05上海大学英美文学史考研真题

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2005年上海大学中外电影史考研试题

上海大学2005年中外电影史考研试题
一、名词解释（每题3分，任选10题）
1．《北方的纳努克》
2．石挥
3．《神女》
4．特吕弗
5．黄建新
6．让。

雷诺阿
7．台湾新电影运动
8．左翼电影
9．《武训传》
10．三突出
11．《偷自行车的人》
二、简答（每题10分，任选4道）
1．简述“十七年电影”的主要样式，是否还有其它样式？他们各自的代表作品？
2．简述1920年代“苏联蒙太奇学派”的代表人物，及其贡献（至少三位）？
3．简述“新浪潮”的代表人物及其代表作（至少2名）？
4．简述陈凯歌的创作历程及其代表作品？
5．简述“文华”公司及其代表作（至少2部）？
6．简述“新时期”论述“长镜头”和“纪实美学”的代表人物和他们的代表作（至少2名）？
三、论述题（任选1道，每题30分，要求300字以上）
1．根据亲身体会谈谈你对“谢晋电影模式”的看法？
2．评郑洞天“仅仅七年”一段话？（引用:梵高的耳朵:“电影作为艺术家表现个人经验和思考的媒介从仅仅作为政治宣传工具中分化，一类电影向……分化，一类电影向……分化”（《百年中国电影理论文选》P249第二段中间）关于这段话结合自己的经验进行分析)
四、影评，字数800以上，任选一部，满分50。

大约有《十面埋伏》，《霸王别姬》，《和你在一起》，《暖》，《手机》，《谁说我不在乎》，《美丽的大脚》，《后天》，《2046》等
w w w .21k e t a n g .c o m。

考研英语2005年真题

考研英语2005年真题考研英语2005年真题解析IntroductionThe purpose of this article is to analyze and provide a comprehensive review of the 2005 English exam for the postgraduate entrance examination (PGEE) in China. The 2005 exam is chosen as it provides an insightful look into the exam format, question types, and difficulty level of the English section.Exam Format and StructureThe English section of the 2005 PGEE consisted of two parts: Part A - Translation and Part B - Reading Comprehension. Both parts required a high level of English language proficiency, reading comprehension skills, and the ability to convey meaning accurately.Part A - TranslationIn this section, candidates were required to translate a Chinese passage into English. The passage tested the candidates' skills in both the Chinese and English languages. It aimed to assess their understanding of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure in both languages.Part B - Reading ComprehensionThis section comprised multiple reading passages with accompanying questions. The passages varied in terms of content and complexity, with topics ranging from literature, science, current affairs, and social issues. Thequestions tested candidates' ability to comprehend the main ideas, infer meaning from context, and identify specific information from the readings.Question Types and Difficulty LevelThe 2005 English exam included various question types to evaluate candidates' language skills and comprehension abilities, such as multiple-choice, true/false, and short answer questions. The difficulty level of the questions ranged from intermediate to advanced, challenging the candidates' knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, and reading strategies.Analysis and TipsPerformance in the Translation section heavily relied on a candidate's understanding of both the Chinese and English languages. It emphasized the importance of mastering grammar rules, idiomatic expressions, and sentence structures in both languages. To excel in this section, candidates should strive to enhance their translation abilities through consistent practice and exposure to authentic Chinese and English texts.The Reading Comprehension section required candidates to possess strong reading skills, including skimming, scanning, and in-depth reading. A key tip to improve performance in this section is to practice reading extensively and diversely. Candidates should read a variety of English articles, newspapers, and literature to familiarize themselves with different writing styles and develop a broad vocabulary.ConclusionThe 2005 PGEE English exam presented challenges in translation and reading comprehension. It emphasized the importance of languageproficiency and reading skills for postgraduate study. Candidates should focus on improving their language abilities, expanding their vocabulary, and enhancing their reading strategies to achieve success in similar exams. Remember, consistent practice and exposure to authentic English texts are the keys to success in the English section of the PGEE.。

1995-2005英语考研真题及答案

1. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly _B_ regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.2. A _D sketch of the long report by the budget committed was submitted to the mayor for approval.3. A man has to make _C provision for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.4. The newly-built Science Building seems _C__ substantial_ enough to last a hundred years.5. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are _A entitled to free medical care.6. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at B stake7. I felt _D_ bored _ to death because I could make nothing of the chairman’s speech.8. When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at C fault9. Y our advice would be _A exceedingly valuable to him, who is at present at his wit’s end.10. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to _A answer for the consequences.11. The river is already _D flush with its banks because of excessive rainfall; and the city is threatened with a likely flood.12. People _B anticipated that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today.13. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or _A adapted for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic programmed for the reading skills.14. The mother said she would _C_ let off _ her son washing the dished if he could finish his assignment before supper.15. We should always keep in mind that _B hasty decisions often lead to bitter regrets.16. John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages _A missing in the dictionary.17. In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women D pursuing this field is climbing.18. The supervisor didn’t have time so far to go into it _A at hand , but he gave us an idea about his plan.19. Their demand for a pay raise has not the slightest _A prospect of being met.20. It’s usually the case that people seldom behave in a _B rational _ way when in a furious state.1. When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them _A_off___.2. The wealth of a country should be measured _B_ in terms of _ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.3. He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any _D reliance on what he promises.4. My students found the book _A enlightening : it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.5. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _C_ drag down the economy.6. In this factory the machines are not regulated _A independently _ but are jointly controlled by a central computer system.7. Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causes energy to be _A given off in some form.8. If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be motivated to work hard, with the result that incomes from taxation might actually _A_ shrink _.9. American companies are evolving from mass-production manufacturing to _C flexible enterprises.10. If you know what the trouble is, why don’t you help them to _D_ rectify the situation?11. I can’t _A_ figure out _ what has happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning.12. I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat _C_ refusal.13. From this material we can _A derive _ hundreds of what you may call direct products.14. She had clearly no _C intention of doing any work, although she was very well paid.15. What seems confusing or fragmented at first might well become _D clear and organic a third time.16. The public opinion was that the time was not _B ripe for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.17. Hudson said he could not kill a living thing except for the _D_ motive of hunger.18. For the new country to survive, _B_ let alone for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.19. Foreign disinvestment and the _C__ exclusion of South Africa from world capital markets after 1985 further weakened its economy.20. When a number of people _D cluster _ together in a conversational knot, each individual expresses his position in the group by where he stands.1. The machine needs a complete _C mending _ since it has been in use for over ten years.2. There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds, so I only caught a _B glimpse _ of him.3. I don’t think it’s wise of you to _D show off _ your greater knowledge in front of the director, for it may offend him.4. The returns in the short _D_ term _ may be small, but over a number of years the investment will be well repaid.5. A thorough study of biology requires _D_ familiarity with the properties of trees and plants, and the habit of birds and beasts.6. She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would _A_ justify _ her long effort.7. I’m very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to _C write off my debt in return for certain services.8. Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great _B sensation.9. According to what you have just said, am I to understand that his new post _C_ carries _ no responsibility with it at all?10. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his _B reaction _ to a certain book or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied.11. Please __A_ restrain _____ yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them.12. Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on the functions of _A_ practically every business operation in the whole country.13. Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion, _D in contrast to _ the $160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.14. He is planning another tour abroad, yet his passport will _A_______ at the end of this month.[A] expire [B] exceed [C] terminate [D] cease15. All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read _B_ affectionate _ letters from their families.16. Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to _C_ reverse _, or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.17. I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite _A arbitrary _.18. The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetables no longer _C_ fluctuated according to the weather.19. The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not _B further their prospect of promotion.20. In what __D amounts _to a last minute stay of execution, a council announced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites.1. An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to _A_ stimulate further research and further thinking about a particular topic.2. Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical _D considerations _.3. Life insurance is financial protection for dependents against loss _C_as a result of the bread-winner’s dea th.4. In education there should be a good _B_ balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment.5. The American dream is most _A_ plausible _ during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism.6. Poverty is not _C__ prevalent _ in most cities although, perhaps because of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it is more visible there.7. People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in _A_ densely _ populated areas.8. As a way of _B_ coping with _ the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.9. Tom’s mother tried hard to persuade him to _D back down from his intention to invest his savings in stock market.10. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical _ C_ intervention __, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.11. These causes produced the great change in the country that modernized the _C_ domain _ of higher education from the mid-1860’s to the mid-1880’s.12. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the _B shakiness in the financial system will drag down the economy.13. Crisis would be the right term to describe the _D decline in many animal species.14. The city is an important railroad _C_ junction and industrial and convention center.15. Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to _C avail _myself of every chance to improve my English.16. Researchers discovered that plants infected with a virus give off a gas that _B activates disease resistance in neighboring plants.17. Corporations and labor unions have _A_ conferred great benefits upon their employees and members as well as upon the general public.18. The movement of the moon conveniently provided the unit of month, which was _B reckoned _ from one new moon to the next.19. The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was _D irrelevant to the issue at hand.20. Fuel scarcities and price increases _B prompted automobile designers to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.1. He spoke so _B_ convincingly _ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.2. France’s __D resumption _ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.3.The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, _C_ sparked_ an outburst of interest.4. His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties _A_ came off __.5.The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually _D_ steer it in a profitable direction.6. The capital intended to broaden the export base and _A_ secure _ efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.7. It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be _C reclaimed _ at the manager’s office.8. When I _D came to _ my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.9. The American society is _A_ established on an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.10. I am not _B_ compatible _ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.11. At first, the _B_ transmission of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.12. When the committee _A__ got down __ to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.13. _B_ Access _ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.14. Mr. Smith had an unusual _D_career : he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.15. The mayor is a woman with great _C integrity _ and therefore deserves our political and financial support.16. The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest _A_speculation to everyone.17. The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs _A__ renders _____ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.18. To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be _D_ punctual _, and display interest in the job.19. Y ou don’t have to install this radio in your new car, it’s an __B_ optional _____ extra.20. We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery di dn’t _C_ add _ to the traffic jam of the busy city.11. He is too young to be able to __B_ discern _ between right and wrong.12. It was no ____A_ coincidence ___ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.13. One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships __B_ dutifully _____ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.14. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be __C__ indifferent to the welfare of his animals.15. The chairman of the board ___C_ pressed _ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.16. It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _C once for all .17. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in __D_ disharmony __ and lack of unity in style.18. The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once ______A_ thrived _.19. However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ____C_ offset ___ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.20. Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _B__ company _____.21. When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as _D_ foreign ______.22. My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I C_ stumbled upon at a garage sale.23. Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could __B_ decline __.24.Equipment not _A conforming to official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.25. As an industry, biotechnology stands to __C_ rival _____ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.26. The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ____A_ autonomy ___ for the states and liberty for individuals.27. For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost _D exclusively as microorganisms.28. The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _B obsolete_, particularly in Western Europe.29. Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just B hypothetical and needs proving.30. The future of this company is __ D at stake ___: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses.。

