Methodology
托福物理学专业词汇：方法论Methodology
托福物理学专业词汇：方法论Methodology托福物理学学科分类词汇：方法论Methodology方法论,Methodology英语短句,例句大全方法论,Methodology1)Methodology[英][,Meθ?'D?L?D?I][美]['M?Θ?'Dɑl?D??]方法论1.Theoretical System And Methodology Of Coal Structural Chemistry;煤结构化学的理论体系与方法论2.Discussion On Research Methodology Of Law Of Evidence.;证据法学研究的方法论问题3.Thinking The System Biology And Its Methodology;对统生物学及其方法论的思考英文短句/例句1.On Innovation From Methodology Of Law Economics To Traditional Law Methodology;论法经济学方法论对传统法学方法论的创新2.On The Methods And Methodology Of Feminist Research In Education;论女性主义教育研究的方法和方法论3.One Methodology Suspicion--The Evolutionary Theories Of Gene On "Rule By Law";方法论猜想——“法治”基因进化论4.The Scientific Development Theory And The Ecological Trend Of Jurisprudence Methodology;论科学发展观与法学方法论的生态化5.Methodology Of Law And Economics：A General Review;法和经济学方法论：一个综述性的评论6.On Litigation Object论诉讼证明对象——以法律方法论为启示7.On System Analytical And Synthetic Method And Its Methodology试论系统分析综合法及其方法论启示8.The Object Of Existentialism,Theory Of Existence And Generative Methodology;存有论、生存论与生成性方法论旨趣9.Considering Poetry Is Just Like Considering Chan--An Analysis Of Yan Yu S Methodology Of "Considering Poetry As Chan";论诗如论禅——严羽“以禅喻诗”方法论辨析10.Epistemological And Methodological Significances Of Pound S Theory Of Translation;庞德翻译理论的理解论、方法论意义11.The Elaboration Of Marx S Influences In Logic And Reality;论马克思的跨越理论及其方法论意义12.On Jiang Zemin S Theory Of Innovation And Its Methodological Meaning;试论江泽民创新理论及其方法论意义13.On The Epistemological And Methodological Problems In The Probability Theory浅谈概率论中的理解论及方法论问题14.Housing Price Forecasting Method Based On TEI@I Methodology;基于TEI@I方法论的房价预测方法15.An Analysis Of The Necessity Of The Artistic Methodology Used In Education Research Methodology;解析教育研究方法论也需要艺术方法16.Exploration Of Teaching Way Of Practice Of "Middle School Mathematics Methodology;《中学数学方法论》教学实践方法探讨17.The Criminal Rebuilding Ways,Theory And Methodology In USA美国犯罪重建的方法、原理与方法论18.On Source Of Law--From The Perspective Of Legal And Jurisprudence Methodologies;论法律渊源——以法学方法和法律方法为视角相关短句/例句Method[英]['Meθ?D][美]['M?Θ?D]方法论1.A Research On The Methods Of Key Technology;关键技术选择与评价的方法论研究2.On The Method Characteristics Of Jiang Ze - Min Thought And Theory;论江泽民思想理论的方法论特征3.The Article Elaborates The Four Levels And Meaning Of The Industry Design Method.阐述了工业设计方法论内容的四个层次及意义,后结合实际,重点用创新设计法、形态组构法、设计管理法等理论对宝马这个世界汽车品牌及其旗下第五代新产品宝马5系轿车的设计研发过程实行分析。
Methodology老外关于写作和科研的ppt
• 4. case study: the background, development, current conditions and environmental interactions of one or more individuals, groups, communities, businesses or institutions is observed, recorded and analyzed for stages of patterns in relation to internal and external influences.
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This section describes the steps you followed in conducting your study and the materials you used at each step.The method section is useful to readers who want to know how the methodology of your study may have influenced your results, or who are interested in replicating or extending your study.
Research Methodology
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Lecture topics:
• Purpose • Different types of research • Examples of method sections • Common problems • Language conventions in method
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• In some cases, it is useful for other researchers to adapt or replicate your methodology, so often sufficient information is given to allow others to use the work. This is particularly the case when a new method had been developed, or an innovative adaptation used.
