研究生英语读写译教程第11health原文翻译及课后答案
研究生英语读写译第二版1-7课练习参考答案和参考译文
《研究生英语读写译教程》（第二版）练习参考答案及参考译文（注：第二版只有第六单元为全新单元，其余单元只是有些调整。
）各单元练习答案UNIT ONE STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH. COMPREHENSION1 He dropped out of Reed College because he did not see the value of it. (The answer to the second part of the question is open.)2 Life was tough –he slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, he returned coke bottles and he walked 7 miles to get one good free meal…3 He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his calligraphy class worked when designing the first Macintosh computer.4 Jobs’ first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future. (What you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.)5 He was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz established dismissed him.) The fact that he still loved what he did made him start over again.6 He has learned a good lesson from his failure.7 Do the things we love to do.8 Open.9 Open.10 Open. (We should always want more, never be content and when we want to do something that others say is foolish, do it anyway.)VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA1 naively2 curiosity3 combination4 let down5 vision6 baton7 creative8 mirror9 trap 10 inventionB1 drowned out2 tuition3 Commencement4 deposit5 typography6 make way for7 animation8 intuition9 destination 10 divergeC1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, one’s instinct2 trust in: honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, letter writer, editorial writer5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking, dazzlingSPEAKING: Open.TRANSLATIONA1热烈的鼓掌2波涛汹涌的海面3熟睡4烟瘾大的人5油腻而难消化的食物6烈酒7悲痛的消息8沉闷冗长的读物9〈化〉重水10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。
研究生英语第11单元health
Uint 11 Sometimes It’s Hard to Be a Woman, or A Man or Human Text-related information1. Tim Lott (born 23 January 1956, Southall, West London) is a British author. After running his own magazine publishing business, he graduated from the London School of Economics in 1986.His first book, the semi-autobiographical The Scent of Dried Roses, was published in 1996 and won the J. R. Ackerley Prize for Autobiography. His next work, White City Blue, was published in 1999 and won that year's Whitbread Award for Best First Novel.He was also shortlisted in the 'Best Novel' category of the 2002 Whitbread Awards for his work, Rumours of a Hurricane. He has since published The Love Secrets of Don Juan, The Seymour T apes and Fearless.The Scent of Dried Roses, a memoir of his family and his own life, remains his most acclaimed work. Beginning with the tragedy of his own mother's suicide, his memoir is a rich account. On the broader scale, he paints nuanced pictures of what it means to be working class, and how the English suburbs developed from the 1950s to the 1980s. More personally, also describes his own life journey, as he began to move beyond his family's roots, then go through depression and emerge at the other side only to face renewed tragedy, when the mother who had been so caring for him with his own mental illness, takes her own life.His latest novel is Fearless, published on June 4 2007. It is a mythic, political, dystopian fable a group of 1,000 girls confined to an institute in a time of terror. Fearless is published in both adult and young adult editions. He has also had a weekly column in the London Evening Standard.2. Allison Pearson (born 1960, Carmarthen) is a British writer. She is best-known for her period as a Daily Mail columnist and for a novel published in 2002, I Don't Know How She Does It.3. The Daily Mail is a British, daily middle market tabloid newspaper. First published in 1896 by Lord Northcliffe, it is the United Kingdom's second biggest-selling daily newspaper after The Sun. The Daily Mail was Britain's first daily newspaper aimed at the newly-literate "lower-middle class market resulting from mass education, combining a low retail price with plenty of competitions, prizes and promotional gimmicks", and the first British paper to sell a million copies a day.4. Stephanie Merritt (born 1974 in Surrey) is a critic and feature writer for various publications including The Times, the Daily Telegraph, the New Statesman, Zembla and Die Welt. She has also been Deputy Literary Editor and a staff writer at The Observer.5. Marian Keyes (born 10 September 1963) is an Irish novelist and non-fiction writer, best known for her work in women's literature.6. Sally Hampton (born July 29, 1958 in St. Louis, Missouri) is anAmerican writer and film producer living in Los Angeles, USA.7. Emma Thompson (born 15 April 1959) is an English actress, comedienne and screenwriter. Her first major film role was in the 1989 romantic comedy The T all Guy. In 1992, Thompson won multiple acting awards, including an Academy and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress, for her strong performance in the British drama Howards End.8. Coronation Street (affectionately nicknamed Corrie) is a British prime-time soap opera set in the fictional town of Weatherfield, four miles in either direction from and a suburb of the city of Manchester, England. Created by Tony Warren, Coronation Street is the longest running and most watched British soap opera.9.Beverley Callard (born March 28, 1957 in Morley, Leeds) is an English actress, best known for her role as Liz McDonald in ITV's Coronation Street, and Floella Henshaw in BBC Three's Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps.10. The Guardian(until 1959, The Manchester Guardian) is a British national daily newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Founded in 1821, it is unique among major British