定有效的营销策略，推广产品或服务来增加销售量和利润。
3. 战略管理（Strategic Management）- 确定和实施组织的长期目标和计划，并监督实施过程。
4. 团队管理（Team Management）- 管理和协调团队成员，以实现特定目标。
5. 经济学（Economics）- 研究资源分配、生产和消费的行为及过程的学科。
（财务知识）最全经济学英语词汇（打印版）
（财务知识）最全经济学英语词汇（打印版）经济学英语词汇1、General terms 一般术语economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的2、Capital 资本initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolvingfund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checkingaccount)current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)(美作:check) bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率freeexchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格,票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街3、C redit 信贷short term loan 短期贷款long term loan长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴4、P ruduction 生产output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩5、E xpenses 耗费cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionmentof expenses 分摊费用6、P rofit 利润income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income,gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、t axes 税duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer纳税人tax collector 收税员8、I nternal economic and trade orgnization国际经济与贸易组织China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development,DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association,CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community,WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries,OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行The Chase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange波罗的海商业和航运交易所Aaccounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb—Douglas production function 柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cournot model 古诺模型Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋Engel curve 恩格尔曲线entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms’demand curve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则goods 货物government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curveincome constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Kkinded—demand curve 弯折的需求曲线Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数，land 土地law 法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price 单一价格法则leader—follower model 领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 列昂节夫生产函数licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function 线性齐次生产函数long run长期long run average cost 长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost 长期边际成本long run total cost 长期总成本Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化1ump sum tax 一次性征税luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal 边际的marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 实际实物生产率marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns 边际回报marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market 市场market clearance 市场结清，市场洗清market demand 市场需求market economy 市场经济market equilibrium 市场均衡market failure 市场失败market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法Marshallian demand function 马歇尔需求函数maximization 极大化microeconomics 微观经济学minimum wage 最低工资misallocation of resources 资源误置mixed economy 混合经济model 模型money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony 买方垄断NNash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学Oobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi—rent 准租金Rrate of product transformation 产品转换率rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数regulation 调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent control 规模报酬rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale 规模报酬revealed preference 显示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function 收益函数revenue maximization 收益极大化ridge line 脊线risk 风险Ssatiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination 二级价格歧视second derivative --阶导数second—order condition 二阶条件service 劳务set 集shadow prices 影子价格short—run 短期short—run cost curve 