英皇乐理级演奏指示erformancedirections
英皇乐理常见术语
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英皇ABRSMTest 6DRomantic 浪漫主义Texture 织体1.Single bass note on downbeat followed by two chords, 单一低音强拍,接下来是两个和弦2.Louder phrase started in octaves, quieter phrases started withchords,以八度音阶开始的响亮的乐句,以和弦开始的轻的乐句3.Melody with accompaniment texture in two parts, 两个部分中,伴奏织体的旋律4.Melody with chordal accompaniment 有和弦伴奏的旋律5.Arpeggics at beginning followed by melody with chordalaccompaniment琶音开头,接着是有和弦伴奏的旋律Structure 结构1.Two equal length/ each 8 bars两个长度相等,每个有8 小节2.Short introduction followed by two phrases简短介绍,紧接着两个乐句3.Three,first and last share some of the same material/ABA/major- minor-major 三部分,第一部分和最后一部分有一些相同的元素ABA 式,大调-小调-大调4.The opening section introductionCharacter 特征1.Lilting waltz-like triple meter, regular repeatingaccompaniment lively tempo, animated, dance-like,像华尔兹一样的轻快的三拍,重复的伴奏,活泼的速度,活泼的,像跳舞一样的2.Smooth repeating/ostinato accompaniment, cantabile/floatingmelody with flexible rhythm, quiet dynamic, calm, restful 连续的重复,固定音型伴奏,节奏灵活的如歌的/流动的旋律,轻的,安静的,给人休息的3.Song-like melody, regular phrase lengths, slow tempo andbreathing spaces between phrases, major-minor alternations, serious, gentle像唱歌一样的旋律,长度有规律的乐句,慢速,乐句之间的停顿,大调小调的转换,严肃的,轻柔的Style and Period 风格与时期1.Rich (sometimes unexpected) chromatic harmony,irregular/asymmetrical phrases, waltz-style melody and accompaniment texture, use of sustaining pedal丰富的(有时出乎意料的)半音和声,不规则,不对称的乐句,华尔兹风格的旋律和伴奏织体,使用延音踏板2. Dramatic/bold contrasts of dynamics/texture/sonorityanimated/fast waltz-like rhythm, use of sustaining pedal.戏剧性的/大胆的** 织体、响亮程度的反差,活泼的,快的,华尔兹式韵律,使用延音踏板3.Colourful/pentatonic harmony, use of sustainingpedal/sonority, flexible rhythm, lack of dissonance, Impressionistic ,some Romantic features,多彩的/五音音阶的和声,使用延音踏板/响亮程度,灵活的韵律,没有不和谐音,印象派的,一些浪漫主义的特征4.Warm chordal texture, use of chromatic notes/harmoies ,lyricalmelody,abrupt change to minor key温暖的和弦织体,使用半音/和声抒情诗调的旋律突变为小调5.Lyrical/cantabile melody, chromaticisim, rich sonority anduse of sustaining pedal抒情诗调的/如歌的旋律富有半音音阶的,响亮度变化吩咐的,使用延音踏板Dynamicis 力度1.Sudden change from very loud to much quieter in each half of thepiece 在曲子中部从非常响亮突变为非常安静,Tonality 调2.Alternates between minor and major在小调和大调之间转换3.Brief section in minor key towards the middle, then returnto major key 从开始到中间是小调,后面变回大调Baroque :Texture1.Chordal passages alternate with phrases in octaves和弦过渡到八度音阶2.Contrapuntal/imitative/two-part/polyphonic对位/ /两部分/复音3.Mostly two-part texture, occasional chords, 大多是两部分织体,偶尔有和弦Tonality 调1.Ends with a major chord, but elsewhere often dissonant,tonality unclear以大调结尾,但其他地方不和谐的,调不明确Character 特征2.Loud, harmonic clashes, abrupt changes between two ideas,repeating rhythms, angry forceful响亮,不太好听的和弦,重复的韵律,生气的力度3.Flowing tempo, major key, uniform loud dynamic, crisparticulation, fanfare-like chords, joyful spirited流畅的速度,大调,均衡响亮的力度,清脆的喇叭样的和弦,愉悦的精神4.Flowing scalic runs, clear and contrasted articulations,major key, use of imitation, energetic, playful清楚的,对比明显的断连,大调,使用模仿,有活力的,好玩的Style and period 风格和时期1.Clashing harmonies, lack of defined key/ modal, use ofaccents, uneven phrase lengths断裂的和声,缺少定义键/模式,使用重音,乐句长度不规则e of imitation, simple harmony, clear articulation andtexture, ornamentation, use of a limited range of thekeyboard suggests it was written for harpsichord使用模仿,简单的和声,清楚的断连和织体,装饰音,使用有限区域的键盘表明曲子是为羽管键琴3.Imitative two-part texture, crisp articulation, limiteddynamic and pitch range, regular phrase lengths,ornamentation模仿两段织体,清脆的断连,有限的力度和音高范围,规则的乐句长度,装饰音Articulation断还是连1.Mixture of staccato and legato, but mostly detached 断连混合,但大部分是断2.Scales legato, elsewhere mainly staccato 音阶是连的,其他地方大都是断20thTexture 织体1. Melody with chordal accompaniment有和弦伴奏的旋律Tempo 速度1. Relaxed/ moderate, medium-swing tempo, rit at end放松的,中等的,Character 特征1. Jaunty/swung rhythms, syncopation in the tune, generallyquiet dynamic, relaxed tempo, cheerful, easy-going character 快活的/摇摆的节奏,调中的切分音,渐轻的力度,放松的速速,欢呼的,轻松的特征。
英皇乐理~级演奏指示erformancedirections