newspapers in being owned by a foundation (the Scott Trust, via the Guardian Media Group). It is known for its left of centre political stance.11. Kira Cochrane is a the Guardian writer.12. Dr. Dorothy Rowe (born December 1930) is an Australianpsychologist and author, whose area of interest is depression. Dr. Rowe currently resides in the United Kingdom.Language Points1. The decision …comes hard on the heels. On the heel of something------very soon after something. This expression means one event followed straight after or very soon after the first one. Example:The decision to by Peter came hard on the heels of the club’s promotion to Sam’s.2. patches of acute mental distress------a bad/difficult/sticky/rough patch means a period of time when you are having a lot of difficulties. Example:Gemma’s going through a bad patch right now.3. Unhappiness bleeds into depression. If something bleeds into another thing, it unfortunately can develop into a bad situation.4. That unsquareable circle alone. The expression “square the circle”is used to mean that achieving two aims which are complete opposites is not possible. If something is unsquareable, it is impossible to have it done. Here the woman has to choose between career and motherhood – the two together is impossible – a circle cannot become a square.5. They want to love their bodies as they are, and yet feel attractive to others. The woman wants to be loved as she is – not having to follow fashion, diets etc. She maybe a little fat, not be especially sexy / beautiful figure etc. Y et she wants to believe she is attractive as she is now.6. And with gender roles more fluid. Gender roles mean things each gender used to. Fluid here is used as a verb and metaphor meaning change/movement is happening. More men do tasks traditionally the women do. e.g. cooking, washing up etc. and women now drive the car etc.7. Then there are historic forms of female disadvantage. If something has historic forms, it means it long exsists and very typical.Word Study1. incidentally adv. 1）introducing a different topic , by the way;e.g. I have to go now. Incidentally, if you want that book, I'llbring it next time.2）in an incidental manner;e.g. In our discussion this question was incidentally broughtup.2．contradiction n. 1）opposition between two conflicting forces or ideas.e.g.There seems to be a contradiction between her words andactions.2）(logic) a statement that is necessarily false.e.g. The boss will not tolerate any contradiction.3. irreconcilable adj. impossible to reconcile.e.g. The partner's differences seem irreconcilable.4. formidable adj. extremely impressive in strength or excellence.e.g. A formidable prospect lies ahead of him.5. imperative 1) adj. requiring attention or action.e.g. It is imperative to act now.2) n. some duty that is essential and urgent.e.g. Job creation has become an imperative for thegovernment.Keys to exercisesText Comprehension:Answer the following questions1.Uncertainty and confusion. (para 6 and 7)2.W omen’s are not as straightforward as men’s. For example, mencan go to work without thinking and feeling guilty for not being with the children. But women want to make their achievement in their jobs, meanwhile, they want to be with the children. There are many other examples from the article. (para 8 to 13)3.Their idea of being a family provider. (para14 and 17)4.They are not appreciative. They think it is the way it should be,and they ignor men’s effort. (para 15 and16)5.No standard answers (para 19 and 22).6. No standard answers.Structural Analysis of the Text:Part one: (para.1 to para.4) poses the questions by introducing the true stories first. Pointing out the causes of women’s unhappiness “not necessarily for the reasons they think they are.”(para4)Part two: (para.5 to para.12) women’s source of unhappinessPart three: (para.13 to para.18) differences between men and women. Part four: (par a.19 to para.22) the writer’s suggestions to solve the problems.Summary WritingWhy are depression rates rising among women? For women, the reasons are much less straightforward, which is one reason why their unhappiness is so much more distressing and difficult to treat. People can cope with a great deal of unhappiness if they are clear about where the unhappiness stems from and what can and can't be done about it. Modern women want to have successful, satisfying careers and be good mothers and good friends and valuable members of the local community. They also want to remain desirable and fashionable. But to put these things into practice is extremely difficult. Men do have it better in some ways, partly because their desires and needs are more straightforward. Most men don’t feel guilty about not seeing their children except in the evening and at the weekend. And most men don't follow fashion. Most significantly of all,men don't worry too much about being "good". So, what is the solution? First, women need to lower their expectations of themselves. Second，rather than putting work, friends and children first, both men and women should put one another first. We should simply strive to be humble and grateful.V ocabulary and Structure:Keys to section A: 1. reconciled 2. imperative 3. contradiction 4. existence 5. inherit 6. formidable 7. sensitive8. confess 9. Incidentally 10. converselyKeys to section B:1. B2.A3. A4.B5. A6. A7. A8.D9.B 10.C Keys to close2. partially3. linked 5. positive 10. increase 9. impact1. management 8. tolerance 7. relieve 4. builds 6. reaction Keys to Further Reading1. C2. C3. A4.D5. BTranslations1．一位加拿大心理学教授已经鉴定出三种完美主义者：自我要求型（要求自己达到完美），要求他人型（要求别人达到完美）和被要求完美主义者（认为别人要求他们达到完美）。
研究生英语读写译教程习题答案