短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium 短期均衡short—run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope 斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function 社会福利函数socialism 社会主义solution 解space 空间stability 稳定性stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡Stackelberg model 斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis 静态分析stock 存量stock market 股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数sufficient condition 充分条件supply 供给supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数supply schedule 供给表Sweezy model 斯威齐模型symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称Ttangency 相切taste 兴致technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术third—degree price discrimination 第三级价格歧视total cost 总成本total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用Uuncertainty 不确定性uniqueness 唯一性unit elasticity 单位弹性unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡utility 效用utility function 效用函数utility index 效用指数utility maximization 效用极大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿Vvalue 价值value judge 价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入variables 变量vector 向量visible hand 看得见的手vulgur economics 庸俗经济学Wwage 工资wage rate 工资率Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras's law 瓦尔拉斯法则Wants 需要Welfare criterion 福利标准Welfare economics 福利经学Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形welfare maximization 福利极大化Zzero cost 零成本zero elasticity 零弹性zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性zero economic profit 零利润。
经济管理资料及财务知识分析词汇(DOC 64页)
A priori approach先验法Above the line, below the line 线以上,线以下Absolute advantage绝对利益Absolute inequality绝对不均等线Acceleration principle加速原因Accelerations Phillips curve 力速性的菲力浦曲线Accounting profits会计利润Acquisition取得;收购Action lag行动上的落后Actual inflation rate实际的通货膨胀Ad valorem tax从价税Adaptive expectation适应性预期Adjusted nominal money growth 调整的名目货币成长Administered price支配价格aggregate demand relation总合需求关系Aggregate expenditure总支出Aggregate income总收入Aggregate output总合产出Aggregate private spending总合私人支出Aggregate production function 总合生产函数Aggregate supply curve总合供给曲线Aggregate supply relation总合供给关系AggregatesAllocation of resource资源配置Allocative efficiency分配效率Alternative uses多种用途Animal spirits动物直觉Annuity年金Anticipated inflation意料中的通货膨胀Anticipated money预期的货币Anti-inflation policy反通货膨胀政策Anti-recession policy反衰退政策Antitrust Act反托拉斯法Appreciation (nominal)升值(名目)Appropriability (of research results) (研究结果的)受益Arbitrage套利;套息Arc elasticity孤弹性Arithmetic/arithmetical progression 算术级数AS-AD modelAS-AS模型(总合供需模型)Asian crisis亚洲危机Asian miracle亚洲奇迹Asset资产Assumption假设Automatic adjustment mechanism自动调整机能Automatic stabilizer自动稳定因子Autonomous changeAutonomous consumption自发性消费Autonomous expenditure自发性支出Autonomous investment自发性投资Autonomous spending自发性支出Average cost pricing平均成本订价法Average factor cost平均要素成本Average fixed cost平均固定成本Average product平均产量Average propensity to consume平均消费倾向Average propensity to import平均进口倾向Average propensity to save平均储蓄倾向Average revenue平均收益Average revenue product平均收益产量(ARP)Average total cost平均总成本Average variable cost平均变动成本Averages平均量axiom公理Backward bending labor supply curve 后弯的劳动供给曲线Backward integration向后整合Backward shifting向后转嫁(后转)Balance of payments国际收支Balance of payments adjustment国际收支失衡的调整Balance of tradeBalanced budget预算平衡Balanced budget multiplier平衡预算乘数Balanced growth平衡成长Balance-of-payments accounts 国际收支平衡表Band (for exchange rates)区间(汇率的)Bank credit银行信用Bank draft银行汇票Bank reserve银行准备Bank run银行挤兑Banking multiplier银行乘数Bankruptcy破产Bargaining power议价能力Barrier to entry进入障碍Barter以物易物Barter economy以物易物的经济Barter trade以物易物Base year基期(基准年)Basket of currencies一篮通货Beggar-my-neighbor以邻为壑Behavioral assumption行为假设Behavioral equation行为方程式Beneficial externality外部性利益BenefitBest lending rate最优惠的利率Big bang大震惊Bilateral exchange rate双边实质汇率Bilateral monopoly双边独占Bilateral trade双边贸易Bill of exchange汇票Black market黑市Board of Governors理事会bond债券Bond market债券市场Bond rating债券评等Boom繁荣Break-even point损益两平点Broad