2017虹口区二模作文讲评
2017年上海各区高三二模作文题汇编及简析
2017年高三二模作文题汇编黄浦区27.随着国门打开,经济发展和文化交流的不断增强,现代生活方式层出不穷;传统生活方式面临种种挑战,人们处于难以抉择的境地。
对“传统生活方式面临种种挑战”的现象谈谈你的看法。
要求:(1)自拟题目;(2)不少于800字。
写作提示:立意做加法:“现代生活方式”;解构后建构。
王小波:这个世界永远在惩罚那些一成不变的人。
嘉定区26.有人说,中国人之间几乎没有辩论,只有争吵。
这是因为“中国式辩论”忽略了辩论的两个最基本要素:事实和逻辑,而专注于姿态与声势。
“中国式辩论”中的常见问题如:偏离论点、情绪激动、攻击对方人品、滥用比喻、使用嘲笑和反问句等等。
对此,你有怎样的思考?请自拟题目,写一篇不少于800宇的文章。
写作提示:混淆逻辑:法律问题用道德来解决(辱母杀人案);对人不对事(成都女司机被打);以爱国的名义砸车等2015年5月3号下午,成都市三环路娇子立交桥附近发生一起打人事件,卢女士在驾车前往三圣乡途中,因行驶变道原因在娇子立交被张某驾车逼停,随后遭到殴打致伤。
事件视频在网络上发布后,人们先是对男司机张某下手之狠表示震惊。
然而,当张某行车记录仪的视频出来以后,舆论又转而谴责女司机卢某开车太没规矩、太危险。
她先是在几秒钟的时间里连续变道两次,直接从张某的车前切了出去,又压着实线下了主路,明显是违章驾驶。
几乎所有的“暴民”都有一个共同的特点,没有独立思考的欲望和能力。
他们普遍喜欢在智力上偷懒,喜欢接受现成的结论,不愿意自己寻找答案。
静安区27.阅读下面的文字,请自拟题目,写一篇不少于800字的文章(不要写成诗歌)。
一位先哲说,人的一生应努力追求这样的境界:为人如山,处事若水。
写作提示:方与圆;刚与柔;伸与屈等闵行区28.阅读下面材料,根据要求作文。
中华老字号是中国商业对民族品牌特有的称谓,它们从形成到发展大都经历了几十年甚至数百年的时间,因此被人们称为“活文物”。
但随着网购的迅速普及和扩展,中华老字号受到巨大冲击,它们大多前景黯淡,有的甚至倒闭。
上海市虹口区2017届九年级4月质量调研(二模)语文试题及答案(word解析版)
虹口区2016~2017学年第二学期初三语文教学质量检测试卷(考试时间100分钟,满分150分)2017.4考生注意:1.本试卷共27题。
2.请将所有答案做在答卷上,做在试卷上一律不计分。
一、文言文(40分)(一)默写(15分)1.欲把西湖比西子,。
(《饮湖上初晴后雨》)2.,为伊消得人憔悴。
(《蝶恋花》)3.山河破碎风飘絮,。
(《过零丁洋》)4.,盖以诱敌。
(《狼》)5.复行数十步,。
(《桃花源记》)(二)阅读下面的诗,完成6—7题。
(4分)山居秋暝空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。
明月松间照,清泉石上流。
竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。
随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。
6.诗中“随意”的意思是(2分)7.下列说法恰当的一项是()(2分)A.“空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。
”表现了秋雨初晴薄暮时分的空气清新怡人。
B.“竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟”有声有色的突出了山居村民生活淳朴欢快。
C.“明月松间照,清泉石上流”以动衬静地描绘了山间月夜景色幽静雅致。
D.“随意春芳歇,王孙自可留”寄托诗人洁身自好,清雅庄重的君子情怀。
(三)阅读下文,完成第8-10题(9分)陈胜者,阳城人也,字涉。
吴广者,阳夏人也,字叔,陈涉少时,尝与人佣耕,辍耕之垄上,怅恨久之,曰:“苟富贵,无相忘。
”佣者笑而应曰:“若为佣耕,何富贵也?”陈涉太息曰:“嗟乎,燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉!”……8.选文出自课文《》,作者。
(2分)9.用现代汉语翻译文中画线句。
(3分)若为佣耕,何富贵也?10.下列对选文理解有误..的一项是()(4分)A.介绍陈涉的身世,表现了他胸怀大志,不甘平庸。
B.“苟富贵,无相忘”表现出对陈涉重感情、讲义气。
C.陈涉的“太息”,表达了他对佣者的同情和怜悯。
D.本段文字为下文陈涉谋划和领导起义埋下了伏笔。
(四)阅读下文,完成第11-13题(12分)明末兵乱,时曾伯祖①年方十一,被掠至临清,遇旧客作②李守敬,以独轮车送归.。
崎岖戎马之间,濒危者数,终不舍去也。
上海市虹口区2017届九年级下学期期中教学质量监测(二模)语文试题(解析版)
上海市虹口区2017届九年级下学期期中教学质量监测(二模)语文试题一、默写1、欲把西湖比西子,________。
(《饮湖上初晴后雨》)2、________,为伊消得人憔悴。
(《蝶恋花》)3、山河破碎风飘絮,________。
(《过零丁洋》)4、________,盖以诱敌。
(《狼》)5、复行数十步,________。
(《桃花源记》)二、诗歌鉴赏6、阅读下面的诗,完成小题。
山居秋暝空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。
明月松间照,清泉石上流。
竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。
随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。
(1)诗中“随意”的意思是________(2)下列说法恰当的一项是()A、“空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。
”表现了秋雨初晴薄暮时分的空气清新怡人。
B、“竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟”有声有色的突出了山居村民生活淳朴欢快。
C、“明月松间照,清泉石上流”以动衬静地描绘了山间月夜景色幽静雅致。
D、“随意春芳歇,王孙自可留”寄托诗人洁身自好,清雅庄重的君子情怀。
三、文言文阅读7、阅读下文,完成小题陈胜者,阳城人也,字涉。
吴广者,阳夏人也,字叔,陈涉少时,尝与人佣耕,辍耕之垄上,怅恨久之,曰:“苟富贵,无相忘。
”佣者笑而应曰:“若为佣耕,何富贵也?”陈涉太息曰:“嗟乎,燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉!”……(1)选文出自课文《________》,作者________。
(2)用现代汉语翻译文中画线句。
若为佣耕,何富贵也?(3)下列对选文理解有误的一项是()A、介绍陈涉的身世,表现了他胸怀大志,不甘平庸。
B、“苟富贵,无相忘”表现出对陈涉重感情、讲义气。
C、陈涉的“太息”,表达了他对佣者的同情和怜悯。
D、本段文字为下文陈涉谋划和领导起义埋下了伏笔。
8、阅读下文,完成小题。
明末兵乱,时曾伯祖①年方十一,被掠至临清,遇旧客作②李守敬,以独轮车送归。
崎岖戎马之间,濒危者数,终不舍去也。
时太夫人,酬以金。
先顿首谢,然后置金于案曰:“故主流离,心所不忍,岂为求赏来耶?”泣拜而别,自后不复再至矣。
上海市各区2017年高考二模语文试卷分类汇编_现代文阅读二
上海市各区2017年高考二模语文试卷分类汇编:现代文阅读二宝山(青浦)区(二)阅读下文,完成第9-12题。
(15分)野草的呼吸迟子建①去年三月,雪花还未从北方收脚,寒流仍环绕冰城、不识相地穿街走巷时,盼春心切的我,一头扎进哈尔滨城郊的室内花卉市场,在姹紫嫣红的花中,选购了几盆色彩艳丽的四季海棠,抱回家中。
②这一簇簇的海棠花儿,在窗前,在桌畔,就像迎春的爆竹,等待点燃。
而悄无声息燃响它们的,就是阳光了。
在最初的一周,它们在日光中心思透明地大炫姿容,开得火爆。
粉色的比朝霞还要明媚,鹅黄的娇嫩得赛过柳芽,橘色的仿佛通身流着蜜,火红的透着葡萄酒般的醇香,让人有啜饮的欲望。
③居室春意盈盈,叫人愉悦。
每日晨起,我都做早课似的,先赏花儿。
我喝一杯凉白开,也给它们灌上一点生水。
也许是浇水频繁的缘故吧,十多天后,我发现粉色的四季海棠首先烂了根,花儿做了噩梦似的,花瓣边缘浮现出黑边,像是生了黑眼圈。
鹅黄的四季海棠叶片萎靡,花朵也蔫了。
我以为它们缺乏营养,于是又浇花卉营养液。
可不管我怎样挽留,四季海棠去意已定,没有一盆不烂根的了,花茎接二连三倒伏,那一团团花朵,自绝于青春似的,香销玉殒。
我只得清理了残花败叶,沮丧地将花盆摞起,扔在阳台一角。
④时隔多日,暮春时分,一个午后,我去阳台晒衣服,无意间低头,发现这摞花盆的最上一盆,有银线似的东西在闪光。
我凑近一看,原来是一棵细若游丝的草,从干硬的土里飞.出来了!它已生长了一段时日了吧,有半根筷子长了。
因为是在板结如水泥般的土里顽强钻出来的,缺光少水,它看上去病恹恹的,单细不说,草色也极为黯淡。
⑤我想一棵草再折腾,也开不出花儿来,所以感慨一番,浇了点水,算是善待了它,由它去了。
⑥那期间我忙于装修新居,忙于外出开会,在家时虽也去阳台舀米取面,晾衣晒被,但哪会顾及一棵草的命运呢。
它就在无人的角落中,挣扎着活。
直到七月下旬我参加香港书展归来,打扫阳台时,才发现它已成了气候。
盆中的野草不是一棵,而是七八棵了,它们相互搀扶着,努力向上,疏朗有致,绿意荡漾。
虹口初三语文二模附
虹口区 2017 学年度第二学期期中教课质量监控测试初三语文(满分 150 分考试时间 100 分钟)考生注意:1 .本试卷共26 题。
2.请将全部答案做在答卷上,做在试卷上一律不计分。
一、文言文( 40 分)(一)默写(15 分)1.几处早莺争暖树,。
(《钱塘湖春行》)2.,为伊消得人憔倅。
(《蝶恋花》)3.屠乃奔倚其下,。
(《狼》)4.,断肠人在天涯。
(《天净沙·秋思》)5.则吾斯役之不幸,。
(《捕蛇者说》)(二)阅读下边一首诗,达成第6—7 题(4 分)黄鹤楼【唐】崔颢古人已乘黄鹤去,此地空余.黄鹤楼。
黄鹤一去不复返,白云千载空悠悠。
晴川历历汉阳树,芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。
日暮乡关哪处是? 烟波江上令人愁。
6. 诗中加点词“余”的意思是(1 分)7. 本诗描绘了诗人时的所见所思,诗中最能归纳作者感情的一个词是(3 分)(三)阅读下文,达成第8 — 10 题( 9 分)陈涉世家(节选)吴广素爱人,士卒多为用者。
将尉醉,广故数言欲亡,忿恚尉,令辱之,以激怒其众。
尉果笞广。
尉剑挺,广起,夺而杀尉。
陈胜佐之,并杀两尉。
召令徒属曰:“公等遇雨,皆已失约,失约当斩。
借第令毋斩,而戍死者固十六七。
且壮士不死即已,死即举大名耳,贵爵将相宁有种乎!”徒属皆曰:“敬授命。
”乃诈称公子扶苏﹑项燕,从民欲也。
袒右,称大楚。
为坛而盟,祭以尉首。
陈胜自立为将军,吴广为都尉。
8 .解说句中的加点词。
( 4 分)( 1)广故数言欲亡(故:)(2)徒属皆曰(属:)..9 .用现代汉语翻译下边的句子。
( 3 分)吴广素爱人,士卒多为用者10 .选文记述了陈胜吴广起义采纳的三个策略,请归纳。
( 2 分)(1)激怒将尉(2)(3)(四)阅读下文,达成第11-14 题( 12 分)①张允济,青州北海人也。
为武阳令,务以德教训下,百姓怀之。
②尝道逢一老母种葱者,结庵① 守之。
允济谓母曰:“但归,不烦守也。
若遇盗,当来告令。
”老母如其言,居一宿而葱大失,母以告允济,悉召葱地十里之男女毕集,允济呼前验问,果得盗葱者。
2017年上海市虹口区中考二模试卷(含听力文本和答案).docx
虹口区2016学年度第二学期期中教学质量监控测试初三英语试卷(满分H •分,考试吋间IH 分钟) 2»n.4Part 1 Listening (第一部分 听力)I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解)(共 30 分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片)(6分)EF G B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题,选)12・ A) Doing all the housework.C) Going out with friends.B) Joining a gym.D) Buying something special.()7. A) Alice. B) Tom. ( )8. A) To Paris. B) To America. ( )9. A) 115 yuan. B) 150 yuan. ( )10. A) It was difficult. B) It was boring. 出最恰当的答案)(8分) C) Jenny. D) Tim. C) To London. D) To Canada. C) 215 yuan. D. 250 yuan. C) It was easy. D) It was delicious.A)B) C)(满分150分,考试时间100分钟) 2017.41. _____2. ________3. _____4. _____5. _________6. _____)13. A) His mother should stop worrying about him.B)His mother should stop watching TV.C)His mother will be ill tomorrow・D)His mother should get up early・D)・ A teenager.)14. A) A hobby. B) A plan. C) Music.C.Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示)(6分)( )15・ Experts work hard to design sport shoes because they are expensive・( )16. The first step in making a new shoe is to design a shoe model.( )17・ Engineers improve the design of a shoe on the pape匚( )18・ Some sport shoes are made to help save energy in a race.( )19・ The materials of sport shoes are not talked about in the passage・( )20. Different sport shoes are designed for people of different weights・D.Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences (听短文,完成下列句子,每空格限填一词) (共10分)21.Boys and girls have some similar activities, but their__________________ are different.22.Boys often ____________________ how good they are at something.23.Boys often ____________________ who is the best.24.Every girl gets ____________________ in the activity like jump rope・25.Girls usually ___________________ instead of giving orders.Part 2 Phonetics, Vocabulary and Grammar(第二部分语音,词汇和语法)II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案)(共20分)26.Our teacher asked us to write down the main points of the speech. Which of the following is correct for theunderlined word in the sentence?A./main/B. /men/C. /ma:n/D. /mein/27.The doctor suggested to the fat boy that he should go on _____diet to keep healthy.A. aB. anC. theD. /28.The children picked some strawbenies on the farm and took ________ h ome.A. themselvesB. their C・ them D. they29.There are some cakes on the table, but you can only take ______ ・A. itB. oneC. anyD. those30.We shared our learning methods with each other ______ half an hour at the last class meeting・A. inB. forC. withD. from32. The poor old man looks _____ and he has nobody to talk with. A. seriously B. lonely C ・ gentlyD. quietly 33. During a holiday season, hotels are _____ than they are off season.34. ■“ ____ you take a message for my parents, Simon?■—OK.A. MayB. MustC. CouldD. Should35. My aunt has worked as a teacher for 20 years, so she has ____ experience in teaching.A. manyB. muchC. fewD. little36. ___ dangerous it is for children to play with electricity!A. WhatB. What a C What an D. How37. You look very tired. Why not _____ t o some light music to relax yourself?A. to listenB. listeningC. listenD. to listening38. Although Alice was busy _____ i n college, she never forgot to phone her parents every day.A. studyingB. study C ・ to study D ・ studied 39. British people and Australian people speak the same language, _____ they have different customs andcultures ・A. andB. butC. soD. for40.1 went over my test papers again and again _______ I could get full marks.A. afterB. since C ・ unless D ・ so that41. By the end of last Friday, we _______ hundreds of books for the children in poor areas.A. have raisedB. raised C ・ would raise 42. Don^t read Wechat while you ____ a cross the street.A. walkB. are walking C ・ were walking 43. One of our school rules is that smart phones _____ in class ・A. aren t allowedB. don" allow C ・ isn't allowed 44. …I will go to Beijing on business this weekend, so I can't go camping with you.D. Tm sorry! B. Fm afraid I can't C. That's all right. D. Ithink so, too. IIL Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can be used only once (将下 列单词或词组填入空格。
