英国文学期末
英国文学期末复习资料【最新】
22、Three main trends of literature:modernism,Angry Young Men and The Theatre of the Absurd.
23、D.H Lawence:Sons and Lovers
英国文Байду номын сангаас期末复习
一、选择
1、浪漫主义时期开始的标志：the publication of the Lyrical Ballads(1798) Wordsworth.
结束：the death of Sir Walter Scott.1832
2、湖畔派诗人（Lake Poets)：Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey.
28、批判小说之父：Thackeray, Dickens
29、“冬天来了，春天还会远么”出自《The Ode to the West Wind》
二、名词解释
1、Dramatic monologue
A kind of poem in which a single fictional or historical character other thanthe poet speaks to a silent‘audience’of one or more persons. Such poems reveal not the poet‘s own thoughts but the mind of the impersonated模仿；扮演character, whose personality is revealed unwittingly; this distinguishes a dramatic monologue from a lyric, while the implied presence of an auditor distinguishes it from a soliloquy.It is a piece of spoken verse that offers great insight into the feelings of the speakers.
英国文学期末考试重点
一、english renaissance 文艺复兴1、william shakespeare 威廉。
莎士比亚Sonnets 骚体十四行诗五步抑扬格四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（Othello）、《麦克白》（Macbeth）、《李尔王》（King Lear）。
四大喜剧：《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of venice）、《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night's Dream）、《皆大欢喜》（As You Like It）、《第十二夜》（Twelfth Night）。
To be or not to be.That is a question. 生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。
（哈姆雷特）Hamlet is the greatest tragedy of his hamlet,the melancholic scholar-prince,faces the dilemma between action and mind.二、17世纪早期2、John Dunn约翰·多恩“玄学派诗人” Metaphysical poets“Song”、“devotions upon emergent occasions”紧急时刻祈祷文、“poems”诗歌“The flea”跳蚤（男主人公试图劝诱情人放弃无用的贞操观，与他及时行乐）3、jone milton 约翰。
弥尔顿英国文学巨匠“On the morning of christ’s nativity”圣诞清晨歌、“areopagitica”论出版自由“When I consider how my light is spent”(十四行诗)“Paradise lost”失乐园无韵体五步抑扬格（the story of Satan’s rebellion against God, and of the disobedience and fall of Adam and Eve. It is the only generally acknowledged epic in english literature since Beowulf.）三、复辟和十八世纪4、daniel defoe 丹尼尔。
英国文学(期末总结)
content
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
the Anglo-Saxon period The Anglo-Norman period Renaissance period The 17th Century period The 18th Century period Romantic period Romanticism Literature Victorian Age Critical Realism Literature
Chapter 5. The 18th Century period
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
The Enlightenment(reason) The rise of English novels (realistic novel) Neo-classicism Satiric literature Sentimentalism Pre-romanticism back
back
Romance
(1) Three Literary Periods (2) Arthur and his knights of the Round Table (3) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (plot; theme)
back
Renaissance period
Chapter 6.Romantic Age Literature
(1) (2) (3)
Romantic poets of the first generation Romantic poets of the second generation Novelists of the Romantic Age
英国文学期末考试-诗歌鉴赏分析部分
英国⽂学期末考试-诗歌鉴赏分析部分莎⼠⽐亚1.Sonnet 18(B1,P118)（theme：It talks about the poet’s faith in the permanence of poetry.The message is that in this world no beauty (in Nature) can stay except poetry or art; and your beauty can only last if I write it down in my poetry. Transiency of time is also the themes of Sonnet 18. Content: On the surface, the poem is a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet. To him, her beauty must be like the eternal summer, but he does not want it to fade with time. Thus the best way to preserve her beauty is to keep it in this poem. The final couplet explains that the beloved’s ―eternal summer‖ will continue as long as there are people alive to read this sonnet. Comments: Actually, the writer wanted to express his view that art can keep the beauty forever. Art not only can make people enjoy the beauty by reading it, but also be a beauty itself. Natural beauty would be knocked out with the passing of the time. Only the art brings the eternity. For the speaker, love transcends nature. The poet’s love is so powerful that even death is unable to curtail(减少) it. The speaker’s love lives on for future generations to admire through the power of the written word-through the sonnet itself.Figures of Speech:Rhetorical questioning: the 1st line, to used to create a tone of respect, and to engage the audience;Metaphor: Shakespeare opens the poem with a metaphor, comparing the woman he loves to all of the best characteristics of a summer's day and she is far more beautiful and even tempered than the most desirable summer weather; Personification:It is worth mentioning Shakespeare's use of personification here. He gives the sun an eye, a human attribute, and in the next line, a complexion.Parallelism:The final couplet, used to emphasize the message: the beauty of the subject will be immortalized by the power of his art.）2.Sonnet 29(B1,P119)(theme: The theme of Sonnet 29 is to show the importance of love which can overpower the feelings of self-hate. Content: it starts with the speaker talking about how much he dislikes his life. The speaker sites many examples of why this is how he feels. Then the speaker talks about how he by change thinks about his love and it lifts his spirits. The whole poem expresses the changes of the author's inner feelings,which are from disappoint to hopeful,from negative to positive ,from desperate to affectionate ,from self-abased to confident.Figures of Speech:Metaphors: It were used in lines 10-12. In these lines, he compares his love to the lark who sings songs to the heavens. Shakespeare uses this metaphor because he wants to show the reader how happy the thought of his true love makes him feel. Symbolizes: In the first three lines, he symbolizes that he is jealous of everything in society. He uses symbolism here because he wants the reader to know that the speaker feels like an outcast compared to the rest of society.symbolism In the eleventh line, the symbolism is that the speaker is describing his lover as a lark. He uses this symbolism because he is portraying that his lover is as lovely as a songbird singing to the heavens.Personification: It can be found in line 3. Shakespeare is giving Heaven human like characteristics, such as the ability to hear. He includes this in his sonnet because this adds to the lonesomeness the speaker is feeling, since even God will not answer his wishes.Repetition:―like him‖ and ―mans‖ in lines 6 and 7, This emphasizes that he wants to me like the other men other than remaining like himselfAlliteration(头韵): ―think, thee, then‖ in line 11Rhyme:follows pattern: abab cdcd ebeb ff, ex. ―state, fate, gate‖ and ―brings, kings‖ The use of rhyme is very common in sonnets.)弥尔顿3.On His Blindness(B1，P148）(Theme: Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best so can endure the suffering best. This sonnet is written as a result of Milton’s grief, as he lost his eye sight at his middle age.Content:Lines 1-8: Milton gets rather impatient at the thought of his blindness in the middle age. Blindness prevents him from using his poetic talent by writing something great to glorify God. In an impatient mood Milton doubts if God would be just in demanding work from a blind man like him.Lines 8-14: Milton’s attitude of doubt passes off in a moment. His inner conscience rises up with its faith in God’s justice. He realizes that God does not need man’s work by way of service to him; nor does he care whether man uses His gifts. He has a lot of angels working for him. So, patient submission to His will is the best service to Him.Figures of Speech:Alliteration: my days in this dark world and wide (line 2)Metaphor: though my soul more bent / To serve therewith my Maker (lines 3-4). The author compares his soul to his mind. Personification/Metaphor: But Patience, to prevent / That murmur, soon replies . . . (lines 8-9).Paradox: They also serve who only stand and wait.Rhyme: This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. )多恩4.Song(B1, P134)（Theme：Negative view about love. Content: The whole poem focus on the argument of whether beautiful women will be loyalty to love. In the first stanza, he use 6 impossible things to clarify his view that such women who both beautiful and loyalty do not exist in the world. In the second stanza, he describes the journey of a man who was born to strange sights and sware that there were no women true, and fair. In the last stanza, he agreed that it would be sweet if there were women true, and fair, but he won’t change his belief that there exist no women who are both true and fair. Figures of Speech: 第⼀节中⽤了imperative sentence祈使句，像在对话；metaphor将找到美丽⽽忠贞的⼥⼦⽐作第⼀节中的做那些离奇怪诞的事）5.Valediction: Forbidding Mourning: (B1,P135)（Theme:farewell and love. Content:In the first two stanzas the departure of the lovers is compared with the death of virtuous men. Then, he clarify that their love is high to the soul and the body departure cannot influence them any more. Their two souls are united into one like the gold that has excellent ductility. If souls are still two, then they will just like the compasses, separated but never really divided. At last, he asked his wife to take care of the family so that he can complete his missions without worries, just like the moving compass complete a full circle with the help of the fixed point.Figures of Speech:comparison⾼尚男⼈的死和他们的分离；Metaphor(Conceit):The two lovers are likened to the two points of a compass. The idea of the wife staying and minding the house while the husband goes away is old-fashioned now, but we can still comprehend it.Pun: Take the lines Thy firmness makes my circle just,/ And makes me end, where I begun.. Here the compass is doing two different things, and both have significance. "End where I begun" implies the finish of a circle as drawn by a compass; only through his wife's stability in the centre, Donne argues, can his circle be drawn correctly. However it also implies the closing of the compass - and Donne coming home to be with his wife.Symbolism: symbolism of gold is very important, as it is also the most precious and noble of all the metals. It is also the least reactive of all metals, which ties in with Donne's placing of the lovers above the emotional layer and makes their love difficult to destroy.Comments:Donne's basic argument was that most people's relationships are built on purely sensual things - if they are not together at all times, the relationship breaks down. I agree with him, because a real love should have no restrictions of distance or time, so long as lovers’ hearts and souls are bound to each other, there will be no reason for them to worry abouta temporary separation.）布莱德6.Songs of Innocence-The Chimney Sweeper(Theme: This poem protest the living working and conditions, and the overall treatment of youngchimney sweepers in the cities of England; also it expresses sympathy for these young chimney sweepers. Content:The first stanza tells the narrator's life story: abandoned by parents, working in thedark chimney and sleeping in dark, dirty soot. Probably it's the reflection of all the little chimney sweepers' life story. In the thir d line, the cry "'weep! 'weep! 'weep! 'weep!" is actually the child's attempt at saying "Sweep! Sweep! Sweep!", which was the c himney sweeper's street cry.The poem goes on to talk about Tom Dacre, one of the narrator's fellows in the second and third stanzas. The second stanza intr oduces Tom Dacre, who acts as a foil to the speaker. Tom is upset about his lot in life, then the narrator comforts little Tom, sha ving his curl white hair and getting bare, so that he needn't worry that his hair would get spoiled until Tom falls asleep. Here To m's family name "Dacre" is a homophone for the word "dark". In next three stanzas, the poem describes Tom's dream. He drea ms of an angel opening the coffins and freeing the sweepers. It shows the freeing of Tom and other sweeps from the oppressive lifestyle.When the angel tells Tom that ―if he’d be a good boy, He’d have God for his father and never want joy‖, he gives Tom hope that if he is good and does his job, God will be his father and bless him in the next life. Figures of Speech:symbolism,irony)7.Songs of Experience-The Chimney Sweeper(B1，P289)(Theme: This poem protest the living working and conditions, and the overall treatment of youngchimney sweepers in the cities of England; also it expresses sympathy for these young chimney sweepers.Content: In the first two lines, Blake gives us an image of an anguished child in a state of agony. In the second stanza, the child is pictured in a very more happier and playful mood. This soon changes when he decides to tell the stranger more about his parents. They are showed to be punishing their child for being so happy by "clothing in clothes of death and teaching him to sing notes of woe." It is very obvious the sweeper’s feels hate towards his parents for putting him in such sadness, but inst ead he chooses to hide it by making himself look happy and satisfied.It is clear in the last Stanza that Blake’s criticizing the Church, especially, and the state for letting a lot of these things happen. During this time many children were dying from being, either, worked to death or from malnutrition. Neither the state or the church did any thing to stop this and is obviously why Blake feels so much anger towards them. The sweeper’s parents are really no help towards their own child. This makes the reader wonder, if they are worshiping god, the source of good doings, why do they chose to ignore their own child. They would rather turn their heads the other way and instead find love at church. Figures of speech:partial tone:T he cry "'weep! 