新课标高中英语必修一unit4学案

Unit 4 Earthquake
1、shake v.＆n.
①v t.＆vi.(shook, shaken) 摇动；震动；颤抖;
shake hands with sb /shake sb’ s hand / shake sb. by the hand 与…握手
shake one’ s head at sb 朝某人摇头(表否定, 怀疑, 悲伤, 不赞成等)
shake with…. 因…..而颤抖
e.g.: a. shake with laughter, fear, rage, etc 笑得, 吓得, 气得……打颤
b. shake with cold 冻得发抖
shake one’ s fist at sb 向某人挥拳表示愤怒或恐吓.
e.g.: a. shake the bottle before using. 使用之前请摇动瓶子.
b. The earthquake shook the building. 地震使房子振动.
②n. [ c ] (多用单数) 摇动; 震动;
e.g.: a shale pf the head 摇头
辨析: shake, tremble ,quake
①shake 为常用词, 表示短促而迅速地上下往来摇动.
②tremble 尤指身体因恐惧、激动或愤怒轻微、快速、不由自主地颤抖.
e.g.: tremble with rage, excitement etc
trembling hands 颤抖的手
③quake 较为正式, 常同tremble ,但含“猛烈”的意思.
e.g.: quake with fear/cold 因恐惧[寒冷]而颤抖.
△quake n. (口) == earthquake
练习: The boy shook his mother’s hand.
→The boy shook hand.
2、right away == at once / without delay. 毫不耽搁地；不可用于进行时态.
e.g.: I’ll write to him right away.
right now == immediately / in no time / in a moment / at this very moment / at present 立刻;在此时;在此刻. 在作“在此时”, “在此刻”讲时,可用于进行时态.
e.g.: He’s writing a novel right now.
2、rise vi. (rose; risen)
①(太阳, 月亮, 星星等)升起;出现; == go up / come up 反义→set
②(物价, 东西等)上涨;上升; == go up / increase(vi.) 反义→go down / fall / drop
rise to 上升到; rise by 上升了;
③(人等)站起来,起床,起身. rise to one’s feet == stand up 站起来
raise sb to one’s feet 把某人扶起来
early to bed and early to rise 早睡早起
n. 升起;升高；增加=increase
give rise to sth 引起;导致; == cause sth / lead to / result in / bring about sth
give sb a rise 给某人涨工资;提职;
the rise and fall of the British Empire 大英帝国的兴衰
e.g.: a. The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
b. Prices have risen steadily during the past decade.
c. The rise in the house rent has added to our difficulties.
d. He rose from the chair.
辨析: rise, raise，arise
①rise vi. 升起;上升;增长;升高. 说明主语自身移向较高位置.(自然上升/升起)
e.g.: The temperature is still rising.
②raise vt 举起;提起;抬高. 说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的(人为的举起;抬起;提高),另:
还可意为”提出;饲养;种植”.
e.g.: Let’s raise glass to our friendship.
raise a family 养家;抚养子女; raise…to 举例…;提高到…raise…by 举高了…;提高了….
③arise vi. 出现，发生，产生（arose, arisen）=appear
e.g.: A new difficulty has arisen.
increase＆ improve
①increase == become or make sth larger in number or amount.
(v.＆n.) 增加(大).(数目或数量)
increase (v.) to 增加到
by 增加了
on the increase(n.) == increasing 正在增加. == on the rise
e.g.: The rate of inflation has increased by 2﹪. 通货膨胀率已增长了2﹪.
②improve vt. ＆vi. 改良;改进;改善;(make sth become better)
e.g.: His health is improving. 他的健康正在好转.
improvement n. 改善，提高
练习: After the operation, the player has done more exercise to ___C___ his strength.
A. rise
B. improve
C. increase
D. raise
4、ruin
①n. 毁灭,崩溃;遗迹,废墟;(常用算数)
be in ruins 呈一片废墟
fall into ruins 变成废墟
bring sth to ruin 使毁灭
come to ruin 毁灭,落空
go to ruin 毁坏;毁灭
ruin one self 自我毁灭
②vt.毁灭;毁坏,使破产;
sth ruin sth
e.g.: The fire ruined the books in the library.
辨析: ruin, destroy, damage.
① ruin 一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏,但往往是非暴力的,也往往指不是一次的打击结果,常指对
美好的希望中的事物的破坏.[强调彻底毁坏,往往是长期性的并非一次性行为,不能修复.] ②destroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁,使之无法复原,也可表示对某物体进行完全的毁
坏.[指通过某种特有的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用,一般很难修复.]
③damage 损失;损坏;多用于无生命的东西,指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等,不一定全部破坏,损坏
了可以修复”;这种损失是自然灾害或人为过失造成的.
练习: (用ruin, damage, destroy 的正确形式填空.)
1.The fire destroyed most of the building.
2.The crops are all ruined by the continuous rain.
3. A falling tree damaged the roof and we should repair it.
5、injure vt. 使受伤；损害；伤害感情；
e.g.: a. Smoking will injure your health.
b. The boy injured his leg.
c. Your remark may injure her pride (自尊).
injure n. [c] 伤;伤口;伤害. injured adj. 受伤的.
the injured (在事故,战斗等中)受伤的== the wounded.
辨析: hurt, injure, wound, harm.
①hurt “受伤”的一般用语,既可指肉体上的伤害也可指精神上的伤害. e.g.: hurt one’s feelings
