听力第30篇和第14篇
听说教程1Unit14Advertising听力原文答案注释
Unit 14 AdvertisingPart ACommunicative Function Agreement or Disagreement1. a. Agree b. Disagree2. a. Agree b. Disagree3. a. Agree b. Disagree4. a. Agree b. Disagree5. a. Agree b. Disagree6. a. Agree b. Disagree7. a. Agree b. Disagree8. a. Agree b. DisagreeScript1. --Do you think we should put an ad in the newspaper to sell our apartment?--Sure, why not?2. --Campus Daily isn't very interesting this week.--You can say that again.3. --I hear putting an ad in a newspaper costs a lot of money.--It depends.4. --In my opinion watching so many TV ads is a waste of time.--I couldn't agree with you less.5. --You don't care for commercials on TV, do you?--I'll say I don't.6. --Didn't you think the movie we saw last night was fascinating?--I wouldn't say that.7. --There'll be a football match between England and France on Channel 10 tonight.--Are you absolutely sure?8. --The design of the movie ads appeals to me very much.--You said it.NotesWe can express disagreement either directly or indirectly. You disagree directly when you are sure of the fact or when you think your opinion is more reasonable. Otherwise indirect disagreement often sounds more polite. "Are you absolutely sure?" and "I wonder if there's a mistake" are examples of showing disagreement indirectly.Listening StrategyDistinguishing Signal WordsWords like "but", "although" and "however" give a signal that the speaker (or writer) is going to say something different from what has been said. On the other hand, words like "and", "besides" and "also" only add something similar to what has been said. The ability to recognize these signal words while listening is a great help in understanding a text correctly.Listen to the short conversations and choose the right answers to the questions you hear.1. a. Yes b. No2. a. Yes b. No3. a. Yes b. No4. a. Yes b. No5. a. Yes b. No6. a. Yes b. No7. a. Yes b. No8. a. Yes b. NoScript1. --How do you like our campus, John?--Well, it's very large but it's not clean enough.Q: Does John have a favorable opinion of the campus?2. --How do you like your English teacher, Li Ming?--She's very strict and her classes are always well-organized. Besides, she often givesup her free time for her students.Q: Does Li Ming like her English teacher?3. --How did you enjoy your vacation, Jack?--Although it was short, I visited many museums and art galleries.Q: Did Jack enjoy his vacation?4. --Michael, everybody says Professor Fall is a boring teacher. What do you think?--Everyone falls asleep in his class. And he's hard to talk to.Q: Is Professor Fall popular among his students?5. --What's your impression of New York, Barbara?--I really like the stores and the museums appeal to me, too.Q: Does Barbara like New York very much?6. --Do you like living on campus?--I think so. But sometimes the dorm is so noisy that I can't get anything done.Q: Does the woman have a completely favorable opinion of living on campus? 7. --Do you think you will major in medicine, Mary?--I think being a doctor means a lot of study and then working all sorts of hours.Q: Does Mary want to major in medicine?8. --How do you like living with your roommates?--Well, sometimes it's hard to share a room with others but you get along with yourroommates by compromising.Q: Does the woman get along with her roommates?Part BListening TasksScriptPlacing an Ad(Ring …Ring … Sound of phone being picked up)John: Hello, Campus Daily, advertising department. This is John speaking.Maggie: Hi. I'm calling to place a couple of ads.J ohn: Sure. Under what classification?Maggie: Well, I'd like one in the "Roommates Wanted" section.J ohn: All right. And how would you like your ad to read?Maggie: It should read "Female roommate wanted for pleasant, sunny two-bedroom apartment on Fifth Avenue, three blocks from campus. Share rent and utilities. AvailableSeptember first. Call between 5 and 9 p.m. and ask for Maggie."John: Fine. And what about your other ad?Maggie: That one I'd like under "Merchandise for Sale", and I'd like it to read "Matching blue sofa and easy chair for sale, excellent condition, $350 or best offer. Call between 5 and9 p.m. and ask for Maggie." Did you get all that?J ohn: Uh, huh. You'll want your phone number on these, right?Maggie: Oh sure. Thanks for reminding me. It's 555-6792.John: And how long do you want these ads to run?Maggie: For a week, I guess. How much would that be?John: Let's see—it's $8 a week per line. Your two ads will both take up three lines, so that's $24 per ad.Maggie: All right.Language and Culture Notes1.Background information University and college students often run their own newspapers to keep the university community informed of what happens on campus. They cover major school events, notices issued by the school authorities, sports and entertainment news, and articles written by students to air different viewpoints. A special column called "classifieds", or "classified ads", is devoted to advertisements for jobs, accommodation news, sale of used things -- books, furniture, cars, etc.—under such headings as "Help Wanted", "Services", "Furniture for Sale", "Roommates Wanted", "Miscellaneous". To place an ad, one can call the advertising department of the paper to arrange it and pay a small fee. For example, a student-run paper at an American university in New York charges the following advertising rates: 8 dollars for the first 20 words, 25 cents for each individual word and 50 cents for a box.2. Campus Daily Name of a school newspaper3. How would you like your ad to read?What words would you like to put in your advertisement?4. Roommates Wanted A type of classified advertisement. You place your ad in this column in order to find others to share your apartment.5. utilities Supplies of water, gas, electricity and sometimes, telephone.6. Available September first. The earliest date for the roommate to move in will be September 1st.7. Matching blue sofa and easy chair The sofa and easy chair are of the same design and color8. ... or best offer Or highest price offered by a potential buyer9.it's $8 a week per line It costs $8 for one line to run /appear a week in the paper.Exercise 1: Listening for general understandingListen to the recording once and choose the right answers to the questions you hear.1. Who are the two speakers in the telephone conversation?a. A newspaperman and a reader.b. An advertising agent and a client.c. A real estate agent and a tenant.d. A shop assistant and a customer.2. What is Maggie doing in the conversation?a. She is applying to work for a newspaper.b. She is trying to sell her apartment through a local newspaper.c. She is running the ads column of a campus newspaper.d. She is having two ads run in a school newspaper.3. What can you infer about Maggie?a. She will graduate soon.b. She feels lonely living in an apartment all by herself.c. She will move out of a two-bedroom apartment.d. She might be unable to afford a two-bedroom apartment alone.Exercise 2: Listening for detailsListen to the recording once again and fill in the blanks with the missing information.Part CAdditional ListeningA Passage Different Kinds of AdvertisingListen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the missing information.ScriptDifferent Kinds of AdvertisingAdvertising is an important part of marketing. V ery few companies are able to sell a product without advertising. It is possible, but very unlikely. There are many different kinds of advertising. The simplest is called promotion. Promotion is using brochures or pamphlets to advertise. Theses can be handed to people on the street or they can be mailed. If they are mailed, it is called direct mail advertising. After direct mail advertising, there are: newspaper advertising, radio advertising, magazine advertising and television advertising. Newspaper advertising is the cheapest kind, while television is the most expensive.Television ads are generally used by large companies selling a product to a large market segment. Television advertising can be very successful because it reaches such a large audience. Small companies may find television advertising too expensive, so they often use newspapers to advertise. However, large companies also like newspapers because of their wide circulation.Part DTest Your ListeningA Compound DictationListen to the passage three times and supply the missing information.Advertising is an important part of the free enterprise 1) system. This is because different businesses are 2) competing for the same market. For this reason, they buy advertising 3) space in newspapers or magazines and advertising time on radio or TV. They each hope that advertisements will increase 4) demand for their products.In order to do well in the market, advertisers need to decide on a target; in other words, who are possible 5) buyers for their product? For example, what is the age and sex of their target group? How much education do they have? What are their political 6) beliefs and values? How much money do they make? Some companies such as McDonald’s target various groups, so they have many different ads—one for 7) teenagers, one for families and several in different languages.8) After advertisers decide on who, they need to determine where. What is a good place for their advertisement? Sellers of toys often advertise during children’s TV programs on Saturday morning. Sellers of expensive clothing advertise in V ogue and other fashion magazines.9) Advertisers also need to think about people’s motivation—their reasons for buying something. What makes people buy one product but not another? There are many possible reasons: health, profit, love, entertainment, etc. A study of advertising can also be a study of psychology. 10) When we think about the products that people buy, we learn about their needs, wants, fears, and values.。
2025年中考语文总复习文言文阅读4寓言故事(传说)类第30篇穿井得一人
• C.疾耕则家富/家富1 则2 市3 得4 良犬/于是猎兽之获/
• 2.参考表格中的方法提示，解释下列加点词语
。加(点3分词语)
方法提示
解释(填写文字)
君宜致力于
·
耕作
查阅词典。宜：①合适；② 应该；③似乎，大概[《古 (1)宜：_应__该___ 代汉语词典》(第2版)]
什么这么说？”那人不回答。猎人自己思考，该不会是需要努力耕
作获得了钱之后买好狗吧？于是他就回家奋力耕田。奋力耕田家里
就富了，家里富了就(有钱)买来好狗，有了好狗打猎的收获，就常
常超过别人。不只是打猎如此，许多事情也都是这样。
• 1.下列对选文中画波浪线部分的断句，正C 确的 一项是( )(3分)
• A.疾耕则家富/家富则市得/良犬于是猎兽之获/ 常过人矣
文言文阅读 四、寓言故事(传说) 类
第30篇 穿井得一人
• [2024长沙期末改编]穿井得一人(类文练 习)
• 齐人有好猎者，旷日持久，而不得兽。入 则羞其家室，出则愧对其知友州里。惟所以不 得之故，则狗恶· 也。欲得良狗，则家贫无以。
· 人曰：“君宜致力于耕作。”猎者· 曰：“何为 ？”人不对。猎者自思，得无①欲致力于耕作 有获而后市良犬乎？于是退而疾耕②。疾耕则
注释家：富①家得无富：则表市推测得，良该犬不会于。是②猎疾耕兽：之奋获力耕常田过。人矣。
•
齐国有个爱好打猎的人，花费了很长时间，却没有猎到野兽。(
他觉得)回家愧对自己的家人，在外愧对自己的好友乡邻。(他)思考
打不到猎物的原因，是狗不好。他想得到一条好狗，但家里太贫穷
无法办到。有人对他说：“你应该努力耕田劳作。”猎人说：“为
新东方英语背诵美文第30篇
YouthYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing appetite for wh at’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart, there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from man and from the infinite, so long as you are young.When your aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you’ve grown old, even at 20; but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there’s hope you may die young at 80.译文：青春青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。
2015英语专业四级考试听写模拟试题第21-30篇
第21篇BalloonsBalloons have been used for sport for about 100 years. There are two kinds of sport balloons, gas and hot-air. Hot-air balloons are safer than gas balloons, which may catch fire. Hot-air balloons are preferred by most balloonists in the United States because of their safty. They are also cheaper and easier to manage than gas balloons. Despite the ease of operating a balloon, pilots must watch the weather carefully. Sport balloon flights are best early in the morning or late in the afternoon when the wind is late. Over the years, balloonists have tried unsuccessfully to cross the Atlantic. It wasn't untill 1978 that three American balloonists succeeded.It took them just 6 days to make the trip, from their homes in the United States to Paris, France. Their voyage captured the imagination of the whole world.Useful words and expressions:balloon：气球hot-air：热空气balloonist：气球驾驶者[键入文字]第22篇You found a job, now how do you save moneySaving your hard-earned money can be difficult. As most of us enjoy spending rather than saving, I certainly had a tough time holding on to my money every payday. When I got my first few pay checks, right away I spend the cold hard cash I'd earned by hard work. But I quickly realized that this sort of spending wouldn't really help me get the things I wanted. So I made a pact with myself. I promise that before I did anything with the money, I would deposit at least 50% of the money into my savings account. That way, I eliminated the temptation to spend that money. After I got used to saving my money, it was much easier for me not to be tempted to buy things when I saw them. When I saw a CD, or vedio game that looked appealing,I learn to ask myself,"Do I really need this?" Asking this question helped me appreciate my money, and not let it slip out of my wallet quite so fast.Useful words and expressions:payday：n.发薪日pact：n.协定，条约deposit：v.存款eliminate：v.消除，排除temptation：n.诱惑be tempted to ：受诱惑做...peeling：退层slip out ：溜走wallet：钱包，皮夹[键入文字]第23篇The Influence of LifeIn the early times when human beings hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as the other lower animals did.When they learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel, they cut down trees. They also burned clearings in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that human beings fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as setting up families, forming societies and founding cities.Useful words and Expressions:1. interact with 与……组合2. clearing 空旷地3. grazing 放牧，牧草4. domestication 驯养，驯服5. previously 先前，以前6. inedible 不能吃的，不适于食用的7. pursuit 追击8. set up 设立[键入文字]第24篇Our ConcernThe history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth's vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Only in the present century has one species of man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.The rapidity of change follows the pace of man rather than the pace of nature. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man's tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the creations of man's inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.We have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals into the hands of persons largely ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. We have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern.Useful Words and Expressions:1. interaction 交互作用，交感2. vegetation 植被3. mold 塑造，浇铸4. species 种类5. unnatural 不自然的6. tamper with 损害，影响7. counterpart 配对物8. poisonous 有毒的9. potent 有力的，有效的10. consent 同意，赞成[键入文字]第25篇Study Finds More Trees on Farms Than Was ThougtFarmers, especially in developing countries, are often criticized for cutting down forests. But a new study suggests that many farmers recognize the value in keeping trees.Researchers using satellite images found at least ten percent tree cover on more than one billion hectares of farmland. That is almost half the farmland in the world. Earlier estimates were much lower but incomplete. The authors of the new study say it may still underestimate the true extent worldwide.The study found that climate conditions alone could not explain the amount of tree cover in different areas. Nor could the size of nearby populations, meaning people and trees can live together.There are areas with few trees but also few people, and areas with many trees and many people. The findings suggest that things like land rights, markets or government policies can influence tree planting and protection.useful words and phrases:tree cover 林木植被，森林覆盖率hectare 公顷estimate 估计estimate the cost of估计……的成本at a rough estimate 据粗略估计by estimate照估计[键入文字]第26篇Death Valley: A Beautiful but Dangerous PlaceDeath Valley is a land of beautiful but dangerous extremes. There are mountains that reach more than three thousand meters into the sky. There is a place called Badwater that is the lowest area of land in the Western Hemisphere. If there were water there, it would be eighty-six meters below the level of the ocean.Death Valley can be dangerously cold during the winter months. Storms in the mountains can produce sudden flooding on the floor of the Valley.The extreme heat in summer has killed people in the past. It will continue to kill those who do not honor this extreme climate. Death Valley does not forgive those who are not careful.It is a good example of the violence of nature.However,it would be wrong to think that nothing lives there. The Valley is full of life.Wild flowers grow very quickly after a little rain. Birds, snakes and other animals always enjoy their stay.useful words and phrases:hemisphere 半球the Eastern Hemisphere 东半球the Western Hemispherea hemisphere of science and technology 科技领域honor 尊敬graduate with honors以优等成绩毕业honor a check 兑现支票a store that honors all credit cards接受所有信用卡的商店[键入文字]第27篇Going Digital：California' Textbook ProjectCalifornia approves traditional textbooks in six-year cycles. Digital ones can offer the latest information. They lighten the load of school bags. They save paper and trees, and make learning more fun and interactive. And lastly they help schools with their finances.The state has had to make severe cuts in school spending because of deep financial problems. More than six million students attend California public schools.Earlier this year, California invited content developers to offer digital math and science materials for high schools. These had to meet at least ninety percent of the state's learning requirements. Specially trained teachers examined sixteen textbooks and approved ten of them.School administrators point out that the texts may be free online, but students need a way to access them. Not everyone has a computer or electronic reader. Schools could print out copies, but that would not help the environment. Also, there is the cost to train teachers to use digital textbooks effectively.useful words and phrases:approve同意，许可approve of the decision 赞成这个决定cycle 循环，周期business/trade cycle 商业盛衰的循环a vicious cycle恶性循环lighten 减轻interactive 相互作用的，相互影响的finance财源，资产severe 剧烈的，严重的，朴素的severe pain 剧痛administrator 管理员，负责人access接近，利用，进网[键入文字]第28篇LeadA new study shows that lead-based paint remains a worldwide threat to public health. Paint containing lead is a major cause of lead poisoning in children.The heavy metal enters the body when children breathe the paint dust or fumes in the air. Or when babies put their mouth on painted surfaces or swallow pieces of paint.Lead can damage the brain and the nervous system. It can decrease intelligence, create behavior problems and slow a child's growth.Researchers tested new household paints from twelve countries in Africa, Asia and South America. The paints were sold under different brand names. The study found that almost three-fourths of the brands had dangerously high levels of lead.The professor says high quality paint can be produced without lead. He and his team are calling for a worldwide ban on lead-based paint. He says many parts of the world are doing too little to correct the problem of lead poisoning in children. He notes that research has found no safe level of lead.useful words and phrases:lead 铅fumes气味，气体household 家庭的household appliances家用电器become a household name成为家喻户晓的名字household affairs家务事household cavalry/troops 御林军ban 禁令[键入文字]第29篇Teacher-studentThe relationship between a teacher and a student can be either good or bad, helpful or harmful. Either way, the relationship can affect the student for the rest of his life. / A good teacher-student relationship will make the teacher’s job worthw hile. A bad relationship can discourage the student from learning and make teaching an unpleasant task. In order to have a good teacher-student relationship, respect between teacher and student is very important. If the teacher is too strict, he frightens the student. If the teacher is too friendly, the student may become lazy and stop learning hard. The teacher’s attitude and approach should be in between those two extremes. As for the student, his proper respect to the teacher must be shown all the time. / He should be eager to learn and willing to work hard. In conclusion, a good teacher-student relationship can be beneficial to both. The student absorbs knowledge eagerly and enjoyable, and the teacher gains satisfaction from his work. (163 words)Useful words and expressions:discourage:vt. 使气馁[键入文字]第30篇EasterEaster is a festival that celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ. A Sunday between March 22 and April 25 is called Easter Sunday. People eat some cakes during this festival. They also give colorful eggs to each other. It is said that the Earth came from an egg. In England, people write messages and dates on their eggs and give them to friends or loved ones.A rabbit called the Easter Bunny visits children on Easter Sunday. He often leaves some candy and eggs. So on Easter Sunday morning, children always get up early to find these candy and eggs all around the house. In fact, it is their parents who buy them candy and hide their eggs.The story of the Easter Bunny’s visit comes from Germany. The story goes that a poor woman hid eggs for her children to find. At the moment they found them,they looked up to see a big rabbit running away.Useful words and expressions:Easter复活节Resurrection 复活，复兴Jesus Christ 耶稣基督[键入文字]。