money广义货币Budget deficit预算赤字Budget line预算线Budget surplus预算盈余Built-in stabilizer自动安定机能Business cycle theory景气循环理论Business cycles景气循环Cambridge cash balance equation 剑桥现金余额方程式Capacity产能CapitalCapital account资本帐Capital accumulation资本累积Capital consumption资本消耗Capital controls资本管制Capital depreciation资本折旧Capital expenditure资本开支Capital export资本输出Capital gain资本利得Capital goods资本财Capital inflow资本流入Capital intensive industry 资本密集产业Capital investment资本投资Capital labour ratio资本劳动比Capital market资本市场Capital movement资本流动Capital outflow资本外流Capital stock资本存量Capital/output ratio资本/产出比Capitalist economy资本主义经济Carrying cost存置成本Cartel卡特尔组织Cash drain现金流失Cash flowCash reserve现金准备Causality因果关系Central bank中央银行Central bank money中央银行货币Central parity中心平价Centrally planned economy中央计画经济Ceteris paribus其他条件不变Chamberlain, Edward泰柏林Change in quantity supplied供给量的变动Change in supply供给的变动Changes in business inventories 企业存货的变化Changes in demand需求的变动Checkable deposits支票存款Choice theory选择理论Churning搅动Circular flow of income所得循环周流Classical economics古典学派经济学Clean float纯粹浮动Closed economy封闭经济Closed market封闭的市场Coase theorem高斯定理Cobweb theory蛛网理论Collective bargainingCollusion勾结Commercial bank商业银行Commercial paper商业本票Commission佣金;委员会Commodity money商品货币Common-property resources共同财富Company公司Comparative advantage比较利益Comparative cost比较成本Comparative economics比较经济学Comparative statics比较静态Compensating wage differentials 补偿性工资差异Compensation of employees受雇者的收入Compensation principle补偿原则Competitive behavior竞争行为Competitive demand竞争需求Competitive equilibrium竞争性均衡Competitive firm竞争性厂商Competitive market竞争市场Complements互补品Confidence band信赖带区间Congressional Budget Office (CBO) 国际预算办公室Constant cost industryConstant returns to scale规模报酬固定Constrained optimization受限的最适化Consumer behaviour消费者行为Consumer choice消费者选择Consumer confidence index消费者信心指数Consumer preference消费者偏好Consumer price index (CPI)消费者物价指数Consumer sovereignty消费者主权Consumers's surplus消费者剩余Consumption消费Consumption expenditure消费支出Consumption function消费函数Consumption goods消费财Consumption of fixed capital固定资本折耗Consumption possibility line消费可能曲线Contestable market可竞争市场Contractionary effect紧缩效果Contractionary open market operation紧缩性公开市场操作Contractionary policy紧缩政策Controlled experiment控制的实验Convergence收敛Convertible currencies可兑换通货Coordination (of macroeconomic policies between two countries)Corporate bond公司债Corporate profits公司利润Corporation(股份有限公司)公司Correlation相关Cost成本Cost benefit analysis 成本效益分析Cost effectiveness成本效能Cost minimization成本最小化Cost of exchange交易成本Cost of living生活费Cost of living index 生活成指数Cost of production生产成本Cost-plus pricing成本加成订价法Cost-push inflection 成本推动型通货膨胀Coupon bond付息债券Coupon payments票息利率Coupon rate票面利率Crawling peg蠕动钉住Creative destruction 创造生毁灭Credibility可信度,公信力Credit card信用卡Credit channel信用管道Credit controlCredit creation信用创造Creditor债权人Cross elasticity交叉弹性Crowding-in effect挤入效果Currency通货Currency board货币委员会Currency deposit ratio现金存款比率Currency issue通货发行Current account经常帐Current Population Survey (CPS) 当前人口调查Current yield当期收益率Customs duty关税Cyclical unemployment循环性失业Cyclically adjusted deficit循环性调整赤字Dead-weight loss无谓损失Debase降低成色Debt finance债务融通Debt monetization债务货币化Debt ratio公债比Debt repudiation拒付债务Debt-to-GDP ratio公债对GDP比率Decision lag决策落后Decision makersDecreasing cost industry成本递减产业Decreasing returns to capital 资本报酬递减Decreasing returns to labor 劳动报酬递减Decreasing returns to scale 递减成本的产业Default risk违约风险Deferred payment递延支付Deficit budget赤字预算Deflated GNP平减物价下的国民生产毛额Deflation通货紧缩Deflationary fiscal policy紧缩财政政策Deflationary gap紧缩缺口Deflator平减指数Degrees of freedom自由度Demand curve需求曲线Demand deposits存款货币;活期存款Demand for domestic goods国内商品的需求Demand function需求函数Demand management需求管理Demand price需求价格Demand schedule需求表Demand-pull inflation需求拉动型通货膨胀Dependent variable因变数DepositDeposit creation存款创造Deposit money存款货币Depreciation折旧;贬值Depreciation allowance折旧提列Depreciation rate折旧率Depression萧条Derived demand引伸性需求Devaluation贬值Developed country已开发国家Developing country开发中国家Diamond-water paradox钻石与水的矛盾Differential rent差别地租Differentiated