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(一)演奏术语accelerando/accel.Adagio Allegretto allegro andantecantabile crescendo/cresc. da capo/D.C. dal segno/D.S. decrescendo/decresc. dimimmndo/dim.fine( =forte ) (=fortissimo) legato lento mezzo(=mezzo forte ) ( =mezzo piano ) moderato p (=piano) pp (=pianissimo) pocorallentando/rall. ritardando/ritard./rit. gradually getting quicker slow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro ) quick( cheerful )at a walking pace in a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the signbecoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloudvery loudsmoothlyslowhalf( moderately ) moderately loud moderately quiet moderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick ) quiet very quiet a little , slightly gradually getting slower gradually getting slower 逐渐加快 慢(舒适) 稍快(但不及allegro 快) 快(欢乐),快板 如行走般的速度如歌唱似的风格 渐强 从头再奏 回到记号“”处再奏渐弱 渐弱 结束处 强,响亮 很强 圆滑地 慢一半(适中) 中强 中弱 中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板) 弱 很弱 少许,稍 渐慢 渐慢 ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo(二)演奏符号held back ( immediately slowing down ) detached speed ,time( a tempo : in time ) gradually getting louder演奏指示Performance一级:(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter (=diminuendo/decrescendo) detached(=staccato ) accentpause on the note (or rest) ( =fermata )repeat marks: at the second sign,repeat the music from the first sign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeat from thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining two notes ofthe same pitch into a single sustainedsoundslur: perform the notes smoothly( a curved line over or under two ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音,断奏速度,时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度) 渐强(=crescendo)渐弱(=diminuendo/decrescendo )断音,断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
英皇乐理1~5级演奏指示Performance Directions(精品资料).doc
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【最新整理,下载后即可编辑】(一)演奏术语accelerando/accel. Adagio Allegrettoallegroandante cantabile crescendo/cresc.da capo/D.C.dal segno/D.S. decrescendo/decresc. dimimmndo/dim. fine( =forte )(=fortissimo) legatolento mezzo(=mezzo forte )( =mezzo piano )moderatop(=piano)pp(=pianissimo)pocorallentando/rall.ritardando/ritard./rit.gradually getting quickerslow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro )quick( cheerful )at a walking pacein a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the signbecoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloudvery loudsmoothlyslowhalf( moderately )moderately loudmoderately quietmoderately( allegro moderato ;moderately quick )quietvery quieta little , slightlygradually getting slowergradually getting slower演奏指示Performance Directions 一级:逐渐加快慢(舒适)稍快(但不及allegro快) 快(欢乐),快板如行走般的速度如歌唱似的风格渐强从头再奏回到记号“”处再奏渐弱渐弱结束处强,响亮很强圆滑地慢一半(适中) 中强中弱中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板)弱很弱少许,稍渐慢渐慢ritenuto/riten.staccato/state.tempo(二)演奏符号held back ( immediatelyslowing down )detachedspeed,time( a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decre scendo)detached(=staccato ) accentpause on the note (or rest)( =fermata ) repeat marks: at the second sign,repeat the music from the firstsign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeatfrom thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining twonotes ofthe same pitch into a singlesustainedsoundslur: perform the notessmoothly( a curved line over or undertwo ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音,断奏速度,时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱(=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音,断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
英皇钢琴五级考级大纲英文版la chevaleresque
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ABRSM Grade 5 Piano Syllabus: La ChevaleresqueIntroductionLa Chevaleresque is a piano piece composed by French composer Johann Friedrich Franz Burgmüller. It is one of the selected pieces for the ABRSM Grade 5 Piano examination. This syllabus will provide a detailed outline of the main sections and their respective sub-sections, ensuring clarity, comprehensiveness, and depth.Section 1: Technical RequirementsThis section will focus on the technical skills required to perform La Chevaleresque proficiently. It includes the following sub-sections:1.1 Scales and ArpeggiosStudents will be required to demonstrate proficiency in major and minor scales, as well as arpeggios, in all keys.1.2 Sight-readingStudents will be given a short piece of music to sight-read, testing their ability to read and interpret a new piece of music accurately and effectively.Section 2: RepertoireThis section will outline the main repertoire section of the Grade 5 examination, featuring La Chevaleresque as the selected piece. It includes the following sub-sections:2.1 La Chevaleresque - J ohann Friedrich Franz BurgmüllerStudents are expected to perform La Chevaleresque with precision and musicality. The piece consists of the following parts:2.1.1 IntroductionThe introduction sets the tone and mood of the piece, establishing a playful and adventurous atmosphere.2.1.2 Theme 1Theme 1 is characterized by its energetic and lively melody. The student should emphasize the dynamic contrasts and articulation nuances.2.1.3 TransitionThe transition serves