'weep! " is actually the child's attempt at saying "Sweep! Sweep! ‖,whichwas the chimney sweeper's direct cry. The use of the partial tone creates an ironic effect. It makes readers feel that the chimney children are weeping for their living and working conditions.symbolism,Contrast:In the first two lines, t he color black seems to be very important because it is used to represent sin against innocence, the color of the white snow.)8.Holy Thursday --From Songs of Innocence'(Theme: portrays unfortunate children as blessings to society and shows their gratitude towards God for all that he has done. Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, symbolismBlake tries to express an optimistic and hopeful image of innocent children singing to Christ onthe day of ascension. The poem’s rhythm is playful and childish and effectively carries out Blake’s image.In the first four lines, colorful children are marching into St Paul’s cathedral for the celebration of the ascension of Christ. From the footnote, one learns that these children are from the charity s chools in London, meaning that they are very poor and probably don’t have a family. Despite their hardships, the children are still described in a joyful, harmonic wayWith an ABAB rhyming pattern, the poem starts with a bouncing, nursery rhyme quality. The children’s problems are not an iss ue; they are still cute, innocent, and alive, like a river. The beadles that must keep the kids in order are portrayed as old and lifel ess men who have lost their childhood innocence. Even though these children are poor and homeless, they are showing hopeful ness and optimism when they go to sing the Lord’s praisesIn the next stanza, the children are again portrayed as sweet and innocent, and there is no mention of the hardships they must fa ce every other day in their life. There are a few different images that Blake gives the reader to express his idea that children are pure and free–flowing characters:Here, the children are a beautiful and vital part of the London society. They are ―flowers‖ that give pleasure to all men and wom en. Blake fails to mention that these children are a blight and burden to mankind. They are victims of a cruel and harsh world, a nd as a result, they reflect images of misery and poverty. However, in this stanza, the children are innocent lambs who have a ―r adiance all their own.‖ They are beautiful flowers and are pleasing to the entire world.In the final stanza, the children are singing to the heavens with songs of joy. They are singing the praises of the Lord to heaven on this glorious day.Here, the children are powerful and mighty and are capable of communicating with the heavens above. They believe that God tr uly loves them in spite of the fact that they are really the wretched of the earth. Even though they are penniless and homeless, the children raise their hands and sing their praise and thanks to Jesus.)9.Holy Thursday---From Songs of Experience(Theme: the condemn for the church or the god; sympathy for the poor childrenFigures of speech: contrast, irony, metaphorThis poem is negative and pessimistic and it questions the nature or existence of a God. The children are rejected and abused by society and they are exactly the opposite of the children in the first poem.This procession into the cathedral has religious intentions, but the speaker wonders how holy it is to have so many pitiful and m iserable children in a world that is so rich and prosperous. It doesn’t seem possible to him that these children are singing to the Lord out of pure happiness and thanksgivingThe speaker finds it hard to believe that these children are actually singing out praises of the Lord. He sees them so unhappy an d so poor, and yet they are thanking Jesus for all that he has done for them. The series of questions by the speaker in this stanza implies a tone of disbelief and amazement that heightens throughout the poem.In the last two stanzas, the speaker offers an explanation as to why these children are so poor and pitiful.The speaker believes that the life of the children is always dark, bleak, and bare. It will always be difficult, cold, and barren. He believes that the children are poor because they never have any sunshine or any rain. In other words, these kids don’t have the wonderful and plentiful eye of the Lord upon them. Blake believes that man could not decline into such a pitiful state if God is constantly watching over him. Throughout the ceremony, the children are praising God and all of His works. This prai se now seems very ironic since these children are not under the watchful eye of the Lord)10.The Lamb" --From Songs of Innocence(Theme: the origin of human, blessing for the human and GodContent: The poem begins with the question, ―Little Lamb, who made thee?‖ The speaker, a child, asks the lamb about its origins: how it came into being, how it acquired its particular manner of feeding, its ―clothing‖ of wool, its ―tender voice.‖ In the next stanza, the speaker attempts a riddling answer to his own question: the lamb was made by one who ―calls himself a Lamb,‖ one who resembles in his gentleness both the child and the lamb. The poem ends with the child be stowing a blessing on the lamb.Figures of speech:repetition:Repetition in the first and last couplet of each stanza makes these lines into a refrain, and helps to give the poem its song-like quality.rhetoric questionsSymbolism:The lamb symbolizes Jesus and the image of the child is also associated with Jesus.Comment:The poem is a child’s song, in the form of a question and answer. The first stanza is rural and descriptive, while the second focuses on abstract spiritual matters and contains explanatio n and analogy. The child’s question is both naive and profound. The question (―who made thee?‖) is a simple one, and yet the child is also tapping into the deep and timeless questions that all human beings have, about their own origins and the nature of cr eation. The poem’s apostrophic form contributes to the effect of naivety, since the situation of a child talking to an animal is a believable one, and not simply a literary contrivance. Yet by answering his own question, the child converts it into a rhetorical one, thus counteracting the initial spontaneous sense of the poem. The answer is presented as a puzzle or riddle, and even though it is an easy one—child’s play—this also contributes to an underlying sense of ironic knowingness or artifice in the poem. The child’s answer, however, reveals his confidence in his simple Christian faith and his innocent acceptance of its teachings.)11.The Tiger(B1,P288)(Theme:humans are incapable of fully understanding the mind of God and the mystery of his handiwork.But considering the social background of this poem, It could destroy the old system and establish a new one.Content:This poem begins with the author presents a series of questions that embodies the central problem: Who created the tiger? Or w as it Satan? Blake presents his question in Lines 3 and 4: What immortal hand or eye/ Could frame thy fearful symmetry? However, to express his bewilderment that the God who created the gentle lamb also created the terrifying tiger, he includes Satan as a possible creator while raising his rhetorical questions, the one he asks in Lines 5 and 6: In what distant deeps orskies/Burnt th e fire of thy eyes?Figures of speech:Symbolism:The tiger is symbolic of the revolutionary forces:the French people in the French Revolution to which Blake was a s upporter and it can also symbolizes evil, or the incarnation of evil.And that the lamb represents goodness, or Christ. Metaphor&alliteration:In Lines 3 and 4the author uses alliteration and metaphor to make comparison the tiger and his eyes to fi re.Symbol&Allusion:In Lines 5 and 6: In what distant deeps or skies/Burnt the fire of thy eyes? In these sentences, “Deeps” ap pears to refer to hell and “skies” refer to heaven which is the expression of symbol and Allusion.Comments:It is said that human souls have two sides: a good side, and an evil side."The Lamb" and "The Tyger," by William B lake, are both poems of deep meaning. They seem to explain both sides of human nature: the light and the dark, the yin and the yang, the good and the evil. They can also represent the transition from a child to an adult or even Heaven and Hell. "The Lamb " is a poem that is referring to the good side of the human soul, while "The Tyger" is referring to the dark side. The lamb brings to mind innocence,purity,children,or Jesus; the tiger brings to mind viciousness, cunning, danger, or death. )彭斯12.John Anderson my jo, John(B1, P294)（theme: love. Content:It’s a simple but warm poem about the commonplace feeling of a ordinary couple. The old wife recalls their encounter at their young ages and compare her husband’s young appearance with that of now. They has gone through so many years, and she blesses her husband and wishes joint happiness until their death.Figures of Speech:Metaphor/contrast: In line3 and line6, John’s locks are said to be as black as the raven when young but as white as snow now. The metaphor is so properly used, while the contrast between John’s young and aged years is also very vivid in delivering the massage of their peaceful and lasting marriage.Rhyme:Comments: This poem is very simple, but it remind me of a Chinese saying, ― I’ll take your hand and grow old with you.‖The love I dreamed of is just like this, more stability and less impulsion.）华兹华斯13.The Solitary Reaper(B2，P22)（theme：T he poet is fascinated with a Scottish peasant girl’s beautiful song.Content: Stanza 1: The poet heard a Scottish girl singing while reaping in the wheat field.Stanza 2: The poet is surprised to hear such a beautiful song in so remote aplace.Stanza 3: The poet doesn’t understand her song but knows it is about something sad. Stanza 4: The poet was so moved by her song that he could never forget it.Figures of Speech:Contrast:反衬⽤夜莺和杜鹃反衬少⼥歌声的优美Metaphor/synaesthesia：暗喻、通感声⾳在作者眼中变为有形的事物Vocative：呼语BEHOLD HER /O LISTEN，像在与⼈对话，拉近读者和说话者的距离Repetition：反复同源词反复Analogy：少⼥的歌声与夜莺和杜鹃的歌唱诗⼈与旅⼈及赫布⾥群岛Symbolism: 象征MOUNT UP THE HILL象征着⼈⽣的旅途Rhyme：iniambic tetrameter with the rhyme of ababccdd (except lines 1 & 3 In stanzas 1 and 4）Comments:⽣活中有时停下匆匆的脚步可能会有惊喜。
(完整word版)英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
一．中古英语时期♦Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language.♦The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.♦Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature.♦Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism.二．文艺复兴Renaissance♦Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world.♦It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe.♦Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. ♦This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth reigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare.♦The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe.♦Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies”is themost popular of Bacon’s 58 essays.♦Thomas More ——Utopia♦Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene相关练习♦ 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language?♦ A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene♦ C. Beowulf D. Hamlet♦ 2. _____ is the father of English poetry.♦ A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare♦ C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer♦ 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England.♦ A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer♦ C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare♦“All the world 's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”——William Shakespeare♦William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have meaning beyond the time and place of his plays. His four tragedies are Hamlet(《哈姆雷特》), Othello(《奥赛罗》), King Lear(《李尔王》) and Macbeth(《麦克白》).♦Shakespeare’s sonnets, 154 in number, are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings; Sonnet 18 deserves its fame because it is one of the mostbeautifully written verses in the English language♦诗选♦Sonnet 18♦Shall I compare thee to a Summer’s day?♦Thou art more lovely and more temperate.♦Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,♦And Summer’s lease hath all too short a date.♦（我怎能将你与夏日相比? /你比它更温和可爱：/动人的花蕾在五月咆哮的风中颤抖，/夏日的美好时光也绝不长久：）♦Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,♦And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;♦And every fair from fair sometime declines,♦By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimm’d;♦（太阳的金色光芒虽然耀眼，/却常常以灰暗的面貌出现；/再美貌的物什都逃不过凋谢，/命运流转或无意间将其拆解；）♦But thy eternal Summer shall not fade,♦Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st♦Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,♦When in eternal line to time thou grow’st.♦So long as men can breath or eyes can see,♦So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.♦（可你如夏日般不会褪色, /你的美貌也将永存; /死神无法夸耀你曾在它的阴影中游荡, /伴随永恒的诗篇你将留存。
英国文学期末考试试题大三
英国文学期末考试试题大三### 英国文学期末考试试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪位作家是英国浪漫主义文学的代表人物？A. 莎士比亚B. 简·奥斯汀C. 乔治·奥威尔D. 威廉·华兹华斯2. 托马斯·哈代的《德伯家的苔丝》中，苔丝的悲剧命运主要反映了哪种社会问题？A. 阶级冲突B. 性别歧视C. 宗教信仰D. 个人命运3. 英国文学中的“黑色幽默”主要体现在哪位作家的作品中？A. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫B. 乔治·奥威尔C. 约瑟夫·海勒D. 威廉·戈尔丁4. 以下哪部作品不是查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作？A. 《雾都孤儿》B. 《双城记》C. 《傲慢与偏见》D. 《大卫·科波菲尔》5. 英国文学中的“现代主义”运动，主要受到哪位哲学家的影响？A. 弗里德里希·尼采B. 亚瑟·叔本华C. 格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔D. 伊曼努尔·康德二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）6. 简述《简·爱》中简·爱的性格特点及其对女性独立精神的体现。