Unit 1Keys to section A: 1. escort 2. obsessively 3. unseemly 4. baffling 5. trudged 6. simultaneously 7. punning 8. prim 9. trivial 10. ambivalenceKeys to section B:1. A. unobtrusive2. C. submissive3. D. grim4. B. misdemeanour5. C. disapprove6. D. prodigious7. C. trivial8. D. pathetic9. A. simultaneous 10. D. harryingKeys to close5. against 7. clash 10. penalty 1.torments 3. expected 9. tough 2.suspension 4. stick6. fit 8. promiseUnit 3II. V ocabulary and StructureA. 1. consensus 2. biodiversity 3. sustainable 4. transition 5. disparities.6. degradation7. stakeholders8. broker.9. ministerial 10. yieldB. 1.B in line with 2.C inception 3. A. unprecedented 4. B. pave the way for 5. B. intensification 6. D. subsistence 7. A embark on 8. B. mobilize 9.A infuse 10.A fully-fledgedIII. Cloze1. finance2. reduce3.improve4. agencies5. sustainable6. regional7. integration8. instruments9. enterprises 10. mobilizeUnit 51. obsolete2. perils3. turbulent4. stupefied5.concoction6. splinter7. nibbled8. erupt9. suffocated 10. infidelityB. Directions: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.1.C2.D3.A4. B5.A6. B7.C8. C9. B 10. DIII. ClozeDirections: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words in proper forms from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once.1. sphere2. realm3. sacrifices4. manifestations5. exquisite6. involved7. exchange8. accomplished9. object 10. misfortuneUnit 6II V ocabulary and StructureA. 1. consumption 2. conflicted 3. assigned 4. sprawling 5. resort6. incentive7. overlooked8. undervalued9. overall 10. identifyB. 1.C 2.D 3.B. 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.DIII Cloze1. dominate2. symbol3. contrast4. populated5. finished6. tie7. connected8. exceeded9. along 10. becauseUnit 11Keys to section A:1. reconciled2. imperative3. paradox4. existence5. inherit6. formidable7. sensitive8. confess9. Incidentally 10. converselyKeys to section B:1. B2.A3. A4.B5. A6. A7. A8.D9.B 10.CIII Cloze1. partially2. linked3. positive4. increase5. impact6. management7. tolerance8. relieve9. builds 10. reactionUnit 13V ocabulary and Structure:1. insinuate2. amplify3. exploit4. detained5. misconstrued6. inherent7. predisposition8. harbor 9, accommodate 10. around the clock 1-10 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A9. C 10. D Cloze:1. declining2.brought on3. raise4. predecessors5. to5. although 7.determinant 8. flood 9. overtaxed 10. moreoverUnit 15II. V ocabulary and Structure:A. 1. formula 2. otherwise 3. recesses 4. cohesion 5. addiction6. nourish7. dispersed8. convert…into9. hitchhike 10. makes… sense.B. 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.DIII. Cloze1. dispute2. alternative3. searching for4. ethnic5. lifestyle6. on behalf of7. corruption8.opportunity9. vision 10.look forward toTranslationUnit 11.把下面的英语段落翻译成汉语。
英语笔译实务 3级配套训练 第十一单元 汉译英(一)青少年素食更健康
笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元汉译英（一）英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元汉译英（一）青少年素食更健康一组研究人员发现，许多家长担心子女采用素食这种不健康的方式减肥，但这种减肥方式实际上是一种能获得维生素、矿物质，防止多脂肪的垃圾食品的好办法。
研究人员对4500名平均年龄约15的青少年进行了调查，其中有近6%的人说自己是素食者。
研究人员报道说，“与素食者相比，素食少年更可能从脂肪中吸收低于30%的卡路里，从饱和脂肪中少吸收低于10%的卡路里。
此外，他们可能比非素食者多吃2客以上的水果和3客以上的蔬菜，也就是说，他们每天多吃5客以上的水果和蔬菜。
“研究人员还同样发现，无论是否素食者，青少年们每日摄取的钙质并不足够，但素食者能够获得更多的铁质、维生素A和纤维。
课文词汇垃圾食品junk food 素食者vegetarian卡路里calory 饱和脂肪saturated fat1 / 3Unit 11 汉译英（一）青少年素食更健康参考译文Teen Vegetarians Healthier than Meat-eatersWhat many parents believe to be an unhealthy way of keeping off weight (losing weight/slimming), that is, the vegetarian diet, is actually a good way to get vitamins and minerals and avoid fatty junk food, according to the findings of a team of researchers.They studied (investigated / surveyed) more than 4,500 teenagers, with an average age of about 15. Of these nearly 6 percent said they were vegetarians (claimed to be vegetarians).The researchers reported (wrote / said), “Compared with non-vegetarians, vegetarian adolescents were more likely to get (eat / draw / receive) less than 30 percent of their calories from fat and more likely to get less than 10 percent of their calories from saturated fat; they were also more likely to eat (consume) two or more servings of fruit, three or more servings of vegetables; in other words (or) five or more servings of fruits and vegetables daily.The study also found that both the vegetarians and meat-eaters failed to get enough calcium every day, but the vegetarians got significantly more iron, vitamin A and fiber (the calcium level was low in the diets of both vegetarians and meat-eaters, but the vegetarian diet provided2 / 3笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元汉译英（一）substantially more iron, Vitamin A and fiber).3 / 3。
英语笔译实务 3级配套训练 第十一单元_健康 主题相关英汉词语_汉译英
级配套训练 第十一单元 主题相关英汉词语_汉译英 健 康
launch a nationwide physical fitness campaign; carry out physical fitness programmes involving all our people body-building exercise; fitness exercise body-building and recreational center fitness and entertainment facilities the beauty craze health-care food trace element He is ill. / He has fallen ill. / He has been/was taken ill. He is ill with/suffering from a bad cold. He is down with the flu. He is running a fever/temperature. Are you feeling well / feeling all right? What's your trouble? / What's the matter with you? / What's wrong with you? I feel dizzy / chilly. I have difficulty in breathing. I'm shivering all over. I've got a bad headache / a sore throat / a bad cough. I sneeze a lot and have a running nose. I feel sick. / I feel vomiting. / I want to throw up. Your lips have turned blue. There is blood in my sputum. saliva I have no appetite. / I don't feel like eating anything. The wound was / got inflamed. The inflammation of his lungs is getting worse. I feel a sharp pain / a dull pain in the chest.