2019高考30篇必背英语作文范文精选
2019高考30篇必背英语作文范文精选第一篇：【写作要求】现在我们周围的环境污染越来越严重。
作为一个中学生，我们应节约资源，保护环境，从我们身边的小事做起，做一个“低碳生活”的中学生。
请以“My Low--carbon Life”为题，写一篇短文描述自己的“低碳生活”。
内容包括：1.地球的污染越来越严重，我们能看到森林被砍伐、水污染和空气污染。
2.你是怎样从身边小事做起，做到“低碳生活”的。
如：每天步行上学、离开教室及时关灯和电扇、充分利用纸张、节约用水等。
3.号召更多的人加入到“低碳生活”中来。
作文要求：1.不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名。
2.语句连贯，词数80个左右。
作文的题目已经给出，不计入总词数。
My Low--carbon LifeThe environmental pollution is worse and worsetoday.【优秀满分范文】My Low-carbon LifeThe environmental pollution is worse and worsetoday. Many trees are cut down, and water and air are polluted. As a student Itry to have a low-carbon life to save energy and reduce pollution. Firstly, I often walk to school. It can reduceair pollution. Secondly, I always turn off the lights and fans when leaving theclassroom. Thirdly, I always make full use of paper and other school things andnever waste water.I wish more students to join me and make theearth more and more beautiful.【写作要求】每当朋友之间即将分手的时候，耳边常常会响起这首歌“朋友啊朋友!你可曾想起了我，如果你正享受幸福，请你忘记我……”。
航英语听力与会话朗读30篇音标版
朗读30篇注音标版Passage 1Ladies and gentlemen. This is your captain speaking. I have the pleasure ['pleʒə] in informing [in'fɔ:miŋ] you that all safety equipment is in full working order. The bow and stern doors are closed and secured [si'kjuəd]. The vessel is in all aspects ['æspekts] ready for sea. Please listen carefully to the safety instructions[in'strʌkʃənz] which follow. In the unlikely [,ʌn'laikli] event of emergency [i'mə:dʒənsi], please obey [əu'bei] the orders given on the public address [ə'dres] system. Passengers are requested[ri'kwestid]to read all notes and leaflets['li:flits] concerning[kən'sə:niŋ] safety regulations[,reɡju'leiʃən z]. All regulations concerning the vessel‟s routine[ru:'ti:n]have to be obeyed[əu'beid]. Safety regulations do not permit[pə'mit] passengers['pæsindʒəz] to enter the following spaces:--navigating room;--engine room;--maneuvering [mə'nu:vəriŋ] areas at the front and back end of the vessel;--cargo rooms and compartments[kəm'pɑ:tmənt s];--service ['sə:vis] rooms;--all areas and spaces marked “crew only”;--all closed, sealed[si:ld] or roped off areas, spaces and rooms;--car decks when the vessel is at sea.Passage 2International regulations[,reɡju'leiʃən z] require [ri'kwaiə] all passengers['pæsindʒəz]be assembled[ə'sembld] in a drill which has to take place within 24 hours of departure [di'pɑ:tʃə]. A drill will be held to familiarize [fæ'miljəraiz] passengers with their assembly [ə'sembli]stations, with their life-saving equipment and with emergency procedures[prə'si:dʒəz]. All passengers must attend [ə'tend] this drill. In case [keis] of emergency [i'mə:dʒənsi], seven short blasts [blɑ:sts] and one prolonged [prəu'lɔŋd] blast will be given with the ship‟s whistle ['hwisl] and alarm system. Passengers will be taught how to act and behave [bi'heiv] in case of emergency.Passage 3Always remember that fire is the greatest hazard ['hæzəd] aboard ship. Always act immediately [i'mi:diətli] if you detect [di'tekt] fire or smell fumes[fju:mz] or smoke. Always inform a member of the crew if you detect [di'tekt] fire or smell fumes[fju:mz] or smoke. Be careful to extinguish cigarettes[,siɡə'ret s]completely[kəm'pli:tli]. Put used cigarettes[,siɡə'ret s]in a container provided. Never smoke in bed. Never smoke on deck except in areas labeled ['leibld]as smoking areas. Never throw a cigarette[,siɡə'ret] overboard. The use of naked ['neikid] light and open fire is strictly ['striktli] prohibited [prəu'hibitid]. Never use an electric [i'lektrik] iron ['aiən] in a cabin ['kæbin]. If you need to iron something, use the ironing ['aiəniŋ] room on the third deck. The key may be collected at the information desk.Passage 4Attention [ə'tenʃən] please! Attention please! This is your captain with an important announcement[ə'naunsmənt]. I repeat[ri'pi:t], this is your captain with an important announcement. We have a minor ['mainə] flooding in the engine room. There is no immediate immediate danger to our passengers or the ship and there is no reason to be alarmed. For safety reasons, we request all passengers to go to their assembly[ə'sembli]stations on deck and wait there for further['fə:ðə] instructions[in'strʌkʃənz]. Please follow the instructions[in'strʌkʃənz]given by the officers and crew. The damage control team is fighting the flooding. We also have radio contact ['kɔntækt, kən'tækt] with radio coast stations. As soon as I have further information, I will make another announcement. I ask you kindly to remain calm [kɑ:m]. There is no danger at thistime.Passage 5When the general emergency [i'mə:dʒənsi] alarm is sounded, which consists[kən'sists] of seven short blasts [blɑ:sts] and one prolonged[prəu'lɔŋd]blast, all passengers['pæsindʒəz]have to go to their assembly[ə'sembli]station. Take your lifejackets['laifdʒækits] and blankets['blæŋkit s] with you. Lifejackets['laifdʒækits] are stored [stɔ:d] in your cabins ['kæbinz] under your beds and at your assembly [ə'sembli] stations. You are encouraged [in'kʌridʒd] to try on your lifejackets. All passengers must put on warm clothing ['kləuðiŋ]; long trousers['trauzəz], long-sleeved [sli:vd] shirts or jackets['dʒækits], strong shoes and head covering['kʌvəriŋ]. All passengers['pæsindʒəz]with their lifejackets['laifdʒækit]and blankets['blæŋkit s]are requested [ri'kwestid] to go to their assembly [ə'sembli] stations immediately [i'mi:diətli]. From your assembly[ə'sembli] stations you will be escorted['eskɔ:tid, i'skɔ:tid] to your lifeboats. All passengers are requested to carefully study the safety instructions behind their cabin doors. All passengers are requested[ri'kwestid] to follow the escape [i'skeip] routes[ru:ts] shown. Do not use lifts.Passage 6Last year there were 63 incidents['insidənts] at sea. This included[in'klu:did] 10 spills, 2 of which resulted[ri'zʌltid] in pollution[pə:'lju:ʃən]. Fourteen vessels grounded and 6 vessels collided[kə'laidid] in bad weather conditions. There were 20 reports of personal ['pə:sənl]injury ['indʒəri]. These injuries ['indʒəriz]usually occurred[ə'kə:d]because seamen did not take care with machinery [mə'ʃi:nəri] or because they did not wear the correct type of protective [prəu'tektiv] clothing ['kləuðiŋ]. Seven ships reported fires on board during the year: in 2 incidents, the fires started in the galley, in another 2 incidents, fires started when chemical ['kemikəl] containers exploded[ik'spləudid]; and in 3 incidents, the fires occurred[ə'kə:d] because of electrical [i'lektrikəl]faults[fɔ:lts]. On 4 occasions[ə'keiʒənz]vessels lost power because the crew did not follow correct procedures[prə'si:dʒəz]during maneuvering[mə'nu:vəriŋ]. There were accounts[ə'kaunts]of cargo contamination [kən,tæmi'neiʃən]: 1 cargo of grain [ɡrein] suffered['sʌfəd] from heat damage, and in the other case, water leaked[li:kt] into the hold and damaged a cargo of fruit.Passage 7This incident ['insidənt] took place on board the MV Elga in January ['dʒænjuəri] of this year. Some of our cargo of pipes broke loose [lu:s] on the deck when we were rounding['raundiŋ] the Cape [keip]of Good Hope in bad weather. There were high winds and visibility [,vizi'biləti] was very poor. At the time of the incident['insidənt] I was on watch on the bridge. The 2nd officer heard a loud banging['bæŋiŋ] noise [nɔiz] and noticed the pipes were loose. I immediately [i'mi:diətli] informed[in'fɔ:md] the Captain who ordered a team to go on deck to tie and secure the pipes. The problem was caused by the severe [si'viə] movement of the vessel and some lashings['æʃiŋz] breaking['breikiŋ]. The deck crews were able to lever the pipes into a secure position. We managed to lash the cargo down again sufficiently [sə'fiʃəntli] until the bad weather passed. There was very little we could do to ensure that this incident does not happen again. However, when bad weather is forecast ['fɔ:kɑ:st], all lashings['æʃiŋz] should be checked and, if necessary, extra ['ekstrə] lashings should be put in place.Passage 8It is a common ['kɔmən] belief [bi'li:f] among [ə'mʌŋ] members of the public ['pʌblik] that piracy ['paiərəsi] belongs[bi'lɔŋz] to an era ['iərə, 'εərə]in which swashbuckling ['swɔʃ,bʌkliŋ]恃强凌弱的pirates['paiərits] played cat and mouse [maus, mauz] with sailing ship laden ['leidən] with gold. That piracy['paiərəsi] is a thing of the past, however, is a myth[miθ]. The main point I‟d like to make is that armed [ɑ:md]robbery ['rɔbəri]is still a real threat[θret]to the shipping industry ['indəstri]. The international maritime bureau ['bjuərəu] reported that in 1994 there were 92 serious ['siəriəs] attacks[ə'tæks] on ships. Two years later in 1996, this figure ['fiɡə] rocketed['rɔkitid] to 174, and in 1997 the figure ['fiɡə] continued to rise dramatically [drə'mætikəli] to 252.Almost to combat ['kɔmbæt, kəm'bæt] this crime [kraim] were made during the early 1990s and consequently ['kɔnsi,kwəntli] the number of attacks decreased significantly[sig'nifəkəntli]. This decrease was due to two main factors['fæktəz]. IMO missions['miʃənz]任务，使命were sent to problem areas and pressure was also exerted[iɡ'zə:t id] on countries whose waters were known black spots[spɔts] for pirate['paiərit]attacks[ə'tæks].Passage 9Two types of compasses ['kʌmpəsiz]are used at sea, namely ['neimli]the gyrocompass ['dʒaiərəu,kʌmpəs]and the magnetic[mæɡ'netik]compass ['kʌmpəs]. The gyrocompass['dʒaiərəu,kʌmpəs]is electrically [i'lektrikəli]driven [drivən]and indicates the direction of the geographical [dʒiə'ɡræfikəl] or true north pole [pəul] of the earth. When a gyrocompass['dʒaiərəu,kʌmpəs]has been started, some time must be allowed for it to settle ['setl]down, and a ship‟s gyrocompass['dʒaiərəu,kʌmpəs] should be started some hours before it is to be used. A gyrocompass may function ['fʌŋkʃən] correctly, but at the same time register ['redʒistə]a small, constant ['kɔnstənt]error ['erə]known as gyro ['dʒaiərəu]error. If the gyrocompass indicates a direction which is numerically [nju:'merikəli] larger than the true direction, the error is described as high, and conversely ['kɔnvə:sli] a numerically[nju:'merikəli] smaller reading is described as low.Passage 10Major ['meidʒə] coast [kəust] radio stations all over the world transmit [træns'mit], at regular ['reɡjulə] intervals['intəvəlz] and in code [kəud], weather information for ships within range[reindʒ]. Weather information consists[kən'sists]of ten parts, of which ships usually make use of three, that is, warning, synoptic [si'nɔptik] situation and forecast ['fɔ:kɑ:st]. With weather information, mariners are able to keep away from disastrous [di'zɑ:strəs] weather at sea and reduce the danger a great deal [di:l]. As terrible ['terəbl] weather is predicted [pri'diktid], ships can take precautions[pri'kɔ:ʃənz]预防措施before hand, by delaying [di'leiiŋ] the voyage ['vɔiidʒ] or seeking[si:kiŋ] shelter ['ʃeltə] in a safe place. If there is a high sea or long swell [swel], they can take some measures['meʒəz]to safeguard ['seifɡɑ:d]保护措施the cargo and the ship.Passage 11When the vessel approaches [ə'prəutʃiz] her designated ['deziɡ,neitid] berth at minimum ['miniməm] steerageway ['stiəridʒwei], the approach[ə'prəutʃ] to the quay [ki:]码头is made at the smallest ['smɔ:list] possible ['pɔsəbl] angle. With a heaving['hi:vinŋ] line the hawser ['hɔ:zə]is pulled from the vessel onto the embankment[im'bæŋkmənt]by line-handlers['hændləz]. The spring is fastened ['fɑ:sən d] to a bollard ['bɔləd], and while the engine is on half astern [ə'stə:n], the warping ['wɔ:piŋ] drum [drʌm] picks up the slack [slæk]. To prevent the line from being fouled, the hawser or spring is led through the fairlead. The ship is then maneuvered[mə'nu:vəd] along the embankment[im'bæŋkmənt]and fastened ['fɑ:sən d] to bollards['bɔlədz] by headlines, stern lines, breast [brest] lines and springs. When leaving berth, casting ['kɑ:stiŋ off orders, engine room orders and helm [helm] orders are giv en by the pilot or the master. After having started the engines, the first order is “Standing by for letting go!”. When a line is cast[kɑ:st]off, the first order must always be “Slack away”, so that it will become possible to handle the hawser ['hɔ:zə]. T he next casting off order will then be: “Heave [hi:v]away”, which means that the line can be pulled aboard [ə'bɔ:d]. The sequence ['si:kwəns] of casting off orders that can then be given depends [di'pendz] on how the vessel has been berthed, and on the prevailing[pri'veiliŋ] weather condition and currents['kʌrənts].Passage 12One of the most important responsibilities[ri,spɔnsə'bilətiz] of the first mate[meit] is to make sure that cargo will be properly['prɔpəli]loaded and stowed. Whether bulk cargo, general cargo, heavy cargo, containerized[kən'teinəraizd]cargoes or refrigerated [ri'fridʒəreitid] perishable ['periʃəbl] cargo are carried, care must always be taken to ensure [in'ʃuə] that a cargo will not in any way affect [ə'fekt]the vessel‟s stabil ity [stə'biliti] and jeopardize ['dʒepədaiz]危害vessel, cargo and crew. Therefore astowage ['stəuidʒ]plan must be made up before the loading of the cargo commences[kə'mensiz]. Stevedoring ['sti:vədɔ:riŋ] (loading and discharging of cargo) must be done according [ə'kɔ:diŋ] to this stowage ['stəuidʒ] plan by a shore gang [ɡæŋ]. A shore gang usually consists[kən'sists] of a foreman['fɔ:mən]and stevedores['sti:vədɔ:z] (longshoreman ['lɔŋ,ʃɔ:mən]港口工人, as they are called in America), hatchway ['hætʃwei] men, winch [wintʃ] men, and a tally ['tæli] clerk [klə:k].Passage 13There are five common ['kɔmən] kinds of injury ['indʒəri] on vessels. Seafarers['si:fεərəz] sometimes break their arms and legs when they slip or fall. These accidents ['æksidənts] happen ['hæpən]when they don‟t wear safety boots [bu:ts] or when decks are wet and oily ['ɔili]. Seafarers['si:fεərəz]also fall when ladders ['lædəz]are not secure [si'kjuə]. To prevent [pri'vent] broken arms and legs, it is important to wear safety boots. Seafarers['si:fεərəz] sometimes strain [strein] their backs when they lift heavy objects ['ɔbdʒikts]. Back strain usually happens when seafarers['si:fεərəz] lift objects ['ɔbdʒikts] alone or when they don‟t use lifting equipment properly['prɔpəli]. To prevent back strain, it is important to lift properly['prɔpəli]. Seafarers['si:fεərəz] sometimes suffer['sʌfə] from burns when there is a fire, explosion [ik'spləuʒən] or chemical['kemikəl]spill. Seafarers['si:fεərəz]need to be careful when they smoke or when they work with chemicals. To prevent burns, it is important to obey “No Smoking” signs and to handle chemical['kemikəl] cargo safely. Seafarers sometimes suffer from cuts. They often cut their fingers['fiŋɡəz] when they are careless with sharp [ʃɑ:p]machinery [mə'ʃi:nəri]. To prevent cuts, it is important to use safety guards[ɡɑ:dz] and wear gloves [ɡlʌvz]. Seafarers sometimes injure ['indʒə] their eyes when they work with machinery[mə'ʃi:nəri]. Dust [dʌst], sparks [spɑ:ks], and chemicals['kemikəlz] are very dangerous when they enter the eye. To prevent eye injuries ['indʒəriz], it is important to wear protective [prəu'tektiv] goggles['ɡɔɡlz].Passage 14The vessel was at anchor overnight [,əuvə'nait, 'əuvənait] while we were waiting for permission [pə'miʃən] to enter the port. Two officers of watch were patrolling [pə'trəuliŋ] the deck but they did not notice anything unusual [,ʌn'ju:ʒuəl]. They did not realize ['riəlaiz]that while they were on watch, two stowaways['stəuə,weiz]were hiding[haidiŋ]in the lifeboat. One man escaped[i'skeipt] by jumping ['dʒʌmpiŋ] overboard ['əuvəbɔ:d] while the other climbed [klaimd] down a rope ladder ['lædə]. Later, I received a phone call from the Coastguard ['kəustga:d]at the port. He said that two men from my vessel were swimming ['swimiŋ] towards [tə'wɔ:dz] the shore. He called the police and ordered a rescue ['reskju:] boat to pick up the men. When the rescue ['reskju:] boat went out, it picked up only one person. The other was nowhere to be seen. As yet, I have no further ['fə:ðə]information about the two stowaways['stəuə,weiz]. The vessel will remain[ri'mein]in port until port Authorities [ɔ:'θɔrətiz] have searched [sə:tʃt] the vessel and given clearance ['kliərəns] to depart [di'pɑ:t]. I am awaiting [ə'weitiŋ] instruction [in'strʌkʃən] from the immigration [,imi'ɡreiʃən] authorities about the procedure [prə'si:dʒə] for repatriating[ri:'pætrieitiŋ]遣返the stowaway['stəuə,wei] who is in police custody ['kʌstədi]拘留at present. The police are still searching for the missing['misiŋ] stowaways['stəuə,weiz].Passage 15The echo['ekəu]sounder['saundə]sends a radio signal from the bottom of the ship to the seabed['si:bed], from which it is reflected[ri'flektid]. The time taken to receive the reflected[ri'flektid] signal is a measure of the depth of water under the ship. The received pulse[pʌls] is displayed [dis'pleid] on a chart by a pen recorder[ri'kɔ:də] so that the navigator ['næviɡeitə] can see the outline ['autlain]of the bottom over which the vessel is passing. A similar ['similə]device [di'vais]is the sonar ['səunɑ:] system, which uses high frequency ['frikwənsi] sound signals. In sonar['səunɑ:] the sound signal can be sent ahead [ə'hed] or sideways ['saidweiz]. The time for the echo to be sent back from an object ['ɔbdʒikt], such as an underwater ['ʌndə'wɔ:tə] rock, is a measure ['meʒə] of the object‟s ['ɔbdʒikts] distance ['distəns] from the ship. The sonar['səunɑ:] system can also be used to measure the speed of the ship over the seabed['si:bed].Passage 16The officer on watch (OOW) should ensure [in'ʃuə] that the SOLAS requirements[ri'kwaiəmənts] for the operation and testing of the steering ['stiəriŋ] gear [ɡiə] are observed[əb'zə:vd]. Steering control of the ship will comprise [kəm'praiz] manual ['mænjuəl] steering, probably supplemented['sʌpliməntid, 'sʌpləmentid] by an autopilot ['ɔ:təu'pailət]. At each steering position there should be a gyro ['dʒaiərəu]repeater [ri'pi:tə]and rudder ['rʌdə]angle['æŋɡl]indicator ['indikeitə]and emergency [i'mə:dʒənsi]back-up steering position, usually in the steering gear flat [flæt], is also required [ri'kwaiəd]. If an autopilot['ɔ:təu'pailət]is fitted, a steering mode[məud]selector[si'lektə]switch[switʃ] for changing between automatic[,ɔ:tə'mætik]and manual['mænjuəl] steering, and a manual override [,əuvə'raid] control to allow the OOW to gain [ɡein] instant ['instənt] manual ['mænjuəl] control of the steering, will be required [ri'kwaiəd]. When operating an autopilot, the course to steer will need to be manually ['mænjuəli] set on the autopilot and the autopilot will steer the course until a new course is entered.Passage 17A typical['tipikəl]weather['weðə]report normally['nɔ:məli]include[in'klu:d]three parts: warning['wɔ:niŋ], synoptic[si'nɔptik] situation and forecast ['fɔ:kɑ:st]. Gale [ɡeil]warnings ['wɔ:niŋz]are usually issued['isju:d] when winds of at least force 8 or gusts[ɡʌsts]reaching 43 knots are expected[ik'spektid]. Gale warnings remain in force until amended[ə'mendid]or canceled['kænsəld]. However, if the gale persists[pə'sists]for more than 24 hours after the time of origin['ɔridʒin], the warning will be re-issued. The term “severe [si'viə]gale” implies [im'plaiz] a mean wind of at least force 9 or gusts[ɡʌsts] reaching 52 knots. Storm warnings are usually issued when winds of force 10 or gusts reaching 61 knots are expected. The term “imminent ['iminənt]” implies [im'plaiz]within 6 hours of the time issue, “soon” implies [im'plaiz] between 6 and 12 hours, and “later” impli es [im'plaiz] more than 12 hours. Hurricane ['hʌrikən] warnings are issued in some parts of the world when winds of force 12 or above are expected.Passage 18Admiralty['ædmərəlti]Notice['nəutis]to Mariners, weekly editions, contains information which enables[i'neiblz]the mariners to keep his charts and books published by the hydrographic [,haidrəu'ɡræfik]department [di'pɑ:tmənt]up-to-date ['ʌptə'deit]for the latest reports received. In addition [ə'diʃən]to all Admiralty ['ædmərəlti]Notices['nəutisiz], they include [in'klu:d all Australian [ɔ:'streɪljən] and New Zealand [,nju:'zi:lənd] chart correcting Notices, the selected [si'lektid] temporary ['tempərəri] and preliminary [pri'liminəri] ones. Copies ['kɔpiz] of all Australian[ɔ:'streɪljən] and New Zealand Notices can be obtained from Australian or New Zealand[,nju:'zi:lənd] chart agents ['eidʒənts]. The Notices are published in weekly editions, and are issued ['isju:d] by the hydrographic [,haidrəu'ɡræfik] department [di'pɑ:tmənt] on a daily ['deili] basis ['beisis] to certain Admiralty chart agents. Weekly editions can be obtained [əb'teind] gratis ['ɡreitis], or dispatched [dis'pætʃt] regularly ['reɡjələli] by surface ['sə:fis]or airmail['εəmeil] from Admiralty chart agents. Ports and authorities [ɔ:'θɔrətiz] who maintain [mein'tein] copies of Admiralty Notices to Mariners for consultation [,kɔnsəl'teiʃən] are listed on Annual ['ænjuəl] Summary ['sʌməri] of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.Passage 19The master is the direct representative [,repri'zentətiv] of the company. Decisions[di'siʒənz] and actions taken by the master in his capacity [kə'pæsəti]are usually binding['baindiŋ]upon the company, and therefore['ðεəfɔ:]the master must act to ensure that company‟s interests['intrists] are