as a bridge between Theme 1 and Theme 2. Students should pay attention to the phrasing and continuity during this section.2.1.4 Theme 2Theme 2 presents a contrasting melody to Theme 1, showcasing a more lyrical and expressive character. The student should highlight the melodic shape and use of dynamics.2.1.5 CodaThe coda brings the piece to a satisfying conclusion, with a final flourish. The student must maintain control and clarity throughout this section.2.2 Additional RepertoireIn addition to La Chevaleresque, students must also prepare and perform two contrasting pieces from the Grade 5 repertoire list provided by ABRSM. These pieces will test their ability to interpret different musical styles and genres.Section 3: Music TheoryThis section will cover the theoretical aspects necessary for the Grade 5 examination. It includes the following sub-sections:3.1 General KnowledgeStudents should demonstrate a good understanding of scales, modes, and ornamentation. They should be able to identify and define key musical terms related to La Chevaleresque and other pieces.3.2 Aural SkillsStudents will be assessed on their ability to recognize and identify melodic and harmonic intervals, chords, and cadences. They should also be able to sight-sing a given melody.3.3 Sight-singingStudents will be given a short melody to sight-sing, testing theirability to accurately reproduce pitch and rhythm.3.4 Score ReadingStudents will be required to analyze and interpret a musical score, demonstrating their understanding of key signatures, time signatures, and other notational elements.ConclusionThis syllabus provides a comprehensive and detailed outline of the ABRSM Grade 5 Piano examination, focusing on the piece “La Chevaleresque” by Johann Friedrich Franz Burgmüller. By mastering the technical requirements, performing the selected piece with musicality and precision, and demonstrating theoretical knowledge and skills, students will be well-prepared for the Grade 5 examination.。
英皇乐理~年级演奏指示erformancedirections
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(一)演奏术语accelerando/accel. Adagio Allegretto allegro andante cantabile crescendo/cresc. da capo/. dal segno/. decrescendo/decresc .dimimmndo/dim. fine ( =forte ) (=fortissimo) legato lento mezzo(=mezzo forte ) ( =mezzo piano ) moderatop (=piano) pp (=pianissimo)pocorallentando/rall. ritardando/ritard./rit. gradually getting quicker slow(at ease ) fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro ) quick( cheerful ) at a walking pace in a singing style gradually getting louderrepeat from the beginning repeat from the signbecoming gradually softer becoming gradually softer the end loud very loud smoothly slowhalf( moderately )moderately loud moderately quiet moderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick ) quiet very quieta little , slightlygradually getting slower gradually getting slower 逐渐加快 慢(舒适) 稍快(但不及allegro 快) 快(欢乐),快板 如行走般的速度 如歌唱似的风格 渐强 从头再奏 回到记号“”处再奏渐弱 渐弱 结束处演奏指示Performance Directions一级:强,响亮很强圆滑地慢一半(适中)中强中弱中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板)弱很弱少许,稍渐慢渐慢ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo(二)演奏符号held back( immediately slowing down ) detached speed,time( a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo)detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest)( =fermata )repeat marks: at the secondsign,repeat the music from the firstsign(ifthe first sign is left out,repeat from thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining twonotes ofthe same pitch into a singlesustainedsoundslur: perform the notessmoothly( a curved line over or undertwo ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音,断奏速度,时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱(=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音,断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
英皇乐理~级演奏指示erformancedirections
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(一)演奏术语accelerando/accel.Adagio Allegretto allegro andantecantabile crescendo/cresc. da capo/D.C. dal segno/D.S. decrescendo/decresc. dimimmndo/dim.fine( =forte ) (=fortissimo) legato lento mezzo(=mezzo forte ) ( =mezzo piano ) moderato p (=piano) pp (=pianissimo) pocorallentando/rall. ritardando/ritard./rit. gradually getting quicker slow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro ) quick( cheerful )at a walking pace in a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the signbecoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloudvery loudsmoothlyslowhalf( moderately ) moderately loud moderately quiet moderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick ) quiet very quiet a little , slightly gradually getting slower gradually getting slower 逐渐加快 慢(舒适) 稍快(但不及allegro 快) 快(欢乐),快板 如行走般的速度如歌唱似的风格 渐强 从头再奏 回到记号“”处再奏渐弱 渐弱 结束处 强,响亮 很强 圆滑地 慢 一半(适中) 中强 中弱 中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板) 弱 很弱 少许,稍 渐慢 渐慢ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo(二)演奏符号held back ( immediately slowing down ) detached speed ,time ( a tempo : in time ) gradually getting louder演奏指示Performance Directions一级:(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo) detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest) ( =fermata )repeat marks: at the second sign,repeat the music from the first sign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeat from thebeginning )tie: a curved line joining two notes ofthe same pitch into a single sustainedsoundslur: perform the notes smoothly( a curved line over or under two ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音,断奏速度,时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度) 渐强(=crescendo)渐弱(=diminuendo/decrescendo) 断音,断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
英皇乐理考级1-5级
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英皇乐理考级(1-5)(ABRSM)乐理一级考试内容如下:一、全音符、二分音符、四分音符、八分音符和十六分音符等音符时值和符。
二、2/4,3/4,4/4等单拍子记号,小节线,和在这些拍子中涉及上列各的第一拍开始的指定节奏后面,加上两小节的节奏答句。
三、谱表及高音(G)和低音(F)谱号。
在谱表的音符名称,包括在两种记号和取消它们的做法。
四、大调音阶的构成——包括全音和半音的分布。
在两种谱表中的C,G,D,主三和弦(原位)、音阶度数(只须以数目表示),和以主音为基础的音五、有关速度、力度、演奏指示、发音法等的常用术语和符号。
还有一些表——来发问的简单题目。
一、2/2,3/2,4/2,3/8等单拍子记号,和在这些节奏中的音符、休止符组合。
问题将包括使用一个指定的开端,写作一段以一小节中第一拍开始的二、谱表的使用范围会扩展到包括谱表上面和下面两条附加线。
三、小调音阶的构成(考生可自行选择使用和声或旋律音阶,但须确定自等大调及A,E,D等小调的音阶和调号。
这几个调的主三和弦(原位)、音音为基础的音程(只须用数目表示)。
四、更多常用术语和符号。
乐理三级考试内容如下:在乐理一级和二级考试内容的基础上,增加以下内容:一、6/8,9/8,12/8等复拍子记号,和在这些节奏中的音符、休止符组及休止符。
问题将包括使用一个指定的开端(可能由弱拍开始),写作一节奏。
二、谱表的使用范围会扩展到使用超过两条附加线。
把一段简单旋律在高作八度移调。
三、直至四个升/降号的所有大调和小调,这些调的的音阶(小调音阶包式)、调号、主三和弦(原位)、音阶度数(只须用数目表示),和以主只须用数目表示)。
五、更多术语和符号。
在那些涉及一段旋律的简单问题中,或会有其中之乐理四级考试内容如下:在乐理一级至三级考试内容的基础上,增加以下内容:一、所有二拍、三拍及四拍的单拍子及复拍子记号,和在这些节奏中的音。
二连音。
问题亦会包括节奏创作:考生可选择创作一段四小节长的节奏二、中音谱号(以第三线为中央C的C谱号)。
英皇萨克斯考级大纲
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英皇萨克斯考级大纲萨克斯管第一级三首乐曲:考生从列表A、B、C中分别选择一首,并可选用降E 或降B调萨克斯管吹奏曲目表C中的一首乐曲List A-C:(略)本级的听觉测试音阶与琶音:背谱,在以下调性范围内,以连音和吐音的方式吹奏F,G大调;D小调(一个八度)音阶:在以上调性范围内(由考生选择旋律、和声或自然小调)琶音:以上调性范围内的基本和弦视奏:在本级别之前和本级别所规定的调性、音符以及整个音阶要求范围内,演奏一首单拍子的短曲。
也许会包含一些临时记号、附点音符和连音。
萨克斯管第二级三首乐曲:考生从列表A、B、C中分别选择一首,并可选用降E 或降B调萨克斯管吹奏曲目表C中的一首乐曲List A-C:(略)本级的听觉测试音阶与琶音:背谱,在以下调性范围内,以连音和吐音的方式吹奏F,G大调;D,A小调(一个八度)D大调(两个八度)音阶:在以上调性范围内(由考生选择旋律、和声或自然小调)琶音:以上调性范围内的基本和弦视奏:在本级别之前和本级别所规定的调性、音符以及整个音阶要求范围内,演奏一首单拍子的短曲。
也许会包含一些临时记号、附点音符和连音。
萨克斯管第三级三首乐曲:考生从列表A、B、C中分别选择一首,并可选用降E 或降B调萨克斯管吹奏曲目表C中的一首乐曲List A-C:(略)本级的听觉测试音阶与琶音:背谱,在以下调性范围内,以连音和吐音的方式吹奏降B大调(比最低位置的主音高一个八度的音开始);E,G,A 小调(一个八度)F,G大调;D小调(一个十二度)C大调(两个八度)音阶:在以上调性范围内(由考生选择旋律小调或和声小调)半音阶:从G音开始(一个八度)琶音:以上调性范围内的基本和弦视奏:在本级别之前和本级别所规定的调性、音符以及整个音阶要求范围内,演奏一首单拍子的短曲。
萨克斯管第四级三首乐曲:考生从列表A、B、C中分别选择一首,并可选用降E 或降B调萨克斯管吹奏曲目表C中的一首乐曲List A-C:(略)本级的听觉测试音阶与琶音:背谱,在以下调性范围内,以连音和吐音的方式吹奏A大调(一个八度)F大调;升F,G小调(一个十二度)C,D,降E大调;B,C,D小调(两个八度)音阶:在以上调性范围内(由考生选择旋律小调或和声小调)半音阶:从C,D音开始(两个八度)琶音:以上调性范围内的基本和弦属七和弦:在G调中(两个八度)视奏:在本级别之前和本级别所规定的调性、音符以及整个音阶要求范围内,演奏一首单拍子或复拍子的短曲。
英皇五级乐理术语
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英皇五级乐理术语
1. 音符记号:乐谱中用来标记演奏音符的符号,如整音符、半音符、四分音符等。
2. 节拍:音乐中的节奏感,通常由重音和轻音组成,以固定的时间间隔重复出现。
3. 调号:乐谱中用来表示调性的符号,常见的有大调和小调。
4. 音阶:由一定顺序的音符组成的音乐段落,通常包括七个不同的音符。
5. 和声:指两个或更多音符的组合,产生的和谐效果。
和声可以通过和弦、和音等方式进行。
6. 节奏:音乐中的时间感,通常由节拍的强弱和分布组成。
7. 音程:指两个音符之间的距离,可以用数字表示。
8. 重音:强调某个音符或音符组合的节奏,产生突出的效果。
9. 音调:指特定音高的音符,如低音、中音、高音等。
10. 旋律:由一系列音符组成的乐曲或乐段,通常具有一定的音高和音程结构。
英国皇家学院考级曲目
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英国皇家学院考级曲目2008年05月24日星期六下午 01:40Piano Grade 8 (Subject Code: 01)THEORY OF MUSIC, PRACTICAL MUSICIANSHIP OR SOLO JAZZ SUBJECT: Grade 5 must have been passed.SCALES AND ARPEGGIOS (Published by the Board): from memory, in the following keys:C, D, B, F sharp, F, E flat, A flat, D flat majors and minorsScales: legato or staccato, as directed by the examiner:i.in similar motion with hands together one octave apart, and witheach hand separately, in the above keys (minors in both melodic and harmonic forms) (four octaves)ii.in similar motion with hands together a third apart, and a sixth apart, in the above keys (minors in harmonic form only) (fouroctaves)iii.legato only, in thirds with each hand separately in the keys ofC and B flat majors (two octaves)Chromatic Scales: legato or staccato, as directed by the examiner:i.in similar motion with hands together a minor third apart,beginning on any note named by the examiner (four octaves)ii.legato only, with each hand separately, in minor thirds beginning on A