考研英语冲刺：2005年考研英语阅读真题和答案

考研英语冲刺：2005年考研英语阅读真题和答案2005年考研英语阅读真题和答案Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as 'all too human', with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They aregood-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.1. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by[A] posing a contrast.[B] justifying an assumption.[C] making a comparison.[D] explaining a phenomenon.2. The statement "it is all too monkey" (Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.3. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for theresearch most probably because they are[A] more inclined to weigh what they get.[B] attentive to researchers' instructions.[C] nice in both appearance and temperament.[D] more generous than their male companions.4. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers.[B] can be taught to exchange things.[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.[D] are unhappy when separated from others.5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.参考答案：CBACBText 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insistedthat we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report: "Science never has all the answer. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions."Just as on smoking, voice now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming isincomplete, that it's OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent people of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research - a classic case of "paralysis by analysis."To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.6. An argument made by supporters of smoking wasthat.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense7. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as[A] a protector.[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide8. What does the author mean by "paralysis by analysis" (Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth[C] Prudent planning hinders progress[D] Extensive research helps decision-making9. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants[B] Raise public awareness of conservation[C] Press for further scientific research[D] Take some legislative measures10. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because[A] they both suffered from the government's negligence.[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse.参考答案：CDADB Text 3Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears, by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise" - the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these intenselypowerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it, change it"Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep - when most vivid dreams occur - as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active, while the prefronted cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day," says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day'sevents - until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in a panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feeling. Sleep - or rather dream - on it and you'll feel better in the morning.11. Researchers have come to believe that dreams[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs12. By referring to the limbic system, the authorintends to show[A] it's function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex13. The Negative feelings generated during the day tend to[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night14. Cartwright seems to suggest that[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious15. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual[B] Seek professional help[C] Exercise conscious control[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime参考答案：ACDDA Text 4Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of language and Music and why We should, Like, Care, John Mcwhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, see the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr Mcwhorter's academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom", for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, "doing our own thing," has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960'seven the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. Mcwhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive - there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas, He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seemold-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. Mcwhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical educational reforms - he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.We now take our English "on paper plates instead of china" A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.16. According to Mcwhorter, the decline of formal English[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over thecounter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s17. The word "talking" (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality18. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are justas entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.19. The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author's[A] interest in their language.[B] appreciation of their efforts.[C] admiration for their memory.[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness.20. According to the last paragraph, "paper plates" is to "china" as[A] "temporary" is to "permanent."[B] "radical" is to "conservative"[C] "functional" is to "artistic"[D] "humble" is to "noble"参考答案：BDABC【。

2005年上海大学法理学考研真题

2005年上海大学法理学考研真题一、名词解释（每小题8分，共40分）1.部门法——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————2.目的解释——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————3.法的历史类型——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————4.大陆法系——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————5.法律事件——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————二、简答题（每小题15分，共45分）1.法与商品经济、市场经济关系是怎样演进的? ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————2.如何理解我国社会主义法与共产党政策的关系? ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————3.法在规范微观经济行为中的作用有哪些? ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————三、案例分析题（25分）1、某新加坡居民（投资公司董事长），受中国某公司委托，以其银码向恒生银行抵押，为中国某公司开立美元信用证，保证了进口货物到港后，中国某公司以人民币与新加坡投资公司结算，此举被公安机关以违法查办。

考研真题英语一2005-2019答案(速查版)

考研真题英语一2005-2019答案(速查版)考研真题英语一2005-2019答案(速查版)2005年真题答案：Section I: Use of English1-5: DBEAC6-10: GFBED11-15: CAFBG16-20: CBGAFSection II: Reading ComprehensionPassage One:21-24: DCBC25-28: ADAE29-32: GDBC33-35: FBAPassage Two:36-40: HBEAD41-45: DBAGCPassage Three:46-50: BCDBD51-55: ACBBCSection III: Translation56. personnel management57. economic depression58. promote international cooperation59. achieve mutual benefits60. keep pace withSection IV: WritingPart A:61. There can be no doubt that (changes in traditional attitudes towards marriage) can lead to profound social and cultural changes.62. In conclusion, although (the pressure on students is heavier than ever before), it does not mean that they enjoy more academic freedom.63. As can be seen from the charts/graph, (the number of smokers has decreased remarkably) over the past decade.64. There are three reasons for this phenomenon, (as follows). First of all, (high education costs) can deter many students from pursuing higher education.Part B:(注意这是一篇作文，所以格式会略有不同，以下只给出大纲)Introduction:- Briefly introduce the topic and mention the importance of studying abroad.Body:- Discuss the advantages of studying abroad, such as exposure to different cultures, language skills improvement, and personal growth, providing examples and supporting evidence.- Discuss the challenges and difficulties that students may face when studying abroad, such as homesickness and cultural shock, providing examples and supporting evidence.- Discuss ways to overcome these challenges and make the most out of the study abroad experience, providing suggestions and advice.Conclusion:- Summarize the main points discussed in the essay and emphasize the overall benefits of studying abroad.2006年真题答案：Section I: Use of English1-5: CBEDA6-10: EACBD11-15: CBEDF16-20: GFDACSection II: Reading Comprehension Passage One:21-24: BADD25-28: ACBD29-32: CBGD33-35: BACPassage Two:36-40: GAEFD41-45: CFBHGPassage Three:46-50: BBCDA51-55: ADDBBSection III: Translation56. continues to function57. for fear that58. regardless of59. poses a threat to60. in a senseSection IV: WritingPart A:61. Furthermore, the government should allocate more funding to support scientific research in order to (promote technological innovation).62. It is advisable for colleges and universities to (improve career guidance services) for students seeking employment after graduation.63. There are three reasons for this phenomenon, (as follows). Firstly, (the popularity of online shopping) has led to the decline of traditional brick-and-mortar stores.64. In conclusion, (effective communication) plays a vital role in building and maintaining a harmonious relationship between individuals.Part B:(注意这是一篇作文，所以格式会略有不同，以下只给出大纲)Introduction:- Introduce the topic and present a brief overview of the advantages and disadvantages of globalization.Body:- Discuss the benefits of globalization, such as increased global connectivity, economic growth, and cultural exchange, providing examples and supporting evidence.- Discuss the challenges and negative effects of globalization, such as economic inequality, loss of cultural identity, and environmental degradation, providing examples and supporting evidence.- Discuss possible solutions and measures to maximize the benefits of globalization while minimizing the negative impacts, providing suggestions and recommendations.Conclusion:- Summarize the main points discussed in the essay and emphasize the importance of finding a balance between globalization and preserving local identities and environmental sustainability.以上是根据题目给出的“考研真题英语一2005-2019答案(速查版)”来回答的文章。