(完整版)Methodology方法的定义
Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study. It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge. Typically, it encompasses concepts such as paradigm, theoretical model, phases and quantitative or qualitative techniques.[1]A methodology does not set out to provide solutions - it is, therefore, not the same as a method. Instead, a methodology offers the theoretical underpinning for understanding which method, set of methods, or so-called “best practices” can be applied to specific case, for example, to calculating a specific result.It has been defined also as follows:1."the analysis of the principles of methods, rules, and postulatesemployed by a discipline";[2]2."the systematic study of methods that are, can be, or have beenapplied within a discipline";[2]3."the study or description of methods".[3]1.2.Methodology Usage Notes, entry at Merriam–Webster3.Baskerville, R. (1991). "Risk Analysis as a Source of ProfessionalKnowledge". Computers & Security 10 (8): 749–764A system of broad principles or rules from which specific methods or procedures may be derived to interpret or solve different problems within the scope of a particular discipline. Unlike an algorithm, a methodology is not a formula but a set of practices. Business Dictionary1.the branch of philosophy that analyzes the principles and procedures of inquiry in a particular discipline 2.the system of methods followed in a particular discipline.-----WordNetA methodology is a system of methods and principles for doing something, for example for teaching or for carrying out research. 柯林斯英汉双解大辞典Methodology是一整套方法，比较系统的那种比如“数据统计分析的方法”也可以是哲学上说的方法论method就是作某件事的方法、办法，比如“上网的方法。
methodology词根词缀
方法论词根词缀探究在研究方法和哲学领域，methodology 是一个非常重要的概念。
本文将探讨 methodology 词根词缀的含义、起源以及其在现代研究中的应用。
下面是本店铺为大家精心编写的3篇《方法论词根词缀探究》，供大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
《方法论词根词缀探究》篇1一、methodology 的词根词缀含义methodology 这个词源于古希腊语，其中 methodeia 意为“方法”、“技巧”,而 logos 则表示“言语”、“理性”。
因此，methodology 可以被理解为“研究方法的理性分析”。
在现代研究中，methodology 被用来指称一种关于研究方法的理论和实践的学问，这种学问旨在帮助研究者选择、设计和实施最为有效和可靠的研究方法。
二、methodology 的起源methodology 的概念可以追溯到古希腊时期，当时哲学家们开始关注知识获取的方法和过程。
在随后的几个世纪中，这种方法论思想被不断发展和完善，直到 19 世纪，方法论才开始成为一种独立的学科领域。
在 20 世纪，随着社会科学研究的迅速发展，方法论的应用范围也得到了拓展。
此时，方法论开始涉及到更多的研究领域，如社会学、心理学、经济学等。
三、methodology 在现代研究中的应用在现代研究中，methodology 的应用可以分为以下几个方面: 1. 研究设计在进行研究之前，研究者需要制定一份详细的研究设计方案。
这个方案包括研究的目的、研究问题、研究假设、样本、数据收集方法和分析方法等。
methodology 为研究者提供了选择和设计研究方法的指导。
2. 研究质量评估methodology 可以帮助研究者评估研究的质量。
通过检查研究设计、数据收集和分析方法等方面的合理性和可靠性，可以判断一项研究的质量和可信度。
3. 研究结果解释methodology 也可以帮助研究者解释研究结果。
通过理解研究方法的局限性和优点，可以更好地理解研究结果的含义和适用范围。
合作教学法的methodology
合作教学法的methodology合作教学法是一种全人教育的方法，它旨在通过鼓励学生之间合作，以及帮助他们开发解决问题的能力，将学生带入一个更深层次的学习体验。
根据最新研究，这种方法已经成为有效的教学方法之一。
下面，我们将分步骤地阐述合作教学法的methodology。
第一步：设定目标在合作教学法中，设定目标通常是课堂教学的起点。
为了让学生更好地理解所学的知识和技能，教师应该设定可实现的目标和清晰的指标。
在定目标时，教师应该更好地了解学生的学习需求，以此来确保目标的实际可行性。
第二步：规划学习任务在实现教学目标的同时，教师需要规划与目标相匹配的学习任务。
学习任务必须确保能够帮助学生将知识和技能与现实紧密结合。
例如，在英语教学中，教师可以让学生以小组为单位来完成某个主题的讨论或浏览某个必修书籍，而这个任务可以最大限度地促进学生的英语会话能力。
第三步：安排小组合作安排小组合作是合作教学法中的重要一步。
在合作小组中，学生必须以共同的目标和任务为核心，一起成长和学习。
合理安排合作小组可以帮助学生之间更好地合作，并建立更好的协作关系。
教师应该为小组成员分配角色、确定任务分配，并确保小组成员之间有合理的交流和沟通渠道。
第四步：实施合作教学当教师安排好了学习任务和小组合作后，就可以实施合作教学法了。
在实施的过程中，教师应该为学生提供知识和技能的支持，并在学生需要指导的时候挺身而出，使学生在学习中获得全面的知识。
第五步：进行评估评估是合作教学法中的最后一步。
在评估学生的知识和技能时，教师应该考虑学生的团队合作能力。
教师可以为学生采用多元化的测评方式，例如日常记录、学生反思、小组展示和座谈会等。
最后，教师应该细心地审查结果并为学生制定具体的反馈和行动计划。
综合而言，合作教学法是一种有效的教学方法，可以让学生在小组中更好地合作，建立更紧密的协作关系。
尽管它需要教师付出更多的努力，但它却是一种有益的学习方法，可以帮助学生展示技能、扩展知识，并在遇到问题时能够找到更全面的解决方案。
英语论文分析学习第3节methodology
Abstract
Introduction
methodology
results
Discussion/conclusion
The contents of a research article or thesis
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Warming up question:
what kind of research methods do you use in your field.?
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General structure of the methods Section
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definition
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Quantitative the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques.
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Model analysis-Sentence1
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practice: read the 3 examples and decide what are the ways to introduce the Methodology? ways
文科的methodology样本
文科的methodology样本
首先，Methodology中文意思是方法论，顾名思义就是你写这篇毕业论文所运用的方法是什么，以及为什么用这样的方法，最后是怎么做。
最终目的就是为了让你的导师能够从你提供的数据或者信息中确认这篇论文的可靠性和有效性。
（1）. 描述你的研究方法
To determine whether … is work, I used the ….
为了确定......是否是工作，我使用了....