2017届上海市各区县初三二模汇编——议论文
2017届初三二模汇编——议论文松江区呼唤城市雕塑的本土化①据悉,不少慕名来松江观光的朋友感叹道:松江是座美丽的城市,但缺乏诱人眼球的城市文化魅力,一路下来,城市雕塑作品不少,但反映本土文化的城市雕塑作品,可谓凤毛麟角,难得一见。
由此看来加速推进城市化建设进程的松江人,有必要慎重审视城市雕塑与城市文化的关系,松江的城市雕塑应该充分反映本土文化的风采。
②享有城市文化之魂、文化之眼、文化名片的城市雕塑,如同镶嵌在城市风貌肌理上的耀眼明珠,是人们认识一个地方,爱上一座城市的文化清泉。
放眼看世界,美国纽约的《自由女神像,》法国巴黎的《大拇指》,丹麦哥本哈根的《美人鱼》,马德里的《堂吉诃德》等城市雕塑,无不以其折射世界的文化光芒而熠熠生辉。
③它山之石,可以攻玉。
话说松江,历史悠久,底蕴深厚,魅力独特,具有充沛的城市雕塑文化底气。
松江城市雕塑足以创造出穿越时空、融入世界、光耀中华的优秀作品。
④以松江农耕文化为例,一如汤村庙出土的古石犁,标志着五千年前松江在中国农业史上,率先由锄耕农业向犁耕农业发展的质变飞跃;二如春申君黄歇率领群众治水的故事,为“浦江之首”塑造“浦江之父”提供了文脉资源;三如“衣被天下”的元代纺织革新能手黄道婆,堪称古代松江的“工商之母”;四如解放初期由陈永康培育的“老来青”,是中国农业发展史上的一座丰碑。
言及松江历史文化名人,灿若星斗,雕塑取材,空间广阔。
更为难得的是,松江多位历史名人具有世界性的文化影响力,如章草《平复帖》的西晋陆机,一支秃笔,万毫齐发。
作为创意文化元素,陆机之笔,足以塑造成为一枚高高举起、光照古今的文化火炬。
如今种种,俯首可拾,不胜枚举,足以能佐证松江城市雕塑题材内容生动,风采卓然,可雕可塑。
⑤充分反映本土文化风采,应成为松江城市雕塑的主题。
因为,只有具备本土内涵的文化雕塑,才是松江这座城市的个性文化身份和特征所在,也只有这样的城市雕塑,才是一本打开的书,让人能从中读到并读懂松江精神和城市抱负。
2017年上海虹口区初三二模语文试题
虹口区2016学年度第二学期期中教学质量监控测试初三语文试卷(满分150分,考试时间100分钟) 2017.4一、文言文(40分)(一)默写(15分)1.欲把西湖比西子,。
(《饮湖上初晴后雨》)2. ,为伊消得人憔悴。
(《蝶恋花》)3.山河破碎风飘絮,。
(《过零丁洋》)4. ,盖以诱敌。
(《狼》)5.复行数十步,。
(《桃花源记》)(二)阅读下面的诗,完成6——7题。
(4分)山居秋暝空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。
明月松间照,清泉石上流。
竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。
随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。
6.诗中“随意”的意思是(2分)7.下列说法恰当的一项是()(2分)A.“空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。
”表现了秋雨初晴薄暮时分的空气清新怡人。
B.“竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟”有声有色地突出了山居村民生活淳朴欢快。
C.“明月松间照,清泉石上流”以动衬静地描绘了山间月夜景色幽静雅致。
D.“随意春芳歇,王孙自可留”寄托诗人洁身自好,清雅庄重的君子情怀。
(三)阅读下文,完成第8——10题(9分)陈胜者,阳城人也,字涉。
吴广者,阳夏人也,字叔,陈涉少时,尝与人佣耕,辍耕之垄上,怅恨久之,曰:“苟富贵,无相忘。
”佣者笑而应曰:“若为佣耕,何富贵也?”陈涉太息曰:“嗟乎,燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉!”……8.选文出自课文《》,作者。
(2分)9.用现代汉语翻译文中画线句。
(3分)若为佣耕,何富贵也?10.下列对选文理解有误..的一项是(4分)A.介绍陈涉的身世,表现了他胸怀大志,不甘平庸。
B.“苟富贵,无相忘”表现出对陈涉重感情、讲义气。
C.陈涉的“太息”,表达了他对佣者的同情和怜悯。
D.本段文字为下文陈涉谋划和领导起义埋下了伏笔。
(四)阅读下文,完成第11——13题(12分)明末兵乱,时曾伯祖①年方十一,被掠至临清,遇旧客作②李守敬,以独轮车送归.。
崎岖戎马之间,濒危者数,终不舍去也。
时太夫人,酬以金。
先顿首谢,然后置金于案曰:“故主流离,心所不忍,岂为求赏来耶?”泣拜而别,自后不复再至矣。
2017上海高三二模作文-视吾家之所寡有
2017上海高三二模作文-视吾家之所寡有多年前,一句“视吾家之所寡有”,震荡了历史烟尘,令人心动,接着便是焚券市义的美谈不胫而走,似乎冥冥之间道出了不证自明的真理,即我们尚未拥有之物决定了个体生命的富有程度。
“富有”一词,在现代语境下往往被滥用,被曲解,被化为炫耀的工具手段,人们固执地将富有的定义局囿于金钱名利等已得之物,殊不知古典理性的告诫。
何谓之富有?顾名思义,富有指向丰盈与饱满。
所得之物,固然带来了物质上的富足,但沉静沉淀之后,心灵却只落得空虚寂寞,那叮叮当当的黄金声,嬉笑喧闹的歌声,仿佛印证了莎士比亚的话,充满了声音与狂热,里面却空无一物,得之物终究是过眼云烟。
过度执迷沉溺反而让我们一无所有。
真正使心灵富有的是吾家之寡有者,它启迪我们缺少什么?应该求索追寻什么?不同人目力所及,所思所想的“吾家之所寡有”断然不同,某种程度上像面镜子映射了你的生命形态。
登高而望,志士仁人痛拍栏杆,思国之未复,中原之未收;而多情女郎望极春愁,思佳人之未回,天伦难叙。
当然,每一种生活形态都无可厚非,但我以为热血方刚的我们,理应把生命交给更高的存在,思道之未复,天地之心未得,仁义之未行,生民之命为立,诸如此类。
我们不该将自己束缚在物质享受的果壳中,而应追求我们所尚未拥有的金刚本性,自性恒常。
我们要成为赫尔曼黑塞笔下对生命有更高要求的一群人,对自己的粗野与鄙陋不甘心。
当我们认清了我们尚未拥有之物,并将其化为意志不断追求时,那些尚未拥有之物反过来深化了我们的生命形态。
海子一生都在追求至纯至真至善,他用诗寻找隐在社会中的太阳,最后他经历了一次美妙的变幻,死于太阳,并进入了太阳。
感谢关注“沈姐的语文课堂”微信公众号!欢迎转发欢迎分享!这里有魔都最新的中高考语文资料!辛弃疾、陆游等爱国诗人,追寻报国、酬志、复中原,因而他们的笔下也想起了金戈声马蹄声,梦里也是铁马冰河,他们将种种不平化作内心沸腾的火焰,最后都成为丰厚的脉矿。
虹口区高三语文二模考试卷
虹口区高三语文二模考试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、现代文阅读(36分) (共3题;共36分)1. (9分) (2017高一下·宜昌月考) 阅读下面的文字,完成文后各题。
论书法表现形式与诗文意境如简易地给书法艺术下一个定义的话,可以说书法是写字的艺术。
”如从美学或者艺术哲学的高度来论的话,“书法是以汉字为素材,以线条及其构成运动为形式,表现性灵境界和体现审美理想的抽象艺术”。
因为书法是以汉字为素材进行创作的,故不写字不能称其为“书法”。
再者书法是以线条运动为表现形式,也就是说,书法必须是讲究技巧的,由技成能,胡乱涂抹无以称“法”。
这两点体现着书法艺术的本体规定性。
表现性灵境界和体现审美理想,即是书法艺术所具有的这种意境创造能力。
书法的艺术表现是通过写字来实现的,写字又必然有其文字的内容,因此,文字内容在书法创作中占有重要的位置。
书法文字内容的精神内质和意境,应与书家的个性气质相适应,才能够创造出优秀的书法作品。
书法艺术再创造绝非易事,应具备两个条件。
一是通会,化度进去。
我们常说,艺术品首先感动作者自己,然后才能够感动他人,而使自己被感动的这种感染力,应当来自你所写文字内容。
这里,选择什么样的文字内容来作为你书法创造的素材,是很重要的。
读懂文字内容,被其文字意境所打动,引起精神上、情感上的共振,从而激发起书家的创作激情,提笔作书便成为主动的、积极的行为,思想情绪、精神状态高度兴奋,此时,才情流注笔端,从而产生意想不到的精神之作。
这就是说,在书法对诗文的艺术再创造过程中,文字内容的意境与书法艺术表现的意境必须合一。
二是裁取率由,我塑我境。
当然,对文学底本的审美,本就有着仁者见仁,智者见智之别。
读者对原作的思路情绪的体认,先天就存在着差异。
要旨在于以我为主,把对文学作品的意境体认,裁剪为我们的意境,用我们的笔墨,营造书法意境。
意境的再造,要依附物质、技巧条件,才能物化现实。
2017年上海市虹口区高考数学二模试卷含详解
2017年上海市虹口区高考数学二模试卷一、填空题(1~6题每小题4分,7~12题每小题4分,本大题满分54分)1.(4分)集合A={1,2,3,4},B={x|(x﹣1)(x﹣5)<0},则A∩B=.2.(4分)复数所对应的点在复平面内位于第象限.3.(4分)已知首项为1公差为2的等差数列{a n},其前n项和为S n,则=.4.(4分)若方程组无解,则实数a=.5.(4分)若(x+a)7的二项展开式中,含x6项的系数为7,则实数a=.6.(4分)已知双曲线,它的渐近线方程是y=±2x,则a的值为.7.(5分)在△ABC中,三边长分别为a=2,b=3,c=4,则=.8.(5分)在平面直角坐标系中,已知点P(﹣2,2),对于任意不全为零的实数a、b,直线l:a(x﹣1)+b(y+2)=0,若点P到直线l的距离为d,则d的取值范围是.9.(5分)函数f(x)=,如果方程f(x)=b有四个不同的实数解x1、x2、x3、x4,则x1+x2+x3+x4=.10.(5分)三条侧棱两两垂直的正三棱锥,其俯视图如图所示,主视图的边界是底边长为2的等腰三角形,则主视图的面积等于.11.(5分)在直角△ABC中,,AB=1,AC=2,M是△ABC内一点,且,若,则λ+2μ的最大值.12.(5分)无穷数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,若对任意的正整数n都有S n∈{k1,k2,k3,…,k10},则a10的可能取值最多有个.二、选择题(每小题5分,满分20分)13.(5分)已知a,b,c是实数,则“a,b,c成等比数列”是“b2=ac”的()A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件14.(5分)l1、l2是空间两条直线,α是平面,以下结论正确的是()A.如果l1∥α,l2∥α,则一定有l1∥l2B.如果l1⊥l2,l2⊥α,则一定有l1⊥αC.如果l1⊥l2,l2⊥α,则一定有l1∥αD.如果l1⊥α,l2∥α,则一定有l1⊥l215.(5分)已知函数,x1、x2、x3∈R,且x1+x2>0,x2+x3>0,x3+x1>0,则f(x1)+f(x2)+f(x3)的值()A.一定等于零B.一定大于零C.一定小于零D.正负都有可能16.(5分)已知点M(a,b)与点N(0,﹣1)在直线3x﹣4y+5=0的两侧,给出以下结论:①3a﹣4b+5>0;②当a>0时,a+b有最小值,无最大值;③a2+b2>1;④当a>0且a≠1时,的取值范围是(﹣∞,﹣)∪(,+∞).正确的个数是()A.1B.2C.3D.4三、解答题(本大题满分76分)17.(14分)如图ABC﹣A1B1C1是直三棱柱,底面△ABC是等腰直角三角形,且AB=AC=4,直三棱柱的高等于4,线段B1C1的中点为D,线段BC的中点为E,线段CC1的中点为F.(1)求异面直线AD、EF所成角的大小;(2)求三棱锥D﹣AEF的体积.18.(14分)已知定义在(﹣,)上的函数f(x)是奇函数,且当x∈(0,)时,f(x)=.(1)求f(x)在区间(﹣,)上的解析式;(2)当实数m为何值时,关于x的方程f(x)=m在(﹣,)有解.19.(14分)已知数列{a n}是首项等于且公比不为1的等比数列,S n是它的前n项和,满足.(1)求数列{a n}的通项公式;(2)设b n=log a a n(a>0且a≠1),求数列{b n}的前n项和T n的最值.20.(16分)已知椭圆C:=1(a>b>0),定义椭圆C上的点M(x0,y0)的“伴随点”为.(1)求椭圆C上的点M的“伴随点”N的轨迹方程;(2)如果椭圆C上的点(1,)的“伴随点”为(,),对于椭圆C上的任意点M及它的“伴随点”N,求的取值范围;(3)当a=2,b=时,直线l交椭圆C于A,B两点,若点A,B的“伴随点”分别是P,Q,且以PQ为直径的圆经过坐标原点O,求△OAB的面积.21.(18分)对于定义域为R的函数y=f(x),部分x与y的对应关系如表:x﹣2﹣1012345y02320﹣102(1)求f{f[f(0)]};(2)数列{x n}满足x1=2,且对任意n∈N*,点(x n,x n+1)都在函数y=f(x)的图象上,求x1+x2+…+x4n;(3)若y=f(x)=Asin(ωx+φ)+b,其中A>0,0<ω<π,0<φ<π,0<b<3,求此函数的解析式,并求f(1)+f(2)+…+f(3n)(n∈N*).2017年上海市虹口区高考数学二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、填空题(1~6题每小题4分,7~12题每小题4分,本大题满分54分)1.(4分)集合A={1,2,3,4},B={x|(x﹣1)(x﹣5)<0},则A∩B={2,3,4} .【考点】1E:交集及其运算.【专题】37:集合思想;4R:转化法;5J:集合.【分析】解关于B的不等式,求出A、B的交集即可.【解答】解:A={1,2,3,4},B={x|(x﹣1)(x﹣5)<0}={x|1<x<5},则A∩B={2,3,4};故答案为:{2,3,4}.【点评】本题考查了集合的运算,考查不等式问题,是一道基础题.2.(4分)复数所对应的点在复平面内位于第四象限.【考点】A5:复数的运算.【专题】35:转化思想;5N:数系的扩充和复数.【分析】利用复数的运算法则、几何意义即可得出.【解答】解:复数==﹣i所对应的点在复平面内位于第四象限.故答案为:四.【点评】本题考查了复数的运算法则、几何意义,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于基础题.3.(4分)已知首项为1公差为2的等差数列{a n},其前n项和为S n,则=4.【考点】6F:极限及其运算;85:等差数列的前n项和.【专题】15:综合题;35:转化思想;4G:演绎法;54:等差数列与等比数列.【分析】由题意,a n=1+2(n﹣1)=2n﹣1,S n=n+=n2,即可求极限.【解答】解:由题意,a n=1+2(n﹣1)=2n﹣1,S n=n+=n2,∴==4,故答案为:4.【点评】本题考查等差数列的通项与求和,考查极限的计算,比较基础.4.(4分)若方程组无解,则实数a=±2.【考点】53:函数的零点与方程根的关系.【专题】11:计算题;35:转化思想;5B:直线与圆.【分析】根据题意,若方程组无解,则直线ax+2y=3与直线2x+2y=2平行,由直线平行的判定方法分析可得a的值,即可得答案.【解答】解:根据题意,方程组无解,则直线ax+2y=3与直线2x+2y=2平行,则有a×a=2×2,且a×2≠2×3,即a2=4,a≠3,解可得a=±2,故答案为:±2.【点评】本题考查直线的一般式方程,涉及方程与直线的关系以及直线平行的判定方法,注意关于x、y的二元一次方程组无解等价于两直线平行.5.(4分)若(x+a)7的二项展开式中,含x6项的系数为7,则实数a=1.【考点】DA:二项式定理.【专题】34:方程思想;35:转化思想;5P:二项式定理.=x r a7﹣r,令r=6,则=7,解【分析】(x+a)7的二项展开式的通项公式:T r+1得a.【解答】解:(x+a)7的二项展开式的通项公式:T r=x r a7﹣r,+1令r=6,则=7,解得a=1.故答案为:1.【点评】本题考查了二项式定理的应用,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于基础题.6.(4分)已知双曲线,它的渐近线方程是y=±2x,则a的值为2.【考点】KC:双曲线的性质.【专题】11:计算题;34:方程思想.【分析】根据题意,由双曲线的方程可得其渐近线方程为:y=±ax,结合题意中渐近线方程可得a=2,即可得答案.【解答】解:根据题意,双曲线的方程为:,其焦点在x轴上,其渐近线方程为:y=±ax,又有其渐近线方程是y=±2x,则有a=2;故答案为:2.【点评】本题考查双曲线的几何性质,关键是掌握双曲线的渐近线方程计算方法.7.(5分)在△ABC中,三边长分别为a=2,b=3,c=4,则=.【考点】HP:正弦定理.【专题】11:计算题;35:转化思想;49:综合法;56:三角函数的求值;58:解三角形.【分析】由已知利用余弦定理可求cosA,cosB,进而利用同角三角函数基本关系式可求sinA,sinB的值,即可利用二倍角的正弦函数公式化简求值得解.【解答】解:在△ABC中,∵a=2,b=3,c=4,∴cosA==,可得:sinA==,cosB==,sinB==,∴===.另法:====.故答案为:.【点评】本题主要考查了余弦定理,同角三角函数基本关系式,二倍角的正弦函数公式在三角函数化简求值中的应用,考查了计算能力和转化思想,属于基础题.8.(5分)在平面直角坐标系中,已知点P(﹣2,2),对于任意不全为零的实数a、b,直线l:a(x﹣1)+b(y+2)=0,若点P到直线l的距离为d,则d的取值范围是[0,5] .【考点】IT:点到直线的距离公式.【专题】15:综合题;34:方程思想;4G:演绎法;5B:直线与圆.【分析】由题意,直线过定点Q(1,﹣2),PQ⊥l时,d取得最大值=5,直线l过P时,d取得最小值0,可得结论.【解答】解:由题意,直线过定点Q(1,﹣2),PQ⊥l时,d取得最大值=5,直线l过P时,d取得最小值0,∴d的取值范围[0,5],故答案为[0,5].【点评】本题考查求d的取值范围,正确运用点到直线的距离公式是关键.9.(5分)函数f(x)=,如果方程f(x)=b有四个不同的实数解x1、x2、x3、x4,则x1+x2+x3+x4=4.【考点】53:函数的零点与方程根的关系.【专题】31:数形结合;44:数形结合法;51:函数的性质及应用.【分析】作出f(x)的图象,由题意可得y=f(x)和y=b的图象有4个交点,不妨设x1<x2<x3<x4,由x1、x2关于原点对称,x3、x4关于(2,0)对称,计算即可得到所求和.【解答】解:作出函数f(x)=的图象,方程f(x)=b有四个不同的实数解,等价为y=f(x)和y=b的图象有4个交点,不妨设它们交点的横坐标为x1、x2、x3、x4,且x1<x2<x3<x4,由x1、x2关于原点对称,x3、x4关于(2,0)对称,可得x1+x2=0,x3+x4=4,则x1+x2+x3+x4=4.