2005年4月自考英美文学选读试卷及答案

PART ONE （40 POINTS） I. Multiple Choice （40 points in all, 1 for each） Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your choice on the answer sheet. 1.The most significant idea of the Renaissance is（）.A. humanismB. realismC. naturalismD. skepticism 2.Shakespeare's tragedies include all the following except（）. A. Hamlet and King Lear B. Antony and Cleopatra and Macbeth C. Julius Caesar and Othello D. The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night's Dream 3.The statement “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability”opens one of well-known essays by（）.A. Francis BaconB. Samuel JohnsonC. Alexander PopeD. Jonathan Swift 4.In Hardy's Wessex novels, there is an apparent（）touch in his description of the simple though primitive rural life.A. nostalgicB. humorousC. romanticD. ironic 5.Backbite, Sneerwell, and Lady Teazle are characters in the play The School for Scandal by（）.A. Christopher MarloweB. Ben JonsonC. Richard Brinsley SheridanD. George Bernard Shaw 6.Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a“（）in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. tragic epicB. comic epicC. romanceD. lyric epic 7.In his poem “Tyger, Tyger,”William Blake expresses his perception of the“fearful symmetry”of the big cat. The phrase“fearful symmetry”suggests（）. A. the tiger's two eyes which are dazzlingly bright and symmetrically set B. the poet's fear of the predator C. the analogy of the hammer and the anvil D. the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God's creation 8.“What is his name?” “Bingley.” “Is he married or single?” “Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!” The above dialogue must be taken from（）. A. Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice B. Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights C. John Galsworthy's The Forsyte Saga D. George Eliot's Middlemarch 9.The short story“Araby”is one of the stories in James Joyce's collection（）. A. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man B. Ulysses C. Finnegans Wake D. Dubliners 10.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following except（）. A. the using of everyday language spoken by the common people B. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings C. the humble and rustic life as subject matter D. elegant wording and inflated figures of speech 11.Here are two lines taken from The Merchant of Venice:“Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew/Thou mak'st thy knife keen.”What kind of figurative device is used in the above lines? （）A. Simile.B. Metonymy.C. Pun.D. Synecdoche. 12.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”is an epigrammatic line by（）.A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley 13.The poems such as“The Chimney Sweeper”are found in both Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by（）.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. John KeatsD. Lord Gordon Byron 14.John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress is often regarded as a typical example of（）.A. allegoryB. romanceC. epic in proseD. fable 15.Alexander Pope strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by（）rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.A. classicalB. romanticC. sentimentalD. allegorical 16.In his essay“Of Studies,”Bacon said:“Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and（）.”A. skimmedB. perfectedC. imitatedD. digested 17.“For I have known them all already, known them all—/Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons,/I have measured out my life with coffee spoons.”The above lines are taken from（）. A. Wordsworth's “The Solitary Reaper” B. Eliot's“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” C. Coleridge's“Kubla Khan” D. Yeats's“The Lake Isle of Innisfree” 18.（The）（）was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.A. RomanticismB. HumanismC. EnlightenmentD. Sentimentalism 19.A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of（）, who never pays any attention to human feelings.A. moralityB. justiceC. propertyD. humor 20.The typical feature of Robert Browning's poetry is the （）.A. bitter satireB. larger-than-life caricatureC. Latinized dictionD. dramatic monologue 21.George Bernard Shaw's play, Mrs. Warren's Profession is a grotesquely realistic exposure of the（）.A. slum landlordismB. political corruption in EnglandC. economic oppression of womenD. religious corruption in England 22.The story starting with the marriage of Paul's parents Walter Morel and Mrs. Morel must be （）. A. Thomas Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles B. D. H. Lawrence's Sons and Lovers C. George Eliot's Middlemarch D. Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre 23.In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fame on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is（）. A. Washington Irving B. Ralph Waldo Emerson C. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Walt Whitman 24.The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his“black vision.”The term“black vision”refers to（）. A. Hawthorne's observation that every man faces a black wall B. Hawthorne's belief that all men are by nature evil C. that Hawthorne employed a dream vision to tell his story D. that Puritans of Hawthorne's time usually wore black clothes 25.Theodore Dreiser was once criticized for his（）in style, but as a true artist his strength just lies in that his style is very serious and well calculated to achieve the thematic ends he sought.A. crudenessB. eleganceC. concisenessD. subtlety 26.“He is the last of the romantic heroes, whose energy and sense of commitment take him in search of his personal Grail; his failure magnifies to a great extent the end of the American Dream.”The character referred to in the passage is most likely the protagonist of（）. A. Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby B. Dreiser's An American Tragedy C. Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls D. Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 27.Almost all Faulkner's heroes turned out to be tragic because（）. A. all enjoyed living in the declining American South B. none of them was conditioned by the civilization and social institutions C. most of them were prisoners of the past D. none were successful in their attempt to explain the inexplicable 28.Yank, the protagonist of Eugene O'Neill's play The Hairy Ape, talked to the gorilla and set it free because（）. A. he was mad, mistaking a beast for a human B. he was told by the white young lady that he was like a beast and he wanted to see how closely he resembled the gorilla C. he was caged with the gorilla after he insulted an aristocratic stroller D. he could feel the kinship only with the beast 29.In（）, Robert Frost compares life to a journey, and he is doubtful whether he will regret his choice or not when he is old, because the choice has made all the difference. A. “After Apple-Picking” B. “The Road Not Taken” C. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” D. “Fire and Ice” 30.Though Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson were romantic poets in theme and technique, they differ from each other in a variety of ways. For one thing, whereas Whitman likes to keep his eye on human society at large, Dickinson often addresses such issues as（）, immortality, religion, love and nature.A. progressB. freedomC. beautyD. death 31.The Romantic Writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the（）in the American literary history.A. individual feelingB. survival of the fittestC. strong imaginationD. return to nature 32.Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be（）.A. transcendentalistsB. optimistsC. pessimistsD. idealists 33.With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene,（）became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.A. SentimentalismB. RomanticismC. RealismD. Naturalism 34.American writers after World War I self-consciously acknowledged that they were（a）“（）,”devoid of faith and alienated from the Western civilization.A. Lost GenerationB. Beat GenerationC. Sons of LibertyD. Angry Young Men 35.In（）, Washington Irving agrees with the protagonist on his preference of the past to the present, and of a dream-like world to the real world.A. “Young Goodman Brown”B.“Rip Van Winkle”C. “Rappaccini's Daughter”D.“Bartleby, the Scrivener” 36.Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely characters in（）.A. The House of the Seven GablesB. The Scarlet LetterC. The Portrait of a LadyD. The Pioneers 37.Like Nathaniel Hawthorne,（）also manages to achieve the effect of ambiguity through symbolism and allegory in his narratives.A. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. R. W. EmersonD. Herman Melville。

英语考研2005真题答案

英语考研2005真题答案英语考研，即全国硕士研究生入学考试中的英语科目，是许多考研学生必须面对的挑战之一。

2005年的英语考研真题及其答案，对于准备考研的学生来说，是一份宝贵的学习资料。

以下是2005年英语考研真题的部分答案，供参考：阅读理解部分1. 第一篇阅读文章主要讨论了全球化对经济和文化的影响。

根据文章内容，第一题的正确答案是B，即全球化促进了国际贸易和文化交流。

2. 第二篇阅读文章探讨了教育的重要性及其在个人发展中的作用。

第二题的正确答案是C，指出教育是个人成长和社会发展的关键。

3. 第三篇阅读文章分析了环境保护的必要性和当前面临的挑战。

第三题的正确答案是A，强调了公众意识在环境保护中的重要性。

完形填空部分1. 第一空的正确答案是“achieved”，表示某人实现了某个目标。

2. 第五空的正确答案是“consequences”，指的是某个行为或决策可能带来的结果或影响。

3. 第十空的正确答案是“innovative”，用来形容一种新颖的或创新的方法或想法。

翻译部分1. 中文句子“我们应该尊重每个人的选择，无论他们的决定是否符合我们的期望。

”的英文翻译是“W e should respect everyone's choices, regardless of whether their decisions meet our expectations.”2. 中文句子“科技进步不仅改变了我们的生活方式，也极大地推动了社会的发展。

”的英文翻译是“Technological advancements havenot only changed our way of life but also greatly propelledthe development of society.”写作部分2005年的写作题目是关于“网络对教育的影响”，以下是一篇可能的范文：In recent years, the internet has become an integral part of our lives, and its impact on education is profound. Firstly, the internet provides a vast array of resources that were previously inaccessible. Students can now access a wealth of information and educational materials with just a few clicks, which greatly facilitates their learning process.Secondly, online learning platforms have made education more flexible and convenient. Students can learn at their own pace and on their own schedule, which is particularly beneficialfor those who need to balance work and study.However, the internet also poses some challenges to education. For instance, the abundance of information can sometimes be overwhelming, and students may struggle to discern reliablesources from unreliable ones. Additionally, the lack of face-to-face interaction in online learning can make it difficult for students to engage with their peers and instructors.In conclusion, while the internet has undoubtedly revolutionized education, it is important for educators and students alike to navigate its benefits and challenges effectively.请注意，以上内容仅为示例，具体的真题答案需要参考官方发布的资料或权威解析。