7. 描述《荒原》中T.S.艾略特对现代文明的批判及其文学手法。
8. 论述《乌托邦》对后世理想社会构想的影响及其在文学史上的地位。
三、论述题（每题25分，共50分）9. 以《呼啸山庄》为例，分析艾米莉·勃朗特如何通过人物关系和情节发展来探讨爱与恨的主题。
10. 探讨《1984》中乔治·奥威尔对极权主义社会的描绘及其对个人自由的威胁。
四、作文题（共30分）11. 选择一部你感兴趣的英国文学作品，从文学、社会、心理等角度出发，写一篇不少于1000字的论文，分析该作品的主题、人物、结构和语言风格。
注意：- 请在答题纸上标明题号，确保答案清晰可读。
- 选择题请用2B铅笔填涂答题卡。
英国文学期末复习资料
1,Old English Literature (A.D.600-about A.D.1100)Poetry:Beowulf 《贝尔伍夫》: the author is unknown （Secular literature世俗文学）1, Hrothgar胡鲁斯加王, King of the Danes, and Beowulf, a brave young man,2, the first great English literary work, the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds years, was written down in the 10th century, Features:1, Each half line has two main beats.2,There is no rhyme. Instead, each half line is joined to the other by alliteration头韵. 3,Things are described indirectly and in combinations of words.4, As is known, the Anglo-Saxons were Christianized by the end of the 7th century. Major themes:1.This epic presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world represented by Grendel, his mother and the fire-breathing dragon under the wise and mighty leader.2.The poem conveys a hope that the righteous will triumph over the evil. Beowulf stands for all that is good, brave and proper, while the monsters stand for evil. Prose:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史1,written under the encouragement and supervision of King Alfred the Great (849-899)阿尔弗雷德大帝2,an early history of the country which begins with Caesar’s conquest凯撒征服and is a monument不朽的作品of Old English Prose.Aelfric埃尔弗里克（mostly religious)：His prose style is the best in Old English. And he uses alliteration头韵to join his sentences together.2，Middle English Literature (from about 1100 to about 1500) Norman Conquest(1066): the English VS the Norman armies place:near Hastings黑斯廷斯Result: the leader of English, Harold, was killed, English lost decisive battle William, the Conqueror, became the King of England1. Politically, a feudalist system封建制度was established in England.（feudalism）2. Religiously, the Roman Catholic Church had a much stronger control over the country.3. Great changes took place in the English language.4. The conquest opened up England to the whole European continent, so that with the introduction of the culture and literature of France, Italy and other European countries a fresh wave of Mediterranean civilization came into England.Three languages co-existed in England during this period.：French (the official language): King, Norman lordsLatin (the principal tongue of church affairs): clergymen and scholarsEnglish: common peopleGreat events in this period:The Hundred Years’ War(1337-1453)英法百年战争The Black Death(1348-1350) 黑死病Literature：strongly reflects the principles of the medieval中世纪Christian doctrines基督教教义, which are primarily concerned with the issue of personal salvation自我拯救.The romance传奇文学;Geoffrey of Monmouth蒙茅斯的杰弗里：英国历史学家History of the Kings of Britain (in Latin Prose)(不列颠诸王记)Layamon莱亚门：英国诗人Brut《布鲁特》Thomas Malory马洛礼：Mort D’Arthur(in English prose)《亚瑟王之死》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight（anonymous匿名的，无名的, in English verse)《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》Major themes of 《高文。
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)country and her patronage of the arts led to a flourishing of literature。
including the works of William Shakespeare。
her Marlowe。
and Ben Jonson.一．中古英语时期XXX in the English language and is XXX of Anglo-Saxon literature。
It is also the oldest surviving epic in the English language。
During the medieval d。
XXX Chaucer。
one of the greatest English poets。
is known for his masterpiece。
The Canterbury Tales。
XXX.二．文艺复兴RenaissanceXXX Renaissance refers to the d een the 14th and mid-17th centuries。
It XXX to the modern world and began in Italy with the flourishing of painting。
sculpture。
and literature before spreading to the rest of Europe。
Humanism was the essence of the Renaissance。
emphasizing that man is the measure of all things。
This d was England's Golden XXX。
with Queen Elizabeth'spatronage of the arts leading to a flourishing of literature。
英国文学作品选读期末考试卷
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英国文学选读考试题英国文学选读英国文学史及选读英国文学选读论文英国文学选读ppt英国文学选读试题英国文学选读试卷英国文学选读答案英国文学作品选读英国文学史选读
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英国文学期末考试总结
英国文学期末考试总结Part 1单选.1. old English period 作家的写作特点(alliteration, frequent use of kenning ?)2. The Period of Anglo-Saxon is AD450-1066.3. Alexander PopeWhy can’t he get formal education? (他是Catholicism，disable, )He belongs to Scriblerus Club （涂鸦社）. He lives in enlightenment（英国启蒙运动时期古典主义诗人）主要代表作：An Essay on Criticism; Essay on Man; The Rape of the lock;The Dunciad.4. CharlesDickensFirst novel: Oliver TwistTale of 2 cities 描述了：This is a novel telling about individual destinies ina gigantic and turbulent social change like the French Revolution.5. Daniel DefoeHe is a father of English novel for Robinson CrusoeHe was arrested because wrote sth against Tory(本来是在Tory 党工作，但他政治上偏向Whig)6. Emma 嫁给了Mr George Knightley（不是John Knightley）Jane Austen第一部小说的nickname是A ladyShe usually writes about young girls dilemma in love and marriage. Characters in her novel(小说中的女主角均追求与男子思想感情的平等交流与沟通，要求社会地位上的平等权利，坚持独立观察、分析和选择男子的自由。
英国文学期末
I. Multiple Choice – 2 points eachIII. Literary Terms – 4 points eachAllegory (寓言p64)is a literary device that uses symbols, characters, and actions to represent truths about human existence. When these symbols, characters, or actions are used together, it creates an extended comparison that gives a message about the real world. Pilgrim’s Progress is an example.是一种文学手段，它使用符号、人物和行为来代表关于人类存在的真理。
当这些符号、字符或动作一起使用时，它会创建一个扩展的比较，提供关于真实世界的信息。
《天路历程》就是一个例子。
Sonnet (十四行诗 p27)A 14-line poem with a definite rhyme scheme and meter. Shakespeare wrote 154 of these kinds of poems.一首十四行诗，有明确的韵脚和韵律。
莎士比亚写了154首这样的诗。
Soliloquy (独白)An extended speech by one person that reveals their inner thoughts, feelings, or intentions. The character is usually alone, and the purpose is to reveal inner thoughts to the audience.一个人的演说，揭示他们内心的想法、感情或意图。
英国文学期末考试
Ⅰ. Author of each item 10’1. William Wordsworth (he ushered in the English romantic movement with the publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 in collaboration with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)①She Dwelt Among Untrodden Ways②I Travelled Among Unknown Men③I Wander Lonely as a Cloud④Sonnet: Composed Upon Westminster Bridge⑤Sonnet: London⑥The Solitary Reaper2. George Gordon, Lord Byron(great contribution is Byronic Hero)①When We Two Parted②She Walks in BEAUTY③Sonnet on Chillon④Childe Harold's Pilgrimage⑤Don Juan⑥Hours of Idleness (his first collection of poems)3. Percy Bysshe Shelley (the finest lyric poets in the English language)①Ozymandias②A Song :"Men of England"③Ode to the West Wind④The Cloud⑤To a Sky-Lark4. John Keats (remarkable master of lyrical poetry; a writer of "pure poetry"; a sort of "art for art's sake")①On First Looking into Chapman's Homer②Ode to a Nightingale③Ode on a Grecian Urn④To Autumn⑤Bright Star5. Walter Scott (historical novelist in England Romantic Period; Scott paves the way to realism and marks the transition from romanticism to realism )①Ivanhoe②Rob Roy6. Jane Austen (the feature of realism)①Pride and Prejudice (mainly tell us the love story between a rich, proud young man Darcy and the beautiful and intelligent Elizabeth Bennet.)7. Charles Lame①Poor Relations8. Charles Dickens (one of the greatest critical realists in the Victorian Age. His novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age.)①The Pickwick Papers (first work make him popular)②Oliver Twist (inhumanity of city life under capitalism; powerful exposure of bourgeois society.)9. William Makepeace Thackeray (one of the greatest critical realists)①Vanity Fair(MP)10. George Eliot①Adam Bede11. Charlotte Bronte (introduced the first governess novel in the history of England literature; forerunner of the feminism and the feminism literary tradition.)①Jane Eyre(MP; Noted for its sharp criticism on the exciting society.)12. Emily Bronte①Wuthering Heights(criticize the bourgeois matrimonial system)13. Thomas Hood①The Song of the Shirt②The Bridge of Sighs14. Alfred, Lord Tennyson (The Big Three of Victorian age Browning, Arnold; Poet of the people)①Ulysses②Break, Break, Break③Crossing the Bar15. Robert Browning (most original poet of Victorian Age)①my last duchess(dramatic monologue)②home-thoughts, from abroad16. Elizabeth Barrett Browning①Sonnets from the PortugueseⅡ. Chose the best answer 15’Ⅲ. Appreciation 40’1. to a sky larkAuthor: Percy Bysshe Shelley(1)This stanza is quoted from Shelly‟s To a Skylark.(2)Shelly is an English romantic poet with revolutionary thought. He published the works which expressed the rebellious spirits against English politics and conservative values. His works produced a kind of connection with the politics. Most of his works reflected the revolutionary and optimistic belief for the future. Shelley is listed into the younger generation of English romantic poets including Byron and Keats while William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey were listed into the older generation. The older generation was labeled by simple ideas and a reverence for nature, while the poets of the younger generation came to be known for their sensuous aestheticism, their exploration of intense passions, their political radicalism, and their tragically short lives.(3)In this poem, the poet expresses his yearning for freedom. When the poet heard the beautiful song of the skylark, he also was moved by the song and shar ed the same happy feeling with the bird. “Blithe spirit” symbolizes the skylark. Shelley considered the skylark as the “blithe spirit”. The song of the skylark was so beautiful that the poet believed that it was an immortal bird. The poet expressed his yearning for freedom and wanted to get rid of all human fetters.2. Pride and prejudiceAuthor: Jane AustenLiterary style: RealismStory about: It is a humorous story of love and life among English gentility during the Georgian era. Mr.Bennet is an English g entleman with his overbearing wife. The Bennets‟ five daughters: the beautiful Jane, the clever Elizabeth, the bookish Mary, the immature Kitty and the wild Lydia. Unfortunately for the Bennets, if Mr.Bennets dies, their house will be inherited by a distan t cousion whom they have never met. The family‟s future, happiness and security is dependent on the daughter‟s making good marriages. The main plot is about the five daughters,especially the main character Elizabeth Bennet and Mr.Darcy as they deal with matters of upbringing, marriage, moral rightness and education in her aristocratic society.3. Break, Break, BreakAuthor: Alfred TennysonThe “hand” and the “voice” refer to the hand and voice of the poet‟s dead friend Arthur Hallam.The poem is one of Alf red Tennyson‟s lyrics. The lyric is composed at the poet‟s best friend‟s sudden death. Here, the poet contrasts his own feeling of sadness over the loss of a dear friend, combining the nature and his inner world with the joys of the children and the unfeeling waves of the sea that break on the shore and the insensate ships that enter a harbor. The language is musical and rather beautiful.4. My last duchessAuthor: Robert browning(1) comments:In this poem, Browning creates a character of chilling coldness and cruelty. The speaker is a Duke who is conducting negotiations for a bride, a new duchess. He is talking with the representatives of potential father in law. Almost casually, he shows them the picture of the …last‟ duchess whom he had killed becaus e he could not dominate her.●The poem provides a classic example of a dramatic monologue:●the speaker is clearly distinct from the poet;●an audience is suggested but never appears in the poem;●and the revelation of the Duke's character is the poem's primary aim.(2)Character analysis:. the duke: proud, possessive, cruel, despotic jealous, hypocritical, selfish, narrow-minded; a lover of the arts. the duchess: gentle, kind, beautiful, noble-minded, democratic;(3)Meter"My Last Duchess" is in iambic pentameter6. Rhyme: Heroic Couplets(4)Type of Work: Poem as Dramatic MonologueThe form of a dramatic monologue.During his discourse, the speaker makes comments that reveal information about his personality and psyche, knowingly or unknowingly. The main focus of a dramatic monologue is this personal information, not the topic which the speaker happens to be discussing.(5)ThemeThe theme is the arrogant, authoritarian mindset of a proud Renaissance duke. In this respect, the more important portrait in the poem is the one the duke "paints" of himself with his words.Ⅳ. Terms 15’1. The subtitle of Vanity FairThe subtitle may suggest:1) No heroic people in this novel;2) No predominantly unique character in the novel, i.e. lots of characters will appear as a gallery;3) No more prominent male character in the story-telling or in other words, this book will be a book of women instead of men.2.Critical realismThe critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the beginning of the fifties the realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate social evils. Charles Dickensis the most important critical realists.3. The Victorian lady noveliststhe Bronte sisters and Gorge Eliot.Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte and Anne Bronte had a great fondness for literature. Charlotte‟s first novel The Professor was rejected by the publisher, but her second one Jane Eyre won immediate success when it appeared in 1847; the same year, Emily‟s single and unique work Wuthering Heights and Anne‟s Agnes Grey were also published. Soon they were followed by Anne‟s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. After the death of Emily and Anne, Charlotte continued writing and published her next important novel Shirley. Another novel Villette appeared in 1853, her most autobiographical work, largely based on her experience on her experience in Brussels.George Eliot, pseudonym of Mary Ann Evans, was born into an estate agent‟s family in England. Her most popular novels, Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Floss(1860), and Silas Marner (1861), all drawn from her knowledge of English country life and notable for their realistic details, pungent characterization and high moral toneⅤ. Comments 20’1. The gothic elements in Wuthering HeightsThe Gothic novel is a literary genre, in which he prominent features are mystery, doom, decay, old buildings with ghosts in them, madness, hereditary curses and so on.The setting is prominent in Gothic Literature. In this way, a Wuthering heights follows the convention of Gothic Literature. Wuthering heights is describes as a morbid place. ”Wuthering”, being the operative word, is used to show the great winds that pass through this area. Also, the actual structure of the house was built, ”strong: the narrow windows are deeply set in the wall, and the corners defended with large jutting stones”. Thus, the architectural structure of the house has a gothic nature.Heathcliff, the main male protagonist in the novel, shows aspects of Byronic Hero, a figure that has become familiar to fans of Gothic. His past is shrouded in mystery; his parentage is never discovered, and the reader knows only that old Mr.Earnshaw found him wandering the streets of Liverpool as a young boy. His lack of surname stresses the mystery of his background, and even as he grows older he maintains this air of secrecy---for example, when he returns to Wuthering Heights he becomes a wealthy man after a long absence and no one is ever able to say where he made his money. When heathcliff grows older he is nothing more than a villain. For example, he take advantage of Isabella; He locks young Catherine up in Wuthering Heights forcing her to marry her cousin, while her father lies dying at Thrushcross Grange. His only motive is revenge.A mysterious and ghostly atmosphere does pervade the novel. Not only does Lockwood experience Catherine‟s ghostly presence via his dream, but he also make other references to spiritual creatures---at the end of the novel, the house is to be shut up “for the use of such ghosts as choose to inhabit it”, and despite the positive nature of the union between young Cathy and Hareton, the novel ends on a more somber note with a visit to graves of Catherine, Heathcli ff and Edgar:” I lingered round them…and wondered how anyone could ever imagine unique slumbers for the sleepers in that quiet earth.”2. The main achievements of Robert Browning(1)Robert B rowning‟s main contribution to the English literature is the introduction of a new form to poetrywriting-----Dramatic Monologue(2)Dramatic Monologue is a kind of poem in which a single fictional or historical character other than the poetspeaks to a silent “audience” of one or more person. Such poem reveal not the poet‟s own thoughts but the mind of the impersonal character, whose personality is revealed while the implied presence of an auditor distinguishes it from a soliloquy.。
EnglishLiterature英国文学期末考试卷
英国文学考试复习题：Part I.1. Geoffrey Chaucer is the founder of English ________.A. PoetryB. DramaC. NovelD. Prose2. Percy Bysshe Shelley was a famous __________ poet.A. NaturalistB. RealistC. RomanticistD. Classicist3. Beowulf is the national ________ of Britain.A. balladB. epicC. romanceD. sonnet4. Wuthering Heights is ______________ 's masterpiece.A. Jane AustenB. Emily Bronte C Anne Bronte B George Eliot5. The English Renaissance began in the_____.A. 14th centuryB. 15th centuryC. 16th centuryD. 17th century6. The English Renaissance began during the reign of_____.A. Elizabeth IB. James IC. Henry VIIID. Charles II7. A stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter and the last line in iambic hexameter, rhyming ababbcbcc ic called_____.A. Shakespearean SonnetB. Petrarchan SonnetC. Spenserian StanzaD. Blank V erse8. Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus is a play based on a(n)_____legend.A. GermanB. EnglishC. IrishD. Italian9_____is not Shakespeare’s work.A. HamletB. King LearC. OthelloD. The Faerie Queene10. The Four Greatest Tragedies of Shakespeare’s do not include:A. Romeo and JulietB. HamletC. MacbethD. Othello11._____is not a Metaphysical poet.A. John DonneB. MarloweC. HerbertD. Marvell12._____is not written by John MiltonA. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Beowulf13. “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s_____.A. songB. tragedyC. sonnetD. comedy14. English Renaissance Period was an age of_____.A. ballads and songsB. prose and novelsC. essays and journalsD. poetry and drama15. Ode to the Grecian Urn is written by _________ .A. John KeatsB. Walter ScottC. ByronD. Shelley16.Tess of the D’Urbervilles is written by ___________ .A. Charles DickensB. George EliotC. Thomas HardyD. William Thackeray17. Walter Scott has been universally regarded as the founder and great master of _____________.A. the historical novelB. The realistic novelC. the scientific novelD. The gothic novel18. In which poem did Shelley write the following lines: The trumpet of a prophecy! O wind, / If winter comes, can spring be far behind?A. OzymandiasB. A Song: Men of EnglandC. Ode to the West WindD. Queen Mab19. What works of the following were NOT written by Byron?A. Don JuanB. Childe Harold PilgrimageC. CainD. Waverley20. Which of the following poems was written by William Wordsworth?A. The Faerie QueenB. Venus and AdonisC. The PreludeD. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner21. Which of the following poets does not belong to the Lake Poets?A. WordsworthB. SoutheyC. ColeridgeD. Keats22. Which of the following novels, written by Charles Dickens, shows the life experience of the author's youth?A. Great ExpectationB. Hard TimesC. David CopperfieldD. Edwin Drood23. Which of the following plays is not the greatest tragedies of Shakespeare?A. King LearB. Twelfth NightC. MacbethD. Othello24. From the following, choose the poem written by William Blake.A. A Red, Red RoseB. The TigerC. Get Up and Bar the DoorD. I Wander Lonely as a Cloud25. The writer of Utopia is _________ .A. Francis BaconB. Thomas WyattC. Thomas MoreD. Philip Sidney26 Along with the fast economic development in the 18th century in England, the British _____ also grew very rapidly.A. bourgeoisB. proletariansC. aristocratic classD. royal family27. The Enlightenment Movement did not advocate_____.A. rationality, reason, order and rulesB. return to the ancient classical worksC. inner feelings of individualsD. universal education28._____is not written by Alexander Pope.A. An Essay on CriticismB. The EssaysC. An Essay on ManD. The Dunciad29. An Essay on Criticism is a didactic poem written in_____.A. heroic coupletsB. English sonnetC. bland verseD. Italian sonnet30._____by Pope is a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism, exerting great influence upon his contemporary writers in advocating the classical rules and popularizing the neoclassicist tradition in England.A. An Essay on ManB. The DunciadC. The EssaysD. An Essay on Criticism31. In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe eulogizes the hero of the_____.A. aristocratic classB. enterprising landlordC .rising bourgeoisie D. hard-working people32. The tone of Jonathan Swift’s novel Gulliver’s Travel is_____.A. sadB. sarcasticC. praisingD. detached33._____has been regarded as “Father of English Novel.”A. Daniel DefoeB. Henry FieldingC. Jonathan SwiftD. Samuel Richardson34. The _____ Period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history, producing the literary giants such as Charles Dickens.A. RenaissanceB. NeoclassicalC. RomanticD. Victorian35. The School for Scandal was written by_____.A. Thomas GrayB. Samuel JohnsonC. Richard B. SheridanD. Daniel Defoe36. _____ is not Thomas Hardy’s work.A. The Mill on the FlossB. Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. Jude the ObscureD. The Mayor of Casterbridge37. “My Last Duchess” is _____.A. a dramatic monologueB. a short lyricC. a novelD. an essay38. Tennyson’s “Ulysses” gets its inspiration from the following works or writers except_____.A. Homer’s OdesseyB. Joyce’s UlyssesC. DanteD. Greek Mythology39. In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend _____ appeared. And it flourished in the 1840s and in the early 1950s.A. romanticismB. naturalismC. realismD. critical realism40. The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from_____.A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Childe Ha rold’s PilgrimageC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. The Canterbury Tales41.The rhyming scheme adopted in the English epic Beowulf is _________.A) consonant B) assonant C) heroic couplet D) Alliteration42.The theme of Beowulf is manifested in the spirit of ___________.A) Heroism B) Romanticism C) Fatalism D) Determinism42. Beowulf is the national ________ of Britain.A. balladB. epicC. romanceD. sonnet43. The English Renaissance began during the reign of_____.A. Elizabeth IB. James IC. Henry VIIID. Charles II44. A stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter and the last line in iambic hexameter, rhyming ababbcbcc is called_____.A. Shakespearean SonnetB. Petrarchan SonnetC. Spenserian StanzaD. Blank V erse45. Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus is a play based on a(n)_____legend.A. GermanB. EnglishC. IrishD. Italian46._____is not Shakespeare’s work.A. HamletB. King LearC. OthelloD. T he Faerie Queene47. The Four Greatest Tragedies of Shakespeare’s do not include:A. Romeo and JulietB. HamletC. MacbethD. Othello48._____is not a Metaphysical poet.A. John DonneB. MarloweC. HerbertD. Marvell49._____is not written by John MiltonA. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Beowulf50. “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s_____.A. songB. tragedyC. sonnetD. comedy51. Which of the following poems was written by William Wordsworth?A. The Faerie QueenB. Venus and AdonisC. The PreludeD. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner52. Which of the following poets does not belong to the Lake Poets?A. WordsworthB. SoutheyC. ColeridgeD. Keats53. Which of the following novels, written by Charles Dickens, shows the life experience of the author's youth?A. Great ExpectationB. Hard TimesC. David CopperfieldD. The Tale of Two Cities54. Except being a victory of England over ______, the rout of the fleet “Armada”(Invincible) was also the triumph of the rising young bourgeoie over the declining old feudalism.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. Germany55. From the following, choose the poem written by William Blake.A. A Red, Red RoseB. The TigerC. Get Up and Bar the DoorD. I Wander Lonely as a Cloud56. The writer of Utopia is _________ .A. Francis BaconB. Thomas WyattC. Thomas MoreD. Philip Sidney57 Along with the fast economic development in the 18th century in England, the British _____ also grew very rapidly.A. bourgeoisB. proletariansC. aristocratic classD. royal family58. The Enlightenment Movement did not advocate_____.A. rationality, reason, order and rulesB. return to the ancient classical worksC. inner feelings of individualsD. universal education59. English Renaissance was not an age of prose, but Francis Bacon wrote his famous prose work ___________ ..A. An Essay on CriticismB. The EssaysC. An Essay on ManD. The Dunciad60. An Essay on Criticism is a didactic poem written in_____.A. heroic coupletsB. English sonnetC. bland verseD. Italian sonnetPart II:1. The lyric poem:2. Elegy:3. Ballad:4. Romances:5."Stream of Consciousness":6. Blank verse:7. Sonnet:8. Byronic Hero:9. Alliteration:10. Heroic Couplet:11. Chivalry12. Farce13.Spenserian stanza14. Soliloquy15.Conceit16. Epic:17. Minstrel:18. miracle play19. Stanza20. SatirePart V.I. Write a 200-word essay about Charles Dickens’ no vel, Oliver Twist: 30%1. Who is the hero of the novel? How well does he live his life?2. Why does Dickens end his novel with the final happiness of Oliver Twist?3. Who are responsible for his misfortune?4. Do you think Oliver Twist lives in modern city today?5. Why did Dickens often take children as main characters to describe the society? II. Write a 200-word essay about Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice: 30% 1. Discuss the importance of social class in the novel, especially as it impacts the relationship between Elizabeth and Darcy.2. Analyze how Austen depicts Mr. Bennet. Is he a positive or negative figure?3. Pride and Prejudice is a novel about women who feel they have to marry to be happy. Taking Charlotte Lucas as an example, do you think the author is making a social criticism of her era’s view of marriage?4. Giving special attention to Wickham, Charlotte Lucas, and Elizabeth, compare and contrast male and female attitudes toward marriage in the novel.5. Discuss the relationship between Mrs. Bennet and her children, especially Elizabeth and LydiaIII. Write a 200-word essay about Daniel Defoe’ novel, Robinson Crusoe: 30%1. What are the personal characters of Robinson Crusoe?2. How does Robinson Crusoe set up a new society on the island?3. What example does he set for the later colonists?4. What are the language features in Robinson Crusoe?(Analyzing plot, characterization, theme and language)。