sharp/C sharp (two octaves)Arpeggios: legato only, with hands together one octave apart, and with each hand separately:i.the common chords, in root position, first and second inversions,of the above keys (four octaves)ii.dominant seventh chords, in root position only, in the above keys (four octaves)iii.diminished seventh chords beginning on any note named by the examiner (four octaves)THREE PIECES: one chosen by the candidate from each of the three Lists, A, B and C:LIST A1.J.S. Bach Partita no.2 in C minor, BWV 826: 4th and 5th movts,Sarabande and RondeauxSelected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)2.Handel Fugue no.1 in G minor, HWV 605Selected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)3.Hindermith Praeludium, from 'Ludus Tonalis'Selected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)4.J.S.Bach Prelude and Fugue in G, BWV 884: no.15 from 'The WellTempered Clavier', Part 2(Associated Board)5.Handel Suite no.3 in D minor (1720 Collection), HWV 428: 1st and2nd movts, Prelude and (Fuga) Allegro.Handel 8 Great Suites, Book 1 (Associated Board)6.Scarlatti Fugue (Sonata) in C minor, Kp.58, L.158.Scarlatti The 5 Fugues (Associated Board)7.Scarlatti Sonata in D minor, Kp.191, L.207.The Scholar's Scarlatti, Vol.3 (Novello/Music Sales)8.Shostakovich Prelude and Fugue in D: no.5 from '24 Preludes andFugues', Op.87, Vol.1LIST B1.Beethoven Sonata in F minor, Op.2 no.1: 1st movt, AllegroSelected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)2.Schubert Sonata in A, Op.120, D664: 1st movt, Allegro moderatoSelected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)3.Haydn Sonata in C minor, Hob.XVI/20: 1st movt, Allegro moderatoSelected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)4.C.P.E. Bach Sonata in A flat, Wq.49/2: 1st movt, Un poco allegro.C.P.E. Bach Selected Keyboard Works, Book 3 (Associated Board)5.Beethoven Sonata in G, Op.14 no.2: 1st movt, Allegro(Associated Board)6.Haydn Sonata in E minor, Hob.XVI/34: 1st movt, Presto.No. 53 from Haydn Complete Piano Sonatas, Vol.3 (WienerUrtext-Universal/ M.D.S.)7.Mozart Sonata in D, K.311: 1st movt, Allegro con spirito.(Associated Board)8.Mozart Sonata in B flat, K.570: 1st movt, Allegro.(Associated Board)LIST C1.L. Berkeley Prelude no.3 from '6 Preludes', Op.23Selected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)2.Blumenfeld Berceuse, Op23 no.3Selected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)3.Joaquín Turina Sacro-Monte: no.5 from '5 Danzas Gitanas', Op.55Selected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)4.Philip Cashian LandscapeSelected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)5.Copland Piano Blues no.3, from '4 Piano Blues'Selected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)6.Iain Hamilton Spring Fountain: no.7 from 'A Book of Watercolours'Selected Piano Examination Pieces 2003-2004, Grade 8 (Associated Board)7.Brahms Intermezzo in B flat: no.4 from '8 Piano Pieces', Op.76(Associated Board)8.Chopin Waltz in E minor, Op.posth.Chopin Waltzes (Henle orHenle-Schott/ M.D.S.)9.Debussy Minstrels: no.12 from 'Préludes', Book 1(U.M.P. orWiener Urtext-Universal/ M.D.S.)10.Grieg Sonata in E minor, Op.7: 2nd movt, Andante molto. (Peters P-2278)11.Janácek In the Mist: no.1, Andante(Bärenreiter H6070/5)12.Mendelssohn Song without Words (Duetto), Op.38 no.6.Mendelssohn Songs Without Words (Associated Board)13.Poulenc Novelette no.2 in B flat minor, from '3 Novelettes'(Chester/Music Sales)14.Rachmaninov Moment Musical in D flat, no.5 from '6 MomentsMusicaux', Op.16(Anton Benjamin EE3170/Boosey & Hawkes)15.Schoenberg 6 Kleine Klavierstücke, Op.19: nos.4, 5 and 6.Schoenberg Selected Works for Piano (Wiener Urtext-Universal/ M.D.S.)16.Skryabin Etude in C sharp minor, Op.2 no.1.Scriabin Selected Works (Alfred Publishing/Faber)。
英皇考级术语(带解释)
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各年英皇乐理考试术语归类 By Miss Mai2014Adagio[意]慢dolce [意]甜蜜的,温柔[意]重音Langsam [德]缓慢地> 强音区别于渐弱grazioso [意]优雅的,优美的Scherzando ( scherzoso ) [意]幽默,诙谐的Allegretto ma non troppo [ 意]稍快,但不太过分Vivace [意]快速,有生气地Leggiero [意] 轻巧、灵活、敏捷地由最低音开始,一音接一音快速地奏出和弦2013各年英皇乐理考试术语归类By Miss Mai Allegretto [意]稍快/小快板Adagio[意]慢ritard./ rit. [意]逐渐减慢teneramente /(tenerezza ) [ 意]温柔zart [ 德]纤细地,温柔地bewegt [德]富动感的sempre espressivo [ 意] 持续地富有表情的ad lib./ ad libitum [ 意]可以自由地演奏一个乐段con sord. (/sordini ) 使用弱音器Senza ped. ( pedal ) [意]取消使用踏板pizzicato 拨弦强有力地重复记号各年英皇乐理考试术语归类 By Miss Maida capo(或 D.C.)由乐曲开端起重复;dal segno (或 D.S. )由符号起重复解释┌─5─┐( 在一个?音符的时值内平均演奏五个音 )的意思8va ─┐升高一个八度演奏8va___ │降低一个八度演奏P.