故答案为:4.【点评】本题考查函数方程的转化思想,考查数形结合思想方法以及对称性的运用,考查运算能力,属于中档题.10.(5分)三条侧棱两两垂直的正三棱锥,其俯视图如图所示,主视图的边界是底边长为2的等腰三角形,则主视图的面积等于.【考点】L7:简单空间图形的三视图.【专题】35:转化思想;45:等体积法.【分析】由题意,正三棱锥有三个面都是等腰直角三角形,且边长相等.根据俯视图可得,底面是边长为2的等边三角形.利用体积法,求其高,即可得主视图的高.可得主视图的面积【解答】解:由题意,正三棱锥有三个面都是等腰直角三角形,(如图:SAB,SBC,SAC)且边长相等为,其体积为V==根据俯视图可得,底面是边长为2的等边三角形.其面积为:.设主视图的高OS=h,则=.∴h=.主视图的边界是底边长为2的等腰三角形,其高为.∴得面积S=.故答案为【点评】本题考查了三视图与空间几何体的体积和表面积的计算,考虑空间想象能力,解决本题的关键是得到该几何体的形状.11.(5分)在直角△ABC中,,AB=1,AC=2,M是△ABC内一点,且,若,则λ+2μ的最大值.【考点】9H:平面向量的基本定理.【专题】35:转化思想;4R:转化法;5A:平面向量及应用.【分析】建立平面直角坐标系,则A(0,0),B(0,1),C(2,0),M(,),(0<θ<),由已知可得,则λ+2μ=,即可求解.【解答】解:如图建立平面直角坐标系,则A(0,0),B(0,1),C(2,0)M(,)(0<θ<),∵,∴(.∴,则λ+2μ=,∴当θ=时,λ+2μ最大值为,故答案为:【点评】本题考查向量的线性运算,平面向量的基本定理及其意义,建立坐标系,利用坐标运算,是一种常见的处理技巧,属于中档题.12.(5分)无穷数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,若对任意的正整数n都有S n∈{k1,k2,k3,…,k10},则a10的可能取值最多有91个.【考点】8E:数列的求和.【专题】11:计算题;35:转化思想;4R:转化法;54:等差数列与等比数列;5O:排列组合.【分析】根据数列递推公式可得a10=S10﹣S9,而S10,S9∈{k1,k2,k3,…,k10},分类讨论即可求出答案.【解答】解:a10=S10﹣S9,而S10,S9∈{k1,k2,k3,…,k10},若S10≠S9,则有A102=10×9=90种,若S10=S9,则有a10=0,根据分类计数原理可得,共有90+1=91种,故答案为:91【点评】本题考查了数列的递推公式和分类计数原理,考查了学生的转化能力,属于中档题二、选择题(每小题5分,满分20分)13.(5分)已知a,b,c是实数,则“a,b,c成等比数列”是“b2=ac”的()A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【考点】29:充分条件、必要条件、充要条件.【专题】5L:简易逻辑.【分析】根据充分条件和必要条件的定义结合等比数列的定义进行判断即可.【解答】解:若a,b,c成等比数列,则b2=ac成立,若a=b=c=0,满足b2=ac,但a,b,c不能成等比数列,故“a,b,c成等比数列”是“b2=ac”的充分不必要条件,故选:A.【点评】本题主要考查充分条件和必要条件的判断,根据等比数列的定义是解决本题的关键.14.(5分)l1、l2是空间两条直线,α是平面,以下结论正确的是()A.如果l1∥α,l2∥α,则一定有l1∥l2B.如果l1⊥l2,l2⊥α,则一定有l1⊥αC.如果l1⊥l2,l2⊥α,则一定有l1∥αD.如果l1⊥α,l2∥α,则一定有l1⊥l2【考点】LP:空间中直线与平面之间的位置关系.【专题】2A:探究型;38:对应思想;48:分析法;5F:空间位置关系与距离.【分析】由空间中直线与直线、直线与平面、平面与平面的关系逐一核对四个选项得答案.【解答】解:若l1∥α,l2∥α,则有l1∥l2或l1与l2相交或l1与l2异面,故A错误;如果l1⊥l2,l2⊥α,则有l1∥α或l1⊂α,故B、C错误;如果l1⊥α,则l1垂直α内的所有直线,又l2∥α,则过l2与α相交的平面交α于a,则l2∥a,∴l1⊥l2,故D正确.故选:D.【点评】本题考查空间中的线面关系,考查空间想象能力和思维能力,是中档题.15.(5分)已知函数,x1、x2、x3∈R,且x1+x2>0,x2+x3>0,x3+x1>0,则f(x1)+f(x2)+f(x3)的值()A.一定等于零B.一定大于零C.一定小于零D.正负都有可能【考点】57:函数与方程的综合运用.【专题】15:综合题;35:转化思想;4G:演绎法;51:函数的性质及应用.【分析】先判断奇偶性和单调性,先由单调性定义由自变量的关系得到函数关系,然后三式相加得解.【解答】解:函数,f(﹣x)=﹣f(x),函数f(x)是奇函数,根据同增为增,可得函数f(x)是增函数,∵x1+x2>0,x2+x3>0,x3+x1>0,∴x1>﹣x2,x2>﹣x3x3>﹣x1,∴f(x1)>f(﹣x2,f(x2)>f(﹣x3),f(x3)>f(﹣x1)∴f(x1)+f(x2)>0,f(x2)+f(x3)>0,f(x3)+f(x1)>0,三式相加得:f(x1)+f(x2)+f(x3)>0,故选:B.【点评】本题主要考查函数的奇偶性和单调性的定义,关键是通过变形转化到定义模型.16.(5分)已知点M(a,b)与点N(0,﹣1)在直线3x﹣4y+5=0的两侧,给出以下结论:①3a﹣4b+5>0;②当a>0时,a+b有最小值,无最大值;③a2+b2>1;④当a>0且a≠1时,的取值范围是(﹣∞,﹣)∪(,+∞).正确的个数是()A.1B.2C.3D.4【考点】2K:命题的真假判断与应用.【专题】15:综合题;35:转化思想;44:数形结合法;59:不等式的解法及应用.【分析】根据点M(a,b)与点N(1,0)在直线3x﹣4y+5=0的两侧,可以画出点M(a,b)所在的平面区域,进而结合二元一次不等式的几何意义,两点之间距离公式的几何意义,及两点之间连线斜率的几何意义,逐一分析四个命题得结论.【解答】解:∵点M(a,b)与点N(0,﹣1)在直线3x﹣4y+5=0的两侧,∴(3a﹣4b+5)(3×0+4+5)<0,即3a﹣4b+5<0,故①错误;当a>0时,a+b>,a+b即无最小值,也无最大值,故②错误;设原点到直线3x﹣4y+5=0的距离为d,则d=,则a2+b2>4,故③正确;当a>0且a≠1时,表示点M(a,b)与P(1,﹣1)连线的斜率.∵当a=0,b=时,=,又直线3x﹣4y+5=0的斜率为,故的取值范围为(﹣∞,﹣)∪(,+∞),故④正确.∴正确命题的个数是2个.故选:B.【点评】本题考查的知识点是命题的真假判断与应用,线性规划的简单应用,考查数学转化思想方法,是中档题.三、解答题(本大题满分76分)17.(14分)如图ABC﹣A1B1C1是直三棱柱,底面△ABC是等腰直角三角形,且AB=AC=4,直三棱柱的高等于4,线段B1C1的中点为D,线段BC的中点为E,线段CC1的中点为F.(1)求异面直线AD、EF所成角的大小;(2)求三棱锥D﹣AEF的体积.【考点】LF:棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积;LM:异面直线及其所成的角.【专题】31:数形结合;41:向量法;5F:空间位置关系与距离.【分析】(1)以A为原点建立空间坐标系,求出,的坐标,利用向量的夹角公式得出AD,EF的夹角;,代入体积公式计算.(2)证明AE⊥平面DEF,求出AE和S△DEF【解答】解:(1)以A为坐标原点,AB、AC、AA1分别为x轴,y轴,z轴建立空间直角坐标系.依题意有D(2,2,4),A(0,0,0),E(2,2,0),F(0,4,2),所以.设异面直线AD、EF所成角为α,则==,所以,即异面直线AD、EF所成角的大小为.(2)∵AB=AC=4,AB⊥AC,∴,,DE=AA1=4,==4,∴S△DEF由E为线段BC的中点,且AB=AC,∴AE⊥BC,又BB1⊥面ABC,∴AE⊥BB1,∴AE⊥面BB1C1C,∴,∴三棱锥D﹣AEF的体积为.【点评】本题考查了异面直线所成的角,棱锥的体积计算,属于中档题.18.(14分)已知定义在(﹣,)上的函数f(x)是奇函数,且当x∈(0,)时,f(x)=.(1)求f(x)在区间(﹣,)上的解析式;(2)当实数m为何值时,关于x的方程f(x)=m在(﹣,)有解.【考点】3K:函数奇偶性的性质与判断.【专题】15:综合题;35:转化思想;4G:演绎法;51:函数的性质及应用.【分析】(1)利用奇函数的定义,结合x∈(0,)时,f(x)=,求f (x)在区间(﹣,)上的解析式;(2)分类讨论,利用函数的解析式,可得结论.【解答】解:(1)设,则,∵f(x)是奇函数,则有…(4分)∴f(x)=…(7分)(2)设,令t=tanx,则t>0,而.∵1+t>1,得,从而,∴y=f(x)在的取值范围是0<y<1.…(11分)又设,则,由此函数是奇函数得f(x)=﹣f(﹣x),0<f(﹣x)<1,从而﹣1<f(x)<0.…(13分)综上所述,y=f(x)的值域为(﹣1,1),所以m的取值范围是(﹣1,1).…(14分)【点评】本题考查奇函数的定义,考查分类讨论的数学思想,属于中档题.19.(14分)已知数列{a n}是首项等于且公比不为1的等比数列,S n是它的前n项和,满足.(1)求数列{a n}的通项公式;(2)设b n=log a a n(a>0且a≠1),求数列{b n}的前n项和T n的最值.【考点】8E:数列的求和;8H:数列递推式.【专题】38:对应思想;4C:分类法;54:等差数列与等比数列.【分析】(1)根据求和公式列方程求出q,代入通项公式即可;(2)对a进行讨论,判断{b n}的单调性和首项的符号,从而得出T n的最值.【解答】解:(1)∵,∵q≠1,∴.整理得q2﹣3q+2=0,解得q=2或q=1(舍去).∴.(2)b n=log a a n=(n﹣5)log a2.∴数列{b n}是以log a2为公差,以﹣4log a2为首项的等差数列,∴T n=﹣4nlog a2+log a2=•log a2.1)当a>1时,有log a2>0,数列{b n}是以log a2为公差,以﹣4log a2为首项的等差数列,∴{b n}是递增数列,∴T n没有最大值.由b n≤0,得n≤5.所以(T n)min=T4=T5=﹣10log a2.2)当0<a<1时,有log a2<0,数列{b n}是以log a2为公差的等差数列,∴{b n}是首项为正的递减等差数列.∴T n没有最小值.令b n≥0,得n≤5,(T n)max=T4=T5=﹣10log a2.【点评】本题考查了等比数列,等差数列的性质,数列求和,属于中档题.20.(16分)已知椭圆C:=1(a>b>0),定义椭圆C上的点M(x0,y0)的“伴随点”为.(1)求椭圆C上的点M的“伴随点”N的轨迹方程;(2)如果椭圆C上的点(1,)的“伴随点”为(,),对于椭圆C上的任意点M及它的“伴随点”N,求的取值范围;(3)当a=2,b=时,直线l交椭圆C于A,B两点,若点A,B的“伴随点”分别是P,Q,且以PQ为直径的圆经过坐标原点O,求△OAB的面积.【考点】K4:椭圆的性质.【专题】35:转化思想;41:向量法;5A:平面向量及应用;5D:圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程.【分析】(1)由,代入椭圆方程即可求得椭圆C上的点M的“伴随点”N 的轨迹方程;(2)由题意,求得椭圆的方程,根据向量的坐标运算,即可求得的取值范围;(3)求得椭圆方程,设方程为y=kx+m,代入椭圆方程,利用韦达定理,根据向量数量积的坐标求得3+4k2=2m2,弦长公式及点到直线的距离公式,即可求得△OAB的面积,直线l的斜率不存在时,设方程为x=m,代入椭圆方程,即可求得△OAB的面积.【解答】解:(1)设N(x,y)由题意,则,又,∴,从而得x2+y2=1…(3分)(2)由,得a=2.又,得.…(5分)∵点M(x0,y0)在椭圆上,,,且,•=(x0,y0)(,)=+=x02+,由于,的取值范围是[,2](8分)(3)设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),则;1)当直线l的斜率存在时,设方程为y=kx+m,由,得(3+4k2)x2+8kmx+4(m2﹣3)=0;有①…(10分)由以PQ为直径的圆经过坐标原点O可得:3x1x2+4y1y2=0;整理得:②将①式代入②式得:3+4k2=2m2,…(12分)3+4k2>0,则m2>0,△=48m2>0,又点O到直线y=kx+m的距离,丨AB丨==×=×,∴…(14分)2)当直线l的斜率不存在时,设方程为x=m(﹣2<m<2)联立椭圆方程得;代入3x1x2+4y1y2=0,得,解得m2=2,从而,S△OAB=丨AB丨×d=丨m丨丨y1﹣y2丨=,综上:△OAB的面积是定值.…(16分)【点评】本题考查椭圆的标准方程及简单几何性质,直线与椭圆的位置关系,考查韦达定理,弦长公式,向量数量积的坐标运算,考查计算能力,属于难题.21.(18分)对于定义域为R的函数y=f(x),部分x与y的对应关系如表:x﹣2﹣1012345 y02320﹣102(1)求f{f[f(0)]};(2)数列{x n}满足x1=2,且对任意n∈N*,点(x n,x n+1)都在函数y=f(x)的图象上,求x1+x2+…+x4n;(3)若y=f(x)=Asin(ωx+φ)+b,其中A>0,0<ω<π,0<φ<π,0<b<3,求此函数的解析式,并求f(1)+f(2)+…+f(3n)(n∈N*).【考点】3A:函数的图象与图象的变换;H2:正弦函数的图象.【专题】32:分类讨论;35:转化思想;4R:转化法.【分析】(1)根据复合函数的性质,由内往外计算可得答案.(2)根据点(x n,x n+1)都在函数y=f(x)的图象上,带入,化简,不难发现函数y是周期函数,即可求解x1+x2+…+x4n的值.(3)根据表中的数据,带入计算即可求解函数的解析式.【解答】解:(1)根据表中的数据:f{f[f(0)]}=f(f(3))=f(﹣1)=2.(2)由题意,x1=2,点(x n,x n+1)都在函数y=f(x)的图象上,=f(x n)即x n+1∴x2=f(x1)=f(2)=0,x3=f(x2)=3,x4=f(x3)=﹣1,x5=f(x4)=2∴x5=x1,∴函数y是周期为4的函数,故得:x1+x2+…+x4n=4n.(3)由题意得由(1)﹣(2)∴sin(ω+φ)=sin(﹣ω+φ)∴sinωcosφ=0.又∵0<ω<π∴sinω≠0.∴cosφ=0而0<φ<π∴从而有.∴2A2﹣4A+2﹣2A2+3A=0.∴A=2.b=1,∵0<ω<π,∴.∴.此函数的最小正周期T==6,f(6)=f(0)=3∵f(1)+f(2)+f(3)+f(4)+f(5)+f(6)=6,∴①当n=2k(k∈N*)时.f(1)+f(2)+…+f(3n)=f(1)+f(2)+…+f(6k)=k[f(1)+f(2)+…+f(6)]=6k=3n.②当n=2k﹣1(k∈N*)时.f(1)+f(2)+…+f(3n)=f(1)+f(2)+…+f(6k)﹣f(6k﹣2)﹣f(6k﹣1)﹣f(6k)=k[f(1)+f(2)+…+f(6)]﹣5=6k﹣5=3n ﹣2.【点评】本题主要考查对三角函数的化简能力和三角函数的图象和性质的运用,求出解析式是解决本题的关键.属于中档题.。
2017届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作(Summary Writing)--学生版(已校对)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.How Safe Is Your Bed?Do you consider your bed a safe place of rest and calm? Do you sink into a mattress (床垫) after a hard day’s work and feel tension and stress drain away as you rest your weary head on a soft pillow? Well, you might not feel so relaxed if you knew that tiny pests were hiding there! It seems that beds may not be such a good place for our health and happiness ---- they could actually be making us ill!Recent studies have shown that bacteria, fungi and dust mites (螨虫), some smaller than the diameter of a hair, live in our bedding. When we move around in our sleep, we disturb them and they are bounced up into the air -- which we then breathe in as we sleep. According to the American Lung Association, four out of five households in the United States now have high levels of dust mites, although it’s not the mites themselves that cause the problems, but their droppings. These are “highly allergenic(致敏的)” according to Dr William Berger, a fellow with the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. “Even if you aren’t allergic… they can still irritate you, the way pepper would if it blew into your nose and eyes.”Brendan Boor, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, who carries out bed research, also found that bed dust in the air leads to allergies -- causing watery eyes, sneezing, coughs and asthma. He has recommended ways to limit our exposure to these boring allergens: Firstly, he suggests vacuuming your mattress regularly –weekly, or even daily. He also recommends doing away with carpets and washing floors. Using allergen-proof bed covers, he says, can reduce the risk of getting allergies. In addition, washing bedding and pillows frequently can help, as can a portable air cleaner placed near the bed.If you do as Brendan Boor suggests, you will breathe in cleaner