英国文学期末复习资料
英国文学期末复习一、选择1、浪漫主义时期开始的标志：the publication of the Lyrical Ballads(1798) Wordsworth.结束：the death of Sir Walter Scott.18322、湖畔派诗人（Lake Poets)：Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey.3、Charles Lamb(查尔斯兰姆）：He is important in English literature for his contribution to the Familiar Essay(随笔/小品文）4、Walter Scott(沃尔特司各特）：the founder and great master of the historical novels(历史小说之父）。
5、Browning(布朗宁）：the contribution to the English literature is dramatic monologue(戏剧独白）。
6、Emily Bronte(艾米丽勃朗特）的小说特点：Gothic noveleg.Wuthering Heights7、George Bernard Shaw(肖伯纳）：Shaw’s main contribution to English literature is his drama.8、Thomas Stearns Eliot(艾略特）：代表作The Waste Land(荒原）9、Steam of consciousness(意识流）的2位代表作家：James Joyce,Virginia Woolf10、Angry Young Man（愤怒的青年）出自John Osborne’s play Look Back in Angry(愤怒的回顾）。
11、只有1部代表作的作家及作品：William Makepeace Thackeray(萨克雷）：Vanity Fair(名利场）Emily Bronte(艾米丽勃朗特）：Wuthering Heights(呼啸山庄）Joseph Conrad:Heart of Darkness(黑暗心脏）George Bernard Shaw:Major Barbara(芭芭拉少女）12、Wordsworth defines poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of feelings”(一切好诗都是强烈情感的自然流露）。
【全文】英国文学期末考试简答、论述题(含答案)
精选全文完整版可编辑修改V. Give a brief answer to the following questions. (20%)1. Discuss the theme of Wuthering Heights。
2. Say something about John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim Progress.①The Pilgrim Progress, written by John Bunyan, was written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream. It became an immediate success upon its publication.②The allegory depicts the Puritan struggle for freedom of worship, the eternalstruggle of man to find unity with God. The purpose is to urge people to seek salvation through constant struggle with their weaknesses and social evils.③The book is ranked as one of the greatest allegories in English language. Itsets a standard in story-telling with vivid characterization and natural dialogue.It becomes a landmark for later works such as Thackeray’s Vanity Fair, and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Celestial Railroad.3. Say something about Hamlet.①Hamlet is generally regarded as the most representation of Shakespeare’sartistic creations and the summit of the Renaissance drama.②It is not a simple revenge play but a tragedy of humanist ideals crushed bycruel reality. It addresses the fundamental question of the meaning of human existence, with Hamlet’s meditation on life and death at the centre.③It portrays the social realities in England at the end of the 16th century andthe start of the 17th century.4. Say something about Robinson Crusoe.①The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, which is oftenshortened as Robinson Crusoe, was based on the true experience.②It is an interesting picaresque novel about an 18th century English adventurer.Crusoe is practical, religious and mindful of his profit. He resembles the rising bourgeoisie at the earliest stage of its development.③In depicting Crusoe’s efforts and growth on the island, the novel glorifiesboth physical and mental labor. The novel also shows the author’s attitude towards colonialism and Negro slavery.1. Discuss the theme of Wuthering Heights5. Say something about Paradise Lost and its theme.7. Say something about The Canterbury Tales.The Canterbury Tales is written in middle English created by Chaucer. The pronunciation and spelling are quite different from those in modern English, but the reading of the Tales is not as difficult as it first appears for the modern reader.It is sometimes argued that the greatest contribution that The Canterbury Tales made to English literature was in popularizing the literary use of the vernacular English. Chaucer’s poetry, along with the poetry of his other pee r writers, helped standardize the London Dialect and establish English as the literary language of the country.Chaucer was one of the first English poets to use the five-stress line, a decasyllabic cousin to the iambic pentameter, in much of his work. This arrangement became one of the standard poetic forms in English. He is father of English poetry.9. Say something about Bacon’s Of Studies.①Bacon was one of the greatest minds in an age of giants. His compact style withwise ideas has won him populariti es. His famous essays in students’ bibliography include ”Of Study”,” Of Beauty” and “Of Truth”.②Of Study discusses the function and method of reading. It is one of Bacon’smost frequently quoted essays.③The essay is known for its clearness, brevity and f orce of expression. Thediscussions are clearly presented. The first sentence points out the three functions. Then it discusses some wrong opinions about study, the importance of experiment in study, the various methods to read, the role of discussion and notetaking. The essay also argues that study is different fields can bring all sorts of benefits and improve spiritual defeats.④Bacon has employed various rhetorical devices in the essay: metaphor makes theessay rich; parallelism makes it sinewy; and contrast makes it persuasive. 10. Say something about Paradise Lost and its theme.（同上第⑤题）14. Say something about Gulliver’s Travels.①Gulliver’s Travels, as Swift’s highest achievement, is considered to be asatirical examination of the human nature, man’s p otential for depravity and the dangers of misuse of reason.②The novel gives an unparalleled sarcastic depiction of all the social vicesof the early 18th century. In spite of his contempt for the rulers and social evils, Swift cherished a great love for the common people.③Gulliver’s Travels is a fantasy, and at the same time, a realistic work offiction, including four voyages.18. Say something about the poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.①I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,also known as “The daffodils”, was written byBritish romanticist William Wordsworth.②The poet described his heartfelt happiness as he saw the beautiful daffodilsand sang high praises of nature.③Its rhyme scheme is ababcc.④The poem can be divided into two parts: the first part describes the sceneryand the second part expresses the poets’ emotion. We can see daffodils everywhere, and the poet compares them to the stars in the sky. He is immensely influenced by the beauty and the memory of the daffodils is imprinted in his mind, which brings back happiness when he feels lonely, dull or depressed.22. Say something about the poem Ode to a Nightingale.Ode to a Nightingale, written by John Keats under a plum tree in the yard of his friend out of “a tranquil and continual joy”in the nightingale’s song, contains his poetic feeling on the song of the nightingale. The poem is not about the bird only, it is about human experience in general. The principal stress of the poem is a struggle between ideal and actual: nature and the human, art and life, freedom and bondage, waking and dream.23. Say something about Pride and Prejudice.Pride and Prejudice, written by Jane Austen, ha long been a favorite of both readers and critics and is often regarded as Jane Austen’s consummate achievement27. Say something about Jane Eyre.①Jane Eyre, written by critic realism novelist Charlotte Bronte, is a frank andpassionate story of the love between a governess and her master, a married man, Mr. Rochester.②The novel is written in the first person and contains authentic autobiographicalexperiences.③Jane Eyre has many merits. It is the first governess novel in English literature.It is one of the most popular works of the working middle class women. It announces30. Say something about Tess of the D’Urbervilles.①Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the twelfth novel by Thomas Hardy. It tells themisery and tragedy of Tess. It deals with such themes as injustice of human existence, social classes and social status of women in Victorian England.②It questions society’ sexual mores by portraying a heroine who is seduced bythe son of her employer and is not considered a pure and chaste women by the rest of society.③Thus it is an attack on the hypocritical morality of the society an d thepolitical status quo in English.38. Say something about Charles Dickens.Charles Dickens is a British critical realist in Victorian Age. Charles Dickens was the son of a navy clerk. When he was fifteen, he left school and entered a lawyer’s office. In 1834, his lifework of writing began. The novel Pickwick Papers brought him into the first rank of the most popular novelist of his day. The rest of his life was work without rest.①The first period of his literary career: This period is referred to the yearsfrom 1836-1841, which is marked for youthful optimism. The main novels in this period are: Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist and The Old Curiosity Shop.②The second period of his literary career: the second period, which began from1842, was a period of excitement and irritation. In this period, he visited America and was shocked by the corruptive influence of wealth and power there. The main novels are: Dombey and Son, David Copperfield.③The third period of his literary career: Dickens’ works in this period showintensifying pessimism. His main novels in this period are: Great Exceptions,A Tale of Two Cities.39. Say something about John Milton.Milton is the greatest writer of the seventeenth century. In his life and literary career the two dominant historical movements of Renaissance and Reformation combined and received their most intense and intelligent expression. He towers over his age just as Shakespeare towers over the Elizabethan Age and Chaucer over the Medieval Age. His works mainly include Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.41. Say something about Geoffrey Chaucer.The 14th century is called “Age of Chaucer”. Chaucer is acclaimed not onlyas “the father of English poetry”, but also the father of English fiction”.His masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales, is one of the most famous works in all literatures.43. Say something about Jane Austen.①Jane Austen was the first English Woman novelist.②Austen was born in Hampshire, a small town in southwest England. She was educatedat home and led a quiet life. Austen wrote altogether 6 novels, among which the most important ones are Pride and Prejudice, Sense and sensibility and Emma.③Jane Austen was popular all through the 19th century. She died in 1817 at theage of 42.45. Say something about Thomas Hardy.①Hardy was born in Dorset, which he called Wessex in his novels. His principlenovels are the Wessex novels. Among his famous novels, the best-known are Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure.②Other works by Hardy include The Return of the Native, Far From the MaddingCrowd and The Mayor of Casterbridge.48. Say something about George Bernard Shaw.Bernard Shaw was the greatest dramatist in English literature in the 20th century.He used stage to criticize the evils of capitalism.His major plays include Man and Superman, Major Barbara and Pygmalion.Shaw is a critical realist writer and a humorist. His plays deal with contemporary social problems.53. What is the theme of The Waste Land?The theme of the poem is modern spiritual barrenness, the despair and depression that followed the First World War, the sterility and turbulence(动荡)of the modern world, and the decline and breakdown of Western culture.1. Discuss the theme of Wuthering Heights5. Say something about Paradise Lost and its theme.VI. Write no less than 120 words on each of the following topics in English.3. Thomas Hardy, living at the turn of the century, is often regarded as a transitional writer. In him we see the influence from both the past and the modern. Tess of the D’Urbervilles is one of his greatest works. Try to discuss the fate of Tess in this work.The discussion about the fate of Tess in Tess of the D’Urbervilles.Tess of the D’Urbervilles is Thomas hardy’s representative work, as a transitional writer, his work reflect the profound changes about the social economic, politic, moral, customs and the tragic fate about the people(especially the fate of women)which caused by the capitalism intrudes England rural towns, it reveals the hypocrisy of bourgeoisie moral, legal and religion.Tess of the D’Urbervilles concentrate on the ‘character and environment. The heroine Tess while clever beauty, diligent and kind, but as a victim of she finally was on the gallows. So what are the reasons? Here we analyze her tragic fate from the following 3 aspects:Firstly, the tragic fate of Tess first comes from the capitalist society.In the furious conflict between individual and environment, Tess's fate is inevitably miserable. Tess lived in the Victorian period as British capitalism intrudes England rural countries. Though she is diligent and kind, clever beautiful girl, but as a laborer, a powerless of agricultural workers without money and social status, naturally will be affected by the capitalist society of oppression and