考研英语真题答案解析-05英语考研真题解析之欧阳科创编

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section I Use of English (10 points)1-5. CBACB 6-10. ADADB 11-15. CADCD 16-20. BCDABSection II Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. CBACB 26-30. CDADB 31-35. ACDDA 36-40. BDABCPart B (10 points) 41-45. ECGFBPart C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。

也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。

47. 多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。

这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。

48. 仅这一点就表明在电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域。

这个事实通过统计数字一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于50%。

49. 创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。

正是这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带。

50. 在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去。

”Section Ⅲ Writing (30 points)Part A (10 points) A Letter, to QuitJun 22, 2005 Dear Mr. Wang,First of all, please allow me to express my deep sorry to you for my resignation. I do know that this will bring about much trouble to you so that I write to you for my explanation.I decided to quit for some reasons as follows. To begin with, the job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions is not suitable to me. What’s more, I’m preparing for another degree and I prefer to further my study. Again, I apologize for my resignation to you!I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming Part B (20 points)A Helpless FatherThe picture ironically shows that a pitiable old man in rags is being helplessly kicked off by his three sons and a daughter, who all wear decent clothes. The father’s negligent children are all guarding their home gates lest their old father “roll into” their households. In other words, they four ignore their moral sense of assuming the responsibility for their old father even though they may be all living a satisfying life. That is a painful scene we often encounter in our daily life.Sad to say, the moral decline of the younger generations may be a rather explosive situation in our modern society. People definitely have their living conditions improved by wider and wider margins, as evidenced by the four children’s decent dressing, but their moral sense still remains sadly unchanged or in some cases becomes dramatically downgrading. Most people might have become too much self-centered, and even worse, they discard the tradition of giving respect to the elderly. They no longer care for their elders, let alone their neighbors or the disadvantaged; instead they try every means to avoid responsibility for other citizens. When one cares for others, one might even appear stupid or may even be distrusted.Therefore, we have to take some useful measures to avoid the scene that is mentioned above. We mustlaunch a variety of campaigns about the return to the good tradition of giving help and love the elderly. Moreover, we must appeal to our government to establish some relevant laws to punish those who avoid their duties. The last but not the least, our respect for age is an indication of the progress of human society, as imperatives of traditions require. We sincerely wish that the old man could be welcome to any of the four households, elegantly dressed, and a smile on the face.2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1. C 空格前讲的是，和动物相比，人的嗅觉常被认为不灵敏，空格后讲的是，…这主要是因为，…动物，我们是直立的。

05年考研英语真题(题目选项版)

05Text 121. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________.[A] posing a contrast[B] justifying an assumption[C] making a comparison[D] explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.[A] more inclined to weigh what they get[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions[C] nice in both appearance and temperament[D] more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers[B] can be taught to exchange things[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated[D] are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 226. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ________.[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ________.[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?[A] Endless studies kill action.[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.[C] Press for further scientific research.[D] Take some legislative measures.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because ________.[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D] both of them have turned from bad to worseText 331. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 436. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms[B] is but all too natural in language development[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37. The word “talking” (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes ________.[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.[A] interest in their language[B] appreciation of their efforts[C] admiration for their memory[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china”as ________.[A] “temporary” is to “permanent”[B] “radical” is to “conservative”[C] “functional” is to “artistic”[D] “humble” is to “noble”__。

上海外国语大学考研真题英语综合2005[答案]

上海外国语大学2005硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语综合(满分150分，考试时间180分钟。

)参考答案1.Fill in each of the blanks below with a word provided in the brackets. The words you put in must be grammatically and semantically appropriate. You can only use the words in the brackets ONCE. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1 differently2 best3 well4 those5 potential6 norm7 breaks8 feel9 deliberately 10 patterns11 browsing 12 tiredness 13 health 14 anticipated 15 absoluteII. This section contains twenty multiple-choice questions on antonyms. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet1-5 C A B A B6-10 C A D D A11-15 B C C D C16-20 D C B C DIII. Read the following passages carefully and complete the tasks. Write your answers an the Answer Sheet1-5 B B A C D6-10 C D A C AText C11 To preserve extremely refined etiquette12 basic normal duties such as respect for age; practical rules such as making proper introduction at a party13 A knight held platonic love to a lady and woman should be of virtue and gentleness14 wealthy and leisured society15 although common people didn’t have a complicated code of manner, the essence of politeness of common people doesn’t vary much from that of high society’s.Text D16 His character, or his moral quality, is the writer most critical of17 A scoundrel who did very well as a radio broadcaster18 Few of his political opinions were original, and most of them were copied from fellow celebrities19 From this word we can guess that women listeners didn’t like him20 In a sarcastic tone the author makes commentIV. This section contains two tasks. Complete the tasks according to the instructions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.TASK ONE。