（2）. 论证你为什么选择这个方法/可以通过对比Po出优势
The reason why I choose this method is because it represents an innovative alternative to …, which is also the most popular approach to prove…
我之所以选择这种方法，是因为它代表了一种创新的替代方法去研究…,这也是最流行的方法来证明…
（3）. 描述你在研究中运用了哪些工具/软件
The instrument/ apparatus I used is …
我使用的仪器/设备是......。
The device set up in order to solve…
设置的装置是为了解决...
（4.）评估和证明（记得稍微提一下Limitation）
Although this is the most effective way to solve…, it undeniably has some limitations.。
科技论文 methodology 分析
Second, another difficulty arises with the passive when
you write about the procedure you used and compare it with the work of other researchers. One way to make sure that your own contribution is clear and easy to identify is by marking it with words —In this study, or In our experiments.
Try building the model of Methodology.
Model
1. Provide a general introduction and overview of the
materials/methods. Restate the purpose of the work Give the source of materials /equipment used Supply essential background information
In Sentence 1. the writer offers a general overview of
the subsection. In Sentence 2 the writer provides background information and justification. In Sentence 3 the writer provides an overview of the procedure/ method itself. In Sentence 4 the writer provides details about what was done and used and shows that care was taken.
methodology 模板
文章标题：深度解析方法论模板：从简到繁一、引言方法论是指在研究中所采用的研究方法和研究设计的基本原则和规范。
在科研、学术论文或者实践中，方法论的选择对于研究的成败至关重要。
本文将深度探讨方法论模板，帮助读者全面理解和灵活运用。
二、方法论模板的概念与意义方法论模板是指在进行学术研究或实践中，所采用的一种固定的研究方法和设计框架，用以指导研究的整个过程。
方法论模板的选择对于研究的深度和广度具有重要的影响。
一个合理的方法论模板可以有效地指导研究者进行全面、深入的研究，并确保研究的可靠性和可信度。
三、方法论模板的分类及应用1. 定性研究方法论模板在社会科学领域中，定性研究方法论模板被广泛应用。
通过对个案的深入分析和解释，揭示出事物的内在规律和现象的深层含义。
定性研究方法论模板侧重于研究对象的质性特征和内在结构，具有独特的研究价值。
2. 定量研究方法论模板定量研究方法论模板通过量化研究对象的特征和变量，利用统计学的方法进行分析和解释。
定量研究方法论模板侧重于研究对象的数量特征和变化规律，能够客观、准确地反映现象和问题。
3. 实证研究方法论模板实证研究方法论模板结合了定性和定量研究的特点，旨在通过实证数据和案例分析来验证研究假设和观点。
实证研究方法论模板具有综合性和系统性的优势，能够全面、深入地揭示研究对象的特征和规律。
四、方法论模板的实际应用与案例分析以社会科学领域为例，通过对不同国家文化背景下的领导力特点进行调查和分析，运用定性研究方法论模板，揭示出不同文化下领导力特点的内在规律。
结合定量研究方法论模板，通过量化分析各国领导力特点的差异和变化趋势。
通过实证研究方法论模板，验证和论证研究假设，得出科学的结论和结论。
五、方法论模板的个人观点与理解在我看来，方法论模板并非一成不变的模式，而是应根据具体研究对象和目的来灵活选择和应用。
方法论模板应结合实际情况和研究需求，在深度和广度的要求下，不断完善和优化。
只有在具体研究实践中不断总结经验和改进方法，才能取得更为可靠和丰富的研究成果。
英文文献的方法部分-Methodology
Sophie
Materials & Methods
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4.1 Introduction to Methodology Section
4.1.2 Why explain how you obtained your results? The method affects the results. There are different methods that we can use. The methods is consistent with accepted practice in the field of
• Give details and nothing more
Sentence 9: mentions a possible difficulty in the methodology.
• But how can I talk about problems in my work without looking like a
Sophie
Materials & Methods
study. The research methods must be appropriate to the objectives of the
study. The methodology should also discuss the problems and the ways
methodology
反向答题法
Q: Why are few artists wealthy?
A: Really? I thought all the artists are wealthy as far as I know. Oh no no no, hold on a sec, Vincent van Gogh, he was not wealthy all his life. I bet you must know him; everyone does. He is known as one of the greatest painters now but back in his time, when he was alive, nobody appreciated his work and he couldn’t sell one of the paintings, he was always starving. Now, his painting can be sold at a couple of millions easy. What a shame he only became famous years after his death.
抽象变具体法
Q1: Do you like bad news or good news? Q2: Is there much false information in news? Q3: Which do you think is better, to have ‘one man rule’ or to have rule by everybody? Q4: Who is usually the leader in a family in China? Q5: What can cause water pollution? Q6: What are the benefits for companies to give holidays to the employees?
