法律英语翻译：合营企业的设立
常用法律英语词汇
常用法律英语词汇(详细解释版)AAb initioAb initio是拉丁文,其意思是“自开始之时”或“从头开始”,可以直接翻译为“自始”。
在法律英语中,ab initio的使用频率较高,比较常见。
如:ab initio mundi(有史以来),void ad initio(自始无效)等。
详细Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合,一致,在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议,指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议,accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant;而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent(答辩人)。
acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得,获取,而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买,收购,我们通常所说的M&A,即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成立被释放,称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”一文。
Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动,行为,在法律英语中通常理解为作为,与不作为forbear相对应。
如:Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。
法律英语词汇：17个法律术语
法律英语词汇：17个法律术语1.contract，现在多译为＂合同＂，我以为不分场合、不分情况一律译为＂合同＂是不妥的。
因为我们中国人看见＂合同＂一词就想到一个书面的、写成一条一条的文件，可是contract一词的含义范围却要广泛得多。
contract不限于书面的文件，口头上也可订contract，打电话也可以订contract，甚至于不说话也能订contract，例如在报摊上付钱买份晚报或买票搭乘公共汽车。
contract就是有法律约束力的协议，只有较重要的contract才采取书面形式。
所以一般的、泛指的contract应当译＂契约＂，例如law of contract应当译＂契约法＂，较重要的、书面的contract才译＂合同＂，例如contract for the international sale of goods可以译＂国际售货合同＂。
2.intellectual property，不知道当初为何译成＂知识产权＂，以后竟然以讹传讹广泛沿用至今，而且订入法律，实在可叹！这个词组不论按字面上译、按含义译都不能译＂知识产权＂。
intellectual一词根本没有＂知识＂的意思，它与＂知识＂是两个不同的概念。
作为名词intellectual指＂知识分子＂，但是在intellectual property词组中intellectual显然是形容词而不是名词，何况＂知识分子＂与＂知识＂并不能划等号，即使退一万步对号入座地硬译，也只能译＂知识分子产权＂而不能译＂知识产权＂。
当然，译＂知识分子产权＂也是错的。
从含义上看，何谓intellectual property？它是指对于智力劳动所创造的智力产品或智力成果的权利，主要包括版权、专利权、商标权等，所以应该译为＂智力产权＂。
我们的前辈严复曾说，＂一名之立，旬月踟蹰＂，我们今天对待译名何等需要那样的认真精神啊！译名宜慎重，不要随便译，使用现有的译名也该慎重，尤其不要随便跟着别人使用、传播错误的译名，应该抵制错误的译名！3.joint venture.这个术语译时要当心。
法律英语翻译常用词汇
Accord和解或和解协议，如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction 和解与清偿等。
Accused被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
acquireacquire指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”一文。
Actact作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。
Action诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action提起诉讼，win an action 在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。
Adjourn休庭，押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。
第八章英语翻译中的词类转换(课堂讲练) (1)
第八章法律英语词汇翻译方法（课堂讲练）本章教学目标：了解法律英语翻译中词类转换若干基本方法。
一、法律词汇英汉互译中的词类转换英汉词汇分类大致相当，但鉴于不同的表达习惯，在翻译时不能苛求词类相当，否则可能导致译文意义晦涩，不知所云。
例1、1）、Preference shareholders are entitled to a priority in the assets if the company is wound up.译文：如果公司被解散，优先股东有优先分得公司资产的权利。
说明：“Preference Shareholders”，意为“shareholders having priority over Ordinary Shareholders for the dividend (the part of the money which is divided among shareholders) and assets allocation.”本句中的介词“in”如直译为“在—里”，显然拗口，这里就存在着词类转换，即把英语的介词转换为动词。
2）、The “Events of Default”, as used in this Contract, shall mean the occurrence, from time to time, of any of the following circumstances.译文：合同中使用的“违约事项”是指发生以下情形—说明：本句的“occurrence”本为名词，但在译成汉语时，转换成动词较译成“发生”更通达。
所以，为使翻译的译文更加通顺，符合其本身的表达习惯，必要时，就应进行词类转换，在英汉互译过程当中，最常见的就是名词与动词的转换，具体而言，在英译汉时，名词转译为动词最常见，这与汉语语句习惯叠加动词，以致同一句中谓语动词“群雄并立“，而英语句子中只有主要谓语动词”一枝独秀“，其余动词只能转为动名词的不同表达习惯紧密相关。
法律英语中典型句型的翻译[1]
![法律英语中典型句型的翻译[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/8097ab791711cc7931b71684.png)
第10卷第6期2008年11月湖南医科大学学报(社会科学版)Journa l of Soc i a l Sc i ence of Hunan M ed i ca l Un i versityVol110 No16Nov.2008法律英语中典型句型的翻译朱敏冠,唐新萍(湖南第一师范学院外语系,湖南长沙,410205)[摘要] 撷取了法律英语中的一些典型句型,并就其在普通英语和法律英语中的用法进行了比较,探讨了其在法律英语中的翻译方法,力图保持目的语与原语在专业术语和句型结构方面的一致性。
[关键词] 法律英语;典型句型;翻译[中图分类号] H315.9 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1008-8229(2008)06-0179-04 法律与语言的关系密切,语言既是法律的载体又是法律的实质。
与其他类型的翻译相比,法律翻译有其独特的风格和技巧。
过去,中国大量借鉴和吸收外国法学的精粹,为中国法学注入了活力,造就了中国法学的日益繁盛,而这离不开法律英语的翻译。
如今,经济全球化的进程日益加快,在英语作为世界语言的大背景下,中国各行各业都会不同程度地参与国际交往。
如中国积极地参与W T O决策,解决相关的贸易争端,启动或应对外国的反倾销、反补贴调查等等。
而离开了法律英语翻译,或者不能高效准确地进行法律英语翻译,中方代表就难以及时恰当地表达自己的主张并实现自己的权利。
所以,法律英语的良好翻译,一方面能实现中华法系和英美普通法系之间的融合与互补,另一方面也是适应经济全球化的趋势,能更好地促进我国对外贸易的交流与合作。