air as you sleep … or will you? Is it really safe for you to go back in your bed?IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Moustache(胡子)for Cash“Movember”, as the annual event is known, sees men in countries including the UK, US and Australia grow out their facial hair while collecting sponsorship money from friends, family and colleagues, with the money going to cancer charities.The month of no shaving began unofficially in 2003, when a pair of men from Australia persuaded their family to join them in growing a moustache in order to encourage men to get themselves checked for cancer, which is seen as distasteful by some males. A year later, the group decided to set up the Movember Foundation, asking friends and colleagues to offer donations of money to support their efforts, and raised a massive A$54,000 which was shared between a number of health projects. With thanks most likely to social media, Movember soon went global and the foundation now operates worldwide, having raised over £440 million since 2004. The effects of the fundraising are wide-reaching, which had made a significant discovery in the treatment of cancer.The issue of some men being too self-willed to visit their doctor for a checkup, or perhaps being raised in a culture of “tough it out”, has led some males to neglect their health, which may mean it could be too late if something potentially deadly did develop. However, Movember is helping to break down the shame of male health by making it more accessible, meaning that men are more likely to visit their doctors. They found a way to appeal to men in a way that other campaigns just don’t – with a sort of blokey① jokiness.①blokey: behaving in a way that is supposed to be typical of men , especially men enjoying themselves in a group.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Every year, more and more parents complain to their children’s schools about PE. They believe that their children shouldn’t have to participate in physical activity if they don’t want to .Supporters of PE, however, believe that it is a crucial element of all-round schooling and our society’s well-being. They insist PE in schools remains one of the few places by which the youth can be forced to participate in aerobic exercise.Firstly, they believe that participation in sport promotes health. In fact physical education is a springboard for involvement in sport and physical activities throughout life. Government is, or should be, concerned with the health of its citizens. Encouraging physical activity in the young through compulsory PE fights child obesity and contributes to forming lifelong habits of exercise. This doesn’t have to be through traditional team sports; increasingly schools are able to offer exercise in the form of swimming, gymnastics, dance, etc.Besides, physical education helps to develop character and the mutual(相互的)respect required to succeed in an adult environment. Playing team sports builds character and encourages students to work with others, as they would be expected to do in most business or sporting environments. Sport teaches children how to win and lose with good grace and builds a strong school spirit through competition with other institutions. It is often the experience of playing on a team together that builds the strongest friendships at school, which endure for years afterwards.Finally, the pursuit for national sporting achievement begins in schools. If schools don’t have compulsory PE, it is much harder to pick out, develop and equip athletes to represent the country on a wider stage. However, it’s much easier to find suitable individuals with a full sports program in every school.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.HopeNothing in my life had prepared me for what I had to do. Choosing my words carefully, and fighting to stay calm, I told my 4-year-old daughter that her grandmother had suffered a stroke(中风),that she was unconscious, and that the doctors said she would probably never wake up. As she moved closer to me, Amelia looked at me, eyes bright, and said,“Maybe Grandma will be okay.”“Maybe she will,”I said, keeping back the tears, But I knew better. I was flying up to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, from our Florida home in the morning to say good-bye to my mom.The rest of that awful week, I joined my brother and father sitting by my mother’s side in the hospital room. I held her hand and talked to her. I told her that we still needed her. I told her that it wasn’t time to leave yet. I told her how much I loved her. And I told her that her little granddaughter, Amelia, believed that she’d get better. The doctors, with all their years of training and experience, offered no hope for recovery. The damage was simply too extensive.Then, a couple of weeks later, an odd thing happened. Mom woke up. She regained consciousness. Persevered through a long and tough recovery, during which she had to learn to walk, read, and write all over again, and eventually returned home to Dad. The only one who wasn’t shocked was Amerlia. The doctors couldn’t explain it. Amelia didn’t need to. Hope came as naturally to her as breathings.So why are we so afraid to hope sometimes? Maybe it’s because over the year, life’s disappointments can turn us to disillusionment(理想破灭). How many times have you heard someone say:“Hope for the best, expect the worst”?That’s not really hope at all.Hope is being able to look at our world with all of the joy and wonder of a child.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Meet The Member Who Quit SugarWhen I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’t feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile.Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy.But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.It started with my mum. She staged an intervention(干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change - I needed to change - and she could see how unhappy I was.She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shock horror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’clock hunger hits.But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love that personal time.Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words “quit sugar”. It’s not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is w here I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses or skirts, and take leadership roles to put myself out there and develop my social skills.I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet - quitting sugar or otherwise - to share their decision with people. Develop a support network, online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when you’re down. And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.There are various means consumers can do if they find that an item they bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s claims. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the placeof purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general st atements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo does not work”. The store manager may advice the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and firmly as possible. If a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go to a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumer’s rights.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why do we read poetry? First obvious one: because we enjoy it. The only other reason is for academic purposes, and that's not why this is here.Many of us read poetry simply because we often feel depressed and hopelessly lost, and in poetry we see how beautiful and strange everything is. So in that way poetry calms our anxiety.There are many different kinds of poems. They are not all calming. Some poems make me anxious, angry, scared, and sad, which is why I value them. As a reader, I want a full meal, not just dessert. I want the sweet and the bitter. Often, I read poetry when I’m already relaxed. In fact, I read more when I'm not stressed out.Here are the main reasons I respond to poetry, as far as I can tell. Metrical (格律的) poems are about setting up rules and then bending them. Usually this is done by setting up a rhythm and then breaking it or almost breaking it, and then returning to it again. This satisfies my desire for order and also my desire for testing boundaries.Poetry plays with language and often puts words together in surprising ways, which is thrilling the way that food can be, when the chef has paired ingredients you never thought would taste good together but somehow do.Many poems are dense. Words mean two or three things at once and lots of suggestions are packed between the lines. This is intellectually inspiring and it allows me to read the same poem over and over, always finding new things in it.And, of course, there’s the subject matter. It interests me ju st as it would if the same subject was explored in a story or essay. Not all poems interest me in this way, but then not all stories and essays do, either.