steep方法
steep方法方法学（Methodology），是一种能使人们完成特定任务时，能够充分了解任务的技能，通常指用于表征、理解和描述复杂的学习和解决问题的方法、策略和过程。
它可以被用于开发支持和解决问题所需要的诊断工具。
可以说，方法学是学习成功和解决复杂问题的关键要素之一。
Steep（社会性、技术、经济、环境、政治）是一种做决策的层面，它将组织的范围从社会、技术、经济、环境和政治环境分解为五个独立的层次进行审查，以便在这五个层面进行可行的权衡。
Steep的思想诞生于1970年代的美国，主要用于集合知识和研究，在研究中，它显示了威胁和机会的关系。
自从它诞生以来， Steep 也被用来为投资、市场分析和指导管理决策提供参考。
Steep 是一个通用框架，可以帮助利益相关者更好地理解与其项目相关的体系结构和风险。
Steep 是一种多项分析工具，主要用于帮助企业决策，它可以用来帮助分析企业做出最佳决策。
Steep 重点考虑了社会、技术、经济、环境和政治这五个元素，因此，帮助企业更好地识别潜在的威胁和机会。
Steep 框架为企业领导人提供一个可继续制定明智决策的框架。
Steep 的基本原理及其应用均可提供充分的把握，它提供的主要步骤是：进行系统分析，综合分析市场环境因素和内部因素，分析每个层次的机会和威胁；在分析过程中要将市场环境因素和内部因素与核心价值观、战略目标和企业价值同步；在收集、整理和分析的过程中要追踪隐藏的情况；最后，要总结对决策形成的影响，并且确定相应的应对策略及行动计划。
Steep 方法学的优势在于理解复杂性和扩大视野，它提供了一个系统化、多维度不同层面的分析，能够快速把握事物之间的关系，明确市场环境、技术、经济、环境、政治等因素及其影响，并对目标制定了有效的策略，识别潜在的威胁及把握机遇，帮助企业领导和决策者有效地识别和处理相关问题，同时确保企业的核心价值观得到充分的体现。
在当今复杂多变的市场环境中，Steep 方法学把握机会和威胁是企业决策者有助于多角度理解、深入剖析复杂情况的有效工具之一，经过正确的应用，可以为企业长期发展提供良好的指导。
(完整)Methodology例文
3.1 IntroductionThe purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with an understanding of the methodology and relevant research approaches adopted in our research. In this chapter， we explain the research philosophy， approaches and strategies， and why the methodology has been adopted， at the same time, the constraints associated with data collection and the limitations to the work will also be discussed。
The research aim for this dissertation is to investigate the current human resource management practices of small and medium—sized enterprises (SMEs) in China。
Obtaining effective data and information is of vital concern to build an accurate picture of the issue being studied。
To a large extent, methodology determines the outcomes of any research。
Therefore， it is crucial to choose appropriate research methods and conduct them effectively in order to answer the research question and meet the research objectives well。
Methodology老外关于写作和科研的ppt讲案
• The main part of this section is a description of the procedural steps used in your study and the materials employed at each step. The elements included and the order in which they are presented are not fixed. However, the list in the following box is conventional and provides you with your good model.
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This section describes the steps you followed in conducting your study and the materials you used at each step.The method section is useful to readers who want to know how the methodology of your study may have influenced your results, or who are interested in replicating or extending your study.
(Description of location and its condition)
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A total of 76 blood samples were obtained
form 27 females and 21 males.
(Subjects)The samples were cooled ,
methodology 研究方法
As I examined the points the mass media overlook in the day to day occurrences I was naturally led to a self-examination concerning the "surveys" I am involved in. I perceive that because surveys have their outset in existing "knowledge" they always have "oversights". These oversights may be classified into two categories. The limits of our own "knowledge". The first [category] is our own posture on approaching the object, and the second one is the condition of the objectified object. The former is first divisible in three stages. (1) Unconditionally approving self-evident matters; (2) Reinvestigating a matter believed to be "indubitable", that is being aware of it as an object; (3) The stage where our investigation's methodic examination position questions the relationship between the object and us. Number (3) is further divided in steps starting from the non-distinction between self and other, through objectifying the other, to thinking of it as our own problem. The awareness of being involved changes one's ego from passive to active. As a sociological method the social survey has a temporal existence and therefore lives in history. The nature of the post self-awakening that begins to ask for meaning is not a spatial extension, the experience of spatially crossing the limits of the surroundings in which life is conducted, but a conscientization of the self in time. Reaching awareness of one's self-consciousness simultaneously changes the involved [me] from just being a third person bystander conducting a survey to being an agent/performer aware of being a full participant in life which also means becoming conscious of myself as a behavioral ego instead of just a passive one. The self-awareness as temporal existence is not an ignoring of the contradictions between the defined past and the undefined future; instead it connects to the action of grasping afresh [the meaning] from a new starting point that defines the present as having a certain breadth which actively produces a new whole containing the contradicting matters. Because they actively produce oversights the sources of social surveys become connected with sources of historical science. The surroundings, in the shapes of nature, society or culture, cease to be merely conditioning "knowledgized" matters. Instead they are now grasped as the subject, the social context in which individuals live and thus having meaning. The expansion of the inhabited world and the deepening of the conscientization are acting in concert wherefore the actual conditions are approached for the first time. By reviewing the oversights from this viewpoint they are getting meaning. The oversights made by historical science that stands in the premises taken for granted in today's systems need the assistance of the joint research on city-village relations. By taking the viewpoint of the victims of social discrimination-making it necessary to alter our vantage from one that only emphasizes the winner's strength to one that sees the strength of the undefeated-then for the first time a path of solution will be detected.Please Note This chapter should not be a ‘cut and paste’ copy of your educational enquiry assignment although material from this can be used where appropriate. However all strategies, methods etc that you discuss should be ones actually used in your particular development studyyou should:•Introduce some basic principles of research design•Provide a detailed research timetable to show organisation and forward planning together with contingency plans for any hold ups or problems•Explain carefully all research approaches , strategies and methods used in your study. Their features, characteristics and uses should be discussed supported by theory from your background reading.