unti+10++课文翻译及课后练习答案
U10健康的秘诀1 锻炼身体，饮食适当，不吸烟。
这些是给希望保持健康的人的一些最常见的忠告。
然而越来越多的科学研究表明保持健康还有一个同等重要的方面，即心境平和。
2 试想一下，当你在医生办公室外面等待进去看病时你的心跳有多快，严重的头疼又会使你多么的难受。
身心之间的联系是双向的。
一方受到干扰时，另一方能够感受到。
信息交流网的核心部分是一种叫做神经传递素的大脑化学物质，这种物质不仅在大脑内传递信息，还能在体内传递信息。
免疫系统是主要的感受器，是一个由细胞和器官所组成的、能抵御病毒与细菌进攻的网络。
当你兴奋、恐惧或者放松时，免疫系统会增加或减少抵抗疾病的细胞的生成，从而帮助或阻碍你抵抗疾病，如流感，甚至癌症。
3 迄今为止有关紧张会使免疫系统受到影响，已有大量的文献记载。
例如，在一项涉及新婚夫妇的研究中，在关于婚姻问题的30分钟讨论中，那些有对立举止的人，在该讨论后24小时内比那些举止比较积极的人的免疫功能要差。
破坏免疫功能的不仅仅是紧张。
一名研究人员认为：如果两个不同的人从鼻子吸进同一种感冒病毒，抑郁、焦虑或者是悲观的那个人得感冒的可能性会更大。
4 心情紧张以及与其相关的情感会导致健康状况不佳，这是怎么回事呢？那是因为这些情感会引起一些物质的产生，这些物质会破坏或削弱我们的免疫细胞。
消极的情感还会减少我们体内抵抗疾病的免疫传递素的生成量。
5 假如紧张、忧郁、生气及其他消极情感会使你更容易得病，那么相反的情况是否成立呢？假如你快乐些、不那么紧张，或者更乐观一些，你的免疫力是否就会更强些、健康状况就更好些呢？专家们的看法是肯定的。
有研究表明采用某些减少压力、改进人生观的身心疗法，癌症病人能延长寿命。
但是癌症病人并非惟一受益者。
某些身心疗法能使我们所有人受益。
6 研究发现，那些有慢性疼痛病的人采用了放松疗法和其他行为疗法控制不适后，他们看病的次数减少了36%。
放松是通过有节奏的深呼吸、肌肉松弛、心率减缓，从而使身体更健康。
《研究生英语读写译教程》(第二版)练习参考答案及参考译文
《研究生英语读写译教程》（第二版）练习参考答案及参考译文（注：第二版只有第六单元为全新单元，其余单元只是有些调整。
）各单元练习答案UNIT ONE STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH. COMPREHENSION1 He dropped out of Reed College because he did not see the value of it. (The answer to the second part of the question is open.)2 Life was tough –he slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, he returned coke bottles and he walked 7 miles to get one good free meal…3 He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his calligraphy class worked when designing the first Macintosh computer.4 Jobs’ first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future. (What you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.)5 He was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz established实用文档dismissed him.) The fact that he still loved what he did made him start over again.6 He has learned a good lesson from his failure.7 Do the things we love to do.8 Open.9 Open.10 Open. (We should always want more, never be content and when we want to do something that others say is foolish, do it anyway.) VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA1 naively2 curiosity3 combination4 let down5 vision6 baton7 creative8 mirror9 trap 10 inventionB1 drowned out2 tuition3 Commencement4 deposit5 typography6 make way for7 animation8 intuition9 destination 10 diverge实用文档C1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, one’s instinct2 trust in: honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, letter writer, editorial writer5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking, dazzling SPEAKING: Open.TRANSLATIONA1热烈的鼓掌2波涛汹涌的海面3熟睡4烟瘾大的人5油腻而难消化的食物6烈酒7悲痛的消息8沉闷冗长的读物9〈化〉重水10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。
研究生综合英语课文译文及课后练习答案(3)
研究生综合英语课文译文及课后练习答案第一课Text A 自由落体[1] 直到动身的那一天，我才感到告别和真正离家对我所产生的影响，这使我比闹钟预定的时间提前一小时醒来。
那时，我那金色的爱犬米西最后一次用力地舔了我一下表示问候。
以前她那么做时，我厌烦得要命，不过那天，我张开双臂把她搂在怀里，深情地慢慢抚摸着她。
此时，她那悲伤的眼神与我四目相对，她那绸缎般的皮毛摸上去比平常更加柔滑。
当然直到告别那天，我才注意到爱犬的这些特点，这令我更加难舍难离。
[2] 一整天都是这样：我突然感到自己将会怀念许多人和事。
我变得多愁善感起来，因为要与那些我早已习以为常的人说再见——那些常我工作的饭馆里的顾客，那些我好像从来都找不到时间和他们说话的人。
我不得不离开我所有的朋友，还有我总想“某天去认识”的同学。
最重要的是，我将被迫与生我养我的人分别。
[3] 突然间，我那些渴望独立和自由的豪言壮语变成了可怕的现实。
我曾经说过我了不起，就要上一所名校，现在我开始感到了这些大话的压力。
没什么了不起。
我曾经是那么急不可待地盼望这一天的到来，而现在，这一天终于到来了，我却感到自己好像并不想走了，我想那可能是因为我要到一所离家有6小时车程的大学去上学的缘故。
[4] 事实上，在我决定要离家的时候，我所有的个人问题仿佛都烟消云散了，我才不在乎呢，反正我要走了。
我要向每个人表明我想走————而且，上帝作证，我整装待发。
然而，这一天到来了，我不知道自己是否真正做好了出发的准备。
[5] 老爸和继母要送我去学校，不过，我要首先和妈妈告别。
谁都知道离婚不是件容易的事。
那天早上我和妈妈一起吃了饭，她当时立刻就谈起我过去的一些经历来，还谈到了她第一年离家上大学的一些事情，比如零乱的宿舍、腼腆的室友、一些艺术史课。
她说得那么详细，那么热情，以至于我清楚地感到大学生活会给人留下多么深刻的印象。