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wearable technology can reportedly tell you a lot more than just the number of calories you’re burning or how many steps you’ve walked… That clever smartwatch can actually tell that you’re about to get a cold, days before you start feeling poorly. As New Scientist reports, researchers at Stanford University in California have discovered that wearable tech can now detect when you’re about to fall prey to (感染) a frightening winter bug, simply by tracking your vital statistics.After monitoring 40 smartwatch users for up to two years, the team has demonstrated that the devices can be used to detect the first signs of coming illness. The particip ants’ pulse and skin temperature were continuously monitored throughout the period, with the scientists noting that their smartwatches recorded unusually higher heart rates and skin temperatures up to three days before the volunteers began displaying symptoms of cold or flu.Study leader Michael Snynder said: “Once these wearables collect enough data to know what your normal baseline readings are, they can get very good at sensing when something goes wrong. We think that if your heart rate and skin temperat ure are elevated for about two hours, there’s a strong chance you’re getting sick.” “Continuous tracking of your vital signs is more informative than having a doctor measure them once a year and comparing them with population averages,” he added.The team now hopes to create an algorithm (算法) that will let smartwatches notify you when you’re about to get sick. Well, at least that might give us the chance to stock up on vitaminsand wrap up warm before the germ attacks!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Fun Offices Make Workers Happier?In order to make their employees happier, companies around the world have been busy installing play equipment in the workplace. Table football, computer games and action figures have become common in some workplaces.Despite all this effort, unfortunately, work still makes people unhappy. According to a study by the London School of Economics, the place where people feel most miserable is work.To proceed with an emphasis on being happy, however, other emotions are crowded out. Anger, sadness, anxiety and uncertainty all become a no-no. Such a ban on negative emotions can be emotionally bad for employees. A number of studies have shown that being able to express a range of positive and negative emotions is important, particularly when people are dealing with difficult experiences.Besides, being constantly on the lookout for happiness may actually drive happiness away from us. Scientists have found that when we talk about how important happiness is, we become less likely to find it, even when we have experiences that usually make us happy.Wanting to be happy at work is fair enough, but being forced to be happy at work can be troubling. If companies were genuinely interested in making their employees happy, they would perhaps look at some more “down-to-eart h” interventions (务实的干预). A simple step would be to stop interrupting workers with all sorts of pointless demands such as long emails and unnecessary forms. A study by Harvard Business School found workers felt most satisfied on days when they were able to focus on a piece of work and make meaningful progress on it.In short, if companies really want to make their employees happier, they should think long and hard before pointless restructuring.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were used to store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transportgoods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches.Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Moving My CurfewFor some time now , I have had an 8:00 p.m. curfew ---the time by which I have to be at home , even on weekends. When I was younger , I didn’t really complain . But now I have reached an age when this curfew is no longer suitable . For several reasons , it is clearly time to move my curfew to 10:00 p.m. on weekends.First of all , I ’m soon going to be an adult , like all teenagers , I need practice handling the greater freedom that goes along with being an adult . When teenagers don’t get practice handling freedom , they often make many serious mistakes. For example , some teenagers go away to college and suddenly they don’t know how to handle it , and they get into trouble . I上海市各区2017届高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编:摘要写作Summary Writingbelieve it is better to increase freedom gradually . That may the teenager learners how to handle freedom responsibly . I believe I could handle a later curfew without making serious mistakes in judgment.A later curfew is also important to me because I’m an active student . As you know , I am often on the committee in charge of running extra-curricular activities .Because of my present curfew , I have to finish school activities over an hour before they are over. Others students must take over for me when I leave . A 10:00 curfew would allow me to stay until the end of school functions and give me enough time to get home without rushing .Finally , I am a teenager who can be trusted to handle a 10:00 p.m curfew . I know that many teenagers cannot handle much responsibility . However , I am clearly not that kind of teenager. I have proven myself to be a very responsible person . For example , I have never been in serious trouble , either at school or in the company . I also hold a part-time job and still manage to maintain a “B” average in school . In other words , I am a person who uses my time wisely , meets responsibilities an stays out of trouble .11。
上海市各区2017年中考二模语文试卷分类汇编记叙文阅读专题
上海市各区2017年中考二模语文试卷分类汇编:记叙文阅读专题2017年初三二模徐汇区(二)阅读下文,完成第20—24题(22分)真正的变形金刚路明①星野很小的时候,爷爷天天抱他出门,让他东看看,西看看。
很快,星野对车着了迷,每看见一辆,他都举起胖嘟嘟的小手,发出惊喜的声音———“喏!喏!”②家里买了好多玩具小汽车。
星野最喜欢的事,就是把所有的汽车摊在地板上。
他坐在中间,一脸满足,睡觉时,也要放一辆汽车在枕头边,陪他一起睡。
③一天,星野惊喜地发现,有一辆小汽车的车门可以拉下来,变成一只机械手。
④那是一个变形金刚。
⑤给星野买变形金刚,多少有点假公济私....的意思。
⑥我读小学时,小镇的百货商店里曾经摆着一个巨大的擎天柱,要三百多块。
我没有缠着爸妈要买,因为我知道,这差不多是他们一个月的工资。
我只是每天放学后跑去店里,看一眼擎天柱再回家。
有一天,擎天柱不见了。
我难过极了,一路拖着脚步走回家。
打开门,擎天柱正坐在柜子上等我。
至今记得那份雀跃的心情。
擎天柱陪我度过了许多快乐的时光。
⑦我给星野看变形金刚的漫画和电影片段,在我的“循循善诱”下,星野很快入了迷,嘴巴里成天念叨什么汽车人、霸天虎。
我心中窃喜,只要星野喜欢,我就有足够的理由买更多的变形金刚了。
⑧每天临睡前,星野会缠着我讲变形金刚的故事。
我就讲,从前有一个机器人叫擎天柱,会变成一辆大卡车,契卡库库卡。
还有一个机器人叫大黄蜂,会变成一辆跑车,契卡库库卡……⑨星野睡着了。
⑩我们都有过那样的岁月,爱的时候不顾一切,被爱的时候浑然不觉。
?有一天在公园,星野发现,路边停着一辆雪佛兰科迈罗,黄黑涂色,和电影里的大黄蜂一模一样。
更要命的是,车上还贴着代表汽车人的徽章。
?星野绕着车团团转,兴奋地大喊大叫,大黄蜂,大黄蜂!?然后他坐在一边,要看大黄蜂变形。
我告诉他,大黄蜂不会变了。
可是怎么劝都没有用,小孩子认死理。
我把他抱起来往家走,他踢蹬着小腿,哭得声嘶力竭。
?好吧,那就陪你等。
2017年虹口区高三英语二模卷(2017.04)
2017年虹口区高三英语二模卷2017.04II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Loss of Biodiversity (生物多样性) Affects Human SocietyIf a species of bee disappears forever or a particular plant is extinct, what does it have to do with us humans? Well, according to a team of international scientists, biodiversity is dropping below levels (21) ______ (consider) safe for the health and happiness of human societies.The issue is that everything is inter-connected and ecosystems support our societies (22) ______ they provide us with, for example, food, fibres and fuels. If species go on disappearing, this can disturb many vital processes (23) ______ crop pollination (授粉) and the decomposition (分解) of waste.A framework which defines the environmental limits within (24) ______ humans can really operate -- called planetary boundaries -- says (25) ______ (lose) more than 10% of the biodiversity in an area places the local ecosystem at risk. Ecosystems are all different but this percentage is considered as a good measure of safety.A study published in the magazine Science suggests that 58% of the world’s land surface (26) ______ (reduce) below this level already. These areas house 71% of the global population. Professor Andy Purvis, from Imperial College London and the Natural History Museum, is one of the authors of the study. He says, “Once we’re the wrong side of the boundary, (27) ______ doesn’t mean everything goes wrong immediately, but there is a remarkable higher risk (28) ______ things will go badly wrong.”The researchers found that grasslands, savannas and shrub lands were most affected by biodiversity loss on average. Purvis hopes this report (29) ______ become a wake-up call to those who design policies. Here’s his warning: “Decision-makers worry a lot about economic recessions(衰退), but an ecological recession could have even (30) ______ (bad) consequences –and the biodiversity damage we’ve had means we’re at risk of that happening. Until and unless we can bring biodiversity back up, we’re playi ng ecological roulette (轮盘赌).”