____ │(或 Leo *)踏下/放开右边踏板Poco meno mosso [意]稍慢一点点(稍较少动感)2012ten. (tenuto 的缩写) [意]音符以十足时值奏出Andante [意]中等速度(像走路一般的速度) cantabile [意]如歌地dolce [意]甜蜜的,温柔grazioso [意]优雅的,优美的各年英皇乐理考试术语归类Etwas [德] 有点儿,颇为Schnell[德] =geschwind 快速的con sord. [意]使用弱音器Pizzicato ( pizz. ) [意]弦乐器拨奏—— arco 用弓拉由最低音开始,一音接一音快速地奏出和弦Alla marcia [意]进行曲风格=100 演奏的速度是每分钟 100 个四分音符8va ─┐ 高八度演奏以下音符By Miss Mai2011Adagio ma non tanto [ 意]慢,但不过分Allegro ma non troppo [ 意]快,但不太过分Andante[意]中等速度(像走路一般的速度) Massig[德]中等速度各年英皇乐理考试术语归类 By Miss MaiLebhafe[德]有生气的Langsam [德]缓慢地Schnell [德]快速的Retenu[ 法]踌躇,退缩 ( enretenu 速度稍减慢) Legerement [法]轻巧的( [意]leggiero 轻巧、灵活、敏捷地) poco rit. [意]稍许渐慢Adagio[意]慢Sempre (或 sostenuto ) pp[意] 持续地,很弱(地演奏)8va ─┐高八度演奏以下音符2010解释┌─5─┐( 在一个?音符的时值内平均演奏五个音 )的意思Doloroso (dolore ) [ 意] 悲痛的con sord. (/sordini ) [意] 使用弱音器各年英皇乐理考试术语归类 By Miss Mai小提琴声部的标记落弓Moderato [意] 中庸的速度Grazioso[意] 优雅地Giocoso [意]欢乐地,嬉戏的从头开始反复弹奏一遍Allegro animato [意]快速的精神地意]重音Legato [意]圆滑地Cantabile [意]如歌地Rubato [意]稍微自由的拍子Langsam [德]缓慢地tempo rubato [意]弹性速度/稍位自由的拍子Molto Allegro ,vivace 很快,有生气地各年英皇乐理考试术语归类 By Miss Maivif 有生气地Assez vite [法]足够的快速地2009Scherzando ( scherzoso ) [意]幽默,诙谐的Allegro con brio [意]快,(且)有活力的Lento assai [意]很慢Sotto voce[意] 用轻声地(演奏/唱 )Con moto [意]有动感的Allegretto grazioso[ 意]稍快,优雅地从头开始反复弹奏一遍小提琴声部的标记落弓Etwas lebhaft[德] 颇为有生气的各年英皇乐理考试术语归类 By Miss Mai解释三连音,以一个八分音符的时值平均演奏 3 个十六分音符2008Scherzando ( scherzoso ) [意]幽默,诙谐地Cantabile assai [意]非常如歌地Adagio[意]慢Etwas lebhaft[德] 颇为有生气的或延音记号=80 演奏的速度是每分钟 80 个八分音符解释┌─6─┐ 六连音,以______音符的时值,演奏六个____分音符。
五级乐理考试(英国皇家音乐学院)
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Texture (think in terms of thick or thin) Homophonic: chordal, medlody usually in the upper part with chords or broken chords in the lower part Contrapuntal: two or more melodic lines of equal importance combined together Time Number of beats in a bar (2, 3 or 4); simple or compound Tonality major, minor, modal or atonal Rhythm (the pattern of note values) ar or irregular; describe rhythmic figures (e.g. dotted rhythm, triplets, syncopation) Articulation detached, smooth, accented or ornamented Dynamics (loud/quiet, gradually getting louder/quieter) mf; f; ff; mp; p; pp; crescendo; diminusndo
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STRAD:
S Structure and form; Style and period T Tempo; Texture; Time; Tonality R Rhythm A Articulation D Dynamics
Style and period (character; when the music was composed) Style can also include character or mood. Use words like: piangevole (plaintive) dolce (sweet) pesante (heavy) marcato (accented) agitato (agitated) vivace (lively)
英皇长笛考级标准-概述说明以及解释
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英皇长笛考级标准-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述概述部分:长笛考级标准是指根据英国皇家音乐学院(ABRSM)制定的一套标准,用于评定学生长笛演奏水平和技能的考核体系。
这一体系包括了不同级别的考试内容和要求,旨在帮助学生逐步提升长笛演奏技能,并获得相应的证书和等级认可。
长笛考级标准涵盖了技术要求、曲目演奏、乐理知识等方面的考核内容,是一种权威的评定方式,也是学习长笛的一种有效途径。
通过对考级标准的了解和实践,学生可以更全面地提升自己的长笛演奏技能,同时也有助于培养学生的音乐能力和表现力。
在本文中,将对英皇长笛考级标准进行深入的分析和探讨,以帮助读者更好地了解和应用这一标准。
1.2 文章结构本文将分为三个部分,分别是引言、正文和结论。
在引言部分,将对英皇长笛考级标准进行概述,介绍文章的结构以及阐明撰写此文的目的。
在正文部分,将详细介绍英皇长笛考级标准的概述,包括对考级标准的要点进行讲解,以及对考级标准的实际应用进行探讨。
在结论部分,将总结全文的内容,展望英皇长笛考级标准的未来发展,最后进行总结性陈述。
1.3 目的英皇长笛考级标准的制定旨在为学习长笛的学生提供一个清晰的学习路径和目标。
通过规范化的考级标准,学生可以更好地了解自己的学习进度和水平,同时也可以更好地规划未来的学习方向和目标。
考级标准的目的还在于提高学生的音乐技能和表现能力,鼓励他们不断提高自己的水平。
通过参加考级考试,学生可以接受专业评估和建议,了解自己的优势和不足之处,进而有ge更有ge机会提升自己的音乐技能。
另外,英皇长笛考级标准也可以促进长笛音乐教育的发展,推动长笛音乐教学水平的提高。
通过制定统一的考级标准,长笛音乐教师可以有一个共同的标准和目标,帮助学生更好地提高音乐水平。
同时,考级标准也可以为长笛音乐教育提供一个参考框架,促进长笛音乐教育的规范化和专业化发展。
2.正文2.1 英皇长笛考级标准概述英皇长笛考级标准是由英国皇家音乐学院(ABRSM)制定的一套评定长笛演奏水平的标准。
最新B 英皇考级--乐理考试大纲
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英国皇家音乐学院联合考试委员会音乐考试(英皇考级)乐理考试大纲乐理一级1、全音符、二分音符、四分音符、八分音符和十六分音符以及相应的休止符的时值(考生可以运用“the whole note”、“half note”等术语来表达)。
连音、单附点音符和休止符。
2、 2/4、3/4、4/4单拍子记号,小节线,以及以上列出的这些拍子范围内的音符组合。
为一个从第一拍开始的指定节奏,再创作两小节的节奏。
3、五线谱以及高音(G)和低音(F)谱号。
五线谱上的音符名称,包括两种谱号的中央C。
升号、降号、还原记号和还原方法。
4、大调音阶的构成,包括全音和半音的位置。
两种谱号的C大调、G大调、D大调和F大调的音阶和调号,及其主三和弦(原位)、音程度数(只需标明数字),及建立在主音上的音程(只需标明数字)。
5、有关速度、力度、演奏指示、发音等常用术语和记号,以及关于记录在高音或低音谱表上的一条旋律的简单问题。
乐理二级在一级的基础上增加如下内容:1. 2/2,3/2,4/2,3/8单拍子记号,以及以上列出的这些拍子范围内的音符和休止符的组合。
三连音以及带有休止符的三连音组合。
问题包括:根据已有的开头,创作一条从第一拍开始的简单的四小节节奏。
2.在两种谱表上上加两线与下加两线的延伸部分。
3.小调音阶的构成(由考生选择“和声”或“旋律”小调,但希望考生知道他们所选择的是哪一种形式)。
A大调、降B大调和降E大调以及A小调、E小调和D小调的音阶与调号,及其主三和弦 (原位)、音程度数(只需标明数字),以及建立在主音上的音程(只需标明数字)。
4.更多常用的术语和记号。
乐理三级在之前等级的基础上增加如下内容:1. 6/8,9/8,12/8复拍子记号,以及以上列出的这些拍子范围内的音符和休止符的组合。
三十二分音符及其相应的休止符。
问题包括:创作一条简单的四小节节奏,可以从弱拍开始。
2.五线谱两条以上附加线的延伸部分。
将一条简单的旋律从高音谱号移至低音谱号,或反之,一个八度。
英皇5级乐理知识要点
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英皇5级乐理知识要点
以下是 6 条关于英皇 5 级乐理知识要点:
1. 节拍啊,那可太重要啦!就像走路得有节奏一样,音乐没了节拍不就乱套啦?比如在那首欢快的《小步舞曲》中,节拍就像稳定的心跳,带领着旋律向前!想想如果节拍乱了,那还能听吗?
2. 音程,哎呀呀,这可是个神奇的东西呢!它就好比是音乐里的距离测量器呀。
你听贝多芬的《命运交响曲》开头那几个音,它们之间的音程关系是不是让你一下就被吸引住啦?