英美文学历年真题

全国2005年7月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题Ⅰ. Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)1.With classical culture and the（）humanistic ideas coming into England, the English Renaissance began flourishing.A. FrenchB. GermanC. ItalianD. Greek2.“Co me live with me and be my love, / And we will all the pleasures prove / That valleys, groves, hills, and fields, / Woods, or steepy mountain yields.”The above lines are taken from Marlowe’s “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”, which derives from the （）tradition.A. pastoralB. heroicC. romanticD. realistic3.“Metaphysical conceit”is a strategy characteristic of John Donne’s poetry. It is（）.A. a confession that avoids questions of moral accountabilityB. the linking of images from very different ranges of experienceC. self-definition through images based on the four primal elementsD. the chaining of images representing solid and gaseous elements4.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 includes three stanzas according to the content with these last two lines as a（）, which completes the sense of the above lines.A. preludeB. coupletC. epigraphD. exposition5.“Therefore at this fair are all such merchandise sold, as houses, lands, trades, places, honors, preferments, titles, countries, kingdoms, lusts, pleasures, and delights of all sorts, as whores, bawds, wives, husbands, children, masters, servants…” The above sentences are taken from（）.A. John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s TravelsC. Henry Fielding’s Tom JonesD. Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe6.Jonathan Swift is a master satirist in English literature. His A Tale of a Tub is an attack on（）.A. the governmentB. greedC. the churchD. the abuse of power7.Chaucer was the first English writer to adopt heroic couplet in his writhing of poems. In the early 18th century, the chief proponent of the heroic couplet was（）.A. Alexander PopeB. William WordsworthC. Lord ByronD. Thomas Gray8.As a lexicographer, he distinguished himself as the author of the first English dictionary—A Dictionary of the English Language. What is his name?（）.A. Jonathan SwiftB. Samuel JohnsonC. Ben JonsonD. John Milton9.Which of the following statements about Neo-Classicism and Enlightenment Movement is true?（）.A. The Enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 17th century.B. Neo-Classicism found its artistic models in the classical literature of the ancient Greek and Roman writers like Homer, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, etc. and in the contemporary French writers such as V oltaire and Diderot.C. Neo-Classicism put the stress on the classical artistic ideals of order, logic, proportion, spontaneous emotion, and passion.D. Satire was much used in writing in the neo-classic works. English literature of this age produced adistinguished satirist Daniel Defoe.10.A poet asserted that poetry originated form “emotion recollected in tranquillity”. He maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of which poetry could and should be made. Who is that poet?（）.A. William BlakeB. Alfred Lord TennysonC. William WordsworthD. John Keats11.The composition of “Kubla Khan”by S.T. Coleridge w as based on （）.A. a storyB. a dreamC. a dialogueD. an experience12.Romanticism was a literary trend prevailing in English during the period from 1798 to 1832. The Romantic writers（）.A. paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of manB. were discontent with the development of industrialism and capitalism, and presented the social evils minutely in their worksC. took pains to portray a world of harmony and balanceD. tended to glorify Rome and advocated rational Italian and French art as superior to the native traditions13.“Tiger! Tiger! Burning bright/ In the forests of the night, / What immortal hand or eye / Could frame thy fearful symmetry?”(“The Tiger”by William Blake) The above lines（）.A. describe the tiger’s fierce eyes and forceful hands at nightB. express the poet’s curiosity for the skillful creation of the tigerC. express the poet’s surprise at the sight of the tiger’s well-proportioned bodyD. express the poet’s terror at the sight of the tiger in the forest at night14.Which of the following statements about Victorian literature is NOT true?（）A. Novels became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought.B. Victorian novelists were angry with the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality, the widespread misery, poverty and injustice.C. Influenced by a particularly strict set of moral standards, Victorian writers like Oscar Wilde, advocated the old moderate, respectable life-style.D. Victorian prose writers joined forces with the critical realist novelists in exposing and criticizing the social reality.15.“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in wa nt of a（）.”This quotation in Austen’s Pride and Prejudice sets the tone of the novel.A. houseB. titleC. wifeD. fame16.Tennyson’s poem Ulysses not only expresses the poet’s own determination and courage to brave the struggle of life, but also reflects the restlessness and aspiration of the age. The poem is written in the form of（）.A. epicB. elegyC. dramatic monologueD. ode17.In Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent（）touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.A. realisticB. nostalgicC. romanticD. sentimental18.“If I’ve done wrong, I’m dying for it. It is enough! You left me too; but I won’t upbraid you! I forgive you. Forgive me!” These above lines are utt ered by the heroine in（）.A. Shapespeare’s Romeo and JulietB. Emily Bront e ’s Wuthering HeightsC. Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’UrbervillesD. Bernard Shaw’s Mrs. Warren’s Profession19.Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and（）as its theoretical base.A. the theory of psycho-analysisB. Darwin’s evolutionary theoryC. the French symbolismD. Utilitarianism20.The beginning of “The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”moves from a series of fairly concrete physical settings—a cityscape( the famous“patient etherized upon a table”)and several interiors (women’s arms in the lamplight, coffee spoons, fireplaces)—to a series of vague ocean images. It aims to convey（）.A. Prufrock’s emotional distance from the world as he comes to recognize his second-rate statusB. Prufrock’s eagerness to meet his dating loverC. Prufrock’s reluctance to meet his dating loverD. Prufrock’s excitement about the modern world21.“North Richmond Street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers’ School set the boy free. An uninhabited house of two storeys stood at the blind end, detached from its neighbours in a square ground. The other houses of the street, conscious of decent lives within them, gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces.”The above passage is the first paragraph of Araby by James Joyce. It sets a(n)（）tone of the story.A. optimisticB. activeC. gloomyD. serious22.“I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree, / And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made: / Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honey-bee, / And live alone in the bee-loud glade.” (“The Lake Isle of Innisfree” by Samuel Butler Yeats) The above lines present the state of a(n)（）life.A. quietB. lonelyC. ambitiousD. unstable23.In Young Goodman Brown by Hawthorne, the name of Good man Brown’s wife is（）, which also contains many symbolic meanings.A. RuthB. HesterC. FaithD. Mary24.The Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of __________ to the outbreak of ___________.（）A. the 17th century…the American War of IndependenceB. the 18th century…the American Civil WarC. the 17th century…the American Civil WarD. the 18th century…the U.S.-Mexican War25.“The apparition of these faces in the crowd; / Petals on a wet, black bough.” This is the shortest poem written by（）.A. E.E. CummingsB. T.S. EliotC. Ezra PoundD. Robert Frost26.Emily Dickinson’s poem“This is my letter to the World”expresses her（）about her communication with the outside world.A. anxietyB. eagernessC. curiosityD. optimistic outlook27.Realism was a reaction against Romanticism or a move away from the bias towards romance and self-creating fictions, and paved the way to（）.A. CynicismB. ModernismC. TranscendentalismD. Neo-Classicalism28.In（）, William Faulkner illuminates the problem of black and white in the American Southern society asa close-knit destiny of blood brotherhood.A. Go Down, MosesB. Light in AugustC. The Marble FaunD. As I Lay Dying29.The theme of Washington Irving’s Rip Van Winkle is（）.A. the conflict of human psycheB. the fight against racial discriminationC. the familial conflictD. the nostalgia for the unrecoverable past30.Heming way once described Mark Twain’s novel（）the one book from which “all modern American literature comes.”A. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. The Adventures of Tom SawyerC. The Gilded AgeD. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg31.As a genre, naturalism emphasized（）as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circumstances.A. theological doctrinesB. heredity and environmentC. education and hard workD. various opportunities and economic success32.（）is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th century “stream-of-consciousness”novels and the founder of psychological realism.A. Theodore DreiserB. William FaulknerC. Henry JamesD. Mark Twain33.（）is considered to be a spokesman for the alienated youth in the post-war era and his The Catcher in the Rye is regarded as a students’ classic.A. Allen GinsbergB. E.E. CummingsC. J.D. Salinger D. Henry James34.Which one of the following statements in NOT true of Indian Camp by Hemingway?（）A. A young Indian woman had been trying to have her baby for two days.B. Nick’s father delivered this woman of a baby by Caesarian section, with a jack-knife and without anesthesia.C. Nick witnessed the violence of both birth and death in the Indian camp.D. This woman’s husband was murdered while she was in labor.35.（）is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.A. Carl SandburgB. Edwin Arlington RobinsonC. William FaulknerD. F.Scott Fitzgerald36.Nathaniel Hawthorne held an unceasing interest in the“interior of the heart” of man’s being. So in almost every book he wrote, Hawthorne discussed（）A. love and hatredB. sin and evilC. frustration and self-denialD. balance and self-discipline37.Which of the following has gained its status as a world classic and simultaneously marks the climax of Eugene O’Neill’s literary career and the coming of the age of American drama?（）A. The Hairy Ape B. Long Day’s Journey Into NightC. Desire Under the ElmsD. Lazarus Laughed38.In the last chapter of Sister Carrie, there is a description about Hurstwood, one of the protagonists of the novel,“Now he began leisurely to take off his clothes, but stopped first with his coat, and tucked i t along the crack under the door. His vest he arranged in the same place.”Why did he do this? Because （）.A. he wanted to commit suicideB. he wanted to keep the room warmC. he didn’t want to be found by othersD. he wanted to enjoy the peace of mind39.In Moby-Dick, the white whale symbolizes（）for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.A. natureB. human societyC. whaling industryD. truth40.（）,disregarding grammar and punctuation, always use d“i”instead of “I”in his poetry to show his protest against self-importance.A. Wallace StevensB. Ezra PoundC. E.E. CummingsD. William Carlos WilliamsⅡ. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)41.“Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew,Thou mak’st thy knife keen; but no metal can,No, not the hangman’s axe, bear half the keennessOf thy sharp envy.”Questions:A. Identify the author and the title of the play from which this part is taken.B. What figure of speech is used in this quoted passage?C. What idea does the passage express?Answer:A.William Shakespeare, The Merchant of VeniceB.Pun.C.This passage expresses the speaker’s severe criticism of Shylock’s greed, cruelty, and meanness.42.“Whene’er I passed her; but who passed withoutMuch the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;Then all smiles stopped together.”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What does the line “Then all smiles stopped together”imply?C. What kind of person do the lines indicate the speaker is?43.“The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What does the word“sleep”mean?C. What idea do the four lines express?Answer:A.Robert Lee Frost’s “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.”B.Death.C.Those four lines express the mixed feelings of the speaker, who appears to be sad and sentimental, yethas a strong sense of responsibility. This stresses the central conflict of the poem between man's enjoyment of nature's beauty and his responsibility in society.44.“I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I lean and loaf e at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.”(From Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself”)Questions:A. Who does “myself” refer to?B. How do you understand the line“I loafe and invite my soul?”C. What does“a spear of summer grass”symbolize?Answer:A.Walt Whitman.B.It may mean that the speaker’s body and soul enjoy the utmost state of freedom.C.It may symbolize democracy, which grows everywhere.Ⅲ. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)45.Edmund Spenser is one of the poets of English Renaissance. What are the qualities of his poetry?46.The Man of Property is the first novel of the Forsyte trilogies by Galsworthy. What is the theme and the tone of the novel?47.Eugene O’ Neill, America’s greatest playwright, was constantly experime nting with new styles and forms forhis plays, especially during the twenties when Expressionism was in full swing. What techniques did O’ Neill use in his expressionistic plays?48.Emerson’s book Nature established him ever since as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism. In this book Emerson discusses his idea of the Oversoul. How do you understand the Emersonian “Oversoul”?Ⅳ. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)49. Discuss Charles Dickens’s art of fiction: the setting, the character-portrayal, the language, etc, based on his novel Oliver Twist.P 241-250.A Rose for Emily is one of Faulkner’s short stories. Comment on the character of the protagonist, Emily Grierson, and analyze how this character is depicted.P 617。

