英语句子结构解析与定语从句详解

6. He made it clear that he would leave the city． 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 形式宾语 it＋ 宾语补足语+宾语 7. I love you more than her, child． 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 8. Trees turn green when spring comes. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 +状语（时间状从） 9. They pushed the door open. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语+ 时间状

状语种类



How about meeting again at six? Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. Mr Smith lives on the third floor. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. She works very hard though she is old. I am taller than he is.
谓语(predicate or predicate verb) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态, “做什 么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,由动词来担任.
1.
He practices running every morning.
1.
2.
You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
补语complement：补充主语和宾语的意义，说 明主语或宾语的特征。



Hill was declared the winner of the fight. His father named him Tom. They painted their boat white. Let the fresh air in. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the room. We found everything in the lab in good order. We will soon make our city what your city is now.
状语种类





How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
We are students.
1.
宾语(object)：表示动作的对象或承受者， 一般位于及物动词和介词后面。



They went to see an exhibition yesterday. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me. I enjoy listening to popular music. I think（that）he is fit for his office.


11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 主语＋双宾动词＋ 直接宾语＋间接宾语 12.All the students think highly of his teaching. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 +状语 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 15. Don't get nervous. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
句子成分
主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 表语 同位语

主语(Subject) 主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物。
1.
2.
3. 4.
5.
6. 7. 8. 9.
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language. It is necessary that we should master a foreign language.





表语predicative：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征 和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。 Our teacher of English is an American. Is it yours? The weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting. Three times seven is twenty one? His job is to teach English. His hobby is playing football. The machine must be out of order. Time is up. The class is over. The truth is that he has never been abroad.
英语五种基本句型
1. Ｓ+Ｖ （主＋谓） The rain stops. 2.Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） Jane speaks French. 3.Ｓ+L+Ｐ （主＋系＋表） Tom’s father is a professor. 4. Ｓ+Ｖ+O1+ O2 （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） He told us the whowenku.baidu.come story. 5. Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） He found George smart.
同位语(appositive) 同位语用来对一个词或词的内容加以补充和说明。 它通常位于其说明的词或词组之后。


We Chinese are hard-working. You two are very lazy. The truth that he has never been abroad makes me surprised.
状语(adverbial)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个 句子，说明动作或状态特征
Light travels most quickly. He has lived in the city for ten years. He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. He is in the room making a model plane.
分析下列句子。 1. Our school is not far from my home. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 3. All of us considered him honest. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 5. He broke a piece of glass. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语
宾语种类：

Lend me your dictionary, please. 双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） They elected him their monitor. 复合宾语（宾语+宾补）

定语（attribute）：修饰名词或代词


Guilin is a beautiful city. China is a developing country; America is a developed country. There are thirty women teachers in our school. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. He is reading an article about how to learn English. Children who live by the sea usually begin to swim at an early age.
Revision on Basic Grammar
英语基础语法复习
词类：
1. teacher, book 2. we ,me, he 3. two, fifth 4. work, study, live 5. good, big 6. fast, quickly 7. a, an, the 8. in, on, by, with 9. and, but 10. oh，ah 1. 名词 n. 2. 代词 pron. 3. 数词 num. 4. 动词 v. 5. 形容词 adj. 6. 副词 adv . 7. 冠词 art. 8. 介词 prep. 9. 连词 conj. 10. 感叹词 int.