后来，我们又谈到了我到学校后可能会发生的事情————与我同住一层的家伙会是什么样，我多么希望教室不会在校园的另一侧，我是否会因为吃食堂的饭而发胖。
研究生英语读写译教程1-18 单元 翻译练习答案
Unit 1翻译技巧（一）翻译概述1.把下面的英语段落翻译成汉语。
没有哪个政治体制是完美的；但是很多美国人都会告诉你，如果他们会嫉妒我们的一样东西的话，那就是我们英国传统的为期三周的大选，因为它的简洁就是一种仁慈----是对选民和政治家们双方的仁慈：他们拿它跟美国四年一度的总统选举中进行的那些耗时几个月的战争相比。
2. 把下面的汉语段落翻译成英语。
Someone has once prophesied that once cigarettes disappear from the surface of the earth, the whole world may be in chaos. This might be an exaggeration, but the danger of smoking should not be underestimated. Smoking is a curse affecting the whole globe. Let’s put foreign countries aside. China alone has hundreds of millions of smokers. Addicted smokers often say that it would be more difficult for them to endure the suffering of two hours without smoking a cigarette than a day without having meals. Smoking pollutes the air and endangers the health, consequently increasing the incidence of lung cancer greatly.Unit 2翻译技巧(二)直译与意译1. 用直译法翻译下列的词语、惯用语和句子：（1）开胃酒（2）水果蛋糕（3）童装（4）人工语言（5）门铃（6）访问学者（7）走下坡路（8）扣帽子/加标签于某人（9）随大流（10）overtime pay （11）peanut oil （12）rice flour （13）academic journal（14）woman editor （15）evening paper （16）tear up by the roots （17）get in by the backdoor （18）paper tiger(19) 必须注意到,电流是与每次电阻减小成比例地增加的。
当代研究生英语读写教程课文翻译
Unit One信息空间：出入随愿美国人的内心深处具有一种酷爱探索新领域的气质。
我们渴求宽敞的场地，我们喜欢探索，喜欢制定规章制度，却不愿去遵守。
在当今时代，却很难找到一块空间，可以供你任意驰骋，又不必担心影响你的邻居。
确实有这样一个空间，那就是信息空间。
这里原本是计算机迷的游戏天地，但如今只要想像得到的各类人群应有尽有，包括少年儿童、轻佻的单身汉、美籍匈牙利人、会计等。
问题是他们都能和睦相处吗?人们是否会因为害怕孩子们躲在卧室里看网上的淫秽图片而将它封杀?首先要解决的问题是，什么是信息空间。
我们可以抛开高速公路、前沿新领域等比喻，把信息空间看作一个巨大的庄园。
请记住，庄园是人们智慧的结晶，是合法的、人工营造的氛围，它建立在土地之上。
在庄园里，公园和商业中心、红灯区与学校、教堂与杂货店都能区分开来。
你可以用同样的方法把信息空间想像为一个巨大的、无边无际的虚拟庄园。
其中有些房产为私人拥有并已租出，有些是公共场所；有的场所适合儿童出入，而有些地方人们最好避开。
不幸的是，正是这些应该避开的地方使得人们心向神往。
这些地方教唆你如何制造炸弹、为你提供淫秽材料、告诉你如何窃取信用卡。
所有这些使信息空间听起来像是一个十分肮脏的地方。
正直的公民纷纷作出这样的结论：最好对它严加管理。
但是，在利用规章制度来反击下流之举之前，关键是从根本上理解信息空间的性质。
恶棍并不能在信息空间抢走毫无提防之心的儿童；信息空间也不像一台巨大的电视机，向不情愿的观众播放令人作呕的节目。
在信息空间这座庄园里，用户对他们所去之处、所见所闻、所做所为都要作出选择，一切都出于自愿。
换句话说，信息空间是个出入自便的地方，实际上，信息空间里有很多可去之处。
人们不能盲目上网，必须带着具体的目标上网。
这意味着人们可以选择去哪个网址、看什么内容。
不错，规章制度应该在群体内得以实施，但这些规章制度必须由信息空间内各个群体自己来制定，而不是由法庭或华盛顿的政客们来制定。
研究生英语读写译教程1-18 单元 翻译练习答案
研究生英语读写译教程1-18 单元翻译练习答案Unit 1: Introduction to Translation1. Translation is the process of transferring meaning from a source language to a target language. It involves interpreting and expressing the original message accurately and effectively in the target language.2. Translators need to have a solid understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as a deep knowledge of the subject matter being translated. They must be able to capture the nuances and cultural references present in the source text and convey them appropriately in the target text.3. There are different types of translation, including literary translation, technical translation, legal translation, and scientific translation. Each type requires specific skills and expertise to ensure accurate and contextually appropriate translations.4. Translation involves more than just linguistic skills. Translators must also possess strong research and analytical skills, as well as the ability to adapt to different writing styles and cultural norms.Unit 2: Basic Translation Techniques1. Literal Translation: This technique involves translating each word and phrase literally, without considering the context or cultural nuances. While it may result in accurate translations, it often fails to capture the true meaning and intent of the original text.2. Cultural