英语状语从句的汉译
状语从句汉译英技巧
状语从句汉译英技巧1. 时间状语从句:-当……时:When we arrived, the party had already started.-一……就……:As soon as he heard the news, he rushed to the hospital.-在……之前:Before you go to bed, remember to turn off the lights.-在……之后:After he finished his homework, he went for a walk.2. 地点状语从句:-在……地方:Wherever you go, I will follow you.-到……地方:We will stay here until the rain stops.3. 原因状语从句:-因为:Because it was raining, we decided to stay indoors.-由于:Due to the bad weather, the flight was delayed.-既然:Since you are here, let's have dinner together.4. 条件状语从句:-如果:If you study hard, you will pass the exam.-假如:Suppose it rains tomorrow, what will you do?-只要:As long as you work hard, you will succeed.5. 方式状语从句:-以……方式:He explained the problem in a way that everyone could understand. -用……方法:She solved the puzzle by using logic and reasoning.。
翻译技巧 9 状语从句的翻译
翻译技巧9 状语从句的翻译1. 条件状语从句1) During the execution of a contract, if one party fails to perform the contract and thus bring economic loss to another party, the latter may ask the former for compensation according to the contract stipulation.在合同的执行中,如果一方不能履行合同而造成另一方经济损失,受损方可根据合同规定要求对方赔偿。
2)We are notifying you that we reserve our right to claim on you for the shortage if it is confirmed.我方谨通知贵方,如果确定货物数量短缺,我方将有权向贵方提出索赔。
3)It will be very helpful for us to push our claim on condition that you can give us some evidence that your figure in the invoice is correct.只要贵方能提供证据,证明发票上的数字准确无误,这将有助于我方提出索赔。
4)We shall have to cancel the order unless it is executed within two weeks.除非这张订单在两周内履行,否则本公司不得不将它取消。
2. 时间状语从句1) When we investigate the matter of your claims, we have noticed a discrepancy between our invoice figure and the quantities you specified.我方在调查贵方提出的索赔时,发现我方的发票数量和贵方描述的数量不一致。
状语从句翻译
目的、结果状语从句1.这个外国人以手势助说话,这样他就能使听众明白他的意思。
(so that)2.这位退休教师家住的离学校那么远,我们很少能见到他。
(so….. that)3.我说了什么使他竟然对我那么生气?(that)4.他发音进步很快,英语已经读得非常漂亮。
(such… that)5.大象有强壮的身躯可以为人干重活。
(so… that)6.老师劝我们多带衣服以防天气转冷。
(in case)7.为了不被人轻易认出,这些影星们穿着便装。
(in order that)8.这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜,我简直爱不释手(so… that)。
(上海市高考题)地点状语从句1.他在前天掉的地方找到了他的手机。
(where)2.在涉及到公司的利益之处,我们绝不可能轻易放弃。
(where)3.此后无论何时他有机会,他就会同她说话。
(whenever)4.哪儿有病人和苦难,哪儿就有红十字会的工作人员。
(wherever)让步状语从句1.尽管我承认问题很难,我不同意说它们不能解决。
(while)2.无论我给他们多少忠告,他还是一意孤行。
(no matter how)3.即使我们旅行后很累了,我们仍情绪高昂。
(Even if)4.尽管他喜欢布朗教授的讲课,但不喜欢他的举止。
(though)5.无论你有可能说什么,我都会毫不犹豫地帮助她克服困难。
(whatever)6.这个工人无论怎样努力,他似乎总是不能把工作做得令人满意。
(however)7.不论你是冬天来还是夏天来,你都会觉得这是个居住的好地方。
(whether…or…)8.不管我何时打电话请求帮助,他都会马上来我家。
(whenever)9.今晚无论是谁来串门,告诉他我不到十点钟是不会回来的。
(whoever)10.虽然并不富裕,但是他对自己的生活相当满意。
(Although)(上海市高考题)。
(完整版)状语从句知识点大全
(完整版)状语从句知识点大全状语从句是一个句子做另一个句子的状语,用于描述、限制、补充或解释主句的动作或状态。
在英语语法中,状语从句非常常见且广泛应用。