05年考研英语真题

05年考研英语真题In recent years, the number of students taking the postgraduate entrance examination in China has been increasing significantly. The competition is fierce and the difficulty of the exam is continuously rising. One important part of the exam is the English test. In this article, we will analyze the 2005 postgraduate entrance exam's English questions and discuss the strategies for tackling them effectively.1. Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section is a crucial part of the English test. It tests the candidate's ability to understand and analyze written texts in English. In the 2005 exam, the reading comprehension passage covered a topic related to environmental protection.To excel in this section, it is essential to develop strong reading skills. Candidates should practice reading various types of texts, such as news articles, research papers, and literature. They should also enhance their vocabulary and learn to infer meaning from context. Moreover, to save time during the exam, it is advisable to skim the passage first and then read the questions to have a clear understanding of what to look for.2. Cloze TestThe cloze test measures the candidate's grammatical knowledge and ability to understand the context of a given passage. In the 2005 exam, the cloze test required candidates to fill in the blanks with appropriate words.To perform well in the cloze test, it is crucial to have a solid understanding of English grammar rules. Candidates should focus on improving their knowledge of parts of speech, tenses, and sentence structure. Additionally, they should practice completing cloze passages regularly to familiarize themselves with the patterns and vocabulary commonly found in this section.3. TranslationTranslation is an important skill that tests the candidate's ability to convey meaning accurately from one language to another. In the 2005 exam, candidates were required to translate a Chinese text into English.To excel in translation, candidates need to have a good command of both Chinese and English. They should practice translating various types of texts, including literary pieces, academic articles, and official documents. It is also essential to develop a strong understanding of cultural differences between the two languages to ensure accurate and appropriate translations.4. Essay WritingEssay writing is a crucial part of the English test, as it evaluates the candidate's ability to express ideas coherently and effectively. The 2005 exam required candidates to write an essay on the topic of international cooperation.To write a successful essay, candidates should first brainstorm ideas and create an outline. They should structure their essay with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. It is important to use appropriate vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structures. Candidates should alsodemonstrate critical thinking skills and support their arguments with relevant examples.In conclusion, the 2005 postgraduate entrance exam's English test was challenging, but with proper preparation and strategies, candidates can effectively tackle the questions. By developing strong reading skills, improving grammar knowledge, practicing translation, and mastering essay writing techniques, candidates can enhance their chances of success in the exam.。

2005年硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案

2005年硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案[ 作者: 转自: 浏览:883 ]【大小】【评论】【打印】【关闭】Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numb ered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals ,we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which f loat through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stickto surfaces. In fact5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not g enerally realize it. Our noses are capable of7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one mill ion.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that evenpeople insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly bec ome sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply donot need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. ［A］although ［B］as ［C］but ［D］while2. ［A］above ［B］unlike ［C］excluding ［D］besides3. ［A］limited ［B］committed ［C］dedicated ［D］confined4. ［A］catching ［B］ignoring ［C］missing ［D］tracking5. ［A］anyway ［B］though ［C］instead ［D］therefore6. ［A］even if ［B］if only ［C］only if ［D］as if7. ［A］distinguishing［B］discovering ［C］determining［D］detecti ng8. ［A］diluted ［B］dissolved ［C］determining［D］diffused9. ［A］when ［B］since ［C］for ［D］whereas10. ［A］unusual ［B］particular ［C］unique ［D］typical11. ［A］signs ［B］stimuli ［C］messages ［D］impulses12. ［A］at first ［B］at all ［C］at large ［D］at times13. ［A］subjected ［B］left ［C］drawn ［D］exposed14. ［A］ineffective ［B］incompetent ［C］inefficient［D］insuffici ent15. ［A］introduce ［B］summon ［C］trigger ［D］create16. ［A］still ［B］also ［C］otherwise ［D］nevertheless17. ［A］sure ［B］sick ［C］aware ［D］tired18. ［A］tolerate ［B］repel ［C］neglect ［D］notice19. ［A］availabe ［B］reliable［C］identifiable［D］suitable20. ［A］similar to［B］such as ［C］along with ［D］aside from Section ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b y choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(4 0 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish i f you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if h e has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such beh aviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the unde rlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of E mory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin mo nkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, a nd they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human co unterparts, they tend to pa y much closer attention to the value of “goo ds and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect ca ndidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's; study. The researchers sp ent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Nor mally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in sepa rate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the otherwas getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much prefe rable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exch ange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having t o provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to ;accept t he slice of cucumber Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the othe r chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guid ed by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each anim al feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it se ems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward co mpletely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of th e group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independe ntly in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common a ncestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unans wered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic byA. posing a contrast.B. justifying an assumption.C. making a comparison.D. explaining a phenomenon.22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) impli es thatA. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probab ly because they areA. more inclined to weigh what they get.B. attentive to researchers' ins tructions.C. nice in both appearance and temperament.D. more generous than the ir male companions24.Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study t hat the monkeysA. prefer grapes to cucumbers.B. can be taught to exchange things.C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.D. are unhappy when sep arated from others.25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoki ng would killus but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evi dence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lo bby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should sta y out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over t hree decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after an other try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The l atest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely wa rming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report “Science never has all the answers But science do es provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is criti cal that out nation and the world base important policies on the best j udgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking voices now come from many quarters insisting th at the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. this is a dangerou s game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obv ious that a majority of the president's advisers still don't take global w arming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press fo r more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forwar d on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research But research alone is in adequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Con gress should help to beginfashioning conservation measures A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for priva te industry is a promising start Many see that the country is getting re ady to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If w e are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was thatA. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.B. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insi gnificant.C. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.D. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve asA. a protector.B. a judge.C. a critic.D. a guide.28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, paragraph 4)A. Endless studies kill action.B. Careful investigation reveals truth.C. prudent planning hinders.D. Extensive research helps decision-making.29. According to the author, what should the Administration do aboutA. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.B. Raise public awareness o f conservation.C. Press for further scientific research.D. Take some legislative measur es.30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of sm oking becauseA. they both suffered from the government's negligence.B. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.C. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.D. both of them have turned from bad to worse.Text 3Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be le ast within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud form ulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” the random b yproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now res earchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermosta t, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line” And one leading autho rity says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only h arnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It's your dream” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of p sychology at Chicago's Medical Center. “If you don't like it , change i t.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as acti ve during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams o ccur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, th e limbic system (the “emotional brain”)is especial ly active, while the p refrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quie t. “We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings c an stay with us all day” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr, William D ement.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright beli eves one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visua lize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice peo ple can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of “we wake u in a panic,” Cartwright says Terrorism, economic uncertainties and ge neral feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffe ring from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist For t he rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreamsA. can be modified in their courses.B. are susceptible to emotional cha nges.C. reflect our innermost desires and fears.D. are a random outcome of neural repairs.32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to showA. its function in our dreams.B. the mechanism of REM sleep.C. the relation of dreams to emotions.D. its difference from the prefro ntal cortex.33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend toA. aggravate in our unconscious mind.B. develop into happy dreams.C. persist till the time we fall asleep.D. show up in dreams early at ni ght.34.Cartwright seems to suggest thatA. waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.B. visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under con troll.C. dreams should be left to their natural progression.D. dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious.35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?A. lead your life as usual.B. Seek professional help.C. Exercise conscious control.D. Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text 4American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in w riting, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do th ey aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing. The Degradation of language and Music and why we sho uld like, care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960scounter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thin g”, has spelt the death of formal speech, wr iting, poetry and music. W hile even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they pu t pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking i s triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we shou ld, like care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of huma n language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be po werfully expressive-there exists no language or dialect in the world tha t cannot convey complex ideas He is not arguing, as many do, that w e can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large c hunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-sp eakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictl y necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms-he is really grie ving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now t ake our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.36. According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal EnglishA. is inevitable in radical education reforms.B. is but all too natural in language development.C. has caused the controversy over the counter-culture.D. brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s.37. The word “talking” (Linge6, paragraph3) denotesA. modesty.B. personality.C. liveliness.D. informality.38. To which of the following statements would Mc Whorter most like ly agree?A. Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.B. Black English can be more expressive than standard English.C. Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.D. Of all the varieties, standard English Can best convey complex ideas.39. The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author'sA. interest in their language.B. appreciation of their efforts.C. admiration for their memory.D. contempt for their old-fashionedness.40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” asA. “temporary” is to “permanent”.B. “radical” is to “conservative”.C. “functional” is to “artistic”.D. “humble” is to “noble”.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have removed. For Questions 41-45, choosethe most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into of the numbered bl ank thereare two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)Canada's premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they hav e any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July ann ual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, to reduce health-care costs.They're all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41.What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care-to say nothing of reports from other experts recommen ded the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province h aving its own list of approved drugs , bureaucracy, procedures and lim ited bargaining power, all would pool resources ,work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42.But “national” doesn't have to mean that. “National” could mean interp rovincial-provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to neg otiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of hav ing one province-or a series of hospitals within a province-negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency woul d negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million peo ple, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43.A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency wi th the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Techn ology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Co mmon Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs s hould be included, predictably and regrettably Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That's one reason why the idea of a nationalist hasn't gone anywhere while drug costs k eep rising fast.44.Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow's report selectively, especially t he parts about more federal money perhaps they should read what he had to say a bout drugs.“A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing c ost of drugs.”45.So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.A. Quebec's resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. O ne of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec's Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent!B. Or they could read Mr. Kirby's report:“the substan tial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insur ance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies”C. What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael K irby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently cre ated National Health Council.D. The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.E. According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information. prescript ion drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall healt h-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments part of it arises from new drugs costi ng more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.F. So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that w ould end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province fr om being played off against another, and bargain for better drug price s.G. Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divi ded buyers, they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its, list the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn't like a national agency agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined seg ments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANS WER SHEET2. (10points)It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overw helmingly significant phase in European history. History and news beco me confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46)Television is one of the means by which these feel ings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served t o much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent event s in Europe .The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mi nd we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Eur ope, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines a nd publishing houses that work in relation to one another.One Italian e xample would be the Berlusconi group while abroad Maxwell and Mur doch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete complete in such a rich and hotly-contes ted market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that sh ow that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% t ook a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige tele vision companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both productio n and distribution.(49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our depen dence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experie nces and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co -productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank will handle the finances necessary for pr oduction costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -and if I ha d to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each cou ntry.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Design s & fashions. But now you find that the word is not what you expect ed. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision stating your reason(s), and making an apology. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on A NSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the lette r, use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 p oints)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay ,you should first describe the drawing the interpret its mea ning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)标准答案:Section I Use of English1-5 C B A C B 6-10 A D A D B11-15 C A D C D16-20 B C D A BSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21-25 C B A C B 26-30 C D A D B31-35 A C D D A 36-40 B D A B CPart B41-45 E C G F BPart C46．电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一--在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不同的民族和国家连到一起，其作用之大，前所未有。