②injure 一般指由于意外或事故而受伤,精神上的结果的伤害多用hurt.
③wound 指外伤,如刀伤,枪伤,剑伤,尤指在战争中受伤.
④harm 常用于口语,一般只作及物动词,特指伤及一个或其心情、健康、权利、事业等，并使之产生
痛苦、损害或某种不幸遭遇.
练习: (用wound, damage, destroy, harm, hurt, injure 的适当形式填空.)
1. She felt hurt at your words.
2. Don’t harm your eyes by reading in dim light.
3. The bullet wounded him in the shoulder.
4. The bus was badly damaged when it hit the wall.
5. The building was destroyed in the earthquake.
6. He was injured in the accident.
6、shock vt.＆vi (使)震惊; (使)震动;== astonish / surprise / amaze(令惊叹，佩服之意) /wonder=surprise greatly
be shocked at (doing) sth 因…….而震惊.
be shocked to do
e.g.: a. I was shocked at the news of her death..
b. He was shocked (at knowing his son playing all day. / to know his son playing all day.)
n. 冲击;震动;打击;突击、休克；电击；
go into / be in shock 处于休克状态
get a shock from a wire 碰着电线而触电
e.g.: a. An electric shock can kill you .
b. It was a great shock for him when his wife died.
adj. shocking 令人震惊的；
shocked 感到震惊的
7、rescue v.＆n.
e.g.: a. rescue a man from drowning ,attack.. 援救一男子使之免遭溺毙,攻击.
b. rescue sb from danger. 营救某脱离危险.
c. you rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 是你给我解了围.
②n. 搭救;解救;
come /go to the /sb’ s rescue 援救或帮助某人.
a rescue party 抢救队rescue workers 救援人员
辨析: rescue, save
①rescue 求助,援助,营救,重在强调迅速行动,从直接的和迫在眉捷的危险中解救.
②save 救;救助;拯救,普通用词,使用广泛,常指把处于危险或危急状态的人或事物
救出来使之得以保全,很多情况下两词可以换用.
8、judge v.＆n.
①vt. 审判；断定；评价；认为. (不用于被动语态)
Sb / sth (to be) + n./adj
e.g.: I judged him to be about 50. 断定某人/某物……
that – clause / whether….
Judge e.g.: He judged that it was time to open the proceedings. 他认为是开始的时候了.
it + n./adj. + to do sth 认为干某事是……
e.g.: The committee judged it advisable to postpone the meeting. (委员会认为会议应该延期举办).
sth by / from 根据……判断
e.g.: Don’t judge by appearances. 不要以貌取人.
Judging from 从….判断（一般不用judged）
拓展：英语中常用来作评价性的词句的非谓语动词（短语），与句子的实际主语之间不存在主动或被动的逻辑关系，常见的有：judging from/by, considering, supposing, to tell you the truth, to be honest, generally /frankly/properly/honestly speaking.
②n. [c] 裁判;法官;
judgment
pass a judgment on…对…作出评价.
in one’s judgment 照某人看来. s opinion/to one’s thinking.
use/exercise one’s judge 运用判断力.
9、a (great / large) number / (great / large) numbers of
许多;大量; + n.(pl).作主语时,句子谓语用复数
the number of + n.(pl). 意为”…的数量”,作主语时,句子谓语用单数.
a large/great/good/big number of
large/great/good numbers of + n.(pl). 谓语用复数
a good/great many (of the)
many (of the)
many a + n (单) 谓语用单数
large amounts of + n.[u] 谓语用复数
e.g.: Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
a large/great amount of + n.[u] 谓语用单数
a great deal of + n.[u] 谓语用单数
a lot of n.[u] 谓语用单数
+
lots of n.[pl] 谓语用复数
e.g.: There was lots of money in the safe.
plenty of + n.[u] 谓语用复数
n.[pl] 谓语用单数
a quantity of + n,[pl] 谓语用复数
n.[u] 谓语用单数
quantities of + n.[pl] 谓语用复数
n.[u]
much (of the) + n.[u] 谓语用单数
10、bury vt.
①埋葬; e.g.: He was buried with his wife.
②将某人/物藏于地下;隐藏; e.g.: Our dog buries it’s bones in the garden.
③覆盖;遮盖; e.g.: She buried her face in her hands and wept.
④从记忆中除去;忘记== forget e.g.: It’s time to bury our differences and be friends again.
bury oneself in sth 埋头于某事物;专心致志于某事物. == involve oneself in/ concentrate on/ focus one’s mind/attention on/ fix one’s mind/attention on/ keep one’s mind on/ devote oneself to / be deep in sth /be absorbed in
be buried in thoughts/memories of the past=be deep in thought
拓展：被动形式表主动意义的类似结构：
be hidden among the woods 躲在树林里be lost in deep thought 陷入沉思
be seated in an armchair 坐在椅子上be stationed in the village 驻扎在村里
be dressed in red clothes 穿着红色的衣服be compared to/with 与…相比
be drunk 喝醉be devoted to education 献身教育
be set in 以….为背景be situated/located in 座落在
be involved in 被卷入….
11、honour v.＆n.
①. v. 尊敬，给予荣誉，表扬某人
honour sb/sth with sth =sb. be honoured with 因某事使某人感到荣幸；给某人以荣誉
honour sb for sth =sb be honoured for 因某事表彰某人
honour sb as =sb be honoured as 尊某人为…
e.g.: a.Will you honour me with a visit? 如蒙造访则荣幸之至。