法律英语作为一种具有规约性的语言分支,有其独特的语言风格,如文本意思艰深晦涩、用词准确严谨、句型结构复杂冗长等等,这使得法律翻译的难度大大高于其他类型的翻译。
然而,法律英语中一些句型重复使用的频率非常高,且法律翻译的一个重要原则就是保持目的语与原语在专业术语和句型结构方面的一致性和同一性。
所以,我们如果能总结法律英语中一些典型句型的特点,并找出翻译这些句型的技巧,则可以大大提高翻译工作的效率。
法律英语翻译(一)
法律英语翻译：法律翻译常用词汇注释（D-K）翻译法律文件时，有些专用词不知道怎么翻，或者不确定最准确、最专业的译法是什么，确实让人苦恼。
这里有法律翻译中常见词的中文注释，按字母排序，方便查找。
DDamagesdamages在法律英语中表示损害赔偿金，要注意用的是复数形式，如果用单数，则表示损害。
如incidental damages 附带损害consequential damages 间接损害claim damages for the breach of contract．因违约要损害赔偿金等。
Debenturedebenture的意思是债券，通常指的是无担保债券。
如bank debenture 金融债券bearer debenture 不记名债券coupon bank debenture 附息票金融债券customs debenture 海关退税凭单等。
Declarationdeclaration在法律英语中常用作申报，如customs declaration报关，export declaration出口申报，income tax declaration个税申报等。
Decree法庭判令。
法庭聆讯后所作出的判令，可以分成暂时性判令“decree nisi” 和永久性判令“decree absolute”，常见于离婚呈请的程序。
一般而言，法庭颁出decree nisi后，在指定的期限过后，除非收到反对，否则都会颁出永久判令。
Deed契约。
是一种特别的合约，须要经过当事人签署、盖章并送交对方才算有效，契约上的盖章在法律上被视为一种有效的约因。
Defamation诽谤。
非法破坏他人名誉的行为，口头的毁谤和以书面的永久形式诽谤都可以构成民事索偿的理据或者刑事罪行。
Defence抗辩。
刑事或民事案件中的被告，否认有关的指控或申索，同时提出反对的支持事实。
Delegatedelegate在法律英语中的意思是转让，通常指义务的转让，如：In accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter “China”), the consent of the creditors shall be obtained for the delegation of obligations to become effective.根据中华人民共和国（以下称“中国”）法律，义务的转让须取得债权人的同意方可生效。
法律英语翻译：经营管理机构
法律英语翻译：经营管理机构4.1.1法律条文1. 合营企业设经营管理机构，负责企业的日常经营管理工作。
经营管理机构设总经理一人，副总经理若干人。
副总经理协助总经理工作。
1， A joint venture shall establish its business management organization， which shall be responsible for its day-to-day business management. The business management organization shall have one general manager and several deputy general managers， who shall assist the general manager in his work.2. 总经理执行董事会会议的各项决议，组织领导合营企业的日常经营管理工作。
在董事会授权范围内，总经理对外代表合营企业，对内任免下属人员，行使董事会授予的其他职权。
2. The general manager shall carry out the various decisions of the board meeting， and organize and lead the daily management work of the joint venture. The general manager shall， within the authority given bythe board of directors， represent the joint venture externally and appoint and dismiss his subordinates in the joint venture and exercise other powers granted by the board of directors.3. 总经理、副总经理由合营企业董事会聘请，可以由中国公民担任，也可以由外国公民担任。
法律英语翻译：投资总额和注册资本
法律英语翻译：投资总额和注册资本2.1.1 法规条文1. 合营企业的投资总额（含企业贷款），是指按照合营企业合同、章程规定的生产规模需要投入的基本建设资金和生产流动资金的总合。
1. The total amount of investment （including borrowings） of a joint venture refers to the sum total of the capital construction funds and the circulating funds required to be invested in conformity with the joint venture‘s production scale as set out in the contract and the articles of association of the joint venture.2. 合营企业的注册资本，是指为设立合营企业在登记管理机构登记的资本总额，应为合营各方认缴的出资额之和。
合营企业的注册资本一般应当以人民币表示，也可以用合营各方约定的外币表示。
2. The registered capital of a joint venture refers to the total capital registered with the registration authority for the establishment of thejoint venture. It shall be the sum of the capital contributions subscribed by all parties to the joint venture.The registered capital shall generally be denominated in Renminbi or may be in a foreign currency agreed upon by the parties to the joint venture.3. 合营企业在合营期内不得减少其注册资本。
公司法中英对照
公司法中英对照公司法是我国立法的经济法律中的一个重要组成部分，主要用于规范和管理公司组织的设立、运营和解散等事务。
下面是公司法的中英对照内容和相关参考内容。
1. 公司的定义与分类公司法对公司的定义进行了明确的规定，并将公司分为有限责任公司和股份有限公司两种形式。
根据这两种形式，公司的组织形式、权益、责任等方面也有着不同的规定。
Definition and Classification of Companies:The Company Law provides clear definitions and classifies companies into two forms: limited liability company and joint-stock limited company. Based on these two forms, the organization, rights, and responsibilities of companies are regulated.2. 公司的设立与登记公司的设立需要满足一定的条件，包括有限责任公司设立的最低注册资本和股份有限公司设立的最低发起人人数等。
此外，公司的设立还需要进行工商部门的登记手续，以取得合法的身份和经营权益。
Establishment and Registration of Companies:The establishment of a company requires certain conditions to be met, including the minimum registered capital for limited liability companies and the minimum number of initiators for joint-stock limited companies. In addition, the establishment of a company also requires registration procedures with the industrial andcommercial department to obtain legal identity and business rights.3. 公司的股东与股权公司的股权代表了股东对公司的所有权和控制权。