Equivalence: This technique focuses on finding equivalent expressions or idiomatic phrases in the target language that convey the same meaning as the source language. It takes into account the cultural and linguistic differences between the two languages.3. Adaptation: This technique involves modifying or adjusting certain elements of the source text to ensure a smoother and more natural translation in the target language. It may involve changing sentence structures, idioms, or cultural references to match the target audience.4. Localization: This technique is commonly used in the translation of software, websites, and marketing materials. It involves adapting the translation to the local cultural and linguistic conventions of the target audience. It may include changing date formats, currency symbols, or using region-specific idioms.Unit 3: Translation Strategies1. Skopos Theory: This theory emphasizes the purpose or intention behind the translation. It suggests that translators should prioritize the specific function the translated text will serve, rather than adhering strictly to the source text. The focus is on achieving the desired communication effect for the target audience.2. Text Analysis: Before translating a text, translators should thoroughly analyze its content, structure, and intended audience. This analysis helps to identify important concepts, key terms, and ensure accurate and effective translation.3. Transcreation: This strategy is commonly used in advertising and marketing translations. It involves recreating the source text in the target language while considering cultural and linguistic differences. The goal is to evoke the same emotional response in the target audience as the original text.4. Compensation: Sometimes, certain elements of the source text cannot be fully translated into the target language due to linguistic constraints. In such cases, translators may compensate by adding additional information, footnotes, or explanations in the target text, ensuring that the overall meaning is conveyed accurately.Unit 4: Translation Quality Assessment1. Accuracy: A high-quality translation must accurately convey the meaning and intent of the original text. It should not contain errors, omissions, or distortions that may lead to misunderstandings.2. Fluency: The translated text should be fluent and natural in the target language. It should read smoothly and maintain coherence and cohesion. Awkward phrasing or unnatural word choices should be avoided.3. Cultural Appropriateness: Translations should take into account cultural differences and context. They should be culturally appropriate and avoid causing offense or misunderstanding in the target culture.4. Terminology Consistency: Consistency in terminology is crucial, especially in technical or specialized translations. The translator should use consistent terminology throughout the text to ensure clarity and accuracy.In conclusion, translation is a complex task that requires linguistic proficiency, cultural understanding, and subject matter expertise. Byemploying appropriate techniques and strategies, translators can produce high-quality translations that effectively convey the message from the source language to the target language.。
课文翻译Unit11
岁月不待人尽管本文标题叫怎样变老，这篇文章实际上是关于如何防止衰老，在我生活的年代，这是个相当重要的话题。
我的第一个忠告便是仔细选对你的老祖宗。
虽然我的父母早亡，我却像我的其他老祖宗那样长命百岁。
我的外祖父，确实，在67岁的如花岁月里就夭折了，但我的外祖母和祖父母却都活到了耄耋之年。