product异质性产品Diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率递减Diminishing marginal returns边际报酬递减Diminishing marginal utility边际效用递减Direct tax直接税Dirty floating污浊的浮动Discount贴现Discount bond折价债券Discount factor折现因子Discount policy贴现政策Discount rateDiscount window折现窗口Discounted value折现值Discouraged worker丧志工人Discretionary fiscal policy 权衡性的财政政策Diseconomies of scale规模不经济Disguised unemployment隐藏性失业Disinflation反通货膨胀Disposable income可支配所得Disposable income per capita 平均每人可支配所得Disproducts负产品Dissaving负储蓄Distribution of goods财货分配Distribution of income所得分配Disutility负效用Diversification多样化;分散投资Dividend股利Division of labour分工Dollar GDP现价GDPDollarization美元化Domestic demand for goods商品的国内需求Domestic trade国内贸易Double coincidence of wants 互为需要Double countingDow Jones Industrial Average 道琼工业股价平均指数Dual labor market双元性劳动市场Dumping倾销Durable goods耐用品;耐久财Duration of unemployment失业期间Dynamic动态Dynamic efficiency动态效率Earning收益;收入Economic analysis经济分析Economic bads负产品Economic cost经济成本Economic development经济发展Economic efficiency经济效率Economic epochs经济纪元Economic goods经济财Economic growth经济成长Economic indicator经济指标Economic planning经济计画Economic policy经济政策Economic profits经济利润Economic reform经济改革Economic rent经济租Economic stabilityEconomic system经济制度Economic welfare经济福利Economics of scale规模经济Economics of welfare福利经济学Economist经济学长Effect lag效果的落后Effective demand有效需求Effective labor有效劳动Effective real exchange rate 有效实质汇率Efficiency效率Efficiency wage效率工资Elastic有弹性的Elasticity弹性Elasticity coefficient弹性系数Elasticity of demand需求弹性Elasticity of supply供给弹性Embargo禁运;禁止出口Employee雇员Employer雇主Employment就业Endogenous variable内生变数Endowment禀赋Engel curveEngel's law恩格尔法则Entertainments tax娱乐税Entitlement programs资格性计画Entrepreneur企业家Entrepreneurship企业才能;企业精神Envelope curve包络曲线Equation of exchange交易方程式Equilibrium均衡Equilibrium condition均衡条件Equilibrium equation均衡方程式Equilibrium in the goods market 商品市场的均衡Equilibrium income均衡所得Equilibrium price均衡价格Equity公平Equity finance股票融通Equity premium股票溢酬Euro欧元European central bank (ECB)欧洲中央银行European Monetrary System (EMS) 欧洲货币制度European Union欧洲联盟Eurosclerosis欧洲硬化症Ex ante事前Ex postExcess burden超额负担Excess capacity超额能量Excess demand超额需求Excess profits超额利润Excess reserve超额准备Excess supply超额供给Exchange交易;兑换Exchange control外汇管制Exchange Fund外汇基金Exchange market外汇市场Exchange rate汇率Exchange rate mechanism (ERM)汇率机制Exchange rate system汇率制度Exchange value交换价值Excise duty货物税Exclusive排他的Execution lag执行落后Exhaustive expenditures耗竭性支出Exogenous variable外生变数Expansion景气扩张Expansionary fiscal policy扩张性财政政策Expectations hypothesis预期假说Expectations-augmented Phillips curveExpected present discounted value 预期折现值Expected rate of inflation预期通货膨胀率Expected rate of return预期报酬率Expenditure approach支出面法Experiment实验Explicit costs外显成本Export出口Export duty出口税Export subsidy出口补贴Export substitution出口替代Exporting country出口国;输出国Extensive growth扩张性成长External benefits外部利益External costs外部成本External diseconomies外部不经济External economies外部经济External effects外部效果externalities外部性F.O.B.离岸价格Face value面值Factor cost生产要素成本Factor endowment要素禀赋Factor incomeFactor income approach要素所得法Factor market要素市场Factor mobility生产要素流动性Factor payments approach要素支出法Fad狅热追价Fallacy of composition合成的谬误Fallacy of division分割的谬误Fallacy of false course因果谬误Fascism法西斯主义Favourable balance of payments国际收支顺差Favourable balance of trade贸易顺差Favourable terms of trade有利的贸易条件Featherbedding插花Fed accommodationFed的融通Federal deposit insurance联邦存款保险Federal funds market联邦基金市场Federal funds rate联邦基金率Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) 联邦公开市场委员会Federal Reserve Bank (Fed)联邦准备银行Federal Reserve Districts联邦准备地区Feedback回馈Fertility of research研究丰富多产性Fiat moneyFinal products最终产品Financial asset金融资产Financial centre金融中心Financial deepening金融深入Financial dualism金融双元性Financial institution金融机构Financial intermediary金融中介Financial investment金融投资Financial market金融市场Financial wealth金融财富Financing融资Fine tuning准确调节Firms厂商First-degree price discrimination 第一级差别取价Fiscal balance败政平衡Fiscal consolidation财政的巩固Fiscal contraction财政的紧缩Fiscal