法律英语翻译：董事会
法律英语翻译：董事会3.1.1 法规条文1. 合营企业设董事会，其人数组成由合营各方协商，在合同、章程中确定，并由合营各方委派和撤换。
董事长和副董事长由合营各方协商确定或由董事会选举产生。
中外合营者的一方担任董事长的，由他方担任副董事长。
董事会根据平等互利的原则，决定合营企业的重大问题。
1. A joint venture shall set up a board of directors， the member and composition of which shall be specified in the contract and articles of association by the parties to the joint venture through consultation. The directors shall be appointed and replaced by the parties. Chairman or vice-chairman shall be determined by the parties to the joint venture through consultation or elected by the board of directors. Where the Chinese party or the foreign party assumes the office of chairman， the other party shall be the vice-chairman. The board of directors shall decide important matters concerning the jointventure on the principles of equality and mutual benefit.2. 董事会的职权是按合营企业章程规定，讨论决定合营企业的一切重大问题：企业发展规划、生产经营活动方案、收支预算、利润分配、劳动工资计划、停业，以及总经理、副总经理、总工程师、总会计师、审计师的任命或聘请及其职权和待遇等。
法律英语翻译：适用法律和争议的解决
法律英语翻译：适用法律和争议的解决11.1.1法律条文1. 合营企业合同的订立、效力、解释、履行及其争议的解决，适用中华人民共和国法律。
1. The conclusion， validity， interpretation， and performance of the contract of a joint venture and settlement of disputes in connection therewith shall be governed by the laws of the People＂s Republic of China.2.合营各方在解释或者履行合营企业协议、合同、章程时发生争议的，应当尽量通过友好协商或者调解解决。
经过协商或者调解无效的，提请仲裁或者司法解决。
2. The disputes arising from the interpretation or performance of the joint venture agreement， contract and/or articles of association shall be settled through friendly consultation or conciliation between the parties to the joint venture. In case such consultation or conciliation fails， the disputes may be submitted to arbitration or a law court for settlement.2. When a dispute between the parties to a joint venture arises from the interpretation or performance of the joint venture agreement，contract and/or articles of association， the parties shall make every endeavor to resolve it through friendly consultation or mediation. If such consultation or mediation comes to no avail， the parties shall submit the dispute to arbitration or a law court for settlement.3.合营各方根据有关仲裁的书面协议，可以在中国的仲裁机构进行仲裁，也可以在其他们仲裁机构仲裁。
法律英语词汇大全(完美版)
法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right 同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right 亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment 个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment 国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise 中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act 双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act 法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act 要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act 要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act 不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term 生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death 死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death 准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent 再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation 时效中断interruption oflimitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility 刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault 推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness 过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things 主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing 孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership 所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management承包经营权right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract 地役权servitude; easement人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude 担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage 抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage 抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage 抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage 抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage 留置权lien一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart; offeree给付give; pay债务debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的免除exemption of debt债的分类obligatio; obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation主债prime/principal obligation从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefinite obligation合同之债contractual obligation侵权行为之债tort obligation损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage医药费hospital treatment expense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee of obligation财产担保property guarantee信用担保credit guarantee让与担保alienation guarantee保证guaranty明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship保证金guaranty bond; security deposit押金deposit; foregift预付款advanced payment定金earnest money; deposit违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidated damages by law约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement 债的履行performance of obligation实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge; satisfaction提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment 优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection 特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyright owner创作creation作品opus; product; work著作人格权right of personality of copyright 发表权right of publication署名权right of authorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification; right of revision 完整性保持权right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right of recall; right of retrieval自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense著作财产权property right in work使用收益分享权right to share usufruct利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to get payment重播权right of rebroadcasting录制权right of fixation机械复制权right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright 剽窃plagiary; plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造forge工业产权industrial property专利权patent right优先权日priority date申请在先原则prior application rule使用在先priority of use新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造invention and creation实用新型utility model外观设计design; industrial design发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery专利申请patent application专利异议objection to a patent专利公告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee of patent专利许可协议patent licensing agreement 技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate of patent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China商标权trademark right商标国际注册international registration of trademark商品商标commodity trademark服务商标service trademark驰名商标reputed trademark广告商标advertisement trademark近似商标similar trademark商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board商标审查trademark examination商标侵权trademark infringement商标注册registered trademark商标公告trademark gazette注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family,inheritance, adoption婚姻法marital law; marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage财产分割partition; dismemberment of property重婚bigamy独生子女only child法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board复婚resumption of marriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties婚姻登记marriage registration婚生子女ligitimate child计划生育birth control结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenary marriage拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law 旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation 涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements 配偶spouse事实婚de facto marriage诉讼离婚divorce by litigation探视权visitation right同居cohabitation 晚婚late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚divorce by agreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚early marriage直系血亲lineal descent自然血亲natural blood relation收养法adoption law收养协议adoption agreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption涉外收养adoption with foreign elements继承法inheritance law; law of succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestate succession遗赠继承succession by devise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation; succession by subrogation世袭继承hereditary succession间接继承indirect succession转继承subsuccession共同继承joint succession单独继承single succession继承人heir; successor第二顺序继承人successor second in order第一顺序继承人successor first in order继承参与人succession participant遗产inheritance; heritage遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor遗言last will and testament遗书last words遗赠bequest; legacy; devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement会计法accounting law税法tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法anti-unfair competition law 消费者权益保护法consumer’s interest protection law产品责任法production liability law消费者权益法consumer rights and interests law公司法company law; corporate law公司company; corporation有限责任公司limited liability company股份有限公司company limited by shares无限公司unlimited company股份两合公司joint stock limited liability partnership两合公司joint liability company控股公司holding company集团公司group company合资公司joint venture company联营公司associated company; affiliated company国营公司state-own company国有公司state-owned company民营公司civilian-run company本国公司national/domestic company外国公司foreign company 上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcase company; fundless company募集设立incorporation by stock floatation发起人floater; initiator公司名称name of company公司住址domicile of company出资contribution; capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements注册资本registered capital实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certified public accountant资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance 资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital 最低资本额制度minimum capital system公司章程articles of association; articles ofincorporation; bylaw公司登记incorporation; corporate registration 公司存续existence of company公司合并分立merger and split of company 公司并购corporate merger and acquisition公司管理corporate governance; company management公司法律顾问corporate counsel公司整顿company rectification公司歇业closure of business公司和解company composition公司解散company dissolution公司清算company liquidation公司清理company winding-up竞业禁止non-commpete; competition prohibition招股章程prospectus股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolution of shareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’meeting表决权voting right; right to vote董事director董事长president/chairman of the board首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO)首席运营官chief operation officer(COO)执行董事executive director常务董事managing director 董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors经理独立负责制manager independent responsibility system监事supervisor监事会board of supervisors股share; stock普通股common stock特别股special stock资格股qualification stock优先股preferred stock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock with voting power溢价股premium stock折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend红股bonus stock; dividend stock法定公积金legal accumulation fund资本公积金capital accumulation fund盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund任意公积金optional accumulation fund公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law证券发行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue证券交易所stock exchange证券商securities dealer证券公司securities company证券承销商consortium of underwriters证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosing system交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange 深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange 证券监督委员会securities supervision committee票据法law of negotiable instrument票据notes; bills; commercial instruments商业票据bill; commercial instrument远期票据time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable to order; note to order 不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill 票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act on commercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest a bill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payer on commercial instrument 