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.China Set to Make Own Ballpoint Pen TipsOne of China’s major stainless steel (不锈钢) producers has independently developed the special steel needed to make the ballpoint pen tips and plans to mass-produce the material to replace __31__ in two years.The group has spent five years on research and development to __32__ the technology, ending a long-term Chinese reliance on foreign pen tips.Without this technology, China’s pen manufacturers, which produce 38 billion ballpoint pens per year, have had to purchase the __33__ parts from overseas markets, costing the industry $17.3 million a year, according to the China National Light Industry Council.“It will be one of our __34__ products in the long run, and we will try more materials for tips of ballpoint pens to remain competitive,” said Li Jianmin, director of TISCO’s research and development center.Wang Huimian, TISCO’s senior enginee r, said the company will __35__ more financial resources and manpower to develop next-generation ballpoint pen tips in a(n) __36__ friendly way to further compete with rivals in Japan and Switzerland.“If these real economy-related factors are underdeveloped, its key __37__ won’t be strong,” said Wang.The pen tip issue was first brought into the spotlight by Premier Li Keqiang in January last year, __38__ a major issue facing Chinese manufacturers — weak competitiveness in key technology.Making such products requires high-precision __39__ and extremely-thin steel plates. Special microelements must be added to liquid steel to make a quality tip that can write continually for at least 800 meters.Eager to enhance its earning ability, the company __40__ that it planned to produce 10.5 million metric tons of steel this year, including 4.5 million stainless steel products.Zhao Ying, a researcher at the Institute of Industrial Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, said, “All these eleme nts can be reached only through long-term investment and increasing development,” he said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the __41__ of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in __42__ the paths of storms.Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network __43__ 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized __44__ takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds.These __45__ are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on thescreen, giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. __46__, on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm.If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will __47__ severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. __48__, the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is __49__ when severe weather is around.On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, __50__ from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your __51__ area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported.When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds,__52__ wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado __53__. Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, __54__ which areas needed to be warned.Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek __55__ before the storm hit. Paying attention to your local weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety.41.A. loss B. increase C. protection D. value42.A. changing B. controlling C. predicting D. guiding43.A. faced with B. exposed to C. involved in D. made up of44.A. structure B. system C. mode D. style45.A. figures B. data C. readings D. statistics46. A. Most likely B. Most evidently C. Most interestingly D. Most importantly47.A. decide B. estimate C. handle D. issue48.A. By the way B. In that case C. To some extent D. On the contrary49.A. vital B. reasonable C. normal D. available50.A. expanding B. spreading C. ranging D. extending51.A. proper B. specific C. typical D. regular52.A. straight B. unique C. general D. circular53.A. process B. threat C. warning D. sign54.A. indicating B. recognizing C. revealing D. recommending55.A. rescue B. residence C. support D. shelterSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In this section we consider what you can do to train your brain to improve your game playing skills. 1. Daily workoutIt is very easy to find tactical puzzles and train. However, you must try to solve them. Don’t just stare at the position for 10 seconds and then turn to the solution. You won’t learn anything. Have a go at trying to solve the puzzle. If you got it right then great ---- well done. However, if you got it wrong, then have another look. Ask yourself questions such as the following:●Why did I get it wrong?●What was wrong with my solution?●What was the weakness that the tactic exploited?Where can you find tactical puzzles?It’s easy. They are everywhere. Many newspapers, including Independent, and magazines have a daily or weekly chess puzzle. Key “chess puzzles” into Google and you’ll find a whole load of them. There are plenty of puzzle books.2. Use softwareNowadays chess software is terribly cheap. World Champion Vladimir Kramnik recently lost a match 4 – 2 against a software program. This program is available for about£30.In general, people use chess software for the wrong reasons. They often play game after game against the machine and get beaten every time. Bored with this, they turn the playing level right down so that the program is almost playing random moves and then they can beat it every time and feel better.Neither method will help you improve. However, chess software can be a fantastically useful learning tool if used in two particular ways.The first is if you have tried to solve a puzzle but it’s a bit too difficult and you don’t really understand the solution. Never mind ---- well done for trying. Now set the position up on the program and try different moves. Chess software is faultless at tactical play. It will instantly tell you the right and wrong moves and why they do or don’t work.Secondly you can run over games you have played to learn where you have gone wrong and where you could have improved. Get into the habit of keeping the score (i.e. writing down the moves) of games that you play. This will help you to improve and refine your understanding of tactical themes and patterns.56. What would be the best title of this passage?A. How to Train Your BrainB. Where to Find Tactical PuzzlesC. Daily Workout and Use of SoftwareD. How to Improve Your Chess-Playing Skills57. The underlined part “tactical puzzles” in the second paragraph most probably means ______.A. puzzles making us better understand themes and patterns of difficult gamesB. puzzles showing us how to train our brains to think more effectivelyC. puzzles teaching us some skills to play more difficult gamesD. puzzles only teaching us how to play chess games well58. Which of the following would be the right way of using chess software?A. Playing as many games against the machine as possible.B. Always trying difficult puzzles to improve your chess skills.C. Running over games you’ve played to learn from mistakes and improve.D. Turning the playing level down to build your self confidence and feel better.59. What does the writer think about chess software?A. Chess software will help a lot if properly used.B. Chess software below 30 pounds is too cheap to use.C. Chess software is a fantastically useful learning tool in daily work.D. Chess software helps improve understanding of tactical themes and patterns.