•Analyse and compare the strengths and weaknesses of each technique•Justify the selection and use of these techniques in the context of your study•Clearly explain why the strengths are important for your study but also suggest how you might compensate for the weaknesses or limitations of each particular methods•Discuss the steps you will take to ensure reliability and validity of your data and the measures used to minimise error, including the concept of ‘triangulation’.•Compare the advantages and dis- of collecting primary versus secondary data and the limitations of each, •Describe the target groups and sampling methods and explain the reasons for your choice•Describe any pilot studies you carried out and the outcomes•Outline the methods you intend to use to analyse your data, emphasising the differences between qualitative and quantitative data•Briefly mention any relevant ethical issues such as confidentiality, personal privacy, transparency etc. RESEARCH DESIGN Research Questions1.How do L2 listening test-takers interact with a video text? To what extent do they orientto the video monitor while the video text is playing?2.Is the test-takers’ orienting behavior affected by the type of text that is being played? Inother words, do the test-takers orient to the video monitor at a higher rate for a particular text type (academic lecture vs. dialogue)?3.Is the test-takers’ orienting behavior consistent throughout the test? In other words, dothe test-takers tend to orient to the video monitor at a lower or higher rate for thebeginning of the test than they do for the end of the test?ParticipantsThe participants for this study were 36 students enrolled in the Community English Program (CEP) language program at a major university in the Eastern United States. The CEP is an adult language program with students ranging in age from 18 to 68, and from numerous and diverse language, national, and cultural backgrounds. The courses at the CEP are not credit-bearing. There are classes at six different ability levels: Levels 1 through 6. The 36 participants in this study were from eight different CEP classes representing Levels 2 through 6 (because of the difficulty level of the test, Level 1 classes were not included in this study).MaterialsI created the video listening test instrument that was used here as part of a larger study investigating the use of video texts on test-taker performance. The test was developed based on an operationalization of Buck’s (2001) L2 listening ability construct, which includes the ability to listen for both explicitly-stated and implicitly-stated information, automatically and in real time. The test was developed for this population, and was piloted and revised a number of times. A more thorough account of the creation and validation of the test instrument is given in WagnerThe test consisted of six separate tasks that included three dialogue texts and three lecturette texts. All of the texts used an academic listening target language use domain. As used here, the term dialogue refers to a text consisting of two speakers in an interactive conversation. The dialogue texts used in this test involved two speakers discussing events that happened in their classes. In the first dialogue text, one speaker explains to the second person how he received a 'C' in his biology class. In the second dialogue text, the speaker relates an incident that happened in his class. In the third text, the speaker tells the second person about a group project he participated in. Each of the dialogue texts lasted from one and a half to three and a half minutes, and was followed by five or six comprehension items. These items were both limited-production and selected-response. The limited-production items required the participants to write short answers (SA) of 25 words or less. The selected-response items were multiple-choice (MC) with four response options.The term lecturette refers to a description or explanation of a subject delivered before an audience or a class for the purpose of instruction (an academic lecture, but less than five minutes in duration). A lecturette usually has one speaker with an academic speaking style and includes language primarily for transactional language purposes. The lecturette texts used in this study consisted of one speaker delivering a short lecture on history or biology subjects. Two pictures of the subjects were shown in each of the lecturettes. The first lecturette was about skunks, thesecond lecturette was about Wild Bill Hickok, and the third lecturette was about the Ivory-billed Woodpecker.3 Each of the lecturette texts lasted from three to four minutes, followed by eight items. Again, these items included both short answer and multiple-choice questions, with the multiple-choice items having four options.The research in the dissertation attempts to investigate factors to affect the understanding or use of verbal humor from pragmatic and cultural-linguistic perspectives. The first task of investigation is to collect the data for analyses. One of the best methods of gathering and analyzing the various data is questionnaires. Questionnaires are used to solve the problem of native language, the problem of language use which we attempt to understand among general people and the problem of linguistic competence and performance (Gui Shichun, Nin Chunyan, 1997:202). One great advantage of the type of data collection elicited through the use of carefully designed questionnaires both spoken and written is that questionnaires permit the researcher to control the specific variables of the situation and survey people’s knowledge or information, likes and dislikes, etc. Therefore, questionnaires are regarded as a good way for linguistic study.Furthermore, the research attempts to explore what factors will influence interpretation or understanding of verbal humor.3.1 Theoretical Consideration of Methodology for StudyMethodology is one of the most basic questions for any discipline dealing with human interactions. However, there are serious questions as to the best methods of gathering