票据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人bill guarantor票据被保证人bill pledgee/warrantee再追索人renewed recourser前手remote holder后手subsequent endorser票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill; tenor票据债务人debtor of commercial instrument 追索权right of recourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription of exchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments海商法maritime law船舶国籍证书certificate of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality船棋国flag country船舶所有权证书certificate of ship ownership 船舶检验register of ship船舶保险insurance on hull船舶保险单hull insurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnage measurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押ship mortgage船舶租赁ship chartering船舶转租ship subchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities of ship owners船舶碰撞ship collision船舶遇难maritime distress海上灾难perils of the sea海上拖航marine towage船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit船级社classification society船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritime mortgage海上优先请求权priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claim to salvage共同海损优先权priority claim to general average服务优先权priority claim to service货物损害优先权priority claim to cargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to ship credit and goods credit海运合同shipping contract提单bill of lading(B/L)空舱费dead freight租船费charterage租船合同charter-party contract of affreightment期租船合同time charter-party; time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party定期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminaljurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritime disputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritime attachment海事优先请求权preferential right top maritime claim海事请求保全申请书application/petition for maritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization of the distrained ship海事仲裁程序规则rules of maritime arbitration procedure保险法insurance law自愿保险voluntary insurance强制保险compulsory insurance商业保险commercial insurance财产保险property insurance人身保险personal insurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accident insurance社会保险social insurance养老保险endowment insurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemployment insurance 信用保险credit insurance保证保险guaranty insurance保险合同insurance contract保险人insurer; underwriter被保险人the insured受益人benificiary投保人applicant for insurance;; policy holder 保险单insurance policy保险标的insurance object保险费premium保险期限time limit of insurance保险利益insurable interest保险金额insurance; insurance compensation 保险事故insurance accident保险赔偿insurance indemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurance broker索赔claim代位索赔claim by subrogation理赔settlement of claim代位求偿权right of subrogation委付abandonment退保cancellation/discharging of insurance。
合同翻译常用句型-合营企业的设立
合同翻译经典句型荟萃之合营企业的设立 1 合营企业的设立 The establishment of a joint venture依照《中外合资经营企业法》批准在中国境内设立的中外合资经营企业以下简称合营企业是中国的法人受中法律王法公法令的管辖和庇护。
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures (hereinafter referred toas joint ventures) established within Chinese territory uponthe approval in accordance with the Law on Chinese-ForeignEquity Joint Ventures are Chinese legal persons, who shallbe governed and protected by Chinese law.在中国境内设立的合营企业该当能够促进中国经济的发展和科学技术水平的提高有利于社会主义现代化建设。
Joint ventures established within Chinese territory shall beable to promote the development of the economy and theenhancement of the science and technology of China andfacilitate China’s socialist modernization.国家鼓励、允许、限制、或者禁止设立合营企业的行业按照国家指导外商投资标的目的的规定及外商投资产业指导目录执行。
Industries in which the establishment of joint ventures isencouraged, permitted, restricted or prohibited by the Stateshall be determined in accordance with provisions of theState in the Regulations on Foreign Investment Guidelinesand the Guideline Catalogue of Foreign InvestmentIndustries.在中国境内设立合营企业必需经中华人民共和国对外贸易经济合作部以下简称对外贸易合作部审查批准。
法律英语翻译：税务、外汇管理和保险
法律英语翻译：税务、外汇管理和保险法律英语翻译：税务、外汇管理和保险7.1.1 法规条文1. 合营企业应当按照中华人民共和国有关法律的规定，缴纳各种税款。