至于远房老祖宗们，我只发现一个活得不长，因为他死于我们今天看来十分罕见的疾病，也就是斩首。
我的一个曾祖母，她也是吉本的朋友，活到了92岁，甚至在她临终前，她还掌控一切以致她的子孙们对她都怀有畏惧感。
我的外祖母，她经历了无数次流产并养育了九个孩子，另外一个在婴儿时已夭折，当她一旦成为寡妇后，便投身于女性的高等教育事业。
她是剑桥女子学院的创建者之一，是她的努力工作使得女性在日后能够从事医学职业。
她曾经这样描述她在意大利时遇到的一位忧郁老人。
她问老人为何郁郁寡欢，他答道，他刚与他的两个外孙离别。
“我的天啊！”她惊呼，“我有72个外孙，要是每次和他们离别都像你这样难过，我不要活了！”“冷酷无情的女人，”他回答。
不过作为72个外孙之一的我来说，我喜欢她的明智之举。
八十以后，她发现自己失眠了，所以她习惯性地总是每天从午夜至凌晨三点阅读大众科学。
我甚至相信，她根本就未意识到自己正在慢慢变老。
我想，这可能就是保持年轻的适当方法了。
如果你拥有能力所及的广泛兴趣活动并乐在其中，你就不会去想自己已经活了多少年，更不会去想日后生命的短暂。
至于健康，我倒没有什么有用的建议，因为我没生过什么病。
我什么喜欢就吃喝什么，困了就睡觉。
我不会因为某事对身体好而刻意地去做，尽管事实上，我喜欢做的大多数事情都是有益健康的。
从心理学上讲，老年人应警惕避免两种危险。
其一便是过度地沉溺于过去。
生活在过去的记忆中、生活在对往昔美好的哀叹中、或生活在朋友逝去的痛苦中都无济于事。
人的思想应该面向未来，面向一些未来要做的事上。
这并不容易，人对往昔的回忆会与日俱增。
人们很容易联想到过去他们的情感更加澎湃、过去的心智更加敏锐。
《研究生英语读写译教程》练习参考答案及参考译文
《研究生英语读写译教程》练习参考答案及参考译文《研究生英语读写译教程》是一本专门为研究生编写的学习教材，旨在提高学生的英语读写译能力。
本教程包括多个单元，每个单元都有不同的主题和内容。
以下是其中几个单元的练习参考答案及参考译文，供大家参考。
单元一：练习一：原文：The new student is from Russia. She is a very intelligent girl. She likes math and science. 问题：What nationality is the new student? 答案：The new student is from Russia.练习二：原文：My name is John. I am a student at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). I am majoring in Business Administration. 问题：What is the name of the university where John is studying? 答案：The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).练习三：原文：He usually gets up at 7 o'clock in the morning. He takes a shower and eats breakfast at 7:30. He leaves for work at 8:00. 问题：When does he usually leave for work? 答案：He leaves for work at 8:00.单元二：练习一：原文：He is a talented artist. He can paint and draw very well. 问题：What can he do well? 答案：He can paint and draw very well.练习二：原文：I love to play tennis. It is my favorite sport.I play it every weekend. 问题：What is the author's favorite sport? 答案：Tennis.练习三：原文：My favorite food is pizza. I like to eat it with salad and French fries. 问题：What is the author's favorite food? 答案：Pizza.单元三：练习一：原文：She is a successful businesswoman. She has her own company. She is very hardworking and determined. 问题：What are the two key qualities that made her a successful businesswoman? 答案：Hardworking and determined.研究生英语读写教程课后答案《研究生英语读写教程》课后答案解析《研究生英语读写教程》是一本为研究生编写的英语读写课程教材，旨在提高学生的英语阅读和写作能力。
工程硕士研究生实用英语教程-读写译-(课文和翻译)
unit 1 graduate education 研究生教育TEXTGraduate Study Challenges and Strategies for Success反思：读研的挑战与成功策略Linda Weston Kramer, RN, BSN, CCRN琳达·威斯顿·克莱默(1) The decision to pursue graduate studies should not be taken lightly. Decisions should be made after serious consideration of personal and professional goals. One must evaluate the variety of programs offered, whether traditional on campus versus online classroom, cost of continuing education, financial aid availability, employment while in school, time allotment to complete studies, computer program technical skills, and computer/library access, to obtain a master's degree. Graduate programs should help the student acquire 3 core competencies.(1)继续读研的决定不应太草率，必须先慎重考虑个人及职业发展目标。
为了获得硕士学位，你必须评估学校提供的研究生教育的多样性，不管它是传统的校园教学还是网络课堂；你还必须评估继续接受教育的费用，是否可以获得经济资助，能否兼职，完成学业的时间分配，个人计算机能力，学校计算机及图书馆资源等各类因素。
Unit 11 Health
Unit 10 HealthDialogue A Feeling uncomfortableA:You don’t look well at all.你看起来不是很好。
B:No,I’ve been sick all morning.I think I ’d better go and see a doctor.是的。
我病了一个早上了。
我想我要去看医生了。
A:I’m sorry to hear that.Let’s go to t he accident and emergency department at the hospital.很抱歉听到这消息。
我们去医院看急诊吧。
B:I hate hospital.It takes so long waiting to see a doctor and there are sick people everywhere.我讨厌医院。