reproach. With the capitalist invasion, those who own a small piece of land and production material of peasants are forced to, and then go bankrupt. Visible, Tess's tragic fate and her economic poverty are closely linked. This is one the social reason.Secondly, unjust laws system is also a factor in Tess tragedy. In capitalist society, the legal system are protect the exploiting class profits while oppress powerless workers. From the story, we knew that Alec is a domineering, do evil young guy, he was protected by the injustice law while the beautiful and diligent Tess was killed, it shows the underclass counteractions people in society is impossible to get treated fairly.Thirdly, Tess's destruction is closed linked with the hypocrisy of religion .Alec's characters, revealed the hypocrisy of religion. He is on the business, is a bourgeois upstarts and carnal "person". He set a trap to seducea Tess, but using the biblical allusions to blame them. Later he was turnedinto a good cleric. Who advised Visible, in capitalist society, religion isthe reactionary ruling class anesthesia, cheating, and a fool of working people.Marx once said: "with artificial Christian." Religion is bourgeois reproach and defiled women provided theoretical basis.Fourthly, Tess is also a victim of the bourgeoisie hypocritical moral. From the story, Angel is the representative of bourgeoisie hypocritical moral, though he is a liberal thought of intellectuals, but he has a deep psychological ingrained in traditional ethics and morality. his own dissolute behavior was forgived by Tess, but he did not forgive Tess on the situation the fault is not Tess, but Alec. He has not a little sympathy on Tess, which force Tess came back to Alec.Fifthly, Tess’s tragic is also related by her own personality.Tess is a brand-new woman created by hardy, she has dual personality. On the one hand, she dares to against the hypocrisy of traditional moral and religious, On the other hand, cannot completely get rid of the traditional ethics of their own. Because Tess was born in a peasant family, remaining some of the old farmer on moral and destiny view that she appeared when traditional moral against the weak side. when she treated with the secular public opinion, she also think herself is guilty. Tess, as a certain historical period of the individual, must be particular historical period of social consciousness and moral concepts, she thought and action are bound by age and social consciousness.From above all, the tragedy of Tess have social reason also have her own personality reason, but all these reasons are directly linked with the bourgeoisie society, it’s the kinds of reflects of the society. Her destroy is inevitably in the bourgeoisie society.6. Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe is a very influential novel in the enlightenment period of the English literature. It depicts Crusoe as a figure of middle class who makes success through his hard work. Discuss the social reason why the novel becomes so successful.Robinson Crusoe is supposedly based on the real adventure of an Alexander Selkirk who once stayed alone on the uninhabited island Huan Fernandez for five years. Factually, the story is an imagination. In the story the author describes inviting plots of Robinson Crusoe who survives and lives quite well on an island after the shipwreck. In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces the growth of Robinson Crusoe from a naïve and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson here is a real hero: a typical eighteenth century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. Robinson Crusoe is an adventure story in the spirit of the time. So when it was published, people all liked that story, and it became an immediate success.7. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen explored three kinds of motivations of marriage the middle-class people had in the second half of the 18th century. Say something about this novel and try to make a discussion about the three kinds of motivations with specific examples from the novel. Make comments on Austen’s attitude towards these motivations.First, there is marriage merely for fortune, money and social rank. This is to be found in Miss Bingley’s pursuit of Darcy, Lady de Bourgh’s intention to marriage between her daughter and Darcy, and in Charlotte Lucas’marriage to Mr.Collins. The snobbery and vanity of the rich and the practicality of the poor gentry women are fully accounted for.The second is the tendency to marry for beauty, attraction and passion regardless of economic conditions or personal merits. This is generally known as Mr.Bennet and Mrs. Bennet who has a beautiful face but an empty head and of their youngest daughter Lydia to the handsome, charming but morally weak and penniless Wickham. The terrible aftermath of such marriage is only too obvious in the marriage of the two generations of the Bennet.Lastly comes the idea marriage, which is a love match with considerations of the lover’s personal merits and economic conditions. Such perfect happinessis to be found in the marriage of Darcy and Elizabeth and that of Mr.Bingley and Jane, although the satisfaction of both the personal and economic conditions like this is really a bit too idealistic.What Jane Austen tries to say is that it is wrong to marry just for money or for beauty, but it is also wrong to marry without consideration of economic conditions. Of the three types, she prefers the the last one. And in the last type, she seems to give her particular preference to the marriage of Darcy and Elizabeth.28. What is the social significance of The Canterbury Tales?The Canterbury Tales has its social significance in several ways. ①It represents the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie people’s right to pursue earthly happiness is affirmed by Chaucer. ②the ideas of humanism are shown in C haucer’s praising of man’s energy ,intellect, wit and love of love. ③Chaucer exposed and satirized the evils of the time. ④the corruption of the church is vigorously attacked. ⑤Chaucer showed sympathy for the poor to some extent. ⑥Chaucer established the language of literature.36.John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress is generally regarded as a religious allegory. Say briefly about thisbook and what does the work symbolically concern? What is the predominant metaphor that is carried on through the whole work? And what is the author’s purpose in writing such a book?A. It concerns the search for spiritual salvation.B. “That life is a journey” is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines.C. The author’s purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and to seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weakness and all kinds of evils.ment on Jane Austen’s characte ristics of her novels.1. Jane Austen is one of the realistic novelists. She drew vivid and realistic pictures ofeveryday life of the country society in her novels.2. Jane Austen’s main concern is about human beings in their personal relations, human beingswith their families and neighbors. Stories of love and marriage provide the framework for all her novels and in them woman are always taken as the major characters.3. Jane Austen’s work has a very narrow literary field. She confines herself to small countryparishes, whose simple country people become the characters of her novels, but within her own field, she is unrivaled.4. Her novels show a wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire. Her plots are straight-forward.There is little action. Her characters are like real living creatures, with faults and virtues mixed as they are in real life. Jane Austen is successful in the employment of irony and frequent use of witty and delightful dialogues.。
英国文学期末汇总
二、Terms:1、Ballad (民谣) 上P381. A ballad is a narrative poem that tells a story .2.There are certain basic characteristics common to a large number of ballads:1)The beginning is often abrupt, without any introduction of the characters or the backgrounds of the tale.2)There are strong dramatic elements3)The story is often told through dialogue and action.4)The theme is often tragic,though there are a number of comic ballads.5)The ballad meter is used.3.time: Ballads was an important feature of literature in the 15th century.4.代表作品：Of special significance are the Robin Hood Ballads that deal with the famous outlaw Robin Hood and his men and their activities.2、Shakespeare Sonnet莎士比亚十四行诗上P75◆ A sonnet is a short song in the original meaning of the word. Later it became a poemof 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)with various rhyming schemes.◆Shakespeare writes his sonnets in the English form, 154 altogether in number, threequatrains and a couplet（三个诗节和一幅对偶句）, with occasional variation. Sonnects 1-126: are addressed to a beautiful young man on the theme of friendship and beauty.Sonnects 127-152: are addressed to a Dark lady, daughter of an Italian singer in London, whoo was Shakespeare’s mistress.Sonnects 153-154:are kins of epigram.2）Time：3、Heroic couplet 英雄双韵体上P311）A heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry, consisting of pairs of rhyming iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) lines, a form made up of five iambic feet in each line. An iambic foot is composed of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable. The rhyme scheme is aa bb cc dd and so on.2）At the age of Chaucer(1350-1400), use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer inThe Canterbury Tales.=============上册选2，下册选3==========4、Satanic poets 撒旦派诗人下P32◆Satanic poet is one of the romantic shools at the age of Romanticism(in the early 19thcentury).◆The spirit of Satanic school is rebellious（反抗的）, revolutionary, romantic and shortlife.◆There are three representatives: John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, George Gordon Byron.They are referred to as Satanic Poets by Robert Southey for their violent imagination and rebellious spirit.For example, Byron’s masterpiece, Don Juan, shows a romantic, revolutionary and satiric spirit.(其他代表作品the representative works:Don Juan----George Gordon ByronOde to the West Wind----Percy Bysshe ShelleyOde to the Nightingale----John Keats )5、Lake poets 湖畔诗人下P5◆time：at the age of Romanticism(in the early 19th century).◆The first generation of Romantics include Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey, who were so called“Lake Poets” because they had lived for a time in close association in the mountainous Lake District in the northwestern England. They traversed the same path on politics and poetry, beginning as radicals and closing as conservatives.◆the representative works：The Lyrical Ballads which is published by William Wordsworth andColeridge in 1798 was the representative work.6、Modernism 现代主义下P196◆Modernism is a general term applied retrospectively(回顾地) to the wide range of experimental andavant-garde(前卫的)trends in the literature and other arts of the early 20th century, including symbolism, expressionism, imagism, Dadaism, stream of consciousness.◆Modernist literature is characterized chiefly by a reflection and abandonment of all literal traditions and19th-century realism. Alienation and loneliness are the basic themes of modernism.◆The most important modernist poets in England were W B Yeats and T S Eliot.In the novel, themodernist innovators were James Joyce and Virginia Woolf with the “stream of consciousness”technique and D H Lawrence with his psychological penetration.7、Stream of consciousness 意识流下P234◆It is a narrative mode that seeks to describe an individual's point of view by givingthe written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions. Its writing is strongly associated with the modernist movement, rising in 19th century.◆The representative work is Ulysses written by James Joyce.8. SymbolA symbol is something that represents or stands for something else. It is a kind of figurative language, but a symbol has a larger meaning than a metaphor or simile---a meaning which can often be multiple or ambiguous. It is one of the main characteristics of modernist writing. The modern poets and writers find in symbol a means to express their inexpressible selves.9. imageWe usually think with words, many of our thoughts comes to us as pictures or imagined sensations in our mind. Such imagined pictures or sensations are called images.10. Allegory◆Allegory is a story told to explain or teach something, especially a long and complicated story with anunderlying meaning different from the surface meaning of the story itself.◆Allegorical novels use extended metaphors to convey moral meanings or attack certain social evils.Characters in these novels often stand for different values such as virtue and vice.◆Bunyan’s The Pilgrim Progress is one of the representative works.三、诗歌赏析1、Of Studies----Francis Bacon 谈读书As a philosopher Bacon is praised as “the progenitor of English materialism” becausehe stressed the importance of experience, or experiment, which is in direct opposition to the superstition and scholasticism of the Middle Ages.Bacon’s 58 essays were the author’s reflections and comments, mostly on rather abstract subjects, such as “Of Truth”, “Of Friendship”, and “Of Riches”. They are known for their conciseness, brevity, simplicity, and forcefulness. The essays are well arranged and enriched by biblical allusions, metaphors and cadence.Of Studies is the most popular of Bacon's 58 essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. Forceful and persuasive, compact and precise, Of Studies reveals to us Bacon's mature attitude towards learning. Bacon's language is neat, priest, and weighty. It is somewhat affected, like the water in the reservoir, restricted and confined.具体例句1）“Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.”(读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩)◆The sentences are taken from Of Studies, written by Francis Bacon. Of Studies is themost popular of Bacon's 58 essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character.◆From this sentence we can see that learning histories makes men clear-minded; learningpoems makes men clever; learning mathematics makes men careful and cautious; learning natural philosophy, your mind will be broadened, your principles will be regulated, and your way of thinking will be serious; learning logic and rhetoric you will be able to argue with others clearly and effectively. Learning makes fulfilled men.◆Parallelism and ellipsis are used to simplify the sentences and highlight the importantpoints, and they help express Bacon’s strong opinion of the benefits of study, in a way of conciseness, brevity, simplicity, and forcefulness.2）"Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business." （读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