protected [prə'tektid]. The master has supreme [sju'pri:m] command [kə'mɑ:nd] of the vessel and full authority[ɔ:'θɔrəti]under the law over all phases[feiziz] of vessel operations at all times. This authority[ɔ:'θɔrəti]under the law extends over all persons on board. The master is an at all times responsible for the seaworthiness ['si:,wə:ðinis] and safety of the ship and for the safety of all personnel [,pə:sə'nel], cargo and equipment aboard.The master is responsible for the management['mænidʒmənt]of the certificates[sə'tifikeits]and documents['dɔkjumənts, 'dɔkjuments] related [ri'leitid] the vessel. The master is ultimately ['ʌltimətli] responsible for the safe handling and control of cargo during loading, transport [træns'pɔ:t] and discharge.Passage 20Upon joining a vessel, the third officer must report to the master. The third officer must discuss [dis'kʌs] with the officer being relieved [ri'li:vd] that areas of the third officer‟s responsibility [ri,spɔnsə'biləti], and inspect them promptly [prɔmptli], preferably['prefərəbli]in the company['kɔmpəni]陪伴of the officer being relieved[ri'li:vd]. Anything found to be unsatisfactory ['ʌn,sætis'fæktəri] must be reported to the master. The third officer is responsible[ri'spɔnsəbl] to the master for the proper performance [pə'fɔ:məns]of his assigned[ə'saind]bridge watchstanding and navigational [,nævi'geiʃənəl]duties. The third officer is responsible[ri'spɔnsəbl] to the master through the first officer for watch duties pertaining [pə:'teiniŋ] to fire-fighting appliances[ə'plaiənsiz] and life-saving appliances[ə'plaiənsiz] and maintenance ['meintənəns]. The third officer is responsible for the care of the ship‟s signaling ['siɡnəliŋ]equipment. The third officer is responsible to the master for maintaining and accounting [ə'kauntiŋ] for all training publications [,pʌbli'keiʃənz] and training aids, including the movie ['mu:vi] projector [prəu'dʒektə], films[filmz], and other audio ['ɔ:diəu] -visual ['vizjuəl] equipment.Passage 21So many lives [laivz] are lost every year due to accidents['æksidənts] involving [in'vɔlviŋ] towing and mooring ropes . Please spare[spεə] a few minutes to read this. It may save your life.A.Always wear a safety helmet ['helmit] when on the deck of a tug, lighter ['laitə] or barge engaged [in'ɡeidʒd] in mooring , cargo or towing operations.B.Always wear shoes（not slippers['slipəz]拖鞋）when working on deck.C.Never stand underneath [,ʌndə'ni:θ] an object ['ɔbdʒikt, -dʒekt, əb'dʒekt] being hoisted [hɔistid] or deck.D.Never stand within a bight [bait] of a rope.E.Never stand close to mooring or towing ropes under strain [strein. if they break, the backlash ['bæk,læʃ]后冲can be fatal ['feitl]致命的.F.Hoisting or lowering operations should always be carried out with a person at the controls. Failure ['feiljə] to do so many cost you a limb [lim] or even your life.G. Shackles ['ʃæklz] and thimbles['θimbl z] should never go through roller ['rəulə] fairleads['fεəli:dz].The ropes may jump off and cause injuries ['indʒəri]. All ropes and wires should be inspected regularly ['reɡjələli], and renewed[ri'nju:d] for wear['wεə] and tear [tiə] whenever necessary.H. Always wear a lifejacket ['laifdʒækit] when working or walking on the deck of a barge or lighter during rough [rʌf] seas, rain or whenever the deck is wet. You may slip [slip] and fall into the water.Passage22Maritime['mæritaim]communication[kə,mju:ni'keiʃən]comprises[kəm'praiziz]communications between vessels and coast-stations, intership ['intə:ʃip] communication and intraship['intrəʃip] communication (internal [in'tə:nəl] communication when the vessel is before casting ['kɑ:stiŋ] off, leaving berth, loading or discharging, etc.) .Vessels and coast-stations can communicate[kə'mju:nikeit]by means of Radio Telephony[ti'lefəni],Satellite['sætəlait], Digital['didʒitəl]Selective[si'lektiv]Calling (DSC) and Radio-Telex ['teleks].Categories ['kætiɡəri z] of messages that can be transmitted[træns'mitid]and received are called …priorities [prai'ɔrətiz]‟. They indicate ['indikeit] the important of the message.A DISTRESS [di'stres] ALERT [ə'lə:t] indicates that there is serious ['siəriəs] and immediate [i'mi:diət] danger for vessel, crewand passengers ['pæsindʒəz]. A Distress Alert is also referred to as a …MAYDAY‟.An URGENCY ['ə:dʒənsi]message indicates that there is serious danger for vessel, crew and passenger. An Urgency Message is also referred to as a …PAN PAN‟ message.A SAFETY message indicates that there is imminent ['iminənt] risk for navigation [,nævi'ɡeiʃən]. A Safety Message is also referred to as a …SECURITE [si'kju:rait]‟ message.A ROUTINE[ru:'ti:n]message is transmitted[træns'mitid]to ensure[in'ʃuə]safe navigation. Routine messages refer to intership['intə:ʃip] communication, exchange [iks'tʃeindʒ] of data ['deitə] in port operations, communication between ships and Vessel Traffic ['træfik] Services ['sə:visiz], inshore [,in'ʃɔ:] radar stations, pilot stations, bridges and locks.Passage23A VHF-transceiver [træns'si:və] (transmitter [trænz'mitə] + receiver [ri'si:və]) transmits [træns'mits] and receives radio signals. The VHF is used to bridge short distances ['distənsiz], is easy to operate and is allowed to be used both in territorial [,teri'tɔ:riəl]waters and inland waterways ['wɔ:təweiz]. Its receiver has a “push-to-talk button ['bʌtən]”. If the installation [,instə'leiʃən]is a “simplex ['simpleks]” radio, speaking and listening cannot be done simultaneously [siməl'teiniəsli]. When you wish to speak, you push the button; when you wish to listen, you release [ri'li:s] it. Before changing from speaking to listening, you say “over”.VHF radio-communication can bridge about 40 miles. MF-or-HF radiotelephony [,reidiəuti'lefɔni]is used to bridge 150 miles (MF) to 2000 miles (HF).Reception [ri'sepʃən] of radio signals will not always be of high quality ['kwɔləti], and coverage ['kʌvəridʒ] will not always extend [ik'stend]to the desired [di'zaiəd]areas. This may of course have consequences ['kɔnsi,kwəns]for the safety of the vessel and her crew. These disadvantages [disəd'vɑ:ntidʒiz] of communication through speech have led to the introduction of Digital['didʒitəl]Selective[si'lektiv]Calling in maritime ['mæritaim] communication [kə,mju:ni'keiʃən].Passage 24Weather-conditions have a great influence['influəns]on the safety during a voyage and should always be taken into consideration[kən,sidə'reiʃən] in voyage-planning and when underway.The state of the atmosphere['ætmə,sfiə]is determined by various['vεəriəs]meteorological[,mi:tiərə'lɔdʒikəl]elements ['elimənts], such as temperature['tempəritʃə], humidity[hju:'midəti], cloudiness['klaudinis]and fog, forms of precipitation [pri,sipi'teiʃən], barometric [,bærəu'metrik] pressure, and speed and direction of wind. All these elements may be referred to as “the weather”.Humidity[hju:'midəti]refers to the amount of water vapour['veipə]in the air. Warm air is capable['keipəbl]of containing a higher grade[ɡreid] of moisture['mɔistʃə], or humidity[hju:'midəti], than cold air. The maximum['mæksiməm]amount[ə'maunt]of moisture['mɔistʃə] that air can hold at a specific [spi'sifik]temperature is known as “saturation [,sætʃə'reiʃən]“.Most clouds are the result of a rising mass [mæs] of cool air .When the temperature of air falls, water vapour in the air will condense [kən'dens] into droplets ['drɔplits] or ice crystals ['kristəlz], thus forming clouds or fog.Passage 25Goods commercially[kə'mə:ʃəli] transported['trænspɔ:tid]by merchant['mə:tʃənt]ships include those:A.Transported in bulk as solids['sɔlidz], liquids['likwidz] or gas.B.General cargo packaged['pækidʒd]in boxes, drums[drʌmz]and other such containers.The carriage of cargoes is what keeps the merchant ship running. Cargoes bring freight[freit]运费and this means we have an obligation[,ɔbli'ɡeiʃən] to deliver[di'livə] the cargo in the same condition in which we received it. The contract['kɔntrækt, kən'trækt] of carriage , by whatever name it is called , is binding['baindiŋ] on the ship and the ships officers (as the ship。
经济学人 精读 第30篇 专利亟待改革 但这不表示支持偷窃
经济学人精读第30篇专利亟待改革但这不表示支持偷窃2015年10月6日09:23 阅读1373InnovationTime to fix patentsIdeas fuel the economy. Today’s patent systems are a rotten way of rewarding them创新解决专利问题迫在眉睫创意推动经济。
今天的专利体系是一种陈腐的奖励方式IN 1970 the United States recognised the potential of crop science by broadening the sco pe of patents in agriculture. Patents are supposed to reward inventiveness, so that shoul d have galvanised progress. Yet, despite providing extra protection, that change and a fu rther broadening of the regime in the 1980s led neither to more private research into whe at nor to an increase in yields. Overall, the productivity of American agriculture continued its gentle upward climb, much as it had before.1970年美国通过扩大农业方面的专利范围，认可了作物学的潜力。
专利意在奖励发明创造，所以本应激励进步。
但是，尽管提供了额外保护，这一变化以及 20 世纪 80 年代专利范围的进一步扩大既没有在小麦领域引入更多私人研究，也没有带来产量增长。
【托福听力备考】TPO14听力文本——Lecture 2
【托福听力备考】TPO14听力文本——Lecture 2众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。
相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
TPO 14 Lecture 2 BiologyNarrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.Professor:Almost all animals have some way of regulating their body temperature;otherwise they wouldn’t survive extreme hot or cold conditions---sweating,panting, swimming to cooler or warmer water; ducking into somewhere cool like aburrow or a hole under a rock; these are just a few. And that spot is colder orwarmer than the surrounding environment, because it’s a microclimate.A microclimate is a group of climate conditions that affect a localized area,weather features like temperature, wind, moisture and so on. And when I saylocalized, I mean really localized, because microclimates can be, as the namesuggests, pretty small, even less than a square meter. And microclimates areaffected by huge number of other variables. Obviously weather conditions in thesurrounding area are a factor. But other aspects of the location like, um… theelevation of the land, the plant life nearby, and so on, have a substantialeffect on microclimates. And of course the human development in the area, um, aroad will affect a nearby microclimate. It’s also interesting to note thatmicroclimates that are near each other can have very different conditions. Inthe forest for example, there can be a number of very different microclimatesclose to each other, because of all the variables I just mentioned.Student: So how does a hole in the ground, a burrow, stay cool in a hotclimate?Professor:Well, since cold air sinks, and these spots are shaded, they are usually much cooler than the surrounding area. And these spots are so important because many animals rely on microclimates to regulate their body temperature.Um, for instance, there is a species of squirrel, in the Western part of the United States that can get really hot when they are out foraging for food. So they need a way to cool down. So what do they do? They go back to their own burrow. Once they get there, their body temperatures decrease very, very quickly. The trip to the burrow prevents the squirrel from getting too hot.Student: But squirrels are mammals, right? I thought mammals regulated their temperature internally.Professor: Mammals do have the ability to regulate their body temperature, but not all can do it to the same degree, or even the same way. Like when you walk outside on a hot day, you perspire, and your body cools itself down, a classic example of how a mammal regulates its own body temperature. But one challenge that squirrels face, well many small mammals do, is that because of their size, sweating would make them lose too much moisture. They dehydrate. Buton the other hand, their small size allows them to fit into very tiny spaces. Sofor small mammals, microclimates can make a big difference. They rely onmicroclimates for survival.Student: So cold-blooded animals, like reptiles, they can’t control their own body temperature, so I can imagine the effect a microclimate would have on them.Professor:Yes, many reptiles and insects rely on microclimates to control their body temperature. A lot of reptiles use burrows or stay under rocks to cool down. Ofcourse with reptiles, it’s a balancing act. Staying in the heat for too long canlead to problems, but staying in the cold can do the same. So reptiles have to be really precise about where they spend their time, even how they position their bodies. And when I say they’re precise, I mean it--- some snakes will search out a place under rocks of a specific thickness, because too thin a rock doesn’t keep them cool enough, and too thick a rock will cause them to get too cold. That level of precision is critical to the snake for maintaining its body temperature.And even microscopic organisms rely on microclimates for survival. Thinkabout this, decomposing leaves create heat that warms the soil; the warm soil inturn affects the growth, the conditions of organisms there. And those organisms then affect the rate of decomposition of the leaves. So a microclimate can besomething so small and so easily disturbed that even a tiny change can have a big impact. If someone on a hike knocks a couple of rocks over, they could be unwittingly destroying a microclimate that an animal or organism relies on.。
listen to this：中级英语听力14课
listen to this：中级英语听力14课Here is a summary of the news.No general election yet says the Prime Minister.Five people die in an earthquake in central Italy.And ￡1/4 million is stolen from a security van.In a speech in the city of London last night, the Prime Minister announced that there will be no general election in the near future. Talk of a quick election was pure speculation, she said. A general election would be held when it was in the best interests of the nation to do so.In central Italy, several small towns and villages are still cut off by avalanches following the earthquake during the night which killed five people. It was central Italy's strongest earthquake for several years and hundreds of people have been made homeless. In Rome, as well as in Florence, Naples and Perugia, gas pipes were broken, windows shattered and electric cables thrown onto the streets.Thieves got away with almost ￡1/4 million after a security van was ambushed in central London early this morning. The security van was rammed by a lorry as it was taking a short cut through a narrow street off Piccadilly. Three masked men then threatened the driver and his assistant with shotguns and forced one of them to unlock the van. The thieves made their escape in a car parked nearby. This car was later found abandoned in south London. The driver of the van and his assistant were badly shaken but not seriously hurt.The flight recorder of the DC10 airliner which crashed in the Antarctic a fortnight ago has shown that the plane was flying normally just before impact. All two hundred andfifty-seven people on board the aircraft died when it hit the side of a volcano. The investigation into what happened isstill going on.Voting is taking place today in the Euro-Constituency of London SouthWest. This by election for the EuropeanParliament is being held because of the death of the previous member, Mr. Harold Friend. At the last election Mr. Friendhad a majority of 17,000 over his nearest opponent.Talks on a formula for ending the strike at Independent Television get under way in London this afternoon. Looking forward to the meeting, the General Secretary of the Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians, Mr. Albert Tapper, said it was taking place onthe basis of new proposals from the companies. He hoped it would lead to a basis for negotiations but he refused to speculate on the chances of success.Fifteen people are to appear in court in Manchester today, following disturbances on a train bringing footballsupporters back from matches in London. Eye witnesses report that the trouble began when groups of rival supporters whose teams had both been playing London clubs began to insult each other. After fighting had broken out police boarded the train just outside Manchester and arrests were made. British Rail have announced that they are considering withdrawing all soccer specials operating from Manchester.Interviewer： Tell me Mrs. Clark, how did you come to be a bearded lady?Mrs. Clark： Well, it all began when I started growing a beard.Interviewer： Mm ... and when was that exactly?Mrs. Clark： Just after my fourth birthday, I believe.Interviewer： Really? As early as that? Didn't you see a doctor?Mrs. Clark： Oh, yes, my parents took me to dozens of specialists.Interviewer： And what did they have to say?Mrs. Clark： They just told me to shave.Interviewer： That's all the advice they could give? So you started shaving?Mrs. Clark： Well, I was too young to be allowed to use a razor, and electric razors weren't even thought of in those days, so my dad used to shave me once a week before going to church on Sundays.Interviewer： And when did you stop shaving?Mrs. Clark： Oh, that would have been when I was around fifteen. You see it was growing at an enormous rate, something like five inches a day, I mean you could almost see it growing, and it was so thick. I mean a razor or scissors were no use.Interviewer： So you ... let it grow?Mrs. Clark： Well, it was taking so much time trying to keep it down and I was just wasting my time fighting a losing battle. So I thought ... I'll just let it grow ... and that's when I came to work in the circus. I was spotted by a talent scout.Interviewer： Do you ... ever cut your beard now?Mrs. Clark： Oh, yes every week I chop off a few feet. I have to cut it or I fall over it if I don't remember to wrap it around my waist.Interviewer： (Laughs) What about the circus? How did you find it at first, being stared at all day?Mrs. Clark： Well, I must admit it was a bit unnerving at first ... what with people gaping at you as though you were a goldfish in a bowl. I used to feel like saying. 'It's all right, dear, it's not that unusual, you know. It's only a bit of extra hair. It's not another head or something.' But you get used to the pointing and laughing in the end. Don't hardly notice it any more. Even the jokes don't upset me now. It's a bit boring in fact, after thirty years, just sitting here all day being stared at. But still there's always the breaks. and then the Ten-Foot Woman and the Midget from next door come in for a cup of tea and a chat, that passes the time nicely.Interviewer： Would you say there were any advantages to having a fifteen-foot long beard?Mrs. Clark： Well, my husband says it keeps his toes warm on cold nights.Paul： Anyone want another Coke or something?James： I think we're all drinking Paul ... thanks just the same.Darley： I was thinking ... What would you youngsters do without the youth centre? You'd be pretty lost, wouldn't you?Paul： Huh! It's all right I suppose. But I'm tellingyou ... we don't need no bloody youth club to find something to do. Me ... well ... I only come when there's a dance on. Them berks what come all the time ... well ... they needtheir heads examined. If I want to drink ... well there's the pub, isn't there.Mrs. Brent： But how old are you Paul? Sixteen? You can't drink in pubs—it's illegal.Paul： No barman's ever turned me out yet. Anyway ... thanks for the drink. What about a dance, Denise?Denise： I don't mind.Paul： Come on then.Finchley： Er ... Would you care to dance, Mrs. Brent?Mrs. Brent： Thank you ... but no. The music isn't of my generation. You know ... the generation gap. When I was young I'd never have dared speak as Paul just did. Especially with a clergyman present.James： What sort of world do you think we live in Mrs. Brent? It's part of my job to know people ... and especially young people ... as they are.Mrs. Brent： Please don't misunderstand me. I only thought it offensive. If my own son ...James： Oh, I'm used to it. In a sense I feel it's a kind of compliment that ...Darley： Compliment?James： Don't get me wrong. Paul feels free to express himself with me just as he would with his friends. He accepts me as a kind of friend.Finchley： And really the so-called generation gap is a myth you know. Teenagers aren't really so different. As a teacher I find them quite traditional in their attitudes.Darley： But look at the way they dress ... and theirhair!James： You haven't got the point I think. Those things are quite superficial. I agree with Mr. Finchley ...Basically their attitudes are very similar to those of my generation.Darley： So you approve of the kind of language we heard from Paul just now ...James： Now I didn't say that. Anyway the concepts of'approval' and 'disapproval' tend to over simplify matters. Every generation creates its ... its own special language ... just as it creates its own styles in clothes and music.Mrs. Brent： It's just that ... er ... the styles and habits of today's teenagers are so ... well basically ... so unacceptable.Finchley： You mean unacceptable to you.Mrs. Brent： No ... I mean unacceptable to the rest of society.Darley： When you come to think of it ... I mean I'm always on at my boy about his clothes ...James： So you find them unacceptable too.Darley： No ... just let me finish. I was about to say that in fact his clothes are very practical ... very simple.Finchley： Anyway ... the generation gap is