3. 调式呀,不就是音乐的家族嘛!每个调式都有自己独特的氛围呢。
就如同不同的家庭有不同的氛围一样,C 大调可能给人阳光明媚的感觉,而小调可能就有点小忧伤啦。
像《致爱丽丝》就是很典型的 C 大调作品呢,听起来
是不是很温暖呀?
4. 和弦,哇哦,那可是音乐的魔法组合呀!就像一群小伙伴手牵手一起玩耍。
比如在流行歌曲中经常用到的大三和弦,听着就让人想跟着摇摆起来呢,难道你没这种感觉吗?
5. 音乐符号,那可是音乐的小指令呀!它们就像老师给学生的提示一样。
像那个渐强符号,不就像跑步逐渐加速一样吗?在一些激昂的乐章里经常会看到它呀!
6. 音阶呀,就像爬楼梯一样,一格一格的。
你想啊,从低音到高音,不就是一级一级往上爬嘛。
好多经典的旋律都是在音阶上玩出花样来的呢,你仔细听听那些好听的曲子是不是这样呀!
总之,英皇 5 级乐理知识真的超有趣也超重要呢,掌握了它们,你就能更好地理解和享受音乐啦!。
英皇钢琴考级曲目表
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英皇钢琴考级曲目表
英皇钢琴考级,作为全球最具权威性的音乐考试之一,每年吸引了大量钢琴爱好者参与。
其曲目表设计严谨,涵盖了各个时期和风格的经典作品,旨在全面检验考生的钢琴演奏技巧和音乐理解能力。
本文将为你详细解读英皇钢琴考级的曲目表。
一级:
A1组:
1.W.A.莫扎特G大调小步舞曲,K.le
2.涂尔克芭蕾(选自《60首未来演奏家钢琴曲》第1册,第19首)
B1组:
1.亚历克·罗利赋格(选自《5首小前奏曲与赋格》第4首)
2.雷比茨基在船上(选自《初学演奏》Op.20)
二级:
A2组:
1.斯温斯特德水手之歌(选自《学与玩》第11首)
2.巴赫C大调前奏曲(选自《巴赫初级钢琴曲集》)
B2组:
1.贝多芬G大调小奏鸣曲第一乐章(选自《贝多芬简易钢琴小品》)
2.柴可夫斯基圆舞曲(选自《胡桃夹子》组曲)
三级:
A3组:
1.海顿D大调奏鸣曲第一乐章(选自《海顿中高级钢琴奏鸣曲》)
2.门德尔松E小调谐谑曲(选自《门德尔松短篇钢琴作品集》)
B3组:
1.肖邦A小调圆舞曲(选自《肖邦中高级练习曲》)
2.李斯特爱之梦第三首(选自《李斯特中高级钢琴作品集》)。
英皇乐理考级1-5级
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英皇乐理考级1-5级第一篇:英皇乐理考级1-5级英皇乐理考级(1-5)(ABRSM)乐理一级考试内容如下:一、全音符、二分音符、四分音符、八分音符和十六分音符等音符时值和符。
二、2/4,3/4,4/4等单拍子记号,小节线,和在这些拍子中涉及上列各的第一拍开始的指定节奏后面,加上两小节的节奏答句。
三、谱表及高音(G)和低音(F)谱号。
在谱表的音符名称,包括在两种记号和取消它们的做法。
四、大调音阶的构成——包括全音和半音的分布。
在两种谱表中的C,G,D,主三和弦(原位)、音阶度数(只须以数目表示),和以主音为基础的音五、有关速度、力度、演奏指示、发音法等的常用术语和符号。
还有一些表——来发问的简单题目。
一、2/2,3/2,4/2,3/8等单拍子记号,和在这些节奏中的音符、休止符组合。
问题将包括使用一个指定的开端,写作一段以一小节中第一拍开始的二、谱表的使用范围会扩展到包括谱表上面和下面两条附加线。
三、小调音阶的构成(考生可自行选择使用和声或旋律音阶,但须确定自等大调及A,E,D等小调的音阶和调号。
这几个调的主三和弦(原位)、音音为基础的音程(只须用数目表示)。
四、更多常用术语和符号。
乐理三级考试内容如下:在乐理一级和二级考试内容的基础上,增加以下内容:一、6/8,9/8,12/8等复拍子记号,和在这些节奏中的音符、休止符组及休止符。
问题将包括使用一个指定的开端(可能由弱拍开始),写作一节奏。
二、谱表的使用范围会扩展到使用超过两条附加线。
把一段简单旋律在高作八度移调。
三、直至四个升/降号的所有大调和小调,这些调的的音阶(小调音阶包式)、调号、主三和弦(原位)、音阶度数(只须用数目表示),和以主只须用数目表示)。
五、更多术语和符号。
在那些涉及一段旋律的简单问题中,或会有其中之乐理四级考试内容如下:在乐理一级至三级考试内容的基础上,增加以下内容:一、所有二拍、三拍及四拍的单拍子及复拍子记号,和在这些节奏中的音。
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(一)演奏术语accelerando/accel. Adagio Allegrettoallegro andante cantabilecrescendo/cresc.da capo/.dal segno/.decrescendo/decresc.dimimmndo/dim.fine( =forte ) (=fortissimo) legato lento mezzo(=mezzo forte ) ( =mezzo piano ) moderatop (=piano) pp (=pianissimo)pocorallentando/rall. ritardando/ritard./rit.gradually getting quicker slow(at ease )fairly quick( but not as quick as allegro )quick( cheerful )at a walking pacein a singing stylegradually getting louderrepeat from the beginningrepeat from the signbecoming gradually softerbecoming gradually softerthe endloud very loud smoothly slowhalf( moderately ) moderately loud moderately quiet moderately( allegro moderato ; moderately quick ) quiet very quieta little , slightly gradually getting slower gradually getting slower逐渐加快 慢(舒适) 稍快(但不及allegro 快) 快(欢乐),快板 如行走般的速度 如歌唱似的风格 渐强 从头再奏 回到记号“”处再奏渐弱 渐弱 结束处 强,响亮 很强 圆滑地 慢一半(适中) 中强 中弱 中速( allegro moderato:适中的快板) 弱 很弱 少许,稍 渐慢 渐慢演奏指示Performance一级:ritenuto/riten. staccato/state. tempo(二)演奏符号held back ( immediately slowing down )detachedspeed,time( a tempo : in time )gradually getting louder(=crescendo)gradually getting quieter(=diminuendo/decrescendo)detached(=staccato )accentpause on the note (or rest)( =fermata )repeat marks: at the second sign,repeat the music from the first sign(ifthe first sign is left out, repeat fromthebeginning )tie: a curved line joining two notes ofthe same pitch into a single sustainedsoundslur: perform the notes smoothly( a curved line over or under two ormore different notes )突然慢(立即放慢)断音,断奏速度,时间(a tempo:回复到原来的速度)渐强(=crescendo)渐弱(=diminuendo/decrescendo)断音,断奏(=staccato )重音延长号。
将音符(或休止符)的时值延长(=fermata )反复记号。
