大学体验英语第四版第二册-1A-TheuniversityofOxford

Un it 1. Famous Uni versities

of higher learning , established during the 1100s. It is located in Oxford, England, about 80 kilometers northwest of London.

牛津大学是英国最古老的大学，也是世界上最著名的高等学府之一，始建于公元1100年代。它位于英

国牛津，在伦敦西北约80公里处。

[2] Oxford is very competitive: more tha n 19 000 people applied for around 3200 un dergraduate places for entry in 2016, which means that Oxford receives, on average, n early 6 applicati ons for each available place. 40% of the total stude nt body —over 9 300 stude nts —is citize ns of foreig n coun tries. Stude nts come to Oxford from over 140 countries and territories. There are 38 Oxford colleges plus six permanent private halls, which are similar to colleges except that they tend to be smaller, and were founded by various religious groups.

牛津大学的竞争非常激烈：2016年有超过19000人申请了约3200个本科入学名额，这意味着牛津大学平均每个入学名额都会收到近6份申请。学生总数的40% —9300多名学生一是外国公民。来自140多个国

家和地区的学生来到牛津。牛津大学共有38所学院，外加6个永久性的私人大学堂，它们与大学相似，只

不过规模较小，而且是由不同的宗教团体创立的。

[3] At Oxford, each college is a corporate body dist inct from the uni versity and is gover ned by its own head and fellows. Most fellows are college in structors called tutors, and the rest are uni versity professors and lecturers. Each college man ages its own buildi ngs and property, elects its own fellows, and selects and admits its own undergraduate students. The university provides some libraries, laboratories, and other facilities, but the colleges take primary resp on sibility for the teachi ng and well-be ing of their stude nts.

牛津的每个学院都是独立于大学的实体，由该学院的院长和管委会成员负责管理。绝大多数管委会成员都是被称为导师的学院教师其余的是大学教授和讲师。每个学院管理自己的房产和资产，选举自己的管委会，遴选和招收自己的本科生。大学提供一些图书馆、实验室和其他设施，但教学和学生生活主要由各学院负责。

[4] The uni versity, not the in dividual colleges, gra nts degrees. The first degree in the arts or scie nces is the Bachelor of Arts with honors. Oxford also grants higher degrees, diplomas, and certificates in a wide variety of subjects.

学位由大学而不是各个学院授予。最低文科或理科学位是优等文学学士。牛津还在其他众多学科领域授予更高的学位、文凭和证书。

[5] Each stude nt at Oxford is assig ned to a tutor, who supervises the stude nt's program of study, primarily through tutorials. Tutorials are weekly meetings of one or two students with their tutor. Students may see other tutors for specialized in struct ion. They may also atte nd lectures give n by uni versity teachers. Stude nts choose which lectures to attend on the basis of their own special interests and on the advice of their tutors.

牛津大学给每个学生指定一名导师，主要通过辅导监督学生的学习。辅导课是一两名学生每周与导师的会面。学生如需专业指导，还可以去约见其他导师，也可以选听大学教书讲授的课程。学生选听什么课程是根据自己的兴趣和导师的建议而定的。

[6] There are nu merous prizes awarded each year to both un dergraduate and postgraduate

stude nts to recog nize outsta nding achieveme nts. Prizes are also awarded annu ally by the Exami ners to

un dergraduate stude nts to recog nize outsta nding performa nee in exam in ati ons. For in sta nee, The Rebecca West Prize for Writing is open to all students at the University of Oxford.

每年都有许多奖项颁发给本科生和研究生，以表彰他们的杰出成就。考试机构每年也会办法奖项给本

科生以表彰他们在考试中的优异表现。例如，丽贝卡韦斯特写作奖对牛津大学的所有学生开放