情态动词-have-done的用法

“情态动词+have done”的用法

“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳：

1．should (ought to) have＋过去分词

表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为“should not／ought not to have ＋过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。

Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up. （04’广西卷）A. should have arrived B. should arrive

C. should have had arrived

D. should be arriving

[解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。故答案选[A]。

2．needn’t have＋过去分词

表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。

As you worked late yesterday, you_________ h ave come this morning. (06’陕西卷) A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t

[解析] He needn't have come，表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，根据句意，答案应选[D]。

[注意] He didn't need to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。3．must have＋过去分词

用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。

[注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。

I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere . （05’北京春季）

A. must drop

B. must have dropped

C. must be dropping

D. must have been dropped

[解析]本题应选B。本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。

I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05’天津卷）

A. shouldn't

B. couldn't

C. mustn't

D. needn't

[解析]从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选[b] 。

4．may／might have＋过去分词

表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能／大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。

We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (06’天津卷)

A. needn’t

B. may not

C. shouldn’t

D. mustn’t Key:[b]

5．can／could have＋过去分词

表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能／也许已做了某事吗？”。

--- I stayed at a hotel while in New York .

--- Oh, did you? You ＿＿＿＿with Barbara．(NMET’98)

A. could have stayed

B. could stay

C. would stay

D. must have stayed Key: [A]

巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。

1．---You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?

---No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at a ll.

A. couldn’t have waited

B. needn’t have

C. didn’t need to

D. should wait

2．Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.

A. could

B. might

C. should

D. must

3．---May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o’clock tonight ?”

---“I’m sorry, Mr. Smith to a conference before then.”

A. will have gone

B. had gone

C. would have gone

D. has gone

4．---Tom took away our teacher’s cell phone without being permitted.

--- Really? I can’t imagine that he _______ have done such a th ing.

A. must

B. may

C. can

D. should

5．--- Was it you that made the suggestion?

--- It have been. I can’t remember.

A. need

B. must

C. should

D. may

6．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .

A. should have taken

B. could have taken

C. needn't have taken

D. mustn't have taken

7．He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.

A. could

B. would

C. must

D. need