drag财政拖累Fiscal expansion财政的扩张Fiscal policy财政政策Fiscal year财政年度Fisher effect费雪效果Fisher equationFixed asset固定资产Fixed capital固定资本Fixed deposit定期存款Fixed exchange rate固定汇率Fixed exchange rate system 固定汇率制度Fixed factors固定生产要素Fixed investment固定投资Float浮动Floating exchange rate浮动汇率Flow流量Forecast error预测误差Foreign currency外币Foreign direct investment 国外直接投资Foreign exchange外汇Foreign exchange control 外汇管制Foreign exchange market外汇市场Foreign exchange rate汇率Foreign trade对外贸易Foreign-exchange reserves 外汇存底Forward exchange market期货外汇市场Four tigers亚洲四小龙Franchise专利权FranchisedFree economy自由经济Free entry and exit自由进出Free goods自由财Free market economy自由市场经济Free mobility自由流动Frictional unemployment摩擦性失业Fringe benefit劳工福利Full employment充分就业Full-employment deficit完全就业赤字Fully funded social security system 安全资金式社会安全制度Fundamental psychological law基本心理法则Fundamental value基本价值Future goods未来财Futures contract期货合约Futures market期货市场G-7七大工业国Game竞赛Game theory竞赛理论GDP adjusted for inflation通货膨胀调整的GDPGDP deflatorGDP平减指数GDP growthGDP成长GDP in chained dollars连锁价格的实质GDPGDP in constant dollarsGDP in current dollars当前价格GDPGDP in terms of goods实物GDPGeneral equilibrium一般均衡Geometric series等比级数,几何数列GNP deflatior国民生产毛额平减指数Going value存续价值Gold standard金本位Golden-rule level of capital黄金律资本水准Goods财货Goods market黄金市场Goodwill商誉Government bond政府债券Government budget constraint政府预算限制Government consumption expenditure 政府消费支出Government failure政府失灵Government intervention政府干预Government policy政府政策Government purchases政府的购买Government regulation政府法规;政府管制Government revenue政府收入Government spending政府支出Government subsidy政府补贴Government subsidyGovernment transfers政府的移转性支出Great Depression经济大恐慌Great Depression经济大萧条Gresham's Law格来兴法则Gresham's Low格来兴法则gross domestic capital formation国内资本形成毛额Gross domestic capital formation国内资本形成毛额Gross domestic product国内生产毛额Gross domestic product (GDP)国内生产毛额gross fixed capital formation固定资本形成毛额Gross fixed capital formation固定资本形成毛额gross investment毛投资Gross investment手投资Gross national product (GNP)国民生产毛额Gross national product (GNP)国民生产毛额Gross private domestic fixed investment 私人国内固定投资毛额growth成长Growth成长growth distortion成长的扭曲Growth distortion成长的扭曲Harrod-Domar model哈罗-多玛模型Harrod-Domar model哈罗-多玛模型heavy industryHeavy industry重工业Heterodox stabilization program 非正统的稳定计画heterogeneous goods异质产品Heterogeneous goods异质产品High-powered money强力货币High-powered money强力货币Hires聘用Historical cost历史成本;既往成本Historical cost历史成本homogeneous goods同质产品Homogeneous goods同质产品households家户单位Households家户Housing wealth房屋财富human capital人力资本Human capital人力资本human wants人类欲望Human wants人类欲望Human wealth人力财富Humphrey-Hawkins ActHumphrey Hawkins法案hyperinflation恶性的通货膨胀Hyperinflation恶性的通货膨胀HysteresisIdentification problem 确认问题Identity恒等式Idle money闲置货币Idle money闲置货币impact lag效验上的落后imperfect competition不完全竞争implicit costs隐藏成本Implicit price index隐性的物价指数import进口Import quotas进口限额import restriction进口限制import substitution进口替代import tariff进口关税imported inflation输入性通货膨胀Importing country进口国;输入国incentive诱因;激励income所得income consumption curve 所得消费曲线income distribution所得分配income effect所得效果income elasticity所得弹性Income policy所得政策income redistributionincome tax所得税income velocity of circulation of money 货币的所得流通速度Increasing cost industry成本递增的产业Increasing marginal opportunity cost 机会成本递增Increasing returns to scale规模报酬递增Independent goods独立品Index指数Indexing指数化;编制指数indifference curve无异曲线indirect tax间接税individual demand个别需求induced consumption诱发性消费induced expenditure诱发性支出induced taxation诱发性租税inductive method归纳法industrial diversification工业多元化industrial promotion工业促进industrialization工业化industry产业inelastic无弹性的inequality measures不均度infant industry幼稚产业inferior goodsinflation通货膨胀inflationary gap膨胀缺口information cost资讯,讯息成本injection挹注in-kind transfer实物移转innovation创新,发明input投入input-output ration投入产出比率installment分期付款insurance保险integration整合;合并interest rate利率intermediate products中间财intermediate range中间区域internalization内部化internalization内部化International division of labor 国际分工international division of labor 国际分工International