英国文学期末复习资料(作家作品)
——英国文学ⅠOld English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages1.Beowulf贝奥武夫 His Artistic features①Using alliteration头韵②Using metaphor暗喻and understatement含蓄陈述2.Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟The founder of English poetry.三个阶段：①The Romaunt of the Rose>玫瑰传奇②Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德longest complete poem③The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：Significance :first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(英雄双韵体) by middle EnglishII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
英国文学期末复习(各种题型)
英国文学练习题一、写出下列作品的作者1、The Canterbury Tales（Geoffrey Chaucer）2、Moll Flanders (Daniel Defoe)3、The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling (Henry Fielding)4、The Faerie Queene (Edmund Spenser)5、The Pilgrim’s Progress (John Bunyan)6、Ode to the West Wind (Percy Bysshe Shelley)7、Wuthering Heights (Emily Bronte)8、Bleak House (Charles Dickens)9、Tess of the D’Urbervilles (Thomas Hardy)10、The Picture of Dorian Gray ( Oscar Wilde)11、Moby Dick (Herman Melville)12、The Last of the Mohicans ( James Fenimore Cooper)13、The Fall of the House of Usher (Edgar Allan Poe)14、The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (Washington Irving)15、The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (Mark Twain)16、The Portrait of A Lady (Henry James)17、Martin Eden (Jack London)18、Sister Carrie (Theodore Dreiser)19、The Great Gatsby (F. Scott Fitzgerald)20、The Grapes of Wrath (John Steinbeck)二、作品辨析，写出节选部分的作品及作家名1．作品Annabel Lee作家Edgar Allan Poe2．作品Because I could not stop for Death---作家Emily Dickinson3．作品The Road Not Taken作家Robert Frost4．作品The Great Gatsby作家F. Scott Fitzgerald5. 作品I wander Lonely as a Cloud作者William Wordsworth6. 作品The Picture of Dorian Gray作家Oscar Wilde7. 作品Hamlet作家William Shakespeare8.作品Of Studies作家Francis Bacon1、was a child and she was a child,In this kingdom by the sea,But we love with a love that was more than love----I and my ANNABEL LEE----With a love that the winged seraphs of heavenCoveted her and me.作品作者2、cause I could not stop for Death-----He kindly stopped for me-----The carriage held out but just Ourselves----And Immortality.We slowly drove----He knew no hasteAnd I and put awayMy labor and my leisure too,For his Civility-----作品作者3、Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not travel bothAnd be one traveler, long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth作品作者4、There was music from my neighbor’s house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars.作品作者5、I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o’er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host of golden daffodilsBeside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.作品作者6、As they entered they saw Dorian Gray. He was seated at the piano, with his back to them, turning over thepages of a volume of Schumann’s “Forest Scenes.”“You must lend me these, Basil,” he cried. “I want to learn them.” They are perfectly charming.”作品作者7、To be, or not to be: that is the question,Whether’tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep;No more; and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache, the thousand natural shocks作品作者8、Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.作品作者三、选择题1、Which is not the works of Herman Melville?（）A. Moby DickB. TypeeC. OmooD. The Pioneers2、Which is the central figure in the Leatherstocking Tales? （）A. Natty BumppoB. TomC. DavidD. Uncas3、The author of The Scarlet Letter also writes ______.（）A. ThanatopsisB. The RavenC. The House of the Seven GablesD. Omoo4、Pick up the one that is not of the same author. （）A. The Sound and the FuryB. As I Lay DyingC. Go Down, MosesD. The Sea Wolf5、The author of A Farewell to Arms also writes _____.（）A. For Whom the Bell TollsB. A Rose for EmilyC. ChicagoD. Uncle Tom’s Cabin6. In The Pilgrim’s Progress, John Bunyan describes The Vanity Fa ir in a ______ tone.A. delightfulB. satiricalC. sentimentalD. solemn7. The 18th century witnessed a new literary form -the modern English novel, which, contrary to the medieval romance, gives a ______ presentation of life of the common English people.A. romanticB. idealisticC. propheticD. realistic8. As a literary figure, John Rivers appears in _______.A. Fielding’s Tom JonesB. Dickens’s Oliver TwistC. Bronte’s Jane EyreD. Austen’s Pride and Prejudice9. Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe created the image of an enterprising Englishman, typical of the English bourgeoisie in the ______ century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10. In "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard," Thomas Gray compares the common folk with the great ones, wondering what the commons could have achieved if they had had the ______.A. chanceB. loveC. moneyD. material sources11. The poetic view of ______ can be best understood from his remark about poetry, that is, "all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings."A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. John KeatsC. William WordsworthD. Percy Bysshe Shelly12. Pip, Estella, Havisham, Magwitch, and Joe Gargery are most likely names of characters in _______.A. Oliver TwistB. David CopperfieldC. Bleak HouseD. Great Expectations13. In English poetry the _______ is regarded as the most common foot.A. iambB. anapestC. trocheeD. dactyl14. In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennet finds out some weak points about herself in the process of judging others. Which of the following is NOT a weak point of hers?A. Blindness.B. Partiality.C. Snobbishness.D. Prejudice.15. In Byron’s poem "Song for the Luddites," the word "Luddite" refers to the _______.A. workers who destroyed the machines in their protest against unemploymentB. rising bourgeoisie who fought against the aristocratic classC. descendents of the ancient king, King LudD. poor country people who suffered under the rule of the landlord class16. "Five miles meandering with a mazy motion\ Through wood and dale the sacred river ran, Then reached the caverns measureless to man, And sank in tumult to a lifeless ocean." The above lines are taken from ______.A. Wordsworth’s "The Solitary Reaper"B. Blake’s "The Chimney Sweeper"C. Coleridge’s "Kubla Khan"D. Keats’s "Ode on an Grecian Urn"17. In his poem, "Ode to the West Wind," Shelley intends to present his wind as a central _______ around which the poem weaves various cycles of death and rebirth.A. conceptB. symbolC. simileD. metonymy18. In the conversation with his wife in Chapter One of Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Bennet uses a(n) ______ tone with sarcastic humor.A. solemnB. harshC. arrogantD. teasing19. Charles Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of his novel ______.A. Great ExpectationsB. A Tale of Two CitiesC. Bleak HouseD. Oliver Twist20. A typical feature of the English ______ literature is that writers became social and moral critics, exposing all kinds of social evils.A. RenaissanceB. RomanticC. VictorianD. Medieval21. The statement that those extraordinary people, seeking something beyond the provincial life, have finally to subject themselves to the limitations of the reality either due to their own weakness or the social environment may well sum up one of the major themes of ______.A. Fielding’s Tom JonesB. Defoe’s Robinson CrusoeC. Austen’s Pride and PrejudiceD. Eliot’s Middlemarch22. A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of ______, who never pays any attention to human feelings.A. justiceB. propertyC. moralityD. humor23. Which of the following statements about The Scarlet Letter is NOT true?A. It explores man’s never-ending search for the satisfaction of materialistic desires.B. It relates the conflicts between the society and the individual.C. It is about the effect of sin on the people involved and the society as a whole.D. It presents a psychological analysis of the inward tensions of the characters.24. "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind" is a famous quote from _______’s writings.A. Walt WhitmanB. Henry David ThoreauC. Herman MelvilleD. Ralph Waldo Emerson25. Which of Hemingway’s novels describ es the drifting life of American exiles in Europe?A. The Sun Also Rises.B. A Farewell to Arms.C. For Whom the Bell Tolls.D. The Old Man and the Sea.四、名词解释1、heroic couplet2、Spenserian stanza3、sonnet4、ode五、问答题1、What are the main characteristics of naturalistic literature in American literature?2、Give a brief comment on The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.3、What are the characteristic features of the romantic movement in British literature?4、Give a brief introduction of Charles Dickens’ artistic technique.PART TWOII. Reading Comprehension1. "Busy old fool, unruly sun,Why dost thou thus,Through windows and through curtains call on us?"Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What does the word "fool" refer to?C. What idea does the quotation express?2. "Most mighty Emperor of Lilliput, delight and terror of the universe, whose dominions extend five thousand blustrugs (about twelve miles in circumference) to the extremities of the globe; Monarch of all Monarchs; taller than the sons of men; whose feet press down to the center, and whose head strikes against the sun; at whose nod the princes of the earth shake their knees; pleasant as spring, comfortable as summer, fruitful as autumn, dreadful as winter."Questions:A. Identify the work and the author.B. What is the tone of the author?C. What does the author parody here?3. "She thanked men -good! but thanked Somehow -I know not how -as if she ranked My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name With anybody’s gift."Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What kind of tone does the speaker use here?C. What idea does the quoted passage express?4. "This is my letter to the World . That never wrote to Me - The simple News that Nature told - With tender Majesty"Questions:A. Identify the poetB. What does the word "World" refer to?C. What idea does the quoted passage express?III. Questions and Answers5. "For herein Fortune shows herself more kind .Than in her custom; it is still her use .To let the wretched man outlive his wealth, To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow ,An age of poverty; from which ling’ring penance .Of such misery doth she cut me off." .The above lines are taken from a speech made by Antonio, a major character in Shakespeare’s play The Merchant of Venice. Why does Antonio say that Fortune is more kind to him than in her custom?6. "The first shot I made among these creatures, I killed a she-goat which had a little kid by her which she gave suck to, which grieved me heartily; but when the old one fell, the kid stood stock still by her till I came and took her up, and not only so, but when I carried the old one with me upon my shoulders, the kid followed me quite to my enclosure, upon which I laid down the dam, and took the kid in my arms, and carried it over my pale, in hopes to have it bred up tame, but it would not eat, so I was forced to kill it and eat it myself; these two supplied me with flesh a great while, for I ate sparingly; and saved my provisions (my bread especially) as much as possibly I could." This is a very significant sentence with great details that reveals the character of Robinson Crusoe. What aspects of Crusoe’s char acter are revealed then?7. Situational irony occurs when what happens turns out to be quite different from what is expected; sometimes what happen is just the opposite of what is expected. In "Indian Camp," Hemingway makes a successful use of this kind of irony. Please illustrate it with some examples.8. "The only thing I don’t like, she proceeded, is the society." ("Daisy Miller" by Henry James) What kind of society does Daisy not like? Why?IV Topic Discussion9. List three distinctive features of English Renaissance movement in literature and then illustrate each with proofs from either the concerned chapter in your textbook or your own reading.10. "My faith is gone!" cried he (Goodman Brown), after one stupefied moment. "There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! for to thee is this world given." Comment on this passage from Hawthorne’s "Young Goodman Brown".