05真题

上海大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试综合英语试题SECTION 1: READING COMPREHENSION(36 points)Directions: In this section, you will find two passages, each of which is followed by some questions. Read the passages carefully and then answer the questions in your own words on the Answer Sheet. Make sure that each response is limited to less than ten words in order to be valid.Questions 1 ~ 9On balance, are euphemisms bad for us? One school of thought holds that a truly healthy, stable, psychologically mature society would have no need for euphemisms. Those who subscribe to this school would hold further, with George Orwell, that political euphemism “is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind.” They mi ght add that the emergence of the new genre of faux euphemism is particularly insidious, in that it implies a kind of equivalence among the concepts of terminology represented by letters of the alphabet—as if “the L word” and “the T word” really did belong to the same category as “the N word.” There is something to be said for all these points, the last one in particular. I‟m surely not alone in observing that the phrase “the N word” has lately come into the mainstream, as the N word itself never could again.A second school of thought about euphemisms might be called the white-blood-cell school; it holds that yes, an elevated count could well be a sign of mild or serious pathology—but it‟s also a sign that a natural defense mechanism has kicked in. By and large my sympathies lie with the white-blood-cell school. Although euphemism sets some to spluttering about its deceitfulness, I suspect that few people are really deceived—that, indeed, the transparent motives and awkward semantics only undermine the euphe mist‟s intention. When a nuclear warhead is referred to as “the physics package,” when genocide is referred to as “ethnic cleansing,” when wife-beating is referred to as “getting physical”—in all these cases the terminology trains a spotlight on the truth.1. What are euphemisms?2. Does the first school of thought (paragraph 1) adopt a positive attitude toward euphemisms?3. What does the phrase “subscribe to” (paragraph 1) mean?4. Does George Orwell think well of political euphemism?5. What does the word “insidious” (paragraph 1) refer to?6. What has happened to “the N word” recently?7. What is the author‟s attitude towards euphemisms?8. What does the word “pathology” (paragraph 2) probably mean?9. Think of a most suitable title for this passage.Questions 10 ~ 18What is the purpose of literature? Why read, if life alone is to be our teacher? James Joyce states that the artist reveals the human situation by re-creating life out of life; Aristotle that art presents universal truths because its form is taken from nature. Thus, consciously or otherwise, the great writer reveals the human situation most tellingly, extending our understanding of ourselves and our world.We can soar with the writer to the heights of man‟s aspirations, or plummet with him to tragic despair. The works of Steinback, Andersson, and Salinger; the poetry of Whitman, Sandburg, and Frost; the plays of Ibsen, Miller, and O‟Neill: all present starkly realistic portrayals of life‟s problems. Reality? Y ea! But the understandi ng we gain is much wider than that attained by viewing life through the keyhole of our single existence.Can we measure the richness gained by the young reader venturing down the Mississippi with Tom and Huck, or cheering Ivanhoe as he battles the Black Knight; the deepening understanding of the mature reader of the tragic South of William Faulkner and Tennessee Williams, of the awesome determination and frailty—of Patrick White‟s Australian pioneers?This function of literature, the enlarging of our own life sphere, is of itself of major importance. Additionally, however, it has been suggested that solutions of social problems may be suggested in the study of literature. The overweening ambitions of political leaders—and their sneering contempt for the law—did not appear for the first time in the writings of Bernstein and W oodward; the problems, and the consequent actions, of the guilt-ridden did not await the appearance of the bearded psychoanalyst of the twentieth century.10. What is the end goal of great literature?11. How is the human condition revealed in literature?12. Which novel is James Joyce‟s best-known masterpiece?13. What does the word “tellingly” (paragraph 1) probably mean?14. What does the word “plummet” (paragraph 2) refer to?15. How can literature contribute to our understanding?16. Can we measure the deepening understanding gained by the mature reader from literature?17. What does the author mean by “this function of literature” (paragraph 4)?18. Where might the overweening ambitions of political leaders first appear?SECTION 2: CLOZE (34 points)Directions: In this section, you will find two passages with 34 words missing. Read each passage carefully and then fill in each of the blanks with ONE suitable word. Remember to write your responses on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The openings of any piece of writing are critically important. In those first paragraphs and pages, you can make or __(1)__ yourself with your reader. One well-known author and editor, William Zinsser, puts __(2)__ this way: “The most important sentence in any article is the __(3)__ one. If it doesn‟t induce the reader to proceed __(4)__ the second sentence, your article is dead. And if the second sentence doesn‟t induce __(5)__ to continue to the third sentence, it‟s equally __(6)__.” Even if you‟re not competing __(7)__ that fickle audience of magazine readers, you still __(8)__ losing your readers‟ attention if you write weak openers. Readers __(9)__ editors or vice-presidents are busy and impatient folks. Asked how __(10)__ it takes them to make preliminary __(11)__ about the manuscripts or reports that come across their __(12)__, most would respond, “A minute __(13)__ two. I read the first page or __(14)__ and usually I can tell if it‟s __(15)__ my time to go on.” The same is __(16)__ of professors. They are busy and impatient, too. Although they may have to read your papers, they don‟t have to like them or take much __(17)__ in them. Y ou must come up with something to intrigue them.Passage 2It is human __(18)__ that everyone likes to be __(19)__ everyone else; nobody likes to be in an inferior position or enjoys being led by the __(20)__ by someone else. This one-upmanship starts when children begin to have develop a __(21)__ of superiority,__(22)__ has made scientists believe that the need forself-respect, for self-defense and for superiority is __(23)__ man was born __(24)__. According to observations, the desire __(25)__ all these elements is developing __(26)__ the way as children are growing up, and it is nursed and cultivated when they become adults who start to interact __(27)__ people in a community. The desire to be superior can be found in everything they do. But until now nobody can tell why we all need to be __(28)__, and almost every one of us will feel depressed, miserable, or even abhorrent when we are __(29)__ the thumbs of other fellows, except in situations in __(30)__ we are willing to give our __(31)__ for the washing. In a case like this, our willingness is __(32)__ the mercy of other things, things we think more important, more valuable and more worthwhile in __(33)__ with what we have to sacrifice or __(34)__ up with.SECTION 3: TRANSLATION (30 points)Part A: English-Chinese TranslationDirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version on the Answer Sheet.Scotland Y ard's top fingerprint expert, Detective Chief Superintendent Gerald Lambourne had a request from the British Museum's Prehistoric Department to focus his magnifying glass on a mystery …somewhat outside my usual beat.‟The blunt instrument he pored over were the antlers of red deer, dated by radio-carbon examination as being up to 5,000 years old. They were used as mining picks by Neolithic man to hack flints and chalk, and the fingerprints he was looking for were of more remote ancestors who had last wielded them.The antlers were unearthed in July during the British Museum's five-year-long excavation at Grime's Graves, near Thetford, Norfolk, a 93-acre site containing more than 600 vertical shafts in the chalk some 40 feet deep. From artifacts found in many parts of Britain it is evident that flint was extensively used by Neolithic man as he slowly learned how to farm land in the period from 3,000 to 1,500 B.C.Part B: Chinese-English TranslationDirections: Translate the following passage into English and write your version on the AnswerSheet.人类对大自然的主要侵害一直是：破坏了天然植被却没有用一种能保持土壤肥力的耕作制度来取代。