non-existent.I mean ... the idea of teenagers ... of a teenage generation that ... which has rejected the values of its parents for a sort of mixture of violence and lethargy ... well ... it's totally unrealistic.Mrs. Brent： I do wish you had a teenage son or daughter of your own, Mr. Finchley.Finchley： But I have more contact with them ...Mrs. Brent： I'm not implying that you have no understanding of their problems.Finchley： My contact with them ... as a teacher of English ... is close. You see we have regular discussions ... and they very often carry on after school and here at the youth centre. You'd find them interesting. You could come and sit in sometime if you like.Darley： That'd be interesting.Mrs. Brent： I'd be too embarrassed to say anything.Finchley： I don't mean there's any need for you to take part in the discussion. Just listen. And you'd realize Ithink just how traditional their attitudes are.James： For example?Finchley： For example ... you probably wouldn't think so but the majority have ... a firm belief in marriage ... andin the family.Darley： Those are things I've never talked about with my boy.Finchley： And one very clear ... very notable thing is that they're always looking for opportunities to helpothers ...Mrs. Brent： Well, Tony doesn't help much in the house ...Finchley： ... to help others that is who really need help. Not just helping with the washing-up, Mrs. Brent. Anyway ... another point that's come out of the discussionsis that nearly all of them—about 90 per cent I should say—get on well with their parents.Mrs. Brent： Oh but I ...Finchley： Most disagreements seem to be over hair and general appearance.James： And we've called those superficial.Finchley： Exactly.Darley： I like the idea of sitting in on a discussion.I'll take you up on that.Finchley： Fine. And Mrs Brent. As you would find it embarrassing ...Mrs. Brent： Well I ... I didn't really mean embarrassing. It's just that ... you know ...Finchley： There's a book you ought to read ... published by The National Children's Bureau. It's called Britain's Sixteen-Year-Olds. I'll lend you my copy.Mrs. Brent： That's very kind of you. Look, I'd better be going. From the way my son's dancing he'll be at it all night.Darley： Have you got a car, Mrs. Brent?Mrs. Brent： No. There's a bus.Darley： Then please let me give you a lift.Mrs. Brent： I wouldn't want to take you out of your way.Darley： Not at all. Anyway ... we have to take anexample from the youngsters, don't we? Helping those in needI mean ... Well ... we'll say good night ...Voices： Good night.1. How was trade conducted, then, without money to pay for goods? The answer is by bartering. Bartering is the process by which trade takes place through the exchange of goods. Money is not used as payment. Instead, one good is traded for another good.2. As trade became more common as a result of people's interdependence upon one another, it was necessary to develop or invent a more convenient method of payment. Consequently,a new form of exchange medium, money, was introduced into society.3. Of course, the evolution from a total barter society to one that was totally monetized did not occur overnight. In fact, today there are still societies that are not monetized, although they account for an insignificant amount of world trade. In the interim between a barter world and a monetized world, both systems operated together.4. As I stated earlier, money has a specific value, but due to certain conditions, the money—or currency, as money is referred to—of some countries is more valuable than that of other countries.5. It is difficult to give examples of barter deals because in most cases the terms of the contract are not disclosed. In some cases, we don't hear about barter transactions simply because they work so well. If one company has arranged a profitable exchange, it will be very quiet about it so that its competitors will not come in and try to make a better deal.6. It is unlikely that the world will revert to a totally barter-oriented existence, but until the economic disorder that is present in today's world is remedied, bartering will probably become increasingly important as an exchange medium.。
托福TPO14听力原文
TPO 14 听力原文Conversation 1Narrator:Listen to a conversation between a student and the librarian employee.Student:Hi, I am looking for this book---the American judicial system. And I can’t seem to findit anywhere. I need to read a chapter for my political science class.Librarian:Let me check in the computer. Um… doesn’t seem to be checked out and it’s not onreserve. You’ve checked the shelves I assume.Student:Yeah, I even checked other shelves and tables next to where the book should be.Librarian:Well, it’s still here in the library. So people must be using it. You know this seems tobe a very popular book tonight. We show six copies. None are checked out. And, yetyou didn’t even find one copy on the shelves. Is it a big class?Student:Maybe about Seventy Five?Librarian:Well, you should ask your professor to put some of the copies on reserve. You knowabout the ‘Reserve system’, right?Student:I know that you have to read reserve books in the library and that you have timelimits. But I didn’t know that I could ask a professor to put a book on the reserve. Imean I thought the professors make that kind of decisions at the beginning of the semester.Librarian:Oh… they can put books on reserve at anytime during the semester.Student:You know reserving book seems a bit unfair. What if someone who is not in the classwants to use the book?Librarian:That’s why I said some copies.Student:Ah, well, I’ll certainly talk to my professor about it tomorrow. But what I am gonna dotonight?Librarian:I guess you could walk around the Poli-Sci ----- ‘Political Science’ section and look atthe books waiting to be re-shelved.Student:There are do seem to be more than normal.Librarian:We are a little short of staff right now. Someone qui t recently, so things aren’t gettingre-shelved as quickly as usual. I don’t think they’ve hired replacement yet, so, yeah,the un-shelved books can get a bit out of hand.Student:This may sound a bit weird. But I’ve been thinking about getting a job. Um… I’venever worked at the library before, But…..Librarian:That’s not a requirement. The job might still be open. At the beginning of the semester we were swamped with applications, but I guess everyone who wants thejob has one by now.Student:What can you tell me about the job?Librarian:Well, we work between six and ten hours a week, so it’s a reasonable amount.Usually we can pick the hours we want to work. But since you’d be starting so late inthe semester, I’m not sure how that would work for you. And… Oh… we get paid thenormal university rates for student employees.Student:So who do I talk to?Librarian:I guess you talk to Dr. Jenkins, the head librarian. She does the hiring.TPO 14 Lecture 1 PsychologyNarrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology classProfessor:We’ve said that the term “Cognition” refers to mental states like: knowing and believing, and to mental processes that we use to arrive at those states. So forexample, reasoning is a cognitive process, so it’s perc eption. We use information thatwe perceive through our senses to help us make decisions to arrive at beliefs and soon. And then there are memory and imagination which relate to the knowledge of things that happen in the past and may happen in the future. So perceiving,remembering, imagining are all internal mental processes that lead to knowing or believing. Yet, each of these processes has limitations, and can lead us to hold mistaken believes or make false predictions. Take memory for example, maybe youhave heard of studies in which people hear a list of related words. Ah…, let`s say a listof different kinds of fruit. After hearing this list, they are presented with several additional words. In this case, we`ll say the additional words were “blanket” and “cheery”. Neither of these words was on the original list, and, well, people will claimcorrectly that “blanket” was not on the original list, they’ll also claim incorrectly thatthe word “cheery” was on the list. Most people are convinced they heard the word “cheery” on the original list. Why do they make such a simple mistake? Well, we think because the words on the list were so closely related, the brain stored only thegist of what they heard. For example, that all the items on the list were types of thefruit. When we tap our memory, our brains often fill in details and quite often thesedetails are actually false. We also see this “fill-in” phenomenon with perception.Perception is the faculty that allows us to process information in the present as we take it via our senses. Again, studies have shown that people will fill in informationthat they thought they perceived even when they didn`t. For example, experimentshave been done where a person hears a sentence, but it is missing the word, that lo gically completes it. They’ll claim to hear that word even though it was never said.So if I were to say…er…the sunrise is in the…and then fill to complete the sentence,people will often claim to have heard the word “east”.In cognitive psychology, we hav e a phrase for this kind of inaccurate “filling in of details”--- it’s called: A Blind Spot. The term originally refers to the place in our eyeswhere the optic nerve connects the back of the eye to the brain. There are no photoreceptors in the area where the nerve connects to the eye. So that particular area ofthe eye is incapable of detecting images. It produces “A Blind Spot” in our field vision.We are unaware of it, because the brain fills in what it thinks belongs in its image, sothe picture always appears complete to us. But the term “blind spot” has also takenon a more general meaning--- it refers to people being unaware of a bias that may affect their judgment about the subject. And the same “blind-spot phenomenon”that affects memory and perception also affects imagination. Imagination is a facultythat some people use to anticipate future events in their lives. But the ease with which we imagine details can lead to unrealistic expectations and can bias our decisions.So…er…Peter, suppose I ask you to image a lunch salad, no problem, right? But I betyou imagine specific ingredients. Did yours have tomatoes, Onion, Lettuce? mine did?Our brains fill in all sorts of details that might not be part of other people’s image of asalad, which could lead to disappointment for us. If the next time we order a salad ina restaurant, we have our imagined salad in mind, that’s not necessarily what we’llget on our plate. The problem is not that we imagine things, but that we assume what we’ve imagined is accu rate. We should be aware that our imagination has thisbuilt-in feature, the blind spot, which makes our predictions fall short of reality.TPO 14 Lecture 2 BiologyNarrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.Professor:Almost all animals have some way of regulating their body temperature; otherwisethey wouldn’t survive extreme hot or cold conditions---sweating, panting, swimmingto cooler or warmer water; ducking into somewhere cool like a burrow or a hole under a rock; these are just a few. And that’s body is colder or warmer than the surrounding environment, because it’s a microclimate.A microclimate is a group of climate conditions that affect the localized area, weatherfeatures like temperature, wind, moisture and so on. And when I say localized, I mean really localized, because microclimates can be, as the name suggests, pretty small, even less than a square meter. And microclimates are affected by hugenumber of other variables. Obviously weather conditions in the surrounding areas are a factor. But other aspects of the location like, um… the elevation of the land, theplant life nearby, and so on, have a substantial effect on microclimates. And of coursethe human development in the area, eh, a road will affect a nearby microclimate. It’salso interesting to know that microclimates thither or near each other can have verydifferent conditions. In the forest for example, there can be a number of verydifferent microclimates close to each other, because of all the variables I justmentioned.Student:So how does a hole in the ground, a burrow, stay cool in a hot climate?Professor:Well, since cold air sinks, and these spots are shaded, they are usually much coolerthan the surrounding area. And these spots are so important because many animalsrely on microclimates to regulate their body temperature. Hmm, for instance, there isa species of squirrel, in the Western part of the United States that can get really hotwhen they were out foraging for food. So they need a way to cool down. So what’dthey do? They go back to their own burrow. Once they get there, their bodytemperatures decrease very, very quickly. The trip to the burrow prevents thesquirrel from getting too hot.Student:But squirrels are mammals, right? I thought mammals regulate their temperature internally.Professor:Mammals do have the ability to regulate their body temperature, but not all can do itto the same degree, or even the same way. Like when you walk outside on a hot day,you perspire, and your body cools itself down, a classic example of how mammal regulates its own body temperature. But one challenge that squirrels face, well manysmall mammals do, is that because of their size, sweating would make them lose toomuch moisture. They dehydrate. But on the other hand, their small size allows themto fit into very tiny spaces. So for small mammals, microclimates can make a big difference. They rely on microclimates for survival.Student:So cold blood animals, like reptiles, they can’t control their own body temperature,so I can image the effect of microclimate would have on them.Professor:Yes, many reptile insects rely on microclimates to control their body temperature. Alot of reptiles use burrows or stay under rocks to cool down. Of course with reptiles,it’s a balancing act. Staying in the heat for too long can lead to problems, but stayingin the cold can do the same. So reptiles have to be really precise about where they spend their time, even how they position their bodies. And when I say the y’reprecise, I mean it--- some snakes will search out a place under rocks of a specific thickness, because too thin a rock doesn’t keep them cool enough, and too thick a rock will cause them to get too cold. That level of precision is critical to the snake formaintaining its body temperature. And even microscopic organisms rely onmicroclimates for survival.Think about this, decomposing leaves create heat that warms the soil; the warm soilin turn affects the growth, the conditions of organisms there. And those organisms then affect the rate of decomposition of the leaves. So a microclimate can besomething so small and so easily to disturbed that even a tiny change can have a bigimpact. If someone on a hike knocks a couple of rocks over, they could be unwittinglydestroying a microclimate that an animal or organism relies on.TPO 14 Conversation 2Narrator:Listen to a conversation between a student and his faculty adviserAdvisor:Hi ，Steven I schedule this appointment, cause it has been a while since we touch this.Student:I know I have been really busy--- a friend of my works on a school a paper. Heasksme if I would like to try to reporting so I did and I really love it.Advisor:Hey…that's sounds great!Student:Yeah… the first article I wrote it was profile of the chemistry professor---the one whose name teacher the year. My article ran on the front page. When I saw my name, I mean my byline in print, I was hooked. Now I know this is what I want to do--- be a reporter.Advisor:Isn't it great to discover something that you really enjoy? And I read that the articletoo? It was very good.Student:To be honest, the articles got a lot of editing. In fact I barely recognized a couple ofparagraphs. But the editor explained why the changes were made. I learned a lot andmy second article didn't meet nearly many changes.Advisor:Sound like you got a real neck for this.Student:Yeah… anyway, I am glad you schedule this meeting because I want to change mymajor to journalism now.Advisor:Um，the university doesn't offer major in journalism.Student:Oh no…Advisor:But….Student:I… I mean… should I transfer to another school, or major in English?Advisor:Er… wait a minute. Let me explain why the major isn’t offered. Editors at t he newspaper… editors… um… I mean when you apply for a reporting job, editors lookat the two things--- they want to see clips, you know, some of your published articles,though also want to try out, though give you an assignment like… covering a price ofconferences some other event, then see if you can craft the story about it, accurately,on dead line.Student:So they don't even to look at my major?Advisor:It is not that they don't look at it… it is… well, having a degree in something otherthan journalism should actually work to your advantage.Student:How?Advisor:Most journalism specialized these days. They only write about science or business ortechnology for example. Is there a type of reporting you think you may like to specialize then?Student:Well… I think it can be really cool to cover the Supreme Court. I mean… theirdecisionaffects so many people.Advisor:That is really a goal worth striving for. So, why not continue major in political science?And as elective, you could take some Pre-Law classes like Constitution Law, and asfor you work on the student newspaper paper, maybe they let you cover some localcourt cases--- once that the student and professor here would want to read about.Student:Do you know of any？Advisor:I do. Actually, there is case involving this computer software program that one of ourprofessors wrote. The district courts decide in if the university entitle to any of ourprofessors' profits?Student:Wah…. I will definitely follow upon that!TPO 14 Lecture 3 AstronomyNarrator:Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.Professor:OK, last time we talked about ancient agricultural civilizations that observed the starsand then used those observations to keep track of the seasons. But today I want to talk about the importance of stars for early seafarers, about how the fixed patterns of stars were used as navigational aids.OK, you’ve all heard about the Vikings and their impressive navigation skills, but theseafaring people of the pacific islands, the Polynesians and the Micronesians,werequite possibly the world’s greatest navigators. Long before the development of, uh,advanced navigational tools in Europe, pacific islanders were travelling from NewZealand to Hawaii and back again, using nothing but the stars as their navigationalinstruments.Um, the key to the pacific islanders’ success was probably their location near the equator. What that meant was that the sky could be partitioned, divided up, much more symmetrically than it could farther away from the equator. Unlike the Vikings,early observers of the stars in Polynesia or really anywhere along the equator wouldfeel that they were at the very center of things, with the skies to the north and the skies to the south behaving identically, they could see stars going straight up in theeast and straight down in the west. So it was easier to discern the order in the sky than farther north or farther south, where everything would seem more chaotic.Take the case of the Gilbert Islands, they are part of Polynesia, and lie very close tothe equator. And the people there were able to divide the sky into symmetrical boxes,according to the main directions, north, east, south and west. And they couldprecisely describe the location of a star by indicating its position in one of those imaginary boxes. And they realized that you had to know the stars in order tonavigate. In fact there was only one word for both in the Gilbert Islands, when youwanted to the star expert, you ask for a navigator.Um, islanders from all over the pacific learned to use the stars for navigation, and they passed this knowledge down from generation to generation. Some of them utilized stone structures called stone canoes, ah, and these canoes were on land, ofcourse, and you can still see them on some islands today. They were positioned as ifthey were heading in the direction of the points on the sea horizon where certain stars would appear and disappear during the night, and, um, young would-benavigators set by the stones at night and turned in different directions to memorizethe constellations they saw, so they could recognize them and navigate… by them later on when they went out to sea.One important way the Polynesians had for orienting themselves was by using zenithstars. A zenith star was a really bright star that would pass directly overhead atparticular latitude…at a particular distance from the equator, often at a latitude associate with some particular pacific island. So the Polynesians could estimate theirlatitude just by looking straight up, by observing whether a certain zenith star passeddirectly overhead at night, they’d know if they have rates the same latitude as a particular island they were trying to get to. Um, another technique used by the Po lynesians was to look for a star pair, that’s two stars that rise at the same