b. He was honoured for his life-long work as a teacher.
②n[u] 荣誉，尊重n[c] 使人感到光荣的人或事
do sb an/the honour of doing sth. 使某人有特殊的荣幸；做…而给予某人面子
have the honour of doing sth 有做….的荣幸
to do sth
e.g.: a. Will you do me the honour of dancing of with me?
b. May I have the honour of dancing with you?
a sense of honour (time,direction,money,duty/responsibility, humour, respect,…) 廉耻心
do honour to sb = do sb honour 对某人表示敬意
pay/give/show honour to 尊敬；表示对…..的敬意
do the honours 尽主人之谊
on/upon one’s honour =on one’s word of sb 以名誉担保
win honor for one’s motherland 为祖国争光
e.g.: Who’s going to pour the tea----- Shall I do the honours? 谁管斟茶----我来斟好吗？
in honour of = in sb’s honour 为纪念….；为向…..表示敬意
e.g.: a ceremony in honour of those killed in battle
拓展：in+n.+of 结构
in control of 控制in favour of =in support of支持
in face of 面对in praise of 赞扬
in memory of 为纪念…. in aid of 援助
in charge of 负责in command of 指挥
in case of 以防in need of 需要
in place of 取代
in hope of 抱着…的希望=in hopes of =in the hope that-clause=hoping that-clause
12．prepare v. 准备=get/make sb/sth ready
prepare sth 准备某事 e.g.:prepare a meal/examinations/the table/one’s lessons
prepare sb for sth 使某人为某事做准备 e.g.: prepare children for an examination指导儿童备考
prepare sth for sb 为某人把某事准备好
be prepared for sth 对某事（尤指令人不愉快的）做好准备
be prepared to do sth
preparation n. 预备；准备
make preparations for 为…..做准备 e.g.: The country is making preparatios for war/to go to war.
be in preparation 在准备中
in preparation for sth （为某事物）做好准备
e.g.: a. They’ve sold their house and car in preparation for leaving the country.
区别：prepare sth&prepare for sth
Prepare sth “准备某事/物“ prepare 的宾语是正在做的事情或东西。