economics国际经济学international economics国际经济学International finance国际金融international finance国际金融International Monetary Fundinternational Monetary Fund国际货币基金(IMF)International settlement account 国际清偿帐International settlement account 国际清偿帐International trade国际贸易international trade国际贸易Intertemporal model跨期模型Intertemporal modle跨期模型Intertemporal trade-off跨期的抉择Intertemporal trade-off跨期的抉择inventory存货inventory存货investment投资investment投资investment multiplier投资乘数investment multiplier投资乘数invisible hand一只看不见的手invisible hand一只看不见的手involuntary unemployment非自愿性失业involuntary unemployment非自愿性失业IS curvelS曲线IS curvelS曲线IS curveIS曲线isocostisocost等成本线isoquant等产量曲线isoquant等产量曲线Jaw boning下巴骨政策Jaw boning下巴骨政策J-curveJ曲线J-curve effectJ曲线效果J-curve effectJ曲线效果joint product联产品jonint product联产品Junk bond垃圾债券Keynes凯因斯Keynesian range凯因其斤区域Keynesian revolution凯因斯革命Kinked demand curve拗折的需求曲线Labor劳动labor force劳动力Labor force劳动力Labor hoarding劳动窖藏Labor inefficiency units 以效率单位计算的劳动量数labor intensive industry 劳力密集产业labor market劳动市场Labor market rigiditieslabor participating rate劳动参与率Labor productivity劳动生产力Labor productivity劳动生产力labor supply curve劳动供给曲线labor union工会Laffer curve拉佛曲线Laffer curve拉弗曲线Lagged value落后值Laissez-faire自由放任land土地law of diminishing marginal returns边际报酬递减法则law of comparative advantage比较利益法则law of demand需求法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal utility边际效用递减法则law of diminishing returns报酬递减法则law of increasing cost成本递增法则law of one price一物一价法则law of supply供给法则law of variable proportions可变比率法则Layoffs裁员leakageleapfrogging交互跃进least cost combination最小成本组合legal reserve法定准备legal reserve requirement ration 法定准备比率legal tender无限法偿lender of last resort最后贷款者letter of credit信用状liability负债life cycle hypothesis生命周期假说Life cycle theory of consumption 消费的生命循环理论life-time budget constraint终身预算限制式Linear relation线性关系liquid asset流动性资产liquidation变现;清算liquidity流动性liquidity preference流动性偏好Liquidity preference流动性偏好liquidity trap流动性陷阱Liquidity trap流动性陷阱LM curveLM曲线LM curveLM曲线LM relationLM关系loanloanable fund theory可贷资金说Logarithmic scale对数规格衡量Long-run长期long-run average cost curve长期平均成本曲线long-term bond长期债券Lorenz curve罗仑斯曲线Lucas critique卢卡斯批评lump-sum tax定额税luxury goods奢侈品Maastricht treaty马斯垂克条约Macroeconomics总体经济学macroeconomics总体经济学majority voting多数决managed floating exchange rate system管理浮动汇率制度marginal benefit边际利益marginal cost边际成本marginal cost pricing边际成本订价法marginal efficiency of capital资本边际效率marginal efficiency of investment投资的边际效率marginal factor cost边际要素成本marginal firm边际厂商marginal product边际产量marginal productivity theory of income-distributionMarginal propensity to consume边际消费倾向Marginal propensity to import边际进口倾向marginal propensity to invest边际投资倾向Marginal propensity to save边际储蓄倾向marginal rate of substitution边际替代率Marginal rate of substitution边际替代率Marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率marginal rate of transformation边际转换率marginal revenue边际收益marginal revenue product边际收益产量marginal tax rate边际税率marginal utility边际效用market市场market economy市场经济market equilibrium市场均衡market failure市场失灵market forces市场力量market mechanism市场机能Market period市场期间market segmentation市场区隔Market socialism市场社会主义Market structure市场结构market supply curveMarshall马歇尔Marshall-Lerner condition马娄条件Marshall-Lerner condition马娄条件mass production大量生产;大规模生产maturity期限means of deferred payment递延支付工具measure of economic welfare经济福利的测度measure of value价值的衡量medium of exchange交易的媒介Medium run中期medium-term bond中期债券Menu cost菜单成本Menu cost菜单成本Merchandise trade商品贸易merger合并;并购Microeconomics个体经济学Microeconomics个体经济学microfoundation of macroeconomics 总体经济理论的个体经济基础Mid cycle deficit中循环赤字Minimum wag最低工资misery index痛苦指数mixed economy混合经济mobilityModel模型Models of endogenous growth 内生成长模型Modified Phillips curve修正的菲力浦曲线Monetarism ,monetarists货币学派Monetarist重货币学派Monetary aggregate货币总计数Monetary base货币基数Monetary base货币基数Monetary contraction货币的紧缩Monetary expansion货币的扩张monetary policy货币政策Monetary tightening货币的抽紧monetary-fiscal policy mix 货币-财政政策组合money货币money货币money illusion货币幻觉Money