英语句子成分与结构教案

目标满分班名师培优精讲

第1 讲

【教学标题】

英语句子成分

【教学目标】

让学生完全掌握英语句子的成分问题，使学生能够更好的理解句子结构

【教学重点】

1.句子成分的划分

2.句子的主要成分

3.句子的次要成分

4.作各个成分相应的词性

【教学难点】

1.句子的主要成分

2.状语的识别

3.定语的识别

4.宾语补足语

【教学内容】

句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

A.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当.

例如：

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）

The students all love their English teacher.

We often speak English in class.（代词）

They go to school by bus.

One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）

To see is to believe.

Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）

Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.

It’s no use regretting it.

The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）

It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）B.谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语，不能作谓语。

一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当。

有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词.

1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

（1）、及物动词作谓语

We should help each other.

欢迎阅读

They respect one another.

All of the students like the novel.

Did you see many people there?

（2）、不及物动词作谓语

He left here yesterday.

Y ou’re driving too fast.

The teacher came in, book in hand.

He went abroad in the September of 1988.

（3）连系动词表状态

He is an excellent teacher.

Her son is a friend of ours.

Ours is a great country.

The box itself is not so heavy.

2、谓语的构成如下：

（1）、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.

（2）、复合谓语：（a）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （b）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.

C.表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如：

页脚内容

Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）

They are brother and sister.

John is captain of the team.

Is it yours?（代词）

What I want to say is this.

The poor boy was myself.

The weather has turned cold.（形容词）

The speech is exciting.（分词）

Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）

Her father is sixty-five.

His job is to teach English.（不定式）

All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.

His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）

My favourite sport is swimming.

The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）

注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住。例如：Time is up. The class is over.（副词）

The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）

D.宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。

一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如：