在第二个记号处,音乐从第一个记号处开始重复(如乐曲没有第一个记号,音乐是从乐曲的开始处重复)连线:将两个有相同音高的音连结成一个音的弧线连线:圆滑地演奏各音(置于两个或一组音符的上方或下方的弧线)octave ( =ottava )perform an octave higher( written over a note or notes )perform an octave lower( written under a note or notes)76 crotchet beats in a minute( short for Maelzel' s Metronome )八度(=ottava)升高一个八度演奏(写在一个或多个音符的上方)降低一个八度演奏(写在一个或多个音符的下方)每分钟奏76个四分音符.是Maelzel’s Metronome (拍节机)的简称(一)演奏术语aal, allaallargando andantinoassaicon , coldolcee,edespressivo (espress./espr.)(=fortepiano) giocosogravegrazioso larghettolargomamaestosomenomoltomosso in the style of, for, at, with,ina cappella: in the style of chapela due : for two performersa piacere : at pleasurea puma d' arco : with the point of thebowa tempo ; in timein the manner of, to the( alla marcia : in the style of a march )broadening(getting slower and louder)slightly faster than andantevery(allegro assai : very quick )withsoft, sweetandexpressivefirst loudly, then immediately softplayful , merrysolemn,very slowgracefulquite slow(but not as slow as largo)slow, statelybutmajesticlessmuch , verymoved( meno mosso : less moved )以……风格、由、按照、用、按a cappella:以(无伴奏的)教堂风格演奏a due:由两位表演者演奏(唱)a piacere:按照表演者的与之所至地处理a puma d'arco:用弓尖演奏a tempo:按原来的速度以……风格,至( alla marcia:进行曲风格)宽广的(渐慢及渐强)比行板(andante )稍快非常,很(allegro assai:很快)用,含有温柔地,甜蜜地和,以及有表情地先强然后立即转弱嬉戏的,快乐的严肃的,极缓慢的优雅的颇慢的,(但比广板largo稍快)慢的,庄严的但是华贵的,堂皇的二级:少些十分,很活动的( meno mosso:稍慢)motononprestosenza(=sforzando/sforzato ) simile/sim.sostenutotenutotroppovivace , vwo(二)演奏符号movement( con moto : with movement )notmore(faster than allegro)withoutaccented,forcedin the same waysustainedheldtoo much( non troppo : not too much )lively , quickthe note should be held for its fulltime-value ,and generally slightlydetached(=tenuto)the note should be played as short aspossibleand perhaps accented too( =staccatissimo)accentedstronger accent(usually strongerthan> )the notes should be slightlyseparated(=mezzo-staccato/semi-staccato )活动( con moto:稍快)不是更多地快(比快板allegro更快)没有,去除重音,加强地( =sforzando/sforzato )如前的方式演奏持续的保持(要奏足该音的时值)太多( non troppo:不太多)有生气的,轻快的要奏足该音符的时值,各音之间稍间歇(=tenuto)短断音,发音比一般断音更短促,有时还有重音的意思( =staccatissimo)重音强重音(力度通常比>更强)半断音,即音符需要略微断开(=mezzo-staccato/semi-sta ccato)演奏术语adagiettoad libitum,ad lib.agitatoalla breve.amoreanimaanimatobenbriocomododecisodelicatoenergicoforzalargamente leggieromarcato . marc..marzialemestopesanteprima, primorisolutoritmicorubato ,tempo rubatorather slow(but faster than adagio)optional or at willagitatedwith each beat as a minim( orinstead of )love ( amoroso : loving )soul, spirit(con anima: with feeling/spirited )animated , lively( animando : becomingmore lively )wellvigour(con brio : with vigour, lively )convenient(tempo comodo:at a tom-fortable speed )with determinationdelicateenergeticforcebroadlylightmarked,accentedmartial , war-likesadheavyfirstbold, strongrhythmicallywith some freedom of time稍慢(但比adagio略快)随意处理激动地以二分音符作为一拍(以或代替 )爱情(amoroso:富于爱意地)心灵、精神(con anima:有感情地/生气勃勃地)活泼地(animando:更加活泼地)很好活力(con brio:有活力地)舒适的(tempo comodo:舒适的速度)决断、有决心地优美的、精致的富于精力的力量广阔地三级:轻、轻巧的强调、有力地勇敢的、尚武的忧伤的强力的第一勇敢、刚强的富于节奏感地自由的速度scherzando,scherzoso seconda,secondo semplicesemprestringendflsubitotantotranquillotriste ,tristamente volta playful,jokingsecondsimple , plainalwaysgradually getting fastersuddenlyso muchcalmsad , sorrowfultime(prama volta:first time;seconda volta: second time)幽默、诙谐的第二简单、朴素的持续地逐渐加快速度突然地许多、太多平静的忧伤、悲痛的次、遍(prima volta:第一次;seconda volta:第二次)con sordini,con sord.senza sordini ,senza sord.arcopizzicato, pizz. sul Gsul ponticellouna corda ( .)tre corde.)manomano destra.) mano sinistra ( .)affettuosoaffrettandowith muteswithout mutes play with the bow(a direction after pizzicato ) down bow up bowa slur over or under two or more notes meaning that they are to be played with one stroke of the bow pluckedon the G string near the bridge( literally : one string )press the left ( soft ) pedal( literally : three strings )release the left( soft )pedalpress...release the right ( sustaining ) pedal hand right hand left handspread the notes of a chord quickly, starting from the bottom noteaffectionate,with tenderness hurrying加上弱音器 除去弱音器用弓拉奏(在pizzicat 。