time, orset at the same time, and navigators could use these pairs of stars as reference points,because they rise or set together only at specific latitudes. So navigators might seeone star pair setting together. And, uh…would know how far north or south of the equator they were. And if they kept on going, and the next night they saw the pairsof stars setting separately, then they would know that they were at a different degreeof latitude. So looking at rising and setting star pairs is a good technique. Um…actually it makes more sense with setting stars; they can be watched instead of tryingto guess when they’ll rise.Uh, OK, I think all this shows that navigating doesn’t re ally require fancy navigationalinstruments; the peoples of the pacific islands had such expert knowledge ofastronomy as well as navigation that they were able to navigate over vast stretches ofOpen Ocean. Uh, it's even possible that Polynesian navigators had already sailed tothe Americas, centuries before Columbus.TPO 14 Lecture 4 ArcheologyNarrator:Listen to part of the lecture in the archaeology classProfessor:When we think of large monumental structures built by early societies and Egyptianpyramid probably comes to mind. But there are some even earlier structures in theBritish Isles also worth discussing, and besides the well-known circle of massivestones of Stonehenge which don’t get me wrong is remarkable enough, well, otherimpressive Neolithic structures are found there too. Oh, yes, we are talking about theNeolithic period here, also called new Stone Age, which was the time before stonetools began to be replaced by tools made by bronze and other metals.It was about 5000 years ago, even before the first Egyptian pyramid that some of amazing Neolithic monuments---tombs, were racketed at the very size around ironedGreat Britain and costal islands nearby.I am referring particular to structures that in some cases, look like ordinary naturalhills. But we definitely build by humans, well-organized communities of human’s toenclose a chamber or room within stone walls and sometimes with a high, cleverlydesigned sealing of overlapping stones. These structures are called Passage Graves,because in the chamber, sometime several chambers in fact, could only be entered from the outside through a narrow passage way.Michael:Excuse me, professor, but you said Passage Graves. Was this just monument to honorthe dead buried there or were they designed to be used somehow by the living?Professor:Ah, yes! Good question, Michael. Besides being built as tombs, some of these Passage Graves were definitely what we might call Astronomical Calendars, with chambers they flooded with some light on the certain special days of the year, witchmust see miraculous and inspired good dealer of they really just wonder. Butresearch indicates that not just light but also the physics of sound help to enhance this religious experience.Michael:How so?Professor:Well, first the echoes. When religious leaders started chanting with echoes bouncedoff the stonewalls over and over again, it must seem like a whole chorus of other voices, spirits of God maybe join in. But even more intriguing is what physicistscalledStanding Waves. Basically, the phenomenon of Standing Waves occurs when soundwaves of the same frequency reflect off the walls and meet from opposite directions.So, the volume seems to alternate between very loud and very soft. You can stand quite near a man singing in loud voice and hardly hear him. Yet step little further away and voice is almost defining. As you move around chamber, the volume of thesound goes way up and way down, depending on where you are and these standingwaves. And often the acoustic makes it hard to identify where sounds are coming from. It is powerful voices that are speaking to you or chanting from inside your ownhead. This had to engender powerful sense of all Neolithic worshipers.And another bit of physics I played here is something called Resonance. I know physics, but well I imagine you have all below near of top empty bottles and heardsounds it makes. And you probably notice that depending on its size--- each emptybottle plays one particular music note. Or it is the physics might put it, each bottle resonates at a particular frequency. Well, that’s true of these chambers too. If you make a constant noise inside the chamber, maybe by steadily beating drum at certainrate, a particular frequency of sound will resonate. We will ring out intensely,depending on the size of chamber. In some of large chambers though, theseintensified sound may be too deep for us to hear, we can feel it. We are mysteriouslyagitated by a….but it is not a sound our ears can hear. The psychologic al effects of allthese extraordinary sounds can be profound, especially when they seem sodisconnected from human doing drumming or chanting. And there can be observablephysical effects on people too. In fact, the sounds can cause headaches, feelings ofdizziness, increase heartache, that sort of thing, you see.Anyway, what is we experience inside one of these Passage Graves clearly could befar more intense than everyday reality outside which made them very special places.But back to your question, Michael, as to whether these Graves were designed to beused by the living. Well, certainly, we have got to ask economical or calendarfunction. That seems pretty obvious, and I wanna go into more detail on that now.。
外研社《英语初级听力》第14课课文翻译
外研社《英语初级听力》第14课课文翻译Lesson FourteenSection One:Tapescript.Dialogue 1:— I want to fly to Geneva on or about the first.—I’ll just see what there is.—I want to go economy, and I’d prefer the morning.— Lufthansa Flight LH 203 leaves at 0920.— What time do I have to be there？— The coach leaves for the airport at 0815.—我想在一号或一号前后飞往日瓦。
—我来查一下有没有。
—我想要经济舱,最好早上起飞。
—汉莎航空LH 203班机早上9：20起飞。
—我什么时间到那里呢？—大巴会在8：15出发去机场。
Dialogue 2:—You must have some more chicken.—No, thanks. I’m supposed to be slimming.—Can’t I tempt you？—Well, maybe I could manage a very small piece.—你一定得多来些鸡肉—不了，。
我应当减肥了。
—我都劝不动你吗？—好吧，也许我可以吃一小块。
Dialogue 3:—I expect you could do with a cup of tea, couldn’t you？—I’d rather have a cup of coffee, if you don’t mind.— Milk andsugar？— A milky one without sugar, please.—我想你可以喝杯茶，对吗？—如果你不介意的话，我想要一杯咖啡。
—加奶和糖吗？—加奶不加糖，。
新东方英语背诵美文30篇文本
新东方英语背诵美文30篇文本【篇一：新东方英语背诵美文30篇,文本】第一篇：youth 青春第二篇： three days to see(excerpts)假如给我三天光明（节选）第三篇：companionship of books 以书为伴（节选）第四篇：if i rest, i rust 如果我休息，我就会生锈第五篇：ambition 抱负第六篇：what i have lived for 我为何而生第七篇：when love beckons you 爱的召唤第八篇：the road to success 成功之道第九篇：on meeting the celebrated 论见名人第十篇：the 50-percent theory of life 生活理论半对半第十一篇：what is your recovery rate? 你的恢复速率是多少？第十二篇：clear your mental space 清理心灵的空间第十三篇：be happy 快乐第十四篇：the goodness of life 生命的美好第十五篇：facing the enemies within 直面内在的敌人第十六篇：abundance is a life style 富足的生活方式第十七篇：human life a poem 人生如诗第十八篇：solitude 独处第十九篇：giving life meaning 给生命以意义第二十篇：relish the moment 品位现在第二十一篇：the love of beauty 爱美第二十二篇：the happy door 快乐之门第二十三篇：born to win 生而为赢第二十四篇：work and pleasure 工作和娱乐第二十五篇：mirror, mirror--what do i see镜子,镜子,告诉我第二十六篇：on motes and beams 微尘与栋梁第二十七篇：an october sunrise 十月的日出第二十八篇：to be or not to be 生存还是毁灭第二十九篇：gettysburg address 葛底斯堡演说第三十篇：first inaugural address(excerpts) 就职演讲（节选）第一篇：youth 青春youthyouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it isthe freshness of the deep springs of life.youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease.this often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. nobody grows old merely by a number of years. we grow old by deserting our ideals.years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being s heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing appetite for what s next and the joy of the game of living. in the center of your heart and my heart, there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, courage and power from man and from the infinite, so long as you are young.when your aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you vegrown old, even at 20; but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there s hope you may die young at 80.译文：青春青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。
新托福tpo14综合写作及阅读听力材料
新托福tpo14综合写作及阅读听⼒材料新托福tpo14综合写作范⽂及阅读听⼒材料 新托福tpo14综合写作材料就森林回收性砍伐的利弊进⾏了讨论。
下⾯是⼩编整理的新托福tpo14综合写作材料和范⽂，欢迎阅读! 新托福tpo14综合写作范⽂： The lecturer and the reading passage hold completely different views toward the practice of salvage logging, which is the removal of dead trees from a forest after a fire or a storm. First, the lecturer states that removing dead trees is not good for the health of a forest because it deprives it of the nutrients necessary for future tree growth, which dead trees release into the soil as they decompose. In contrast, the reading passage states that removing old trees provides more space in which new generations of fresh trees can grow more healthily. Second, the lecturer argues that some insects and birds that inhabit dead trees are beneficial for tree growth, and a few that are thought to be harmful have shown no evidence of causing significant damage to the forest. So by eliminating both harmful and beneficial birds and insects, salvage logging may cause unwanted damage to the forest in the long run. The reading, however, mentions only harmful insects and the spruce bark beetle in particular. It points out that because clearing the forest of dead trees also destroys the habitat of these harmful insects, it ensures the healthy recovery of a forest after a fire. Finally with regard to economic impact, the lecturer argues against salvage logging because the dead trees can only be salvaged at a very high cost, and the employment associated with salvage logging is often temporary and taken by non-native residents. On the other hand, the reading argues that this practice provides many industries with the wood necessary to sustain their production and offer employment opportunities to local people. 新托福tpo14综合写作阅读材料： Every year, forest fires and severe storms cause a great deal of damage to forests in the northwestern United States. One way of dealing with the aftermath of these disasters is called salvage logging, which is the practice of removing dead trees from affected areas and using the wood for lumber, plywood, and other wood products. There are several reasons why salvage logging is beneficial both to a damaged forest and to the economy. 每年，在美国西北部，森林⽕灾和⼀些严重的暴风⾬会给森林造成严重的损害。
新概念英语——新概念英语第二册30篇课文
美联英语提供：新概念英语第二册课文30篇两分钟做个小测试，看看你的英语水平/test/xiaobai.aspx?tid=16-73675-0对于高中的同学们，或者初中的同学们，更或是小学的同学们，学习英语最重要的就是将那个阶段课本中的内容全都掌握。
接下来沪江小编就为大家整理了30篇新概念英语第二册的内容。
希望接下来的内容能够对大家有所帮助。
这样就使得大家在将来学习英语的过程中能够不用带沉重的课本，直接打印出来可以轻松携带。
希望大家能够成功。
1 A private conversation 私人谈话Last weekI went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting.I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man andthe woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.'It's noneof your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'2Breakfast or lunch?早餐还是午餐?It wasSunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until st Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was darkoutside.'What aday!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was myaunt Lucy.'I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.''But I'mstill having breakfast,' I said.'What areyou doing?' she asked.'I'mhaving breakfast,' I repeated.'Dear me,'she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!'3 Pleasesend me a card 请给我寄一张明信片Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat inpublic gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book.I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards.My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and boughtthirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in myroom, but I did not write a single card!4 Anexciting trip 激动人心的旅行I havejust received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a greatnumber of different places in Australia.He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin.Fromthere, he will fly to Perth.My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this tripvery exciting.5 No wrong numbers 无错号之虞Mr.JamesScott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephonefor his newgarage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first messagefrom Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up tonow,Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messagesfrom onegarage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private'telephone'service.6 PercyButtons 珀西.巴顿斯I havejust moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.He askedme for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on hisheadand sangsongs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put apieceof cheesein his pocket and went away. Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons.He calls at every house in the street once a monthand alwaysasks for a meal and a glass of beer.7 Too late为时太晚The planewas late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expectinga valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa. A few hours earlier,someonehad toldthe police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the planearrived,some ofthe detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waitingontheairfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the CustomsHouse.While twodetectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. Totheirsurprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!8 The bestand the worst 最好的和最差的JoeSanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for 'TheNicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. BillFrith'sgarden islargerthan Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables,butJoe'sgarden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a woodenbridgeover apool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter forthe gardencompetitiontoo, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!9 A cold welcome 冷遇OnWednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the yearanda largecrowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelveintwentyminutes' time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clockstopped.The bigminute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenlysomeoneshouted. 'It's two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped!' I looked at mywatch. Itwas true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment, everybodybegan to laugh and sing.10 Not forjazz 不适于演奏爵士乐We have anold musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681.Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for alongtime. Theinstrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it wasdamaged bya visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and twoofthestrings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it.It isbeingrepaired by a friend of my father's.11 Onegood turn deserves another 礼尚往来I washaving dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony worked in a lawyer'soffice years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, buthealwaysborrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Tony saw me and came andsat at thesame table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, Iasked himto lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately.'I havenever borrowed any money from you,' Tony said, 'so now you can pay for my dinner!'12 Goodbyeand good luck 再见，一路顺风Ourneighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We'll meet him at the harbour early in themorning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail. Topsail is afamouslittle boat. It has sailed across the Atlanticmany times. Captain Alison will set outat eighto'clock, so we'll have plenty of time. We'll see his boat and then we'll saygoodbyeto him. Hewill be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in animportantrace across the Atlantic.13 TheGreenwood Boys 绿林少年TheGreenwood Boys are a group of pop singers. At present, they are visiting allpartsof thecountry. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be coming by train andmostof theyoung people in the town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow eveningthey willbe singing at the Workers' Club. The Greenwood Boys will be staying for fivedays.Duringthis time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have adifficulttime. Theywill be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions.14 Do youspeak English?你会讲英语吗?I had anamusing experience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On theway, a young man waved to me. I stopped andhe askedme for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to himinFrench andhe replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do not know anyFrench atall. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town,whenthe youngman suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you speak English?' As I soon learnt,he wasEnglishhimself!'15 Goodnews 佳音Thesecretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went intohis office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had satdown,he saidthat business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to paysuchlargesalaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come.'Mr.Harmsworth,'I said in a weak voice.'Don'tinterrupt,' he said.Then hesmiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求If youpark your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. Youwill bevery luckyif he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen.Trafficpolice aresometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on mycar:'sir, wewelcome you to our city. This is a "No Parking" area. You will enjoyyour stay hereif you payattention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.' If you receive a requestlike this, you cannot fail to obey it!17 Alwaysyoung 青春常驻My auntJennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite ofthis,she oftenappears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a newplaysoon. Thistime, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a brightreddress andlong black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socksanda bright,orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers,'Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!'18 Heoften does this 他经常干这种事!After Ihad had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chairbesidethe doorand now it wasn't there! As I was looking for it, the landlord came in.'Did youhave a good meal?" he asked.'Yes,thank you,' I answered, 'but I can't pay the bill. I haven't got my bag.' Thelandlord smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with mybag andgave it back to me.'I'm verysorry,' he said. 'My dog had taken in into the garden. He often does this!' 19 Soldout 票已售完'The playmay begin at any moment,' I said.'It mayhave begun already,' Susan answered.I hurriedto the ticket office. 'May I have two tickets please?' I asked.'I'msorry, we've sold out,' the girl said.'What apity!' Susan exclaimed.Just then,a man hurried to the ticket office.'Can Ireturn these two tickets?' he asked.'Certainly,'the girl said.I wentback to the ticket office at once.'Could Ihave those two tickets please?' I asked.'Certainly,'the girl said, 'but they're for next Wednesday's performance. Do you still wantthem?''I mightas well have them,' I said sadly.20 One manin a boat 独坐孤舟Fishing ismy favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But thisdoes notworry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch oldboots andrubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots.Afterhavingspent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'Youmustgive upfishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize oneimportantthing. I'mnot really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat anddoingnothing atall!21 Mad ornot?是不是疯了Aeroplanesare slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can beheardnight and day. The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it couldnot beused st year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have beendrivenaway from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. SometimesIthink thishouse will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sumof moneyto go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad andthey areprobably right.22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封Mydaughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own agein Holland. Last year, we were travelling acrossthe Channel and Jane put a piece of paperwith hername and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea. Sheneverthought ofit again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Bothgirlswrite to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the postoffice.Letterswill cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.23 A new house 新居I had aletter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she saidthat she wouldcome to Englandnext year. If she comes, she will get a surprise. We are nowliving ina beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before my sisterleft.The housewas completed five months ago. In my letter, I told her that she could staywithus. Thehouse has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, soit looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern house in thedistrict.24 Ifcould be worse 不幸中之万幸I enteredthe hotel manager's office and sat down. I had just lost $50 and I felt very upset. 