and analyzing the various data upon which the descriptions must rest. The questions of what constitutes data and how we treat data are fundamental to the entire project of explaining and describing the researches on humorous language, both from pragmatic and socio-linguistic viewpoints. No matter what else we do, we must remember that if data are inadequate, there is always the danger that the theory and the conclusions drawn from them are unreliable and misleading.In this paper, the author will first adopt the two approaches toward the gathering of data for pragmatic analysis on verbal humor: observation and elicitation. In the first category of observation, anthropologists try to collect data to describe speech behaviors of groups excluding themselves. However, ethnologists are not limited to the study of groups excluding themselves. Nowadays, both anthropologists and socio-linguists have increasingly been investigating speech behaviors of groups with themselves as members. This focus gives participant observation new meanings and can observe the understanding and use of verbal humor on the part of those being observed. The second category of elicitation may include all techniques in which subjects are aware that what they say is being studied by an investigator. This category includes the techniques of collecting linguistic data from different subjects during many months or even years of work sessions, and the techniques of eliciting data from numerous subjects in single interviews. Socio-linguistic data can be elicited through the use of carefully designed questionnaires, both spoken and written, or through the use of role-plays.3.2 Research GoalsThis dissertation aims at researching the understanding of verbal humor by considering individual variables from the pragmatic perspective and the sociolinguistic perspective, so the research tries to investigate (1) what factors affect the understanding or interpretation of humor in both English and Chinese; (2) how individual variability, social variability, situational variability and cultural variability influence the realization and interpretation of humorous language. After all, what is the sense of humor to general people? What is the sense of humor to any special people? What are differences of the sense of humor from different individuals? In everyday life, how often docommon people use language of humor? What kinds of people speak humorous language in daily face-to-face communication, usually, occasionally, seldom, scarcely or hardly? On the basis of these issues, the author establishes the aims of the study as follows:(1)to gather suitable and sufficient data to verify the following assumptions:Assumption 1: Age affects the understanding and realization of verbal humor.Assumption 2: Gender affects the understanding of verbal humor.Assumption 3: Education background affects the people’s understanding of verbal humor due to knowledge and social values.Assumption 4: Experiences and occupations affect the interpretation of verbal humor because of different temperaments and interests, and political opinions.Assumption 5: Linguistic factors influence the people’s ability to understand verbal humor in written and oral forms, in formal and informal ways.Assumption 6: Culture background such as nationality, custom and habit, mode of thinking results in the different understanding of verbal humor.(2) to get positive materials available for statistical and realistic analyses.3.3 Data CollectionIn order to achieve the above-mentioned goals, we need an empirical design that would allow us to account for individual variability, situational variability and register variability and cultural variability in the patterns of understanding verbal humor by employing the quantitative study. In order to ensure reliability and credibility of this study, the author has decided that the data be obtained by a multiple prescriptive test and then a follow-up interview be conducted.3.3.1 SubjectsIn all, 180 subjects have been chosen randomly from common people who have at least received middle-school education. 180 subjects, 90 are Chinese and 90 are Americans. 90 Chinese subjects and 90 American ones are both divided into three groups: 30 middle-school students aged from 12 to 18 as young group, 30 middle-aged subjects at the age of 20 to 55 as middle-aged group and 30 retired subjects over 60 years old as old-aged group. Moreover, the 30 middle-aged subjects and 30 old subjects are chosen to follow the tracks by interview on their characteristics and experience. 50% of the subjects are male and 50% female. 90 Chinese subjects from different walks of life are staying in Chizhou city as students, teachers, businesspersons, drivers, attendants, government employees, etc. 90 American subjects are staying in the city of Chicago or San Francisco also as students, teachers, businesspersons, drivers, attendants, government employees, etc. under the help of my friends and former classmates studying abroad on the Internet.3.3.2 Designing of QuestionnairesQuestionnaires as a common method of social investigation can be used to collect data for study, because first, questionnaires can create a sound template of the stereotypically perceived requirements for the understanding and use of humor language in the different groups studied. Secondly, the method enables the author of this paper to gather suitable data in a relatively short period of time. Thirdly, the method enables the author to get relevant information on the sense of humor from different groups of individuals. In order to acquire enough relatively reliable data for pragmatic analysis of verbal humor in understanding all kinds of humor, the author designs prescriptive multiple-choice questionnaires for the subjects from China and America to answer. In the course of the design, the author makes reference to “Linguistic Methodology” by Gui Shichun and Nin Chunyan,which is a wonderful book full of illuminating ideas on how to make a linguistic research.。
methodology 中的伦理道德
伦理道德是methodology 中一个十分重要的组成部分。
在任何研究活动中，研究人员都应该始终遵守伦理道德规范，以确保研究活动的公正性、公正性和透明度。
下面将从以下几个方面对methodology中的伦理道德进行探讨。
一、研究对象的尊重在进行研究活动时，研究人员应始终尊重研究对象的权利和尊严。
无论是人类研究对象还是动物研究对象，研究人员都应该尊重他们的自主权和权利，不得侵犯其生理和心理健康。
研究人员应该充分告知研究对象研究的目的、过程和可能带来的风险，征得其知情同意后方可进行研究活动。