2005上海大学英美文学史

上海大学2009年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英美文学史招生专业：英语语言文学考试科目：英美文学史I Choose the best answer for the following blanks (30 Points)1 Beowulf, created around A.D.700, unfolds a picture of an early ___ society, of its public life, its customs, rituals and cultural activities.a. Danishb. Germanc. Walesd. Scotland2 The Canterbury Tales is collection of stories told by a group of ____ on the way to Canterbury.a. Pilgrimsb. monksc. peasantsd. merchants3 The author of Samson Agonisters is ____a. John Donneb. Alexander Popec. John Miltond. Edmund Spenser4 In ____ , Shakespeare intended to portrait an ideal king of responsible attitude towards the duties of kingship, and to celebrate heroic actions under a heroic kinga. King Johnb. Henry IV, Part I and IIc. Henry Vd. Richard II5 King Alfred’s ___ compiled around 882, is a great prose work in old English.a. Le Morte D’Arthurb. Anglo Saxon Chroniclesc. Euphues and His England d Books of Martyrs6 In ___, Defoe pictures a heroine who is unfortunate and finally becomes a normal woman after living a full life of crime.a. Robert Crusoeb. Moll Flandersc. Captain Singletond. Colonel Tack7 Richardson’s ___ tells the story of how a woman’s virtue, beauty and kindness conquer a man’s passion, evil and irresponsibility.a. Pamela, or Virtue Rewardedb. Clarissa, or the History of a Young Ladyc. The History of Sir Charles Grandisond. The Journal to Stella8 The life of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great, written by ___, is based on the life of a notorious thief, Jonathan Wild.a Tobias Smollett b. Laurence Sternec Jonathan Swift d. Henry Fielding9 Jane Austen’s ___ relates the story of two sisters and their lov e affaires.a Proud and Prejudice b. Emmac Sense and Sensibility d. The Watsons10 Mary Shelley, daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin, publisher in 1818 her first and must important novel __a Valpergab the Last Manc Lodored Frankenstein11 In ___, Mathew Arnold expressed his understanding of the social function of an artist in the Victorian Age.A Culture and Anarchy b The Stones of VeniceC Chartism d Essays in Criticism12 Robert Stevenson’s ____ deals with the theme of dual personalitya Treasure Islandb Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hydec Kidnapped d The Jungle Book13 Arnold Bennett is best known for his ____.a The old wives’ taleb The time machinec The forsyte sagad The secret agent14 Both Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty—Four express ____’s fear of the disastrous consequences of dictatorship.a William Maughamb Graham Greenec Joseph Conard d George Orwell15 Doris Lessing’s ___ begins the children of Violence Series in which the heroine struggles against the authority of her parents, the conformity of her social class, and the racial prejudice of white colonialists in Africa.a Martha Questb The Grass is Singingc Going Homed the Golden Notebook16 The Last of Mohicans was written by ____a John Cottonb Cotton Matherc Anne Dudley Bradstreetd James Fennimore Cooper17 The Tenth Muse lately sprung up in America is a collection of poem written by ____a Cotton Matherb Edward Taylorc Roger Williamsd Anne Dudley Bradstreet18 ____ was probably the last great voice to re-assert Calvinism in America.a Thomas Paineb Jonathan Edwardsc Washington Irvingd Noah Webster19 In 1845, ____ published his anthology The Poets and Poetry of Europe, which brought home to the ordinary reader the rich variety of European literature.A Henry W. Longfellow b Washington IrvingC William C. Bryant d Thomas Paine20 ____ has been called “American’s Declaration of Intellectual Independence” because it called on American writers to write about America in an American way instead of imitating things foreign.A “The American Scholar” b Common SenseC The Age of Reason d The American Crisis21 Uncas is a character in ____a Washington Irving’s “The Sketch Book”b James Fennimore Cooper’s “The Last of the Mohicans”c James Fennimore Cooper’s “The Pilot”d Philip Freneau’s “The Power of Fancy”22 The title of William Cullen Bryant’s poem “Thanatopsis” literally means ___a view of happinessb view of deathc notion of purityd notion of independence23 Freud used dreams as a way to interpret the human psyche.____, eight years before Freud, was also emphasizing dreams in his writing.a W.C. Bryantb E.A. Poec Philip Freneaud J.F. Cooper24 N. Hawthorne’s The House of the Seven Gables deals with ___a the effects of horrorb the effects of cursec the effects of brutalityd the view of history25 Old Ben in Will iam Faulkner’s “Go Down, Moses” refers to ___a the name of a dogb the name of a bearc the name of a liond a friend of Issac26 Leaves of Grass ran nine editions with more than ___ poems all written in free verse form, that is, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.a. 400b. 600c. 800d.50027 Soapy is the main character in O. Henry’s Short Story ___a. After Twenty Years b The Four Millionc The Cop and the Anthem d Heart of the West28 Mark Twain is ____ pen name.a Samuel Langhorne Clemens’b Francis Bret Harte’sc Hamlin Garland’sd Stephen Crane’s29 In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck portrayed ____a the migration of the “okies” from the “Dust Bowels” to Californiab the friendship of two itinerant workers who yearn for a permanent home they will never find.c the corruption in American Governmentd the miserable life of the poor farmers in “Dust Bowel”30 Scott Fitzgerald is generally regarded as the ___ of the 1920s, the peculiar decade that combined the postwar economic boom and the sense of spiritual disorientation.a storytellerb spokesmanc criticd essayistII Define the following terms (30 Points)1 The morality play2 The stream of consciousness3 Angry young men4 Walden5 Lost Generation6 Black HumorIII Identify the authors and the titles of the following quotations (30)1. It seems that upon the first moment I was discovered sleeping on the ground after my landing, the Emperor (of Lilliput) had early notice of it by an express, and determined in council that I should be tied in the manner I have related (which was done in the night while I slept), that plenty of meat and drink should be sent me, and a machine prepared to carry me to the capital city.The passage is taken from _____________, written by __________.2 Elizabeth felt herself more angry every moment; yet she tried to the utmost to speak with composure when she said, “You are mistaken, Mr. Darcy, if you suppose that the mode of your declaration affected me in any other way, than as it spared me the concern which I might have felt in refusing you, had you behaved in a more gentleman-like manner.The passage is taken from ____________, written by __________.3 I was awakened by somebody saying “Here he is!” and un covering my hot head. My mother and Peggothy had come to look for me, and it was one of them who had done it, “Davy,” said my mother, “What’s the matter?”The passage is taken from ____________, written by __________.4 The clubbists tittered, except the girl called Tess… in whom a slow heat seemed to rise at the sense that her father was making himself foolish in their eyes. “He’s tired, that’s all,” She said hastily, “and he has got a lift home, because our own horse has to rest today.”The passage is taken from ____________, written by __________.5 “I am afraid, Watson, that I shall have to go,” said Holmes as we sat down together to our breakfast one morning.“Go, where to?”“To Dartmoor--- to King’s Pyland.”The passage is taken from ____________, written by __________.6 Hester Prynne’s term of confinement was now at an end. Her prison—door was thrown open, and she came forth into the sunshine, which, falling on all alike, seemed, to her sick and morbid heart, as if meant for no other purpose than to reveal the scarlet on her breast.The passage is taken from ____________, written by __________.7 What is your address?” he began again, fixing his pencil to write. She looked his hand.“Carrie Meeber,” She said slowly, “Three hundred and fifty—four West Van Buren Street, care S.C. Hanson.The passage is taken from ____________, written by ___________.8 Tom Sawyer stepped forward with conceited confidence and soared into the unquenchable and indestructible. “Give me liberty or give me death” speech, with fine fury and frantic gesticulation, and broke down in the middle of it.The passage is taken from _____________, written by __________.9 “You have such a scar on your neck, Mr. Eden,” the girl was saying. “How did it happen? I am sure it must have been some adventure.”A Mexican with a knife, Miss,” he answered, moistening his parched lips and clearing his throat, “It was just a fight, after I got the knife away, he tried to bite off my nose.”The passage is taken from _____________, written by __________.10 One morning I awoke about th ree O’clock hearing Catherine stirring in the bed.“Are you all right, Cat?”“I’ve been having some pains, darling.”“Regularly?”“No, not very.”“If you have them at all regularly, we’ll go to the hospital.”VI Answering the following questions (60 Points)1 Discuss briefly the character of Clarissa by Samuel Richardson.2 How does Wuthering Heights embody the tradition of Gothic Novels?3 Make a comment on Earnest Hemingway’s iceberg theory of writing.。

05年研究生考试英语阅读真题分篇 text-3

2005全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Text 3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now res earchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, econ omic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.[A] can be modified in their courses[B] are susceptible to emotional changes[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.[A] its function in our dreams[B] the mechanism of REM sleep[C] the relation of dreams to emotions[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind[B] develop into happy dreams[C] persist till the time we fall asleep[D] show up in dreams early at night34. Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A] Lead your life as usual.[B] Seek professional help.[C] Exercise conscious control.[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.。