1. Joint venture shall pay taxes in accordance with the provisions of the relevant laws of the People‘s Republic of China.2. 合营企业的职工应当按照《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》缴纳个人所得税。
2. Staff and workers of joint ventures shall pay individual income tax in accordance with the Individual Income Tax Law of the People‘s Republic of China.3. 合营企业进口下列物资，依照中国税法的有关规定减税、免税：（1）按照合同规定作为外国合营者出资的机器设备、零部件和其他物料（其他物料系指合营企业建厂（场）以及安装、加固机器所需材料，下同）；（2）合营企业以投资总额以内的资金进口的机器设备、零部件和其他物料；（3）经审批机构批准，合营企业以增加资本所进口的国内不能保证生产供应的机器设备、零部件和其他物料；（4）合营企业为生产出口产品，从国外进口的原材料、辅料、元器件、零部件和包装物料。
上述减税、免税进口物资，经批准在中国国内转卖或者转用于在中国国内销售的产品，应当照章纳税或者补税。
3. Taxes on the following materials imported by a joint venture shall be reduced or exempted in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Chinese tax law：（1）Machinery and equipment，spare parts andcomponents，and other goods （“other goods” shall， herein and hereinafter，mean materials needed by a joint venture to build its factory or site and to install and consolidate the machinery.）contributed by the foreign party to the joint venture as investment under the joint venture contract；（2）Machinery and equipment，spare parts and components，and other goods imported with funds out of the total investment of a joint venture；（3）Machinery and equipment，spare parts and components and other goods imported by a joint venture with additional capital and upon the approval by the examination and approval authority，the production and supply of which cannot be guaranteed in China；（4）Raw materials，auxiliary materials，components，elements，spare parts，and packing material imported by a jointventure for the production of export goods.When the above-mentioned materials on which taxes are reduced or exempted are approved for resale in China or used for products to be sold in China，taxes shall be paid or the balance in tax payment shall be made up in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Chinese tax law.4. 合营企业生产的出口产品，除中国限制出口的以外，依照中国税法的有关规定减税、免税或者退税。
法律英语基础句子：Partnership 合伙
法律英语根底句子：Partnership 合伙Partnership 合伙1.A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on a business for profit.合伙企业指的是两个或两个以上的个人为牟利而组成的商事结合体。
2.Each partner is viewed as the other’的代理人。
3.Every partner may take part in the management of the partnership business.每个合伙人都能够参与合伙企业的业务治理。
4.Family partnership is one in which the partners are members of a family.家庭合伙是指合伙人均为一个家庭成员的合伙。
5.No partner shall be entitled to remuneration for acting in the partnership business.任何合伙人均无权因参与合伙企业业务活动而获得酬劳。
6.Partners are taxed as individuals and are personally liable for torts and contractual obligations.合伙人按个人纳税，且以个人名义承担侵权和合同责任。
7.Unless it is a limited partnership，it need not be established in writing.除非属于有限责任性质，合伙关系无须以书面缔结。
8.The other partners shall，under the same condition，enjoy priority in obtaining the assignment.在同等条件下，其他合伙人有优先购置权。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
法律英语翻译：合营企业的设立1.1.1法规条文1. 依照《中外合资经营企业法》批准在中国境内设立的中外合资经营企业（以下简称合营企业）是中国的法人，受中国法律的管辖和保护。
1. Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures （hereinafter referred to as joint ventures）established within Chinese territory upon the approval in accordance with the Law on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures are Chinese legal persons， who shall be governed and protected by Chinese law.2. 在中国境内设立的合营企业，应当能够促进中国经济的发展和科学技术水平的提高，有利于社会主义现代化建设。
国家鼓励、允许、限制、或者禁止设立合营企业的行业，按照国家指导外商投资方向的规定及外商投资产业指导目录执行。
2. Joint ventures established within Chinese territory shall be able to promote the development of the economy and the enhancement of the science andtechnology of China and facilitate China‘s socialist modernization.Industries in which the establishment of joint ventures is encouraged， permitted， restricted or prohibited by the State shall be determined in accordance with provisions of the State in the Regulations on Foreign Investment Guidelines and the Guideline Catalogue of Foreign Investment Industries.3. 在中国境内设立合营企业，必须经中华人民共和国对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称对外贸易合作部）审查批准。
