中国古建筑(英文)

storyed pavilions
The Chinese Ge is similar to the Lou in that both are of two or more storey buildings. The difference between them is that the Ge has a door and windows only on the front side with the other three sides being solid walls. Moreover, Ge is usually enclosed by wooden balustrades or decorated with boards all around.
Functions of terraces :
— as an observatory (观象台）
— as beacon towers(烽火台) along the Great Wall — in honor of the sincere friendship
Storeyed Building
A lou can refer to any building
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Advantages:
— materials for constructing such structures were easily available and construction methods were relatively simple
— the wooden frame structures are shock-resistant, because the parts are linked by tenon-and-mortise (榫卯) joints so that they are safer in earthquakes — the wooden framework bears all the weight of the building, which makes the installation of both the outer and inner walls flexible and able to be placed in accordance with practical needs
Functions of storyed pavilions :
— used in ancient times for the storage of important articles and documents — a place where educated men used to gather to write articles and hold banquets — used for enjoying the sights
Courtyard House（院落式民居）
A courtyard house is a type of house where several
buildings are disposed around a central courtyard.
The most significant characteristic of ancient Chinese architecture: the use of timber/wooden framework
The roofs
• An important part of Chinese architecture. • Not only protect residences from the elements, they also had a deeper meaning.
• Religious Structures（宗教建筑）
Taoist Temple Constructions
A Chinese Taoist temple, generally called gong（宫） or guan（观） in Chinese, is the holy hall where Taoists perform their religious ceremonies.
Pagoda (Ta)
Buddhism came to China during the Eastern or Later Han period. The oldest monastery (siyuan) on Chinese ground is the White Horse Monastery (Baimasi) in Luoyang. A pagoda can also be seen as a symbol for a monastery. By the way, the word "pagoda" derives from the Sanskrit word bhagavat (cf. the book Bhagavatgita) "holy".
Disadvantages:
— Their durability is not as good as structures of brick
or stone.
— wood grows very slowly and cannot be cut on a
large scale recklessly.
--The wooden columns of the buildings, as well as the surface of
the walls, tend to be red in color. --The Chinese dragon was heavily used on Imperial architecture.
Types of Chinese Architectures
• Palace (Gong)
• Pavilion (Ting) • Storeyed Pavilion (Ge) • Terrace (Tai) • Storeyed Building (Lou) • Pagoda (Ta)
•Palace
•Pavilion
A common sight in the country, the Chinese pavilion (ting, which means also a kiosk) is built normally either of wood or stone or bamboo with any of several shapes - square, triangle, hexagon, octagon, a five-petal flower, a fan and more. But all pavilions have columns for support without walls. In parks or some scenic places, pavilions are built on slopes to command the panorama or are built by the lakeside to create intriguing images by water.
terraces
As an ancient architectural structure of Chinese, the tai was a very much elevated terrace with a flat top, generally built of earth and stone and surfaced with brick.
Islamic Mosques
A mosque （清真寺） is a place of worship for followers of Islam.
• Tombs and Mausoleums（陵墓建筑） People of all social classes had their tombs carefully built. Over the centuries, the craft of tomb construction gradually merged with arts like painting, calligraphy and sculpture. It eventually bec百度文库me its own art form.
of two or more storeys with a horizontal main ridge. Functions of multi-story buildings :
— for military use — as private homes — as belvederes（望景楼） — as bell and drum towers
• Temple roofs were curved. • The temple's roof is also made of glazed ceramic tiles and has an overhanging cave distinguished by a graceful upward slope.
• The ridges of each roof carries figurines and/or mythical creatures.
Architectural Features of palaces:
--The ancient palaces were strictly laid out on central axis. -- Yellow roof tiles were used.
Buddhist Temple Constructions
Buddhist Temple Constructions in China include Buddhist temples, monasteries, pagodas, Buddhist halls and grottoes, which are called si （佛寺）, ta （佛塔）, dian (佛殿）and shiku （石窟） in Chinese respectively.
• The curve of each roof can be no more than a sweep and the most intricate designs on the roof are almost always pointing south-east. • However, there are some down sides to having all of these decorations of the roof. • The tremendous weight could eventually bring down the entire complex.
The Chinese word for "palace" is Gong. The Forbidden City of Beijing, which still stands intact and which served as the imperial palace for both Ming and Qing emperors (1368-1911) covers an area of 720,000 square meters and embraces many halls, towers, pavilions and studies measured as 9,900 bays. It is one of the greatest palaces of the world. In short, palaces grew into a veritable city and are often called Gongcheng (palace city).