e.g.: prepare dinner ‘准备晚饭’即正在做晚饭。

Prepare for sth “为某事作准备”，for 在此表示目的。

e.g.: prepare for an exam “为考试做准备”。

类似：
ask&ask for send&send for leave&leave for dig&dig for
13. burst v (burst, burst)
①爆裂；炸破；胀破；冲破；溃决 e.g.: a. The sun burst through the clouds and shone over the earth.
b. If you blow that balloon up any more it will burst.
②. 突然发生；突然发作burst into sth e.g.: burst into thunderous cheers/tears/song/laughter
③. 突然出现 e.g.: burst into the room
The storm burst and we all got wet.
④. （芽，蕾等）绽开 e.g.: trees bursting into leaf/bloom/blossom/flower
⑤. 充满 e.g.: be bursting with happiness, pride, excitement etc.
burst forth 突发；爆发
burst into 突然闯入=break into；突然开始 e.g.: burst into a run
burst out ⑴突然…起来 e.g.: burst out crying/laughing
⑵闯出来
⑶大声叫喊
⑷（战争，疾病等）突然发生；突然出现=break out
14. there be 句型(区别： have/has)
There be 句型表示“某个事物”在“什么地方”，其结构为：there +be+主语＋其他成分。

there 为引导词，无意义，谓语动词按照就近原则。

e.g.: a. There is a desk and three chairs in the room.
- There are three chairs and a desk in the room.
b. There is an old man living in the forest.
拓展：
①.there be 句型中，be 还可被live, stand, lie, exist等词换用,使句子更形象生动。

e.g.:There stands a big tree on the top of the mountain.
②there be 句型中还可以用appear, seem, happen, 也可以用情态动词
如：there used to be…….
There may be…….
There must be…….
There ought to be……
There should be…..
There can be….
e.g.:There seems to be something wrong with the machine.
He felt there must be something wrong.
③there be 句型中容易出错的地方：
There has a baby over there. (误)不能用has 或 have 代替there be 句型中的be.
There is a baby is crying over there. (误) baby 是主语，后边应为定语，可用定语从句that is crying over there
或现在分词crying over there.
注：there be +n.+doing sth 某人在做…..
there be+n.+done sth 某事被做了
④There is no need to do sth.
另：There is no doing sth.
There is no use/good doing sth.
There is no point doing sth
There is no sense doing sth.
⑤.There be +n.+that-clause
There is no doubt that…
There is some doubt whether….
There is some possibility that….
There is a rumor that…..
区别：it is +n.+that-clause
15. too…to 句型太…以至于不能（表否定）可转化为not…enough to 和so ….that
e.g.: The child is too young to dress himsel
f.
=>The child is not old enough to dress himself.
The child is so young that he can’t dress himself.
注意：
①．当too 后接easy, ready, happy, willing, eager 或anxious时，to 后的动词表示肯定。

e.g.: a. The book is too easy to understand.
b. He was too anxious to leave.
②. too….not to 表示肯定意思
e.g.:He is too careful not to have noticed it.
③. too….to 中too 前面用了否定词（如never）时，表示肯定。

e.g.: It’s never too late to mend.
④only too…to 表示肯定，其中too 后的形容词多数是表示某种心情的，e.g.:glad, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, determined 等，也有描绘性的形容词，e.g.:good, kind, true 等。

e.g.:The girl is only too kind to help us.
对比：The girl is too kind to refuse.。