'Ileft the money in my room,' I said, 'and it's not there now.' The manager wassympathetic,but he could do nothing. 'Everyone's losing money these days,' he said. Hestarted tocomplain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. Agirl camein and put an envelope on his desk. It contained $50. 'I found this outsidethisgentleman'sroom,' she said. 'Well,' I said to the manager, 'there is still some honesty inthisworld!'25 Do theEnglish speak English?英国人讲的是英语吗?I arrivedin London atlast. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way tomy hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, butveryclearly aswell. The porter, however, could not understand me. I repeated my questionseveraltimes and at last he understood. he answered me, but he spoke neither slowlynorclearly.'I am a foreigner,' I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understandhim. Myteachernever spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other andsmiled.Then hesaid something and I understood it. 'You'll soon learn English!' he said. Iwonder.In England, eachperson speaks a different language. The English understand each other,but Idon't understand them! Do they speak English?26 Thebest art critics 最佳艺术评论家I am anart student and I paint a lot of pictures. Many people pretend that they understandmodern art. They always tell you what a picture is 'about'. Of course, manypicturesare not 'about' anything. They are just pretty patterns. We like them in thesameway thatwe like pretty curtain material. I think that young children often appreciatemodernpictures better than anyone else. They notice more. My sister is only seven,butshe alwaystells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room yesterday.'What areyou doing?' she asked.'I'mhanging this picture on the wall,' I answered. 'It's a new one. Do you likeit?' She lookedat it critically for a moment. 'It's all right,' she said, 'but isn't it upside down?'I lookedat it again. She was right! It was!27 A wet night 雨夜Late inthe afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon asthiswas done,they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelledgood.After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the campfire. Butsome time laterit began to rain. The boys felt tired so they put out the fire and crept intotheirtent.Their sleeping bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. Inthemiddle ofthe night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water!Theyall leaptout of their sleeping bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and theyfound thata stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field andthenflowed right under their tent!28 Noparking 禁止停车JasperWhite is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. he has just bought anew house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with carsand theirowners. When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked acar outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own carintohis garageeven once. Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but thesehavenot hadany effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of theugliestfaces Ihave ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, theGorgon.jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none ofthemhas beenturned to stone yet!29 Taxi!出租汽车CaptainBen Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service. The 'taxi' isa small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'. This wonderful plane cancarrysevenpassengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere:on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. Captain Fawcett's first passengerwas adoctor who flew from Birminghamto a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Sincethen,Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. Once he landed onthe roofof a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park.CaptainFawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. The man wantedto fly toRockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean,but Captain Fawcett did not take himbecausethe trip was too dangerous.30Football or polo?足球还是水球?The Wayleis a small river that cuts across the park near my home. I like sitting by theWayle onfine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bankasusual.Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowingon theriver. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it wenttowards apassingboat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did nothear them.The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned tolook atthechildren, but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away! The manlaughed whenherealized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ballback to thebank.两分钟做个小测试，看看你的英语水平/test/xiaobai.aspx?tid=16-73675-0。
英语新闻听力教程 Unit 14 答案及文本
Unit 14 Parliament and LegislationSection A1.lower house2. Congress；legislation3. Lawmakers4. Senate; vote5.Capitol Hill; budget6. legalize; passed; by a large majority7. session8. lift the immunity 9. recessed; passed a bill 10. authorizingSection B1. Parliament in Nepal is due to reconvene in a few hours’ time for the first time since it was abolished by the king four years ago. King Gyanendra responded to the demands of the seven-party opposition alliance which forced him to restore democratic rule after three weeks of mass protests.2. The Peruvian Congress has unanimously approved a controversial bill which would grant Peru control of 35,000 square kilometers of the Pacific Ocean, an area currently controlled by neighboring Chile.3. The Mexican Congress has passed a law decriminalizing the possession of small amounts of marijuana, cocaine and heroin for personal use. The law still needs to be passed by President Fox , but the government has welcomed it, saying police will now be able to concentrate on major drugs traffickers.4. U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld is testifying before a U.S Senate committee at this hour on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Rumsfeld. Flanked by several high –level generals, told senators the recent violence in Iraq is in part a strategy by insurgents to influence public opinion in America .5. A bill designed to change U.S. immigration law has stalled in the Senate. A compromise version of the bill failed to gain enough votes to move forward. Supporters say they plan to keep trying until it passes.Key: B A D A BSection CItem 1The U.S. Senate has defied President Bush by voting overwhelmingly to strengthen the guidelines governing the treatment of prisoners in American military custody. Senators passed an amendment to the defense spending bill that would explicitly bar U.S. soldiers from torturing of maltreating detainees. They expressed the hope that the measure would repair the image of the United States after the publication of pictures of inmates at Iraq’s Abu Ghraib prison being abused. But a spokesman for president Bush, Scott McClellan, said the administration could still veto the bill .Key: 1 . D 2. A,F 3. G 4. HItem 2The U.S.Senate has opened confirmation hearings on President Bush’s choice of Judge John Roberts to be the new chief justice of the Supreme Court. In an opening statement Judge Roberts said he would make decisions based on precedent and case law.“If I am confirmed I will be vigilant to protect the independence and integrity of the Supreme Court. And I will work to ensure that it upholds the rule of law and safeguards those liberties that make this land one of endless possibilities for all Americans.”On Tuesday Judge Roberts will answer questions from in fuller detail.Task 1: F T F T TTask 2:1. opened; on; choice; new chief justice2. opening statement; precedent; case law3.confirmed; vigilant; independence and integrity; ensure; upholds; rule of law; safeguards; endless possibilitiesItem 3Congress returns to work this week following a month-long summer break. Republican lawmakers plan to focus on national defense and battling terrorism. The pre-election session is a prelude to the battle for control of Congress. The Senate begins work today on a defense spending bill and will soon work a port security measure. The House, which returns tomorrow, will work on bills legalizing military tribunals and the terrorist surveillance program. With the November elections looming and their continued control of both the House and the Senate in doubt, Republicans are taking a time-tested approach by focusing on national security issues.Key:1. National defense and battling terrorism2. The battle for control of Congress3. Today; tomorrow4. Defense spending bill. //A port security measure.5. Bills legalizing military tribunals and the terrorist surveillance program.6. Focusing on national security issues.Section DItem 1The Bush Administration has introduced a much-anticipated bill in Congress to change U.S. law so that a U.S. civilian nuclear deal with India can be implemented. The bill will amend the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 .Jean reports from Poona , India.Current law bars nuclear technology trade with countries that do not have full-scope safeguards on nuclear facilities. The conditions India must meet include a credible plan for separating civilian power plants from military facilities, cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency on safeguards for its power plants and establishing additional protocols for its civilian nuclear program. India will also support international efforts to control the spread of enrichment and reprocessing technology. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said the agreement will strengthen security in the region because the International Atomic Energy Agency will gain access to India’s civilian nuclear facilities. Critics of the deal say it could lead to a nuclear arms race in South Asia. For NPR News ,I’m Jean Parker in Ponna, India. Key:1. Bars2. full-scope3. amend4. implemented5. Conditions6. credible plan7. military facilities8. cooperation9. enrichment and reprocessing10. strengthen security 11. access 12. nuclear arms raceItem 2The U.S. Senate has approved a 31.7 billion-dollar package to fund foreign operations, including economic and political aid to countries around the world. VOA’S Debra Tate has this report from Capitol Hill.The bill funds State Department functions and international organizations, bolsters security at US. Embassies and other diplomatic facilities and seeks to strengthen public diplomacy by funding international broadcasting and educational and cultural programs. The measure provides nations, including U.S partners in the war on terrorism. The legislation provides over a billion dollars to support international peacekeeping operations. It includes money for fighting AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, for combating drug trafficking, and for promoting democracy around the world. The House of Representatives approved their version of the legislation last month. Differences in the two bills will have to be reconciled before a final measure is sent to President Bush for hi signature. Debra Tate, VOA News, Capitol Hill.Key:Task 1: B C B Task 2: T T F F FItem 3Uzbekistan’s Senate has given final approval to a government order for the withdrawal of U.S. military forces from the country. Lawmakers passed the measure today saying the base has caused environmental damage and health problems for local residents.The Upper House of Parliament also says it’s time to close theplans to terminate the basic agreement but they gave no reason for the decision to1. It has approved a government order for the withdrawal of U.S. military forces from the country.2. They say the base has caused environment damage and health problems for local residents. Moreover, the active military phase of U.S. efforts in Afghanistan has ended.3. They say it has become a security problem for Uzbekistan.4. It announced plans to terminate the basic agreement with the U.S.5. It has been critical of alleged human rights abuses in Uzbekistan. It called for an international probe into a deadly military crackdown on civilians on May 13th.。
大学英语听力教程上册unit14原文及答案
Unit FourteenPart One StatementsComplete each of the statements with what you hear and choose A or B that explains the word or phrase in bold.1. We were planning on just having a snack and catching the early train. ( A )2. She owes her present position to having worked very hard. ( B )3. Snow was blowing across the fields and piling up against walls. ( A )4. We intended to go to Australia next year if all goes well. ( A )5. The quickest way to get here is to take the uptown express. ( B )6. She insisted on telling me every single detail of what they did to her in hospital. ( A )7. They might try to take legal action against you if you break the terms of the contract. ( B )8. I'd recognize your handwriting anywhere---it's unique. ( A )9. This firm has taken over three companies this year. ( A )10. Last week, the airline cut its overseas service by half because of a sharp reduction in traffic(B)Part Two DialoguesDialogue OneImmigration and CustomsCustoms Officer: Next. Uh, your passport please.Woman: Okay.Customs Officer: Uh, what is the purpose of your visit?Woman: I'm here to attend a teaching convention for the first part of my trip, and thenI plan on touting the capital for a few days.Customs Officer: And where will you be staying?Woman: I'll be staying in a room at a hotel downtown for the entire week.Customs Officer: And uh, what do you have in your luggage?Woman: Uh, well, just, just my personal belongings um... clothes, a few books, and a CD player.Customs Officer: Okay. Uh, please open your bag.Woman: Sure.Customs Officer: Okay... Everything's fine. Uh, by the way, is this your first visit to the country.Woman: Well, yes and no. Actually, I was born here when my parents were workingin the capital many years ago, but this is my first trip back since then. Customs Officer: Well, enjoy your trip.Woman: Thanks.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.1. What is the purpose of the woman's visit? ( C )2. Where will the woman stay during her trip? ( B )3. About how long will the woman be in the country? ( C )4. What things are in the woman's luggage? ( B )5. What other piece of information do we learn about the woman? ( C )I. Listen to the dialogue again and write T for True or F for False for each statement you hear.1. The Customs officer asks the woman to tell the purpose of her visit. ( T )2. After touting the capital, the woman is going to attend a teaching convention. ( F )3. She will be staying downtown in her parents' home. ( F )4. The officer says that it is not necessary to open her bag. ( F )5. This is not her first trip to the city since she left. ( F )Dialogue TwoSightseeing in T ownMan: So, what do you want to do tomorrow?Woman: Well, let's look at this city guide here.Man: Okay.Woman: Uh, here's something interesting. Why don't we first visit the art museum in the morning?Man: Okay. I like that idea. And where do you want to eat lunch?Woman: How about going to an Indian restaurant? The guide recommends one downtown a few blocks from the museum.Man: Now that sounds great. After that, what do you think about visiting the zoo?Woman: Oh... umm.., well...Man: Well, it says here that there are some very unique animals not found anywhere else.Woman: Well, to tell the truth, I'm not really interested in going there.Man: Really?Woman: Yeah. Why don't we go shopping instead? There are supposed to be some really nice places to pick up souvenirs.Man: Nah, I don't think that's a good idea. We only have few travelers checks left, and I only have fifty dollars left in cash.Woman: No problem. We can use your credit card to pay for MY new clothes.Man: Oh, no. I remember the last time you used MY credit card for YOUR purchases.Woman: Oh well. Let's take the subway down to the seashore and walk along the beach.Man: Now that sounds like a wonderful plan.I. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.1. Where are they planning tO go in the morning? ( B )2. What kind of restaurant do they want to visit for lunch? ( C )3. Why does the man want to visit the zoo in the afternoon? ( C )4. Why does the woman want to go shopping instead? ( A )5. How do they plan to get to the seashore at the end of the conversation? ( C )II. Listen to the dialogue again and write T for True or F for False for each statement you hear.1. The woman wouldn't like to visit the art museum first. ( F )2. There is an Indian restaurant downtown a few blocks from the museum. ( T )3. Generally speaking, women wouldn't like to see wild animals in the zoo. ( F )4. The man wouldn't like to go shopping because he has not enough money with him. ( T )5. They agree to go to the seashore and walk along the beach. ( T )Dialogue ThreeSpending MoneyJoshua: Dad. Allowance Day. Can I have my allowance?Father: Oh. I forgot about that.Joshua: Y ou always forget.Father: I guess I do. How much do I owe you?Joshua: Just $13.Father: Thirteen dollars! Why do I owe you that much? Just seems that I paid you the other day. Joshua: No. Y ou forget every Saturday, and it has been piling up.Father: Well, I'm not sure if I have that much.Joshua: Go to the bank. Y ou have lots of money.Father: Lots of money, uh? Uh, well, I think the bank is closed.Joshua: Then, what about your secret money jar under your bed?Father: Oh, I guess I could do that. So, what are you going to do with the money?Joshua: I'm going to put some in savings, give some to the poor people, and use the rest to but books. Father: Well. that sounds great, Joshua.I. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.1. How much does the father owe his son in allowance? ( B )2. Why hasn't the father given his son allowance? ( A )3. When does the father usually give his son money? ( B )4. Where does the man get money to pay his son? ( A )5. Choose one thing the boy does NOT mention about how he will spend his money. ( A )II. Listen to the dialogue again and complete the following sentences with the information you hear.1. How much do I owe you?2. Why do I owe you that much? Just seems that I paid you the other day.3. Y ou forget every Saturday, and it has been piling up.4. Then, what about your secret money jar under your bed?5. So, what are you going to do with the money?Part Three PassagesPassage OneThere Are Limits, Even to FriendshipA few months ago, I moved into a very small flat after living for years with my parents. It' s thefirst time I have ever had a place of my own and I am very fond of it, despite the lack of space. I had been in the flat only for a few days when a friend phoned and practically begged me to let him stay for a while. He explained he had lost his job recently but was sure he would find another one very soon. Since I thought it would be only for a short time, I said yes.More than a month has gone by since then and my friend showed no sign of moving out. Thereare only two small rooms in the fiat, plus the small bath-room and tiny kitchen. He has more or less taken over the front room. I don't like sharing the bathroom, either. In fact, I have discovered that I just don’t like other people living in my flat!A few days ago, I decided that enough was enough and that he would have to leave. I intended to tell him that I wanted the place to myself again, but somehow he persuaded me to let him stay longer. He still hasn't found a job and can't afford to rent a room of his own. And therejust doesn't seem to be anyone else he can stay with.Of course, I d like to help him as much as possible. He is, after all, a friend! But there are limits, even to friendship. I just don't know what I' 11 do if he is there much longer.I. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hoar.1. What change took place in the speaker's life? ( A )2. Why did the friend want to stay with him? ( D )3. Why did the speaker dislike his friend staying in his fiat? ( B )4. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( D )5. What happened at last to the speaker? ( C )II, Listen to the passage again and answer the following questions.1. What did the speaker think about his friend's request?Since he said that it would be only for a short time he agreed to live with him.2. Why did the speaker like his small fiat?Because he lived with parents too long.3. What rooms are there in the fiat?Two small rooms, a small bathroom and a tiny kitchen.4. How did his friend stay with him?He has more or less taken over the front room and also shared the bathroom.5. How did the speaker want to solve the problem?As a friend, he wanted to help him, but there are limits, even to friendship. He didn't know what to do.Passage T woMake FriendsMaking friends is a skill. Like most skills, it improves with practice. If you want to meet people and make friends, you must be willing to take some action. Y ou must first go where there are people. Y ou won't make friends staying home alone.Join a club or group, talking with those who like the same things as you do is much easier. Or join someone in some activity.Many people are nervous when talking to new people. After all, meeting strangers means seeing the unknown. And it's human nature to feel a bit uncomfortable about the unknow n.Most of our fears about dealing with new people come from doubts about ourselves. We imagine other people are judging us, finding us too tall or too short, too this or too that. But don't forget that they must be feeling the same way. Try to accept yourself as you are, and try to put the other person at ease. Y ou'll both feel more comfortable.Try to act self-confidenthly even if you don't feel that way when you enter a room full of strangers, such as a new classroom, walk tall and straight, look directly at other people and smile.If you see someone you'd like to speak to, say something. Don't wait for the other person to start a conversation.Just meeting someone new does not mean that you will make friends with that person. Friend-ship is based on mutual liking and "give and take". They take time and efforts to develop. And there are things that keep a new friendship from growing.I. Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.1. What is the suggested way to make friends? ( B )2. What is easy to do to make friends? ( D )3. What is it that makes us feel nervous when talking to strangers? ( A )4. How should we deal with new people according to the author? ( C )5. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? ( D )II. Listen to the passage again and answer the following questions with Y es or No.1. Can you make friends if you stay home alone? ( No )2. Can you make friends if you avoid joining someone in some activity? ( No )3. Is it right to walk tall and straight, look at other people and smile while entering a roomfull of strangers? ( Y es )4. Is it fight that you start a conversation when you see someone you'd like to speak to?(Y es)5. Is it likely that people feel uncomfortable about the unknown? ( Y es )Passage ThreeRailways in BritainIn Britain railways are owned by the State. That means that everybody owns them---or perhaps that nobody owns them. In general train services in Britain are very good, especially on express inter-city lines. However, they are quite expensive unless you can get a reduction. The easiest way to get a reduction is to get a return ticket. If you buy a day-return (so that you go and come back on the same day) you can save 45 % of your fare. Other return tickets are available for travel at weekends or mid-week. If you cannot buy a return, you must buy a single. In Britain tickets (except some special reduced fares) are valid on all trains. It is not necessary to pay an extra fare to travel on an express.If you want to find out details of train journeys you can phone the information office at the station in most towns or a travel agent. They will tell you about reservations and whether it is necessary to change trains in your journey.Y ou must buy a ticket before you can go on to the platform at British stations. The ticket collector will want to check your ticket and will sell you a platform ticket if you do not want to travel but only want to say goodbye to a friend. Y ou must keep your ticket safe because it will be checked when you arrive, and probably during the journey as well by the guard. All trains in Britain have first and second class carriages; if you want to travel first class you have to pay about 50% extra for your ticket. There are smoking and non-smoking compartments or carriages on all trains, and most inter-city trains have buffet or restaurant cars.I, Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.1. Who owns railways in Britain? ( D )2. How are train services in Britain? ( B )3. How can people get a reduction? ( A )4. Where can you get information about reservation? ( C )5. Why do you have to keep your ticket safe during your journey? ( A )II, Listen to the passage again and answer the following questions.1. What kind of ticket makes you save 45% of your fare?A day return ticket.2. Why is it not necessary to pay an extra fare to travel on an express?Because in Britain tickets are valid on all trains.3. What do you do if you want to say a goodbye to a friend on the platform?To buy a platform ticket.4. How much do you have to pay if you want to travel first class?To pay about 50% extra for your ticket.5. On what kind of train are smoking and non-smoking compartments or carriages available?On all trains.Part Four idioms and ProverbsI. In this part, you will be presented with ten sentences. Listen carefully and write them down.1. Better be an old man's darling than a young man's slave.2. Between two stools you fall to the ground.3. The beaten road is the safest.4. Blood is thicker than water.5. A bully is always a coward.6. Burn not your house to fright the mouse away.7. Beggars must not be choosers.8. Best is cheapest.9. Busiest men find the most time.10. Better be sure than sorry.II. In this part, you will hear ten sentences. In each sentence there is one idiom that is given below. Listen and guess its meaning from the context.Script:1. Could we postpone our meeting until tomorrow? I expect to be in and out of the office mostof the day today.2. Can you help me with this problem? I've been beating my brains out with it, but I just can'tsolve it.3. I know you're worded about your job interview, but don't get bent out of shape. Y ou'll dojust fine.4. I'm really behind with my project. Can you help me? I'm afraid I bit off more than I couldchew!5. Don't say anything to Bob unless you want the whole office to know. Bob's quite ablabbermouth.6. Don't forget to bring your boom box to the picnic!7. The discussion lasted many hours. The bottom line was that the XYZ Company isn't forsale.8. I understand you have a job interview tomorrow. Break a leg!9. Joe broke his mother's heart when he dropped out of school.10. The cheapest tickets for the concert cost 25 bucks. Do you still want to go?Keys:1. be at and away from a place during a particular time2. try very hard to understand or do something3. needlessly worried about something4. take responsibility for more than one can manage5. a very talkative person---especially one who says things that should be kept secret6. portable cassette/CD player7. the most essential information8. Good luck!9. make someone feel very disappointed/discouraged/sad10. dollar(s)Part Five Exercises for HomeworkI, Short ConversationsIn this part, you will hear ten short conversations. Each of them is followed by a question. After the question, you are supposed to choose a correct answer from the four choices.1. W: Wow, your model plane is so beautiful. I guess I'm talking to the big winner.M: Oh, no. I had it made for demonstration only.Q: What can we learn about the man's model? ( C )2. W: Y our eyes look terrible, what's wrong?M: Oh, I stayed up too late last night.Q: What's the man's problem? ( A )3. M: Hi, Betty. I can see you are walking to school. What happened to your bike?W: It's being repaired.Q: What's wrong with Betty's bike? ( D )4. W: I'm not sure if John can win the game this time.M: Y es, he still has trouble with his left arm.Q: What can we infer from the conversation? ( B )5. M: Helen sang a wonderful song at the party last night.W: She is the best singer in our class.Q: What can we infer about Helen? ( B )6. W: We are to meet with our guests from Paris next week, fight?M: It's the week after the next, to be more exact.Q: What does the man mean?(A)7. W: Jack, every boy is helping me in the kitchen. Would you like to make the salad?M: I have a better idea. I'll go to the small shop to buy it instead.Q: What does the man mean? ( C )8. W: I have trouble concentrating in the morning if I don't drink a cup of coffee at breakfastM: Me, too. The only difference is that I have red tea.Q: What does the man mean? ( C )9. M: I think there won't be any tickets left.W: But if we don't try our best, we'll miss the greatest concert of the year.Q: What does the woman mean? (A)10. W: I think this T-shirt is not a very good choice.M: Y es, it's expensive. Besides, I'm sure the color will fade when you wash it.Q: What does the man mean? ( A )II. PassagesPassage OneLiving Outside LondonMany people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go into their offices, factories or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up earlier in the morning and reach home later in the evening.One benefit of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to hire. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one's own.Then, in the country one can be free from the noise and hurry of the town. Although one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night, and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likesgardens, one can spend one's spare time digging, planting, watering and doing a hundred and one other jobs which are needed in the garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has the reward of a person who has shared the secrets of nature.Some people, however, take no interest in country things; for them, happiness lies in the town, with its cinema and theatres, because of shops and busy streets, dance-halls and restaurants. Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live outside London. A walk in one of the parks and a visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want.Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.1. What is meant by living outside London and going to offices, factories or schools every day bytrain, car or bus?They have to get up earlier in the morning and reach home later in the evening.2. What can you get with the same money as you spend on a small flat in London?A little house in the country with a garden of your own.3. What are benefits of living in the country?1) be free from the noise of the town;2) sleep better at night;3) enjoy the fresh, clear air of the country;4) do some gardening.4. Why do some people take no interest in country things?For them happiness lies in the town because in the town there are cinemas and theatres,shops and streets, dance halls and restaurants.5. Generally speaking, what do city people want for the country?A walk in one of the parks and a visit to the sea every summer.Passage T woEating HabitsOur eating habits are very important for good health and a strong body. There are times when most of us like eating sweets and ice cream better than meat and rice. Sweets and ice cream are not bad for us if we eat them at the end of a meal. If we eat them before a meal, they may take away our appetite. It's important for us to eat our meal at regular time each day. When we feel worried or excited, we may not want to eat. A long time ago, in England, some judges often decided whether a man was telling truth by giving him some dry bread. If the man could not swallow the bread, it meant that he wasn't telling the truth. Though this seems strange and foolish, they thought it was an excellent way of finding out truth. A man who is worrying something has difficulty in swallowing anything dry, because he loses his appetite.Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions you hear.1. When is it good for us to eat sweets and ice cream? ( B )2. At what time shall we have our meal every day? ( A )3. What did the judges in England think if a man didn't tell the truth? ( C )4. What kind of person may not want to eat? ( D )5. What can we learn from the passage? ( A )Passage ThreeThe BullOnce upon a time two young men were spending some time in the country. One day, while taking a walk together, they crossed a large field. Suddenly a bull appeared and began to chasethem. They were naturally very much frightened. The men began to run, but the bull continued to chase them. Finally, one of the men climbed a tree and the other jumped into a large hole. Soon, however, the man who had jumped into the hole came out again. Immediately, the bull chased him back into the hole. Soon, the man came out of the hole again, and the bull chased him right back This went on for five or six times.Finally the man in the tree, who was now very angry, cried to his friend in the hole: "Y ou fool! Stay in that hole for a while. Otherwise, this bull will keep us here all day."As he jumped back into the hole again, the other man said: "That's all fight for you to stay, but there happens to be a bear in this hole."Listen to the passage and write T for True or F for False for each statement you hear.1. One day, two young men were taking a walk in a large field. ( T )2. When the bull appeared and began to chase them, they all jumped into a hole. ( F )3. When the man came out of the hole, the bull stopped chasing him. ( F )4. The man jumped in and out of the hole at most three times. ( F )5. The man jumped out again and again, because there was a bear in the hole. ( T )III. A Story for RetellingHere is a funny story. Listen and retell it.A Math ProblemThere was once a millionaire who loved money more than anything else in the world. He didn't know exactly how much he had. So he took on a little girl to count all his money for him.It took the little girl six days to count all the money. When she told the millionaire that he had forty- two million dollars, he was wild with joy and asked, "How much pay do you want?" He thought that because she was only a child, he could cheat her into taking a very small amount.The little girl said, "Well, I worked for six days, so I think you ought to pay me for six days Give me two pennies for the first day. Each day after that, just give me the amount you gave me the day before, multiplied by itself'.The millionaire thought that in this way he would only have to give her a very few dollars. What a foolish little girl! So he immediately had his lawyer write up a contract, fearing that she would change her mind.On the first day, the millionaire paid her two pennies, and on the second day, two pennies times two pennies, four pennies. Each day after that, he gave her the number of pennies he had given her the day before, multiplied by itself. And by the sixth day, the foolish millionaire had to give the clever little girl all his money.How is it that the little girl could have all the greedy millionaire’s money? If you’re interested in it, you may try to work out this math problem.。
托福听力TPO14原文Lecture1
托福听力TPO14原文Lecture1托福听力TPO14原文Lecture1下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO14原文中Lecture1的文本内容吧，大家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，同时，大家也可以登录前程百利论坛进行TPO练习辅导，希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。
TPO14Lecture1PsychologyProfessor：We’ve said that the term“Cognition”refers to mental states like:knowing and believing,and to mental processes that we use to arrive at those states.So for example, reasoning is a cognitive process,so it’s perception.We use information that we perceive through our senses to help us make decisions to arrive at beliefs and so on.And then there are memory and imagination which relate to the knowledge of things that happen in the past and may happen in the future.So perceiving,remembering,imagining are all internal mental processes that lead to knowing or believing.Yet,each of these processes has limitations, and can lead us to hold mistaken believes or make false predictions.T ake memory for example, maybe you have heard of studies in which people hear a list of related words.Ah…,let`s say a list of different kinds of fruit.After hearing this list,they are presented with several additional words.In this case,we`ll say the additional words were“blanket”and“cheery”.Neither of these words was on the original list,and,well,people will claim correctly that“blanket”was not on the original list,they’ll also claim incorrectly that the word“cheery”was on the list.Most people are convinced they heard the word “cheery”on the original list.Why do they make such a simple mistake?Well,we thinkbecause the words on the list were so closely related,the brain stored only the gist of what they heard.For example,that all the items on the list were types of the fruit.When we tap our memory,our brains often fill in details and quite of ten these details are actually false. We also see this“fill-in”phenomenon with perception.Perception is the faculty that allows us to process information in the present as we take it via our senses.Again,studies have shown that people will fill in information that they thought they perceived even when they didn`t.For example,experiments have been done where a person hears a sentence,but itis missing the word,that logically completes it.They’ll claim to hear that word even though it was never said.So if I were to say…er…the sunrise is in the…and then fill to complete the sentence,people will often claim to have heard the word“east”.In cognitive psychology,we have a phrase for this kind of inaccurate“filling in of details”---it’s called:A Blind Spot.The term originally refers to the place in our eyes where the optic nerve connects the back of the eye to the brain.There are no photo receptors in the area where the nerve connects to the eye.So that particular area of the eye is incapable of detecting images.It p roduces“A Blind Spot”in our field vision.We are unaware of it, because the brain fills in what it thinks belongs in its image,so the picture always appears complete to us.But the term“blind spot”has also taken on a more general meaning---it refers to people being unaware of a bias that may affect their judgment about the subject. And the same“blind-spot phenomenon”that affects memory and perception also affects imagination.Imagination is a faculty that some people use to anticipate future events in their lives.But the ease with which weimagine details can lead to unrealistic expectations and can bias our decisions.So…er…Peter,suppose I ask you to image a lunch salad,no problem,right?But I bet you imagine specific ingredients.Did yours have tomatoes,Onion,Lettuce?mine did?Our brains fill in all sorts of details that might not be part of other people’s image of a salad,which could lead to disappointment for us.If the next time we order a salad in a restaurant,we have our imagined salad in mind,that’s not necessarily what we’ll get on our plate.The problem is not that we imagine things,but that we assume what we’ve imagined is accurate.We should be aware that our imagination has this built-in feature, the blind spot,which makes our predictions fall short of reality.《心理学》教授：我们已经说过，“认知力”指的是这样的精神状态：熟悉某事并相信它确实存在，精神层面上我们曾经达到这样的状态。
30篇短文搞定中考英语2000单词