二、数据的真实性和透明度在methodology 中，数据的真实性和透明度至关重要。
研究人员应该遵守数据采集的规范，不得篡改、伪造或隐瞒研究数据。
在数据分析和结果呈现过程中，研究人员也应该保持透明度，对数据的处理方法、分析过程和结果进行详细记录和解释，以便他人能够对研究结果进行复现和验证。
三、学术诚信和合作在methodology 中，学术诚信和合作精神也是至关重要的。
研究人员不应抄袭他人研究成果，也不应在研究中隐瞒他人的贡献。
在合作研究中，研究人员应该尊重合作者的权利和意见，平等对待合作伙伴，并共同遵守研究规范和伦理原则，共同完成研究活动。
四、研究经费和利益的管理在methodology 中，研究经费和利益的管理也是需要特别关注的部分。
研究人员应该遵守经费使用的规范，不得将经费用于非研究目的，不得违规接受他人的利益。
研究人员应当公正客观地对待研究中可能涉及的利益冲突问题，不因私利而影响研究的公正性和客观性。
五、社会责任和影响在methodology 中，研究人员也应该关注自身的社会责任和影响。
研究成果的发布应当遵守学术规范和伦理原则，不得夸大事实或歪曲研究结果，以获取不当的荣誉或利益。
研究人员还应该积极参与公益活动，将研究成果推广应用于社会实践，为社会发展做出积极贡献。
methodology 中的伦理道德是保障研究活动公正、公正、透明的重要保障。
methodology 研究方法
methodology 研究方法
研究方法（Methodology）是指在科学研究中使用的一套系统化的方法和技术，用于解决研究问题、收集和分析数据，并得出可靠的结论。
在具体的研究领域中，常用的研究方法可以包括以下几种：
1. 实证研究方法（Empirical Research）：通过收集和分析现实世界中的观察数据，以验证或推翻研究假设。
2. 实验研究方法（Experimental Research）：通过对某个或某些变量进行人为的控制和操作，观察和测量其他变量的变化，确定因果关系。
3. 调查研究方法（Survey Research）：通过设计问卷、面谈等方式，收集大量的数据，以了解人们在某个特定领域的观点、态度和行为。
4. 文献研究方法（Literature Review）：通过对已有文献、报告、研究成果等进行系统性的综合和分析，提出问题、总结现有研究成果、做出新的理论、观点或方法。
5. 实地观察研究方法（Field Research）：通过直接观察和参与现场活动，收集数据，并进行详细的观察和分析。
6. 定性研究方法（Qualitative Research）：主要关注人们的主观感受、经验和行为背后的意义，通过访谈、观察等方法收集
和分析定性数据。
7. 定量研究方法（Quantitative Research）：主要关注统计数据和数字，通过问卷调查、实验等方式收集大量数据，进行定量分析和统计。
以上仅是一些常见的研究方法，研究者可以根据具体研究问题和研究目的选择合适的研究方法，并结合实际情况进行混合使用，以便获得更全面和准确的研究结果。
英国毕业论文methodology怎么写
英国毕业论文methodology怎么写又到了一年的毕业季，毕业论文写作是很多同学学习生涯的一次意义重大的考验。
不仅需要扎实的专业知识，熟练的数据分析能力，还需要一个非常合适的research question作为切入点。
毕业论文可以说从literature review，methodology到data collection，data analysis的每一个重要的环节都是一道坎。
Literature review文献要新颖，结构要明确，层次要严谨，内容不能太泛。
毕业论文Methodology方法要正确，data 要显著，分析要到位等等。
这些工作繁重，难度又大的任务往往另学生头疼不已。
在这里，Essayphd团队详细讲解一下英国毕业论文methodology该怎么写。
毕业论文每个国家的标准不尽相同，英国是对毕业论文要求非常严格的国家。
其毕业论文有一套固定的格式需要按照那个格式来写。
（干货，请做好笔记）Methodology中文意思是方法论，顾名思义就是你写这篇毕业论文所运用的方法是什么，以及为什么用这样的方法，最后是怎么做。
既然是方法论，那就涉及到哲学的部分。
所以英国毕业论文methodology写作第一步就是要确定你的研究哲学理论基础也即phylosophy。
Phylosophy又分为3中，第一种positivism也就是实证主义。
既然是实证主义一般就是事实说话，用严谨的数据分析来验证某一项结论或者假设。
Positivism一般用于自然科学例如商科等毕业论文写作。
需要用到定量分析，这种情况就是要收集数据做data analysis了。
而数据又可以分为primary data 和 secondary data。
看看你要做的课题的具体情况是需要自己去收集一手数据（例如问卷调查等等）还是二手数据（例如公司年报，股票证券数据等等）去做数据分析。
第二种phylosophy是interpretivism也即解释主义。
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MethodologyThis research included a qualitative interview as the main prime data collection instrument.Interviews can be used for variety kinds of purposes. It can be used as an effective primary data gathering method. This dissertation will adopt the semi-structured interviews as a tool. These interviews are often used in policy research. During the semi-structured interviewing, a guide which covers the questions and topics must be included. The data from this kind of interview will be presented in a conversational style. This method also employed when the researcher wants to collect deeply information and understand thoroughly the answers provided (Harrell, et al 2009). This interview lasts about 1 hour with a debriefing session at the end of the interview. Besides, the conversations also are recorded on a laptop.For any of a research, an important part is determining the sample. In generally, if the questions of the research are appropriate, the ideal research effort would be randomly sample (Harrell, et al 2009)For the sampling strategy, the industrial company provides me with a list of people who are admitting to participants in this interview. It also comes up with several places that the interview will take up. There are 20 accountants in this company and only 13 of them are willing to be interviewed, the rest of them are cancelled because of the work. Thus, the overall sample size for the study was 13 people, which represents the main weaknesses of the small scale study. This sample has implications for the generalisability of the study and it can not represent the overall situations of the industry, it can be indicative only.Semi-structured interview involves lots of open-ended questions according to the relevant topics. This kind of method provides more opportunities for both interviewers and interviewee to discuss topics in detail. If the interviewee has some difficulties to answer a certain question or just provide a brief response, the interviewers can encourage the interviewees to consider the question further. In a semi-structured interview, the interviewer also has the freedom to investigate more based on the original response. Semi-structured interviews are especially useful when the scale of collecting information is pretty large. The main reasons that using the interviews is little knowledge are known in a certain field. However, the analyzing of the interview data from open questions are more complicated than other forms of questions, such as closed questions. Besides, rigorous preparation and well prepared is the guarantee of the conducting of semi-structured interview. Last but not the least, the development of the interview schedule, conducting the interview and analyzing the interview data are all needs to be careful consideration and preparation.It is also important to obtaining the agreement of respondents for the study. In most cases, the agreement should be obtained in the form of writing. The interviewer has the obligation to explaining the importance of the study. Besides, the written invitation on letter headed paper which used to explain the purpose can enhance the credibility of the study and increase the response rates. However, such invitation should be guarantee the voluntary of participation. The interviewer should reassure the respondent of their confidentiality and anonymity and inform them that their identities will not be revealed in the final findings (Mathers, 2002).There are some different types of questions. In general, descriptive questions require respondents to describe things and also ask people give some insight suggestions for areas that researchers are not considered. On the contrast, structured questions can help researchers have a better understanding towards relationship between things and categorize groups of like things.Before choose the suitable tools of questions, it is important to determine which types of answers would the respondents going to collect. For example, descriptive questions are emphasis in narrative. Researchers want the respondents to answer with a narrative, which would be time consuming. There