练习题答案三、选择题1 、D 2、A 3、C 4、D 5、A 6、B 7、D 8、C 9、B 10、A11、C 12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A 16、C 17、B 18、D 19、B 20、C21、D 22、B 23、B 24、D 25、B四、名词解释1.heroic couplet ( a pair of rhyming iambic pentameter lines)2.Spenserian stanza ( the Spenserian stanza is a group of eight lines of iambic pentameter followed by asix-stress iambic line, with a rhyme scheme ababbcbcc)3.sonnet (a sonnet is a short song in the original meaning of the word. Later it became a poem of 14 lines,usually in iambic pentameter with various rhyming schemes.)4.ode (an ode is a rhymed lyric expressing noble feelings, often addressed to a person or celebrating anevent.)五、问答题1．The characteristics of naturalistic literature are that first it seems that the naturalistic writers depicted the social reality objectively. They turned literary creation into a mechanical record of society, and never made comments on the characters and their behaviors.Secondly, the viewpoint from which naturalistic writers understood problems was “non-moral,” and was not controlled by the contemporary moral and ethical sense.Thirdly, the creative material of a naturalistic writer was infinite. He may make no secret of describing sexual love and man’s selfish desire. He not only discarded the traditional morals, but used the language any nasty circumstances needed without scruple.2—4答案见教材PART TWOII. Reading Comprehension1、A It i s taken from Jone Donne’s "The Sun Rising"B. "fool" refers to the sun.C. Donne’s great prose works are his sermons, the quotation expresses a strong sense of rebelliousspirit, the author tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.2、A. The passage comes from "Gulliver’s Travels" written by Jonanthan Swift.B. The author used the Ironic tone of the passage.C. Romance (prose)/ Adventurous prose is the parody here.3、A. The poem is "My Last Duchess", by Robert Browning.B. The speaker is Duke, he is a villain. The speaker uses the tone of arrogant (傲慢的) here.C. The quoted passage reveals the duke is a self-conceited, cruel and tyrannical man.4、A. The poet is Emily Dickinson.B. "World" refers to the outside world.C. The poem expresses Dickinson’s anxiety about her communication with the outside world.III. Questions and Answers5、This sentence means she, Lady Fortune, is more kind to him because she is taking away both his wealth and life. The spea ker is Antonio, it’s said that his ship have all been lost, and he is penniless, and will have to pay the pound of flesh. (Because Shylock has made a strange bond that requires Antonio to pay him a pound of flesh if he can’t repay him, the money that he bo rrowed for his friend in due time.)6、1) In most of his works, Defoe gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy middle class and showed his sympathy for the lower-class people. Robinson Crusoe was such a character.2) Robison goes out to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned/landed on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24 years there and finally is saved by a ship and returns to England. During the period Robinson leads a harsh and lonely life and survives by growing corps, taming animals, etc. growing from a nave young man into a hardened man.3) With a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy (精力充沛), courage and persistence in overcoming difficulties（在克服困难方面持之以恒）, in struggling against nature, Crusoe becomes the prototype / representative of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. （他是大英帝国缔造者的完美典范，同时也是殖民者的先驱）．4) In the novel, Defoe glorified human labor and the puritan fortitude which the middle class praised highly, so he can be regarded as a spokesman of the bourgeois.7、(本题属于超纲题，书上没有现成的答案，可忽略不计)8、She doesn’t like the old world ---European life. Because she is the American Girl in Europe, a celebrated cultural type who embodies the spirit of the New World. However, innocence, the keynote of her character, turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures.IV Topic Discussion9、1) The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation. Petrarch was regarded as the fountainhead of literature by the English writers. Wyatt introduced the Petrachan sonnet into England and Surrey brought in blank verse.2) The Elizabethan drama, in its totality, is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The Greek and Roman Drams had a great influence on the Elizabeth Drama, especially on Shakespeare’s tragedies. E.g. Hamlet, the first of the great tragedies, is regarded as Shakespeare’s most popular play on the stage.3) Francis Bacon, the first important English essayist, is best known for his essays which greatly influenced the development of his literary form. He was the founder of modern science in England.10、1) Allegorically, Young Goodman Brown becomes an Everyman called Brown, who will be aged in one night by an evil adventure, and the evilness makes everyone a fallen idol in the world.2) "My Faith is gone" is a pun, it means my wife has disappeared or my faith to God has gone. In the angle of Symbol: "Brown look up to the Heaven and resist the wicked one" symbols Brown has the force to resist the evilness of the Nature and he still has the faith to God; but "he is alone in the forest" symbols the society is the place full of sins and evilness, Brown’s strength is not enough at all; then after returning, he lives a dismal and gloomy life symbols he has been crushed down by the social evilness and lost his belief in goodness and piety.。
英国文学期末考试总结
英国文学期末考试总结Part 1单选.1. old English period 作家的写作特点(alliteration, frequent use of kenning ?)2. The Period of Anglo-Saxon is AD450-1066.3. Alexander PopeWhy can’t he get formal education? (他是Catholicism，disable, )He belongs to Scriblerus Club （涂鸦社）. He lives in enlightenment（英国启蒙运动时期古典主义诗人）主要代表作：An Essay on Criticism; Essay on Man; The Rape of the lock;The Dunciad.4. CharlesDickensFirst novel: Oliver TwistTale of 2 cities 描述了：This is a novel telling about individual destinies ina gigantic and turbulent social change like the French Revolution.5. Daniel DefoeHe is a father of English novel for Robinson CrusoeHe was arrested because wrote sth against Tory(本来是在Tory 党工作，但他政治上偏向Whig)6. Emma 嫁给了Mr George Knightley（不是John Knightley）Jane Austen第一部小说的nickname是A ladyShe usually writes about young girls dilemma in love and marriage. Characters in her novel(小说中的女主角均追求与男子思想感情的平等交流与沟通，要求社会地位上的平等权利，坚持独立观察、分析和选择男子的自由。
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名词解释：1. Byronic hero: a variant of the Romantic heroes as a type of character(pursuing freedom),named after the English Romantic Poet Gordon Byron. e.g.<Child Harold’s Pilgrimage>2. Renaissance:The Renaissance indicates a revival of classical arts and sciences in Europe beginning in the 14th and extending to the17th ,marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. E.g Shakespeare’s <The sonnets>3. Romanticism: It flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in western culture during most in the 19th ,beginning as a revolt against classicism. In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. The main works such as George Gordon Byron <She Walks in beauty>4.Metaphysical poetry： A derogatory term invented by John Dryden(16 31-1700 ) and later adopted by Samuel Johnson(1709-1784) describing a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by bold an d ingenious conceits,incongruous imagery,complexity of thought,frequent use of paradox,and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression .The main themes of metaphysical poets are love,death,and religion.Acco rding to them,all things in the universe, no matter how dissimilar they are to each other,are closely unified in God.The chief representative of this sc hool was John Donne. The main works “The Flea”.5. Conceit: A far-fetched simile or metaphor, a literary conceit occurs when the speaker compares two highly dissimilar things. In the following example from Act V of Shakespeare’ s <Richard II>, the imprisoned King Richard compares his cell to the world in the following line: I have been studying how I may compare this prison where I live into the world. It occurs in 17th and the examples is J ohn Donne’s <The Flea>.6. Stream-of –Consciousness: it is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur without any clarification by the author. It is a narrative mode. It occurred in the20th ,and the example is James Joyce <Finnegans Wake>7. Critical Realism: Critical realism is one of the literary genres that flourished mainly in the 19th . It reveals the corrupting influence of the cash upon human nature. Here lies the essentially democratic and humanistic character of critical realism. They often start with a powerfulexposure of the ugliness of the bourgeois world in their works, but their novels usually have happy endings or an impotent compromise at the end.E.g. Charles. Dickens <Great Expectations>8. Dramatic monologue: It is a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaker to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in poem. The occasion is a crucial one in the speak’ s life, and the it reveals the speak ’s personality as well as the incident that is the subject of the poem . Robert Browning’ s <My last Duchess>is a case in point.9. Epiphany(顿悟)：a moment of illumination, usually occurring at the end of the work. It exists in Modernist novels .E.g James Joyce <Araby>.问答题：1.Robert Browning: Dramatic Monologue: In literature, it refers to the occurrence of a single speaker saying something to a silent audience. “My last Duchess” is a typical example in which the duke, speaking to a non-responding audience, reveals not only the reasons for his disapproval of the behavior of his former duchess, but some tyrannical and merciless aspects of his own personality as well.In the poem, a duke speaks about his dead wife. The poem is about murde r,mystery and intrigue, but all in indirect allusions (暗示).Writing style: rhythms are too fast, too rough and unmusical. Syntax is clipped and highly compressed. Similes and illustrations appear too profusely. Allusions and implications are odd and far-fetched -obscurity.2.Stream of consciousnessVirginia Woolf: a rebel brought up in Victorian Age, a new woman formed in Edwardian Days, a great thinker beyond her time.Mrs. Dalloway:Theme： 1)Feminine consciousness and sensitivity, difficulty of human relationships: connection and separation, possibilities and limits of communicativeness, life and death, sanity and insanity, criticism on social system. 2) to abolish the distinction between dream and reality by mixing images with gestures, thoughts with impression, visions with pure sensations, and by presenting them as mirrored on a consciousness.Writing style: flow of consciousness, floating from the mind of one character to the next.3.William BlakeThe TygerTheme: God’s creativity.Literally, Blake is praising the skill and courage of the maker of the tiger, ie., to praise Lord God who created the world. Symbolically, Blake is prai sing the French Revolution and the violent revolutionary forces.The symbolic meanings of the tigerA.Tiger is associated with fire in, firstly, color---the burning fire is in the color between redB.The tiger is symbolic of the revolutionary forces(the French people) in t he French Revolution to which Blake was a supporter. It could destroy th e old system and establish a new oneTone: rationalThe rhythm : trochaic tetrameter写作特征：alliteration, metaphor, anaphora, repetition(Tyger, Tyger) 4.George Bernard Shaw: Mrs. Warren’s professionTheme: mother/daughter relationshipOppression and freedomPoverty and wealth反映：Here Shaw exposes and satires the entire capitalist system, shows his infinite sympathy for the exploited and therefore sharply touches on the most fundamental being of the capitalist system.Time：Victorian societyGenre：struggle melodrama诗歌鉴赏I wandered lonely as a cloudWriter: William WordsworthGenre(体裁)：lyricTone: depression and disconsolateness at the very beginning. But as he catches sight of daffodils stretching as far as the eyes can see and finds himself in the midst of nature, his loneliness turns into relaxation and joy. Thus the shift of the poet’s mood from sadness to happiness manifests the theme --- the great influence of nature upon human being.Rhyme: He employs masculine rhyme in “a, b, a, b, c, c” pattern to receive emphasis as a musical effect. (e.g. “cloud” (a), “hills” (b), “crowd”(a), “daffodils” (b), “trees” (c), “breeze” (c) in stanza 1. He arranges his poem in lines of iambic tetrameter in the main with alternation of iambic trimeter.Rhetorical devices(修辞手法): He also achieves musical quality by the management of alliteration（头韵）(e.g. “That floats on high o’er vales and hills” in line 2 and “Beside the lake, beneath the trees” in line 5) and assonance（类韵）(e.g. “beneath the trees in line 5” and “ They stretched in never-ending line” in line 9) and consonance（一致） (e.g. “ vales and hills” in line 2 ). Besides the repetition of sounds, the poet also makes his poem a strong appeal for us in language that is rhythmical.Ode to the west windWriter: Percy ShelleyGenre: LyricTone: eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from reality.Rhyme: In each stanze,the first 12 lines use terza rima（三行诗）.The last two lines use couplet（偶句）.aba bab cdc ded ee.Rhetorical devices: Personification.。