批准后，由对外贸易经济合作部发给批准证书。
3. The establishment of a joint venture within Chinese territory shall be subject to the examination and approval by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the People‘s Republic of China （MOFTEC）。
Upon approval， MOFTEC shall issue a certificate of approval thereof.4. 凡具备下列条件的，国务院授权省、自治区、直辖市人民政府或者国务院有关部门审批：（1）投资总额在国务院规定的投资审批权限以内，中国合营者的资金来源已经落实的；（2）不需要国家增拨原材料，不影响燃料、动力、交通运输、外贸出口配额等方面的全国平衡的。
依照前款批准设立的合营企业，应当报对外贸易合作部备案。
对外贸易合作部和国务院授权的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府或者国务院有关部门，以下统称审批机构。
4. The State Council shall delegate to thepeople‘s governments of the provinces，autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government or the relevant departments under the State Council the power to examine and approve joint ventures which meet the following conditions：（1） The total investment of a joint venture is within the amount limited by the authority as granted by the State Council for examination and approval of investment， and the source of capital of the Chinese party has been ascertained； and（2） No additional allocation of raw materials by the State is required and the national balance inrespect of fuel， power， transportation， foreign trade export quota is not affected.Joint ventures established in accordance with provisions of the proceeding paragraphs shall be reported to MOFTEC for record.MOFTEC and the people‘s governments of provinces， autonomous regions， municipalities directly under the Central Government authorized by the State Council or the relevant departments under the State Council shall hereinafter be referred to as the examination and approval authority.5. 申请设立合营企业，由中外合营者共同向审批机构报送下列文件：（1）设立合营企业的申请书；（2）合营各方共同编制的可行性研究报告；（3）由合营各方授权代表签署的合营企业协议、合同和章程；（4）由合营各方委派的合营企业董事长、副董事长、董事人选名单；（5）审批机构规定的其他文件。
前款所列文件必须用中文书写，其中第（2）、（3）、（4）项文件可以同时用合营各方商定的一种外文书写。
两种文字书写的文件具有同等效力。
审批机构发现报送的文件有不当之处的，应当要求限期修改。
5. When applying for establishing a joint venture， the Chinese and foreign partners shalljointly submit the following documents to the examination and approval authority：（1） an application for the establishment of the joint venture；（2） the feasibility study report jointly prepared by the parties to the joint venture；（3） the joint venture agreement， contract and articles of association executed by the duly authorized representatives of the parties to the joint venture；（4） list of the candidates for the chairman，vice-chairman and directors of the joint venture nominated by the parties to the joint venture； and（5） other documents specified by the examination and approval authority.The documents listed in the proceeding paragraphs must be written in Chinese， among them. Documents （2），（3） and （4） may be written simultaneously in a foreign language agreed upon by the parties to the joint venture. Documents written in both languages shall be equally authentic.If anything inappropriate is found in the documents submitted， the examination and approval authority shall require that it be amended within the specified time.6. 审批机构自接到本条例第五条规定的全部文件之日起，3个月内决定批准或不批准。
6. The examination and approval authority shall，within three months of the receipt of all the documents stipulated in Article 5 of these regulations， decide whether to approve or not to approve such documents.7. 申请者应当自收到批准证书之日起1个月内，按照国家有关规定，向工商行政管理机关办理登记手续。
合营企业的营业执照签发日期，即为该合营企业的成立日期。
7. The applicant shall， within one month of the receipt of the certificate of approval， go through the registration procedures with the administrative authority of industry and commerce in accordance with the relevant stipulations of the State. The date on which the business license of a joint venture is issued shall be the date of the establishment of the joint venture.1.2.1 合同条款1. 根据《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》和中国其他有关法律法规，上海太阳有限公司（以下简称“甲方”）与沃伦有限公司（以下简称“乙方”）本着平等互利的原则，通过友好协商，同意在中华人民共和国（“中国”）上海共同成立一家合资经营公司（“合营公司”），特签订本合资经营合同（“合同”）。