illusion货币幻觉money income货币所得money market货币市场Money market funds货币市场基金money multiplier货币乘数Money multiplier货币乘数Money neutralitymoney stock货币存量money supply货币供给money wage货币工资moneyness货币性monopolist独占者monopolist独买者monopolist competition独占性竞争monopoly独占monopoly power独占力monopsony独买moral suasion道德劝服mortgage抵押权Multilateral exchange rate(multilateral real exchange rate) 多边汇率(多边实质汇率)Multiplier乘数multiplier effect乘数效果Mundell-Fleming model孟岱尔-佛来明模型Narrow banking狭义银行Narrow money狭义货币Nash equilibriumNash 均衡National accounts国民所得会计帐national debt公债;国债National income国民所得National incomeNational income accounting国民所得会计帐National income and product accounts 国民所得与产出帐National income per capita平均每人国民所得National industrial Recovery Act(NIRA) 国家产业复苏法案National Recovery Administration国家复苏局nationalization国有化natural barriers自然障碍Natural experiment自然实验Natural level of employment自然就业率Natural level of output自然产出水准natural level of real output自然失业率下的实质产出natural monopoly自然独占natural rate of unemployment自然失业率Natural rate of unemployment自然失业率natural resources自然资源near money近似货币necessities必需品Neo-Classical economics新古典学派经济学Neo-classical synthesis新兴古典综合论Neo-Keynesian economics新凯因斯学派经济学Net capital flows净资本流量Net Economic Welfare经济福利净额Net exportNet exports净出口net fixed capital formation 固定资本形成净额Net interest净利息net investment净投资net national product (NNP) 国民生产净额Net national product(NNP) 净国民生产净额net private benefit净私人利益net social benefit净社会利益Net transfer received净移转收入net worth净值neutrality of money货币中立性Neutrality of money货币的中立性New Classical新古典学派New Classical economics新兴古典学派经济学New Deal新政New Economic Welfare新经济福利New growth theory新成长理论New Keynesian economics新兴凯因斯学派经济学New-Keynesians新凯因斯学派no discrimination无歧视现象Nominal exchange rate名目汇率Nominal GDP名目的GDPnominal incomenominal interest rate名目利率Nominal interest rate名目利率Nominal rigidity名目僵硬性nominal value票面4贾i直nominal wage名目工资Non durable goods非耐久财Non employment rate未就业率Non human wealth非人力财富Non residential investment非住宅性投资non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment(NAIRU) 非加速性膨胀的失业率nonexclusive无排他性nonmarketed production未上市的生产活动non-price competition非价格性的竞争nonrival非敌对性normal goods正常财Normal growth rate名目成长率normal profits正常利润normative规范的,唯善的North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)美自由贸易协订Not in the labor force不在劳动力中obsolescence过时,报废occupation职业officinal reserve transaction accountOkun's law奥肯法则Okun's low欧肯法则Oligopoly寡占市场OPEC石油输出国组织open economy开放经济体系Open Market Desk公开市场柜橱Open market operation公开市场操作open unemployment公开性失业open-market operations公开市场操作Openness in factor markets要素市场开放Openness in financial markets金融市场开放Openness in goods markets商品市场开放operating cost经营成本Opportunity cost机会成本optimal allocation最适配置Optimal control最适控制Optimal control theory最适控制理论optimal plant最适度工厂规模optimal size (optimum scale)最适规模Ordinary least squares普通最小平方法Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OCED) 经济合作开发组织organization theory组织理论Orthodox stabilization program。
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（财务管控）经济学人专业词汇绝对优势（Absoluteadvantage）1、如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。
2、2、逆向选择（Adversechoice）3、在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。
4、3、选择成本（Alternativecost）5、如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。
6、4、需求的弧弹性（Arcelasticityofdemand）7、如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2和Q2为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于8、-（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2）9、5、非对称的信息（Asymmetricinformation）10、在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。
例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。
11、6、平均成本（Averagecost）12、平均成本是总成本除以产量。
也称为平均总成本。
13、7、平均固定成本(Averagefixedcost）14、平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。
15、8、平均产品（Averageproduct）16、平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。
17、9、平均可变成本（Averagevariablecost）18、平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。
19、10、投资的β(Beta）20、β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。