are five types of descriptive questions. The grand tour questions is a good type, it encourages respondents express their own ideas. This kind of questions may be easier than other types of questions; it may include some multiple small questions or repeated phrases. Example questions ask for a certain example.There are some basic issues should be taken into considerations when writing the questions. Doubled-barreled questions usually have questions that are made up of two different questions, which may have different answers. This kind of questions usually is hard for respondents to answering. Respondents may likely to answer some parts of questions, or to provide a ambiguous answers. It is best to ensure that each question is asked independently. Leading questions encourages respondents to answer questions in a certain way. This kind of questions has implications which are wrong or right answers. Last but not the least; questions should use neutral language in order to prevent biasing the responses.Probing is an effective way to stimulate the interview. In semi-structured interview, the interviewer is sometimes asked to follow up on an issue if the topic does not come up in the respondent’s response to the initial question. In deciding whether or not to use probes, interviews always need to listen very attentively to the respondent’s answer in order to determine whether the answer the answer is clear and complete. Interviewers should be familiar with the purpose of the question to know whether the answers are sufficient. Protocols allow the researchers to structure the interview. Protocols also begin with an introduction. The researchers generally introduce themselves and the purpose of the research and the reasons that the respondents have been asked to participate in the interview. Next, the interview needs to introduce some basic rules, which includes the length of time of the interview, any assurances the researcher has to safeguard information. The researchers should also think carefully about how much time can be allocated to the interview and how many questions can be covered in that time. Finally, at the end of the interview, the researcher should take some time to thank the respondent and indicate the following steps in the process.There are many factors that will influence how to contact the interview respondents. For those research that take place within the workplace. May of these access issues is much easier. If the researchers do not have a professional relationship with the respondents, there may be much more challenges.There exits some barriers in the respondent’s mind that should be overcome. The researchers should take the initiative to address those concerns. Besides, knowing how to address these concerns will help to reduce the rate of refusals. When some respondents express little interest in the topic, the interviews should try to make respondents know the interests about the topic. Besides, respondents can also remind respondents that this interview can provide them with opportunity to express their individual opinions on a certain topic. If some respondents are too busy to attend the interview, the researcher should let respondents know the exactly length of time of the interview, offer alternative days or times, or consider whether it is possible to break the interviews into several pieces. If the respondents are concerned about issues of confidentiality, then the interviewers should reiterate the protections the project can offer and teach them how the data will be presented (Harrell, et al, 2009).The next stage is handing the interview data. If the method of study is semi-structured interview, the best method to analyze the data is by using qualitative methods. The basic stage is to check all the transcripts of the interview. It is make the data analysis more difficult if only the taps. Using transcripts means you have chance to touch the detained information in the interviews, including information that might be forgotten. Besides, it should be left sufficient time to get the tapes transcribed. This process can be consumed lots of time.Once all the transcripts are collected together, the content analysis can be carried out. This process needs some systematic way to identify the concepts which arise in the interviews. it is also important to summarize these concepts into common themes . When carrying out this process of content analysis in a systematic way, you need to read through carefully with each the transcript and make some notes in the margin of the concepts or points of interest.In order to identify the common themes, some systematic methods can be used. Write the name of the theme in the margin of the text, then divides the text into several parts according to the common themes and categories. Second method is to highlighting the common themes with different colors of pens. No matter what methods are adopted, the final aim is to identify the concepts which presented in the data. Once the possible concepts are exhausted, then interviewers should find some same concepts which reoccurring among different respondents. if the interviewers notice the differences between respondents, the interviewers should find the reasons behind the situation. Finally, there may be exits a certain relationship between some of the concepts, which can be developed as common themes. Carrying the qualitative data analysis is an ongoing dynamic process. The categories and themes that summarized from the data may not pre-set by the researchers. They should emerge from the data as issues and ideas, which are important and relevant to the respondents. There also an effective way to ensure validate the of the data analysis. Asking the respondents to look at the process of data analysis and ask them whether it is true representation of what they said and believe ( Mathers, et al, 2002).The total participants are 4 accountants form different department of the company and one CEO in finance department in the industrial company in china. As what discusses above, there are several departments in the company, each departments has its own accountants. This company has finance department, research and development center, purchasing department, production department, warehousing department and sales department.。