(B)Innovation for Everyone – Career Skills for LifeInvitation to Alumni(校友) Networking Event Organized by University of Warwick and British CouncilWe are delighted to invite you to an alumni networking event on Tuesday 14 March, 7-9 pm at the Le Royal Méridien Hotel, Shanghai. The event is organized by the University of Warwick and the British Council and is open to all alumni.Come and join us for refreshments, followed by four short presentations on the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship (创业) skills in your career and the launch of new career initiatives for students and alumni, before spending time networking with friends and other UK alumni over a buffet dinner.The place for this event is the Le Royal Méridien Hotel, No.789 Nanjing East Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai. The Le Royal Méridien Hotel is located in People's Square in Shanghai and is easily accessed by subway, bus or taxi.DATE AND TIMETue 14 March 201719:00 – 21:00 CSTLOCATIONLe Royal Méridien HotelNo.789 Nanjing East RoadHuangpu DistrictShanghaiFree but up to 80 tickets, please register via READ MORE.60. The main purpose of holding this alumni networking event is ______.A. to invite the alumni for refreshmentsB. to spend time networking with the alumniC. to help the alumni to launch new career initiativesD. to share the experience of innovation and career skills for life61. The people attending the event are most probably those ______.A. UK-educated Chinese AlumniB. only from University of WarwickC. UK-educated Alumni and their friendsD. UK-educated Chinese Alumni and from the SJTU62. What do the four short presentations mainly talk about?A. How to improve the employability of the alumni.B. How to help the alumni find and improve employment.C. How to enhance the employability in career development.D. How to make career planning and train t he alumni’s innovation skills.(C)Culture can affect not just language and customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels.Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have uncovered shocking differences in perception (感知) between Westerners and Asians, what they see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how they perceive a simple line in a square, according to findings published in a leading science journal.In western countries, culture makes people think of themselves as highly independent entities (实体). When looking at scenes, Westerners tend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. East Asian cultures, however, emphasize inter-dependence. When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on surroundings as well as the object.Using an experiment involving two tasks, Dr Hedden asked subjects to look at a line simply to estimate its length, a task that is played to American strengths. In another, they estimated the line’s length relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the Asians.The level of brain activity, by tracking blood flow, was then measured by Brain Scanners. The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, and the tasks were very easy, the levels of activity in the subjects’ brains were different. For the Americans, areas linked to attention lit up more, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult -- estimating the line’s size relative to the square. For the Asians, the attention areas lit up more during the harder task also -- estimating the line’s length without comparing it to the square. The findings are a reflection of more than ten years of previous experimental research into east-west differences.In one study, for instance, researchers offered people a choice among five pens; four red and one green.Easterners were more likely to choose a red pen while Westerners were more likely to choose the green one.Culture is not affecting how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize (使内化) it. But such habits can be changed. Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. Such research gives us clues on how our brain works and is hopeful for us to develop programs to improve our memory, memory techniques and enhance and accelerate our learning skills.63. According to the passage, Chinese people are most likely to _____.A. more emphasize independent thinkingB. always focus more on their surroundingsC. focus more on the context as well as the objectD. think of Westerners as highly independent entities64. We know from the passage that people’s brains will be more active when _____.A. the task is much easierB. the blood flow is trackedC. people begin to choose colorsD. the task is more difficult65. What do the findings of the experiments mentioned in the passage indicate?A. They indicate that culture has a great impact on the way people talk and behave.B. They show that Easterners and Westerners have great differences in perceiving the world.C. They suggest that people’s habits of thought and perception can be changed in different cultures.D. They make it clear that Easterners and Westerners lay emphasis on different things.66. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.A. Easterners prefer collectivism to individualismB. East Asian cultures lay more emphasis on independenceC. It took over ten years to find out how to improve our brainpowerD. Americans will change their habits of perception when they’re in BritainSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Tutorial System of Oxford UniversityIn the University of Oxford, teaching is conducted primarily through the tutorial system. It is one of the most unique and well-known methods of teaching across the world.The weekly tutorial consists of a one-hour meeting between the tutor and small numbers of students (usually two to four). During this time, an essay prepared specifically for that tutorial is read by students and commented upon by the tutor. At the end of the tutorial, the tutor will assign the topic of study for the coming week and suggest readings. __67__Meanwhile, they are also complemented by departmental lectures which are conducted on a university wide basis, lab work, and seminars(研讨会) often with groups of perhaps 10 students.Tutorials have gained their reputation because of the close relationship they maintain between the tutor and the student. The tutorial system provides undergraduates with direct and in most cases weekly contact with tutors in their academic fields.__68__Before the weekly tutorial, students are required to prepare an essay or other works, which they read or present to the tutor. During each tutorial, students are expected to communicate, debate, analyze and critique the ideas of others as well as their own in conversations with the professor and fellow-students. The tutorial system has great value that it creates learning and assessment opportunities which are highly authentic (可靠的) and difficult to fake, as the student’s work is discussed on the spot.__69__The contrast between tutorials and large lectures common in the American universities is obvious. In the typical American university, students are taught by the same specialists, in the same manner, and held to the same standards.However, during tutorials, students have the opportunity to explore their own ideas directly with experts in particular subjects. __70__ As a result, students must engage in extensive independent reading and research, using the resources available, under the guidance of the tutor.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.How Safe Is Your Bed?Do you consider your bed a safe place of rest and calm? Do you sink into a mattress (床垫) after a hard day’s work and feel tension and stress drain away as you rest you r weary head on a soft pillow? Well, you might not feel so relaxed if you knew that tiny pests were hiding there! It seems that beds may not be such a good place for our health and happiness ---- they could actually be making us ill!Recent studies have shown that bacteria, fungi and dust mites (螨虫), some smaller than the diameter of a hair, live in our bedding. When we move around in our sleep, we disturb them and they are bounced up into the air -- which we then breathe in as we sleep. According to the American Lung Association, four out of five households in the United States now have high levels of dust mites, although it’s not the mites themselves that cause the problems, but their droppings. These are “highly allergenic (致敏的)” according to Dr William B erger, a fellow with the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. “Even if you aren’t allergic… they can still irritate you, the way pepper would if it blew into your nose and eyes.”Brendan Boor, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, who carries out bed research, also found that bed dust in the air leads to allergies -- causing watery eyes, sneezing, coughs and asthma. He has recommended ways to limit our exposure to these boring allergens:Firstly, he suggests vacuuming your mattress regularly – weekly, or even daily. He also recommends doing away with carpets and washing floors. Using allergen-proof bed covers, he says, can reduce the risk of getting allergies. In addition, washing bedding and pillows frequently can help, as can a portable air cleaner placed near the bed.If you do as Brendan Boor suggests, you will breathe in cleaner air as you sleep … or will you? Is it really safe for you to go back in your bed?(请将答案写在答题纸上)第II卷(共40分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、看到他的表情,我忍不住把实情告诉了他。