对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。
21、11、债券收益(Bondyield）12、债券收益是债券所获得的利率。
13、12、收支平衡图（Break－evenchart）14、收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。
收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。
15、13、预算线(Budgetline）16、预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。
它的斜率等于商品X 的价格除以商品Y的价格再乘以一1。
17、14、捆绑销售（Bundling）18、捆绑销售指这样一种市场营销手段，出售两种产品的厂商，要求购买其中一种产品的客户，也要购买另一种产品。
19、15、资本（Capital）20、资本是指用于生产、销售及商品和服务分配的设备、厂房、存货、原材料和其他非人力生产资源。
21、16、资本收益（Capitalgain）22、资本收益是指人们卖出股票（或其他资产）时所获得的超过原来为它支付的那一部分。
23、17、资本主义（Capitalism）24、资本主义是一种市场体系，它依赖价格体系去解决基本的经济问题：生产什么？如何生产？怎样分配？经济增长率应为多少？25、18、基数效用(Cardinalutility）26、基数效用是指像个人的体重或身高那样在基数的意义上可以度量的效用（它意味着效用之间的差别，即边际效用，是有意义的）。
序数效用与它相反，它只在序数的层面上才有意义。
27、19、卡特尔（Cartel）28、卡特尔是指厂商之间为了合谋而签订公开和正式协议这样一种市场结构形态。
29、20、科布一道格拉斯生产函数（Cobb-Douglasproductionfunction）30、科布一道格拉斯生产函数是指这样的生产函数Q=AL"IK"231、Mi3。
式中，Q为产量；L为劳动的数量；K为资本的数量；M为原材料的数量；A，3 1，12，23均为常数。
32、21、勾结（Collision）22、勾结是指一个厂商和同业内其他的厂商签订有关价格、产量和其他事宜的协议。
23、22、比较优势（Comparativeadvantage）24、如果与生产其他商品的成本相比，一个国家生产的某种产品的成本比另一个国家低，那么，该国就在这种商品的生产上与另一个国家相比具有比较优势。
25、23、互补品（Complements）26、如果X和Y是互补品，X的需求量就与Y的价格成反向变化。
27、24、成本不变行业（Constant-costindustry）28、成本不变的行业是指具有水平的长期供给曲线的行业，它的扩大并不会引起投入品价格的上升或下降。
29、25、规模收益不变（Constantreturnstoscale）30、如果所有投入品的数量都以相同的百分数增加，并导致产量也以相同的百分数增加，就是规模收益不变的。
31、26、消费者剩余（Consumersurplus）32、消费者剩余是指消费者愿意为某种商品或服务所支付的最大数量与他实际支付的数量之差。
33、27、可竞争市场（Contestablemarket）34、可竞争市场是指那种进入完全自由以及退出没有成本的市场。
可竞争市场的本质在于它们很容易受到打了就跑的进入者的伤害。
35、28、契约曲线（Contractcurve）36、契约曲线是（在消费者之间进行交换时）两个消费者的边际替代率相等的点的轨迹，或者（在生产者之间进行交换时）两个生产者的边际技术替代率相等的点的轨迹。
37、29、角点解（Cornersolution）38、角点解是指这样一种情形，预算线在位于坐标轴上的点处达到最高的可获得的无差异曲线。
（在生产者理论中也会发生类似的情况。
）39、30、需求的交叉弹性（Crosselasticityofdemand）40、需求的交叉弹性是指商品Y的价格发生1％的变化时所引起的商品X的需求量变化的百分比。
41、31、垄断的无谓损失（Deadweightlossofmonopoly）42、如果一个完全竞争的市场转变为一个垄断的市场，这种转变所带来的总剩余的减少就是无谓损失。
43、32、买方垄断的无谓损失（Deadweightlossofmonopsony）44、如果一个完全竞争的市场转变成一个买方垄断的市场，这种转变所带来的总剩余的减少即为无谓损失。
45、33、成本递减行业（Decreasing-costindustry）46、成本递减行业是指具有向下倾斜的长期供给曲线的行业，它的扩大会引起平均成本下降。
47、34、规模收益递减（Decreasingreturntoscale）48、如果所有投入品的数量都以相同的百分数增加，并导致产量增加的百分数小于该百分数，就是规模收益递减的。
49、35、需求曲线（Demandcurve）50、需求曲线表示在每一价格下所需求的商品数量。
51、36、可贷资金的需求曲线（Demandcurveofloanablefunds）52、可贷资金的需求曲线表示可贷资金的需求量与利率二者之间的关系。
53、37、贴现率（Discountrate）54、当利率用于计算投资的净现值时，它被称为贴现率。
55、38、可分散风险(Diversifiablerisk）56、可以通过多样化来避免的风险是可分散风险。
57、39、主导厂商（Dominantfirm）58、在寡头垄断的行业中，主导厂商是一个制定价格的大型厂商，它允许该行业中的小厂商在此价格下销售它们想出售的全部数量的商品。
59、40、优势策略（Dominantstrategy）60、不论其他局中人采取什么策略，优势策略对一个局中人而言都是最好的策略。
61、41、双头垄断（Duopoly)42、双头垄断是指有两个卖主这样一种市场结构。
古诺模型，以及其他模型中都涉及双头垄断。
43、42、经济效率（Economicefficiency）44、经济效率是指这样一种状况，所进行的任何改变都不会给任何人带来损失而能增加一些人的福利。
这样一种状态就是经济的有效率状况（或者帕累托效率或帕累托最优）。
45、43、经济利润（Economicprofit）46、经济利润是指厂商的收益与它的成本之差，后者包括从最有利的另外一种厂商资源的使用中可以获得的收益。
47、44、生产的经济区域（Economicregionofproduction）48、生产的经济区域是指等产量线斜率为负的投入品组合。
没有一个厂商会在等产量线斜率为正的点上运行，因为在这种点上总会有一种投入品的边际产品为负。
49、45、经济资源（Economicresource）50、经济资源是指一种稀缺的、要求一个非零价格的资源。
51、46、范围经济（Economiesofscope）52、范围经济是指由厂商的范围而非规模带来的经济。
只要把两种或更多的产品合并在一起生产比分开来生产的成本要低，就会存在范围经济。
53、47、有效市场假说（Efficientmarketshypothesis）54、根据这一假设，投资者在买卖股票时会迅速有效地利用可能的信息.所有已知的影响一种股票价格的因素都已经反映在股票的价格中，因此根据这一理论，股票的技术分析是无效的。
（这个假设有三种形式。
）55、48、财富状况（Endowmentposition）56、财富状况是指消费者每年的收人。
57、49、恩格尔曲线（Engelcurve）58、恩格尔曲线反映的是所购买的一种商品的均衡数量与消费者收入水平之间的关系。
它是以19世纪德国的统计学家恩斯特•恩格尔的名字命名的。
59、50、均衡（Equilibrium）60、均衡是指没有任何变化趋势的状态。
例如，均衡价格就是一种能够维持的价格。
61、62、51、过剩生产能力（Excesscapacity）63、过剩生产能力是指成本最低产量与长期均衡中的实际产量之差。
垄断竞争理论有一个著名的且颇有争论的结论，它认为这种市场结构之下的厂商往往会在还有过剩生产能力的情况下进行生产。
64、52、扩张路径(Expansionpath）65、扩张路径是指与各种产量相对应的等产量线与等成本线相切的点的轨迹。
（所有投入品都是可变的。
）66、53、期望货币价值（Expectedmonetaryvale）67、为了确定一项投机的期望货币价值，计算每一种可能出现的结果的货币收益（或损失）与其出现的概率相乘以后的和。
68、54、预期利润（Expectedprofit）69、预期利润就是长期的平均利润值，也就是用所出现的概率加权以后的各种可能的利润水平之和。
70、55、完全信息的预期价值（Expectedvalueofperfectinformation）71、完全信息的预期价值是指决策者获得完全信息所导致的预期的货币价值的增加。
它是决策者为获得完全的信息而能支付的最大数量。
72、56、显成本（Explicitcosts）73、显成本是指账目上所包括的厂商的正常费用，诸如工资成本和原材料支付。
74、57、外部不经济（Externaldiseconomy）75、外部不经济是指由于消费或者其他人和厂商的产出所引起的一个人或厂商无法补偿的成本。