看医生要等很久，并且到处都是病人。
A:Well,there are a lot of people sick in the world!嗯，世上很多人生病啊！Dialogue B Catch a coldM:Mike L:Doctor LiL:Good morning.What’s the matter with you?早上好。
哪里不舒服吗？M:Good morning,Doctor Li.I have a headache.早上好，李医生。
我头痛。
L:All right,young man.How long have you been like this?好的，年轻人。
这样多久了？M:I had a runny nose yesterday.Now I have a sore throat and my nose is stuffed up.I feel terrible.我昨天有点流鼻水。
现在我喉咙疼，鼻塞。
感觉跟难受。
L:Don’t worry.Let me take a look at your throat.Open your mouth and say “ah”.不用担心。
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5．“我更愿意关注他们的思维方式，而不是他们的性格。
通过改变他们的思维方式，就能改变他们的行为。
”
课文翻译
有时候做女人或男人，或者做人都很难
我们对自己期望的太多，一旦我们失败我们就情绪低落，简单的生活让人更加开心。
1 许多取得极大成功的女性不久前才坦言自己精神崩溃了，紧接着《每日邮报》的首席专栏作家阿利森·皮尔森在一次急性抑郁症发作之后又艰难地做出了离职的决定。
2 斯蒂芬妮·梅里特，玛丽安·基斯和萨莉·汉普顿这些知名作家都公开向社会承认了她们工作能力严重丧失的问题。
其他一些知名人士—比如演员艾玛·汤普森和《加冕街》剧中明星贝弗利·卡拉尔—最近也承认她们一阵阵地遭受急性精神抑郁症的折磨。
3 上周《卫报》中的一篇文章问道—女性们都怎么了？在她们取得所有这些成就的同时，为什么她们患抑郁症的概率是男性的三倍之多？为什么女性中患抑郁症的概率不断攀升？答案多种多样，有的认为是因为男性不常做家务活，有的认为是由于现在女性很晚才生养孩子。
4 然而，考虑到女性患抑郁症的高发率，比起男性，女性真的处境更糟糕的吗？也许—--尽管不一定是因为她们自己认为
女性和男性由于不同的原因，不快乐方式不同。
对于女性来说，这些
原因不那么直接。
这也就是女性抑郁症更加严重也更难治疗的原因之
一。
5 作为一个一生遭受抑郁症折磨的患者，同时也是个男人— 顺便说一下，男性自杀的概率是女性的三倍— 我知道抑郁的根源除了那些明显的压力因素和遗传因素外，还有不确定性和迷惘两个原因。
6 如果人们清楚地知道她们忧愁的根源，知道能做什么和不能做什么，他们就能摆脱掉很大部分的不快乐。
当内心的冲突— 或者说矛盾 — 不停的在脑海里翻腾，
不快乐就演变为抑郁症。
7 矛盾和不确定是当代女性的命运。
当代女性一直以来被灌输她们能够“拥有一切”的神话（卫报的作家基拉·科克伦把它称为“完美生活的疯狂追求”），而她们发现自己面对的却是一对接一对不可调和的矛盾，有些是未察觉到的、有些是拒绝接受的。
8 当代女性理所当然地想拥有成功、满意的事业、成为好母亲、好朋友以及当地社区的重要成员。
同时她们还想保持性感、或许还要时髦。
谁不想这样呢？
9 然而要把这一切付诸实践实在是太难了,如果你努力成就事业，你就不能和你的孩子们有很多时间相处。
反之，把孩子放在首位吧你可能觉得自己又回到了二十世纪五十年代那个女性备受压迫、职场上弱势的时代。
这个不可调和的矛盾就足以使任何一个渴望事业的女性的产生很多焦虑和心痛。
10 很多女性既想成为家庭的照料者又想拥有自己的事业。
虽然没完
全成为时尚的奴隶，但还是希望自己漂亮而时髦。
无论胖瘦她们都热
爱自己身体原来的样子，但同时希望自己有魅力。
她们不想自己“只是”个家庭妇女，但又继续承担照顾家庭和孩子的责任。
11 再加上她们期望现代男性拥有的有些许矛盾的美德— 强壮而又敏感，成功却不物质至上，会关心人而又很阳刚 — 仅仅是存在的问题就令人难以应付。
随着性别角色的转变，每件事情都要“谈判”，或者说“争执”。
12 通常如果一个男人赚得比女人多，是否就意味着他的事业可以处于更优先的位置？谁来选择窗帘呢？除了“什么是所期待的现实”这样的困扰外，还有直截了当的实际问题。
皮尔森提出了“三明治母亲一说，即，过晚地生养孩子，同时发现自己还得照顾年老的父母。
晚育还会带来生育问题的苦恼。
于是就有了女性弱势的历史形式— 薪金的差距以及被排除在权力位置之外。
有很多让人郁闷的事。
13 在某些方面男性的情况的确要好一些，这是由于他们的欲望和需求更加直接。
我认识的大多数男性即使只在晚上或者周末才能见到自己孩子，也不觉得愧疚，可以安心地去上班。
大多数男性都不太关注时尚，也不太担心自己的身体形象。
然而最总要的一点是，我怀疑男性就不会过分担心自己“好不好”。
心理学家多萝西·罗在卫报发表文章时专门提到这个问题，她评论道：“大多数女孩从小被培养成优秀的人，而一个优秀的人常常觉得自己可以做得更好。
”她还补充道“我们接受的养育原则就是如果一个工作值得去做，就值得做好。
但事实上，女性应该学习的是如果一个工作值得去做，就值得做差 —
只要做了就行。
”
14 那又是什么事情让男性不开心呢？能想到的有几点。
男性经受更多的孤独，因为他们的社会关系网不太丰富且相互间的支持较少。
同时，他们的身份感与工作上的成功与失败密切相关。
他们也会陷入“家庭供养者”这一传统角色的困境中，这就意味着在失业男性中的抑郁症患者很多。
15 也许有些过时，很多男性把作为一个成功的丈夫与他们能够成功地为自己的配偶创造一个满意的世界联系在一起。
但因为
他们的配偶也许并不快乐。
部分原因是女性内心深处、古老或不愿承认的需要：男性就应该能够让她们快乐，很多女性并不十分感激、欣赏自己的丈夫。
16 很多女性把做好朋友，好母亲，社区的好成员，或者工作上的能手放在第一位，但很少有女性真正认为感激、欣赏丈夫（或者你愿意的话，做个“好妻子”）应该列在名单之首。
毕竟，这不过是二十世纪五十年代的家庭主妇的向往，而现代女性决心再也不回到那个可怕的监狱里去。
17 相反，现在的很多男性仍然担心自己不能做个好丈夫，因为他们没有任何受压迫的历史来禁止他们拥有这种感觉。
如果他们的妻子感到不快乐，那就是他们的失败。
18 女性的情况总是糟糕一些：她们在智力上和男性是平等的，但是她们更本能地倾向于照顾孩子（40年的社会变革似乎没有太大地改变这种强烈的需求），世界上所有慷慨的儿童照管机制也无法解决这
个矛盾。
女性在职业晋升上还是处于弱势。
尽管影响工作业绩的结构
性障碍可能被进一步排除，但那本身并不是一个解决办法。
19 那么，解决办法是什么呢？首先，正如多萝西·罗建议
女性应该降低对自己的期望。
在过去的30年男性在这方面进行了大量的实践：女性已经帮助我们许多人看清我们没什么了不起的。
但事实是：大多数女性也没什么了不起的。
我们都是普通人，有自己的缺点、通常不怎么明智，长相普通、智力一般、尽力与人和睦相处、跌跌撞撞地朝着通常既模糊、又说不清或者矛盾的目标靠近。
20 对于如何增强男女两性的幸福感我还有一个根本性的建议：不要把工作、朋友和孩子放在第一位，男女双方
这是一种很好的传统观念，但一直以来迫于其它职责的压力而不受重视。
其它的事情都应该排在它之后。
21 为个人的成功而奋斗是令人钦佩的，但是如果我们的期望是不现实的或者是矛盾的，就注定要失败，不快乐必然紧跟而至。
我们也不应该希望时时刻刻、在任何情形下都开心：不快乐是人类生存的一个正常部分，期望没有忧愁就是不快乐的根源。
22 也许，男女两性都一样，不应该为在各领域出人头地而奋斗，应该只努力做到谦逊而感恩：感激我们已经拥有的东西，尤其感激我们相互拥有、亲密无间。
这听起来很简单--
不管怎么说，看看复杂都把我们折磨成什么样了。