上海市虹口区2017届九年级4月质量调研(二模)英语试题及答案(word版)
虹口区2016-2017学年度第二学期初三年级学业质量调研英语学科试卷2017年4月(满分150分,考试时间:100分钟)考生注意:本卷有7大题,共94小题。
试题均采用连续编号,所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成,做在试卷上不给分。
Part 1 Listening(第一部分听力)I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解)(共30分)A.Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片)(6分)1._________2._________3._________4._________5._________6._________B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you bear (根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案)(8分)()7. A. Alice. B. Tom. C. Jenny. D. Tim.()8. A. To Paris. B. To America. C. To London. D. To Canada.()9. A.115 yuan. B.150 yuan. C.215 yuan. D.250 yuan.()10.A.It was difficult. B. It was boring.C. It was easy.D. It was delicious.()11.()12. A. Doing all the housework. B. Joining a gym.C. Going out with friends.D. Buying something special.()13. A. His mother should stop worrying about him.B. His mother should stop watching TV.C. His mother will be ill tomorrow.D. His mother should get up early.()14.A.A hobby. B.A plan. C. Music. D.A teenager.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false 例断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示)(6分)()15.Experts work hard to design sport shoes because they are expensive.()16.The first step in making a new shoe is (o design a shoe model.()17.Engineers improve the design of a shoe on the paper.()18.Some sport shoes are made to help save energy in a race.()19.The materials of sport shoes are not talked about in the passage.()20.Different sport shoes are designed for people of different weights.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences {听短文,完成下列句子,每空格限填一词)供10分)21.Boys and girls have some similar activities, but their______ ______are different.22.Boys often______ _____how good they are at something.23.Boys often______ _____who is the best.24.Every girl gels___ ___in the activity like jump rope.25.Girls usually____ ____instead of giving orders.Part 2 Phonetics, Vocabulary and Grammar(第二部分语音,词汇和语法)II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案):(共20分)26.Our teacher asked us to write down the main points of the speech. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?A) /main/ B) /men/ C) /ma:n / D) /metn/27. The doctor suggested to the fat boy that he should go on ______diet to keep healthy.A) a B)an C) the D)/28.The children picked some strawberries on the farm and look ________home.A) themselves B) their C)them D)they29.There are some cakes on the table, but you can only take__.A) it B)one C)any D)those30.We shared our learning methods with each other ____half an hour at the last class meeting.A) in B)for C)with D)from31.My father has decided to lake ____a hobby like painting after he retires.A) up B)out C)away D)in32.The poor old man looks ______and he has nobody to talk with.A) seriously B)lonely C)gently D)quietly33.During a holiday season, hotels are __than they are off season.A) crowded B) more crowdedC) too crowded D) the most crowded34.-______you lake a message for my parents. Simon?-OK.A) May B)Must C)Could D)Should35.My aunt has worked as a teacher for 20 years, so she has ___experience in leaching.A) many B)much C)few D)little36._______dangerous it is for children lo play with electricity!A) What B)What a C)What an D)How37.You look very tired. Why not ____to some light music to relax yourself?A) to listen B)listening C)listen D)to listening38.Although Alice was busy _____in college, she never forgot to phone her parents every day.A) studying B)study C)to study D)studied39. British people and Australian people speak the same language, __________they have different customs and cultures.A) and B)but C)so D)for40.I went over my lest papers again and again _______I could get full marks.A) after B)since C)unless D)so that41.By the end of last Friday, we ____hundreds of books for the children in poor areas.A) have raised B)raised C)would raise D)had raised42.Don't read Wechat while you _____across the street.A) walk B)arc walking C)were walking D)have walked43.One of our school rules is that smart phones ____in class.A) aren't allowed B) don't allow C) isn't allowed D) won’t a llow44.-I will go to Beijing on business discuss weekend, so I can't go camping with you.- ____________A) With pleasure. B) Never mind. C) What a pity! D) I'm sorry.45.-What about doing something helpful for the sick children?- ____________A) Good idea! B) I’m afraid I can't C) That's all right. D) I think so, too.III. Complete the following passage with (he words or phrases in the box. Each can be only once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。
(2021年整理)虹口区2017年中考语文二模+答案
(完整版)虹口区2017年中考语文二模+答案编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望((完整版)虹口区2017年中考语文二模+答案)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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(完整版)虹口区2017年中考语文二模+答案编辑整理:张嬗雒老师尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布到文库,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是我们任然希望 (完整版)虹口区2017年中考语文二模+答案这篇文档能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时我们也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈到下面的留言区,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。
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2017年虹口区初三二模语文试题一、文言文(40分)(一)默写(15分)1.欲把西湖比西子,。
(《饮湖上初晴后雨》)2.,为伊消得人憔悴.(《蝶恋花》)3.山河破碎风飘絮, .(《过零丁洋》)4.,盖以诱敌. (《狼》)5.复行数十步, 。
(《桃花源记》)(二)阅读下面的诗,完成6—7题.(4分)山居秋暝空山新雨后,天气晚来秋.明月松间照,清泉石上流.竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。
随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。
6.诗中“随意”的意思是 (2分)7.下列说法恰当的一项是()(2分)A.“空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。
”表现了秋雨初晴薄暮时分的空气清新怡人. B.“竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟”有声有色的突出了山居村民生活淳朴欢快。
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铁锤的敲打,打出了百折不挠,打出了铮铮铁骨,打出了所向披靡,但 锋芒过甚,一如竹过刚易折,未尝不会扎伤了别人,碰伤了自己。而溪水 的欢歌,却足够温和,足够圆润,足以在年复一年的滋养与冲刷中,抚平 刺人的棱角,抚平积蓄的戾气,让宝剑的光芒更加耀目,只剩刚强,不见 粗粝。
所谓外柔而内刚,亦是如此。
符合题意的联想类比
很多年前,美国波特兰小学的一堂体育课。
那节体育课,老师在教4年级的孩子练习跳高。先是讲解、示范,然 后是学生一个个实践。 有个孩子名叫福斯贝里,因为开小差,他根本没有听老师讲解和示范 跳高动作,轮到他的时候,他胡乱一跳,竟然连滚带爬的滚了过去。 同学们哄堂大笑!福斯贝里也涨红了脸。 这个伟大的老师,既温和又宽容,他不但没有批评福斯贝里没有听讲, 反而夸赞了他独特的跳法,认为这种跳法很有创意。老师鼓励他,让他再 来一次,福斯贝里居然又滚了过去。 老师感到非常惊奇,业余时间,带着福斯贝里训练,帮助他不断完善 这种跳法,福斯贝里跳得越来越高。 1968年,在墨西哥城举行的第19届奥运会上,福斯贝里以独特的背越 式过杆姿势跳过了2.24米高度,打破了奥运会纪录,勇夺金牌。这个姿 势叫做“背越式”,又叫“福斯贝里式”。背越式,是人类跳高史上最重 大的改革,成了国际跳高最正确的选择。
“锤子的打击”、“宝剑的锋芒”、 “溪水的欢歌”、“鹅卵石臻 于完美”的寓意是开放的、多元的。行文过程中可以展开联想类比, 联系现实有所侧重地作合符逻辑的、有一定层次的分析。
“锤子的打击”与“溪水的欢歌”是一对相互关联、内涵又在不断 发生着变化的概念。从一般意义上看,“锤子的打击”,常常与苦 难的经受、挫折教育、严厉的教育方式等相联系,如“润物细无声” 的母爱方式、注重鼓励与赞美的教育方式、宽松和谐的人文(60分)
一棵树的繁茂,一个人的成长,乃至于每一个生命的奇迹,都是风霜雨雪 和阳光雨露共同作用的结果。正如锤子的打击造就了宝剑的锋芒,而溪水的 欢歌却使鹅卵石臻于完美。
我们原是茫茫人海中最平凡的一块铁石,一路走来,沿途的荆棘那些艰难 的挑战,那不曾断绝过的挫折,无一不是锤子的打击;而路旁的风景,那些 细致琐碎的爱与关怀,那不曾消逝过的善意与温柔,又何尝不是溪水的欢歌。
人们总是习惯于那句“宝剑锋从磨砺出,梅花香自苦寒来”,诚然,璞玉 不经打磨永远无法闪耀出最夺目的光辉,崎岖与坎坷的道路是实现自己、完 善自我的必然代价。但假使一块璞玉只是经过了打磨,而未曾有人将它捧在 手心里养护、关怀,那么它的价值,也就止于此。
溪水的欢歌不仅只是一时的点缀,或是锦上添花,它,又何尝不是一种 打磨?
恰如《血战钢锯岭》的男主埃德蒙斯,战场之上的他英勇无畏,作为军 医,“救一个,再让我多救一个”,这是他不变的宗旨。他用坚毅与顽强 拯救了数十伤兵的生命,那奇迹背后的人性光辉,是他的信仰与所爱,经 久不衰地滋养的结果。 打磨的方式有很多种,锤子的打击是,溪水的欢歌亦是。不要忽视生命 里那些看似平淡的微笑与温柔,柔的力量润物细无声,亦是以柔克刚。
于每个社会的个人亦是如此,锤子的打击是重要的,这是社会进步发展 的源泉和动力,他逐一驱走了我们的怠懈,它是力量。而溪水的欢歌正如 社会的价值体系,正在无形中改变我们的生活姿态,是一种内化的改变。 正如现在风靡的公享单车,不仅是要以法律、规则来约束我们社会行为的 “宝剑”,更应以道德的力量让文明的鹅卵石变得光滑无瑕,以一种坚硬 来抵抗另一种坚硬,可能会使其棱角分明,可也会导致玉石俱焚。这也是 为什么,社会主义核心价值观的十六字被建立了,因为这是一首十六字的 “欢歌”。
在世事的沉浮中横冲直撞固然可以开天辟地,但学会与之和谐共处,经历 它缓慢长久的滋润才得以成就一个真正的人。
纵观古今的诗词歌赋,在贬谪怀才不遇、众叛亲离的大山訇然倒在诗人面 前,他们总能依循当时的际遇创造出直指人心的作品,可是数月过后,他们 在山林间感受到了“松花酿酒,春水煎茶”,又有人写下了“一蓑风雨任平 生”,这些经历了喧闹过后的安详、笃定更加有一种沁人心脾的威力,这诗 句是圆润而不刺耳的,是铿锵而不刚烈的,是鸟语的吟唱,怡人的灌木丛, 让诗人成就了这份可称之为“完美”的大和谐。
揭示寓意,梳理关系
——2017虹口区二模作文讲评
材料回顾:
根据以下材料,自选角度,自拟 题目,写一篇不少于800字的文章(不 要写成诗歌)。
锤子的打击造就了宝剑的锋芒, 而溪水的欢歌却使鹅卵石臻于完美。
材料分析:
这是一道寓意型、关系型的作文题,思维容量大、思辨性强。
从整体上读懂材料,把握“锤子的打击”、“溪水的欢歌”这两个主要概 念,并清晰地揭示出几个核心词的寓意及其内在的逻辑关联是审题立意的 关键。
正如童年时代的川端康成,亲人的相继离世,邻里的恶语相向,日复一日 地如铁锤般打击着他的心灵,让他日渐强大,日渐成熟。彼时的他,却又对 别人给予他的细微善意充满感恩,服务生的一个微笑,湖畔少女的温柔回眸, 无一不是溪水的欢歌,润泽着他坚硬的心房,也正是这样多重的经历与情感, 这种严酷与温柔地交织,让他的作品保持着一种典雅婉约的力量,让《伊豆 的舞女》成为旷世经典。
范文2:洗手的溪水(61分)
“星星啊!收起你的火焰!别让你的光芒照进我黑暗幽深的欲望。”麦克 白这样一次又一次乞求。是锤子的打击造就了他的锋芒,但他永远失去了溪 水的欢歌。
莎士比亚笔下的麦克白一生都想着如何自立为王,他确实击败了宿敌,冲 破巫术的阻碍,锋芒毕露,但他终将带着罪恶,前人的鲜血苟活。然而,他 与哈姆雷特不同的是,他从没有生活在一种和谐中,从不将生命中发生的柔 软视之如宝,将未确定的未来沙盘推演,所以终是缺失了这份“完美”。
“宝剑的锋芒”往往指人的一种阳刚之气,而“鹅卵石臻于完美” 往往指人的柔韧圆滑、懂得变通、宽容的精神气质。
立意示例:
面对学生的缺点和错误,教师恨 铁不成钢,尖刻的数落、严格的教育, 会让学生对规矩有深刻的认识,从而 时时严格要求自己,最终出人头地。 而教师对学生的情感关怀,经常赞美、 鼓励学生,让学生就会在赞美中自省, 在鼓励中成长为一个具有仁爱宽容气 质的人。