30篇短文搞定中考英语2000单词【第一篇】 HistoryHistory is the study of past events. It helps us understand how societies have developed over time. By learning about history, we can gain insight into the decisions and actions that have shaped the world we live in today. Studying history is not just about memorizing dates and facts, but rather about analyzing and interpreting the past to make meaningful connections to the present.The study of history allows us to learn from the successes and failures of those who came before us. It provides us with a perspective on human behavior and decision-making, and helps us develop critical thinking skills. History also helps us appreciate cultural diversity and understand the impact of historical events on different societies.In conclusion, studying history is essential for a well-rounded education. It helps us understand the world we live in and provides us with valuable lessons from the past.【第二篇】 EnvironmentThe environment refers to the natural world around us, including the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the land we live on. It is essential for the survival and well-being of all living organisms, including humans. However, with increasing industrialization and urbanization, the environment is facing numerous challenges, such as pollution and deforestation.It is crucial for us to take care of the environment and protect it for future generations. This can be done through sustainable practices, such as recycling, conserving energy, and using renewable resources. We should also be mindful of our own impact on the environment and make choices that minimize harm.In conclusion, the environment is a precious resource that we need to preserve. By taking small steps in our daily lives, we can make a significant difference in protecting the environment for ourselves and future generations.【第三篇】 TechnologyTechnology has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate. From the invention of the wheel to the development of the internet, technology has brought about significant changes in every aspect of our lives. It has made tasks easier and more efficient, and opened up new opportunities for innovation and collaboration.However, technology also presents challenges and concerns. With the increased reliance on technology, there are issues such as privacy, cybersecurity, and the digital divide. It is crucial for us to use technology responsibly and ethically, and to be aware of its potential negative impact on society.In conclusion, technology is a powerful tool that has shaped our world. It is essential for us to embrace technological advancements while also being mindful of its potential consequences.【第四篇】 EducationEducation is the key to unlocking one's full potential and shaping a better future. It provides individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary to navigate the complexities of the modern world. Education is not just about acquiring information, but also about developing critical thinking skills, creativity, and a sense of curiosity.A high-quality education system is essential for the development of a society. It promotes social mobility, reduces inequalities, and fosters economic growth. It is crucial for governments to prioritize education and invest in the training and development of teachers.In conclusion, education is a fundamental right that should be accessible to all. It is the foundation upon which individuals and societies thrive.【第五篇】 HealthHealth is the state of physical, mental, and social well-being. It is a fundamental human right and a key aspect of a person's overall quality of life. Good health is not just the absence of illness, but also the presence of positive physical and mental well-being.It is important to take care of our health through regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate sleep. Regular check-ups and screenings can help prevent and detect health conditions at an early stage. It is also essential to prioritize mental health and seek support when needed.In conclusion, maintaining good health is essential for a happy and fulfilling life. Taking proactive steps to care for our physical and mental well-being can greatly improve our overall quality of life.【第六篇】 FriendshipFriendship is a bond between two or more people based on mutual affection, trust, and support. It is an essential part of human life and plays a significant role in our happiness and well-being. Friends provide emotional support, companionship, and can help us navigate through the ups and downs of life.Building and maintaining friendships require effort and communication. It is important to be a good listener, be reliable and dependable, and show empathy towards friends. In return, friendships can bring joy, laughter, and a sense of belonging.In conclusion, cultivating and nurturing friendships is important for our overall well-being. Good friends enrich our lives and make the journey through life more enjoyable.【第七篇】 TravelTravel is an enriching experience that broadens our horizons and exposes us to new cultures, perspectives, and landscapes. It allows us to break out of our comfort zones and gain a deeper understanding of the world around us. Whether it is exploring a new city or immersing ourselves in a different culture, travel has the power to transform us.Traveling provides opportunities for personal growth and self-discovery. It allows us to step outside of our daily routines and embrace new experiences. It can also foster cultural exchange and promote understanding and tolerance.In conclusion, travel is a valuable and transformative experience. It allows us to learn and grow, and opens our minds to new possibilities.【第八篇】 HappinessHappiness is a state of well-being and contentment. It is the feeling of joy, satisfaction, and fulfillment in life. While happiness means different things to different people, it is generally associated with positive emotions, meaningful relationships, and a sense of purpose.Achieving happiness requires cultivating positive habits and attitudes. It is important to practice gratitude, engage in activities that bring joy, and foster healthy relationships. Taking care of our physical and mental well-being is also crucial for overall happiness.In conclusion, happiness is a goal that we all strive for. By prioritizing our well-being and nurturing positive relationships, we can increase our overall happiness and lead more fulfilling lives.【第九篇】 SuccessSuccess is the achievement of a desired goal or outcome. It is often associated with accomplishments in areas such as career, education, and personal development. While success is subjective and varies from person to person, it generally involves setting goals, working hard, and overcoming obstacles.However, success should not be solely defined by external achievements. True success lies in finding fulfillment and meaning in what we do, and being content with who we are. It is important to have a balance between ambition and personal well-being.In conclusion, success is a multifaceted concept that goes beyond material achievements. It involves continuous growth, self-fulfillment, and living a life in alignment with our values and passions.【第十篇】 CommunicationCommunication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, and emotions between individuals or groups. It is a fundamental aspect of human interaction and plays a vital role in our personal and professional lives. Good communication skills are essential for building relationships, resolving conflicts, and collaborating effectively.Effective communication involves both speaking and listening. It requires clarity, empathy, and open-mindedness. By improving our communication skills, we can enhance our personal and professional relationships and avoid misunderstandings.In conclusion, communication is the key to successful relationships and collaborations. By developing strong communication skills, we can connect with others on a deeper level and foster understanding.【第十一篇】 KindnessKindness is the act of being friendly, generous, and considerate towards others. It is a virtue that promotes empathy, compassion, and goodwill. Being kind not only benefits others but also enhances our own well-being and happiness.Acts of kindness can take many forms, from simple gestures like holding the door for someone, to more profound acts of generosity. Smallacts of kindness can have a big impact on individuals and can contribute to creating a more compassionate and caring society.In conclusion, kindness has the power to uplift and transform both individuals and communities. By practicing kindness in our everyday lives, we can make the world a better place.【第十二篇】 DiversityDiversity refers to the variety and differences that exist among individuals or groups. It encompasses differences in race, ethnicity, gender, religion, sexuality, and many other aspects of identity. Embracing diversity is essential for creating inclusive and equitable societies.Diversity brings a range of perspectives, ideas, and experiences that enrich our communities and organizations. It fosters creativity, innovation, and problem-solving. By valuing diversity, we can build stronger and more resilient societies.In conclusion, diversity is a strength that should be celebrated and embraced. By creating inclusive spaces and promoting equal opportunities, we can ensure that everyone's voice is heard and respected.【第十三篇】 ResilienceResilience is the ability to bounce back from adversity, challenges, and setbacks. It is a quality that allows individuals to adapt, recover, and thrive in the face of difficult circumstances. Resilience is not about avoiding hardship, but rather about developing the inner strength and resources to overcome it.Building resilience involves cultivating a positive mindset, developing coping mechanisms, and seeking support when needed. It is about learning from failures and using them as opportunities for growth. Resilience is a skill that can be developed and strengthened over time.In conclusion, resilience is a valuable asset that helps us navigate through life's challenges. By developing resilience, we can overcome obstacles and emerge stronger and more resilient.【第十四篇】 EmpathyEmpathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. It is a key component of emotional intelligence and plays a crucial role in building healthy relationships and fostering understanding. Empathy helps us connect with others on a deeper level and promotes compassion and kindness.Cultivating empathy involves active listening, perspective-taking, and putting ourselves in others' shoes. It requires us to be present and attuned to the emotions and experiences of others. By practicing empathy, we can promote understanding and create a more compassionate world.In conclusion, empathy is a powerful force that brings people together and promotes understanding. By cultivating empathy, we can foster more meaningful connections and create a more inclusive and compassionate society.【第十五篇】 CreativityCreativity is the ability to think and express oneself in original and innovative ways. It involves using imagination, curiosity, and problem-solving skills to generate new ideas and solutions. Creativity is not limited to the arts, but can be applied to any field or area of life.Cultivating creativity requires an open mind, a willingness to take risks, and a commitment to continuous learning. It involves embracing failure as a learning opportunity and challenging conventional wisdom. By nurturing creativity, we can unlock our full potential and make a positive impact.In conclusion, creativity is a powerful tool that drives innovation and progress. By embracing our own creativity and encouraging it in others, we can create a more vibrant and dynamic world.【第十六篇】 GratitudeGratitude is the practice of acknowledging and appreciating the things we have in life. It involves recognizing the positive aspects of our lives and expressing thanks for them. Cultivating gratitude can bring about numerous benefits, including increased happiness, improved relationships, and better mental health.Practicing gratitude involves regularly reflecting on the things we are thankful for and expressing appreciation to others. It is about cultivating a mindset of abundance and focusing on what we have, rather than what we lack. By practicing gratitude, we can enhance our overall well-being and happiness.In conclusion, gratitude is a powerful practice that can transform our lives. By cultivating gratitude, we can find joy and fulfillment in even the smallest things and create a positive mindset.【第十七篇】 PatiencePatience is the ability to wait calmly for something or to endure a challenging situation without becoming frustrated or upset. It is a valuable virtue that helps us navigate through life's uncertainties and setbacks. Patience allows us to approach situations with a level-headedness and resilience.Cultivating patience involves developing self-control, being mindfulof our emotions, and practicing acceptance. It is about recognizing that some things are beyond our control and learning to let go. By cultivating patience, we can reduce stress and increase our capacity for understanding and compassion.In conclusion, patience is a virtue that can greatly improve our well-being and relationships. By practicing patience, we can navigate throughlife's challenges with grace and resilience.【第十八篇】 IntegrityIntegrity is the quality of being honest, ethical, and having strong moral principles. It involves acting in accordance with one's values and consistently doing the right thing, even when no one is watching. Integrity builds trust, fosters respect, and forms the foundation of strong relationships.Cultivating integrity involves being self-aware, making ethical choices, and taking responsibility for one's actions. It is about aligning our words with our actions and treating others with fairness and honesty. By practicing integrity, we can create a positive impact in our own lives and the lives of others.In conclusion, integrity is a cornerstone of personal and professional success. By cultivating integrity, we can build trust and credibility, and make a positive difference in the world.【第十九篇】 CuriosityCuriosity is the desire to learn, explore, and discover new things. It is an essential trait that drives scientific inquiry, innovation, and personal growth. Curiosity allows us to expand our knowledge, question the status quo, and embrace new possibilities.Cultivating curiosity involves being open-minded, asking questions, and seeking out new experiences. It requires a willingness to step outside of our comfort zones and challenge our own beliefs. By nurturing curiosity, we can continue to learn and grow throughout our lives.In conclusion, curiosity is a powerful force that fuels discovery and progress. By embracing our natural curiosity and encouraging it in others, we can create a more curious and enlightened world.【第二十篇】 MindfulnessMindfulness is the practice of being fully present and aware of one's thoughts, feelings, and sensations in the present moment, without judgment. It involves paying attention to the present moment and cultivating a sense of calm and clarity. Mindfulness has been shown to reduce stress, improve mental health, and enhance overall well-being.Cultivating mindfulness involves practicing meditation, deep breathing, and focusing on the present moment. It is about slowing down, becoming aware of one's thoughts and emotions, and choosing how torespond. By practicing mindfulness, we can cultivate a sense of peace and reduce the impact of stress in our lives.In conclusion, mindfulness is a powerful practice that can enhance our overall well-being and quality of life. By cultivating mindfulness, we can find greater peace, clarity, and joy in our daily lives.【第二十一篇】 ResponsibilityResponsibility is the state of being accountable for one's actions and obligations. It is the willingness to take ownership and fulfill one's duties. Responsibility is an essential trait that helps us navigate through life and contribute to the well-being of ourselves and others.Cultivating responsibility involves being reliable, following through on commitments, and taking proactive actions. It is about recognizing the impact of our choices and taking steps to make positive contributions. By embracing responsibility, we can build trust, integrity, and resilience.In conclusion, responsibility is a fundamental aspect of personal growth and maturity. By cultivating responsibility, we can become more effective individuals and make a positive impact in our communities and the world.【第二十二篇】 CompassionCompassion is the ability to empathize with and feel concern for the suffering of others. It is a fundamental aspect of human nature and plays a crucial role in building caring and inclusive societies. Compassion promotes empathy, understanding, and kindness towards others.Cultivating compassion involves practicing empathy, showing kindness, and taking actions to alleviate the suffering of others. It requires us to be present with the pain and struggles of others without judgment or expectation. By practicing compassion, we can create a more empathetic and compassionate world.In conclusion, compassion is a powerful force that can transform individuals and communities. By cultivating compassion, we can contribute to the well-being and happiness of others, as well as our own.【第二十三篇】 AdaptabilityAdaptability is the ability to adjust to new conditions or changes in one's environment. It involves being flexible, open-minded, and willing to learn. Adaptability is essential in a rapidly changing world, as it allows individuals to thrive in new situations and embrace new opportunities.Cultivating adaptability involves embracing change, being willing to learn and unlearn, and being open to new ideas. It requires resilience and the ability to think creatively and problem-solve in unfamiliar scenarios. By developing adaptability, we can navigate through uncertainty and embrace growth and transformation.In conclusion, adaptability is a valuable skill that can help us thrive in an ever-changing world. By cultivating adaptability, we can embrace new challenges and opportunities with confidence and resilience.【第二十四篇】 OptimismOptimism is the belief that the future holds positive possibilities and outcomes. It involves having a positive attitude and outlook, even in the faceof challenges and setbacks. Optimism is an essential trait that promotes resilience, happiness, and overall well-being.Cultivating optimism involves focusing on the positive aspects of life, practicing gratitude, and reframing negative experiences. It is about having faith in one's abilities and believing in the potential for growth and success. By cultivating optimism, we can overcome obstacles and approach life with a sense of hope and positivity.In conclusion, optimism is a powerful mindset that can transform our lives. By cultivating optimism, we can enhance our overall well-being and navigate through life's challenges with grace and resilience.【第二十五篇】 Time ManagementTime management is the process of organizing and planning how to divide one's time between specific activities and tasks. It involves setting goals, prioritizing tasks, and making efficient use of available time. Effective time management allows individuals to be more productive, reduce stress, and achieve their desired outcomes.Cultivating time management skills involves creating schedules, breaking tasks into smaller manageable steps, and eliminating distractions. It requires self。
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Lesson30Gravitation万有引力Gravitation is a very important force in the universe.万有引力是宇宙中一个非常重要的力。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.每个物体都有引力，就像磁力一样。
But,unlike magnetism,gravitation is not found only in iron and steel.但与磁性不同的是，万有引力不仅仅在刚和铁中被发现。
It is in every object large or small;它存在于每个物体当中，无论这物体是大是小。
but large objects,such as the earth;have a stronger pull than small ones.但大的物体，比如地球，比小的物体有更强的引力。
Sir Isaac Newton,the great scientist of the seventeenth century,first studied gravitation.艾萨克·牛顿爵士,17世纪的伟大的科学家,第一个研究了引力。
When he was a boy,he often saw apples falling to the ground.当他还是个孩子的时候，他经常看到苹果掉到地上。
He wondered why they did not fly up into the sky.他和奇怪为什么它们没有飞到天上去。
According to the law which he later produced,everything in the universe attractseverything else towards itself.根据他后来制定的定律，宇宙中所有的物体使其他所有的物体对它有吸引。
The sun attracts the earth and the earth attracts the sun.太阳吸引地球，地球吸引太阳。
The earth attracts the moon and the moon the earth.地球吸引月亮，月亮吸引地球。
Although the bigger object has the stronger attraction,all objects,in fact,have some;尽管更大的物体拥有较大的吸引力，事实上，所有的物体都有吸引力。
but we do not notice the gravitational pull of a book because the pull of the earth is very much greater.但是我们没有注意到一本书的引力是因为地球的引力非常大。
Why does the earth always move round the sun,and not fly off into the cold space?为什么地球总是围绕太阳转动，而不是飞到寒冷的太空？The sun's gravitation gives the answer.太阳的引力给了答案。
The earth is always trying to move away in a straight line,but the sun is always pullingit back.地球总是试图在直线上移动，但是太阳总是把它拉回去。
So it continues orbits journey round and round the sun.所以它沿着太阳的轨道绕了一圈又一圈。
The sun is one of the stars in a galaxy in which there are about100000millions stars.太阳是在拥有100000万恒星的星系中的其中一颗。
It is not in the middle of the galaxy，but rather near one...它不在星系的中间，但是接近... These stars form a group that shape is rather like the ship watch(?)There are millions of galaxy in the universe and so there are thousands of millions of millions of suns.宇宙中拥有数以百万计的星系，所以有数以百万计的太阳。
Many astronauts believe that some of these suns have planet as other sun does.许多宇航员认为这些太阳像其他那些太阳一样拥有行星。
Gravitation is the force which holds all the atoms of a star together.万有引力是使恒星所有原子在一起的力量It holds the sun together and it holds the atoms of the earth together.它不仅使太阳的原子聚在一起，也使地球的原子聚在一起。
It holds us on the earth;if there were no gravitation,we and everything else would fly off the earth into space.它使我们能够停留在地球上，如果没有万有引力，我们和其他所有失去将会飞出地球进去太空。
Einstein produced a new law of gravitation,爱因斯坦制定了一条新的引力定律，its...other same as the result of Newton flow.这条定律在......上和牛顿定律的结果一样But in a very small and fine，Einstein's law gives different results.但是在非常微小的程度上，爱因斯坦的定律产生了不同的结果One of these is that gravitation bends light a little,其中一条是引力使光线弯曲。
but according to Newton's law,gravitation has very little effect on light.但是根据牛顿的定律，万有引力对光的影响非常小Einstein show this fact by means of mathematics and knot by experiment.爱因斯坦通过数学和实验来显示这个事实。
This result of his law move tested during and clips of the sun.（？）Usually,when the light passes the sun,we can not see it,the sun is too bright.通常,当光线经过太阳时,我们看不到它,因为太阳光线太强了。
But during their keeps,the sun's light to shut out by the moon,then we can see the light of the star.但当光线一直持续到太阳被月亮遮住时，我们就能看到恒星的光线。
The strongest who watched（？）noticed that the star appeal to changed positional a little,注意到恒星稍微改变了它的位置because of this,the stars of light was tunning for the straight light as it passed the sun,the sun's gravitation was bending the bin of light,this showed the Einstein was right.正因为如此，恒星的光经过太阳时为直线，太阳的引力使光线弯曲，这表明，爱因斯坦是正确的。
Lesson14Earthquake地震Some countries have large numbers of earthquakes.Japan is one of them.Others do not have many.一些国家有大量的地震。
日本就是其中之一，而其他的国家没很多。
For example,there are few earthquakes in Britain.例如，在英国就很少有地震。
There is often a great noise during an earthquake,the ground wide breaks.houses fall down, railway lines are broken,trees are off the lines.在地震期间，通常会有很大的噪音，地面破裂，房屋坍塌，铁路被打破，树被摧毁.....Sometimes thousands of peoples are killed in different ways,about16000were killed in1783in south...the volcano Krakatau（喀拉喀托火山）cause a terrible earthquake in1883,and35000 people were killed.有时成千上万的人以不同的方式死亡，约16000人1783年丧生于南....，喀拉喀托火山在1883年引起一场了可怕的地震，有35000人死亡。
Krakatau is a island in Indonesia.喀拉喀托火山是印尼的一个岛。
Earthquakes often happen near volcanoes，but this is not always true.地震经常发生火山附近,但并不总是这样。
The center of some are under the sea.有些地震的中心来自海底。
the bottom of the sea suddenly moves.海底水流骤然流动。