以下是状语从句的一些常见知识点:1. 时间状语从句(Time Adverbial Clauses):用来表示时间,常用的引导词有when, while, as, before, after, until, since等。
例如:I will call you when I arrive home.翻译:我到家时会打电话给你。
2. 地点状语从句(Place Adverbial Clauses):用来表示地点,常用的引导词有where, wherever等。
例如:She can't find her keys anywhere.翻译:她无论到哪儿都找不到她的钥匙。
3. 原因状语从句(Cause Adverbial Clauses):用来表示原因,常用的引导词有because, since, as, for等。
例如:I didn't go to the party because I was tired.翻译:因为我累了,所以我没有去参加聚会。
4. 结果状语从句(Result Adverbial Clauses):用来表示结果,常用的引导词有so, therefore, thus等。
例如:He studied hard, so he passed the exam.翻译:他努力研究,所以他通过了考试。
5. 条件状语从句(Condition Adverbial Clauses):用来表示条件,常用的引导词有if, unless, provided that等。
例如:If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the park.翻译:如果明天下雨,我们不会去公园。
6. 目的状语从句(Purpose Adverbial Clauses):用来表示目的,常用的引导词有so that, in order that等。
英语状语从句的翻译
5. 2译成表示 “目的”的前置状语 译成表示 目的”
(53) The travel plan was canceled in order that the spread of SARS could be prevented.为了防止 为了防止
非典的传染, 非典的传染 这次旅行计划给取消了。 (54) He sent a bunch of flowers each day in order that he could win her love. 为了赢得她的芳心 他每天送她一束花。
trembling. 他焦虑不安,颤抖不已 颤抖不已。 颤抖不已
七、方式状语从句的翻译
表示方式的状语从句通常由as, as if, as though 引导,往往位于主句之后,但在 as … so…结构中, as-分句通常置于主句之前。在口语中可用the way (that)引导方式状语从句。例如: (65) Please do exactly as your doctor says. 务请 按照医生的吩咐行事。 按照医生的吩咐 (66) Mary does not bother about trifles the way her sister does. 玛莉不像她姐姐那样 像她姐姐那样关心鸡毛蒜皮 像她姐姐那样 的小事。 (67) All folk songs sound as if they come from the heart. 所有民歌听起来宛如人们的心声。 宛如人们的心声。 宛如人们的心声
的英语状语分句都必须由从属连词引导,而汉语 状语分句则不一定。所以,在许多情况下,英语 状语分句翻译成汉语时,其从属连词可省略,而 且有时省略更好。与此相反,汉语状语分句,不 论是否有关联词,翻译成英语时必须有从属连词 引导。 Homework for discussion: 1.In what ways are English adverbial clauses of purpose,result, manner, and place introduced? 2. Explain and illustrate how they are turned into the Chinese language.
英语状语从句的翻译
众多家庭搬出安定的社区,离开交往多年 的朋友,远离大家庭的其他成员, 日常信息 来源就此切断。
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2 原因状语从句的翻译
Since the electrical inventions which Edison had given us were very important, we could not live without them—not for one minute. 爱迪生为我们发明的各种电器太重要了, 我们的生活离不开它们——一刻也离不开。
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要是下雨,咱们就不能步行上那儿去了。
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16.3 条件状语从句的翻译
If I could relive my life, I would lead quite a different life, leaving less regrets. 如果我可以重新过日子, 我会生活得截然不 同,不会留下这么多遗憾。
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3 条件状语从句的翻译
3.1 译成相对应的表条件的分句 If the epidemic cannot be controlled effectively, the whole country will come into chaos. 如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制, 整个 国家将会陷入一片混乱之中。 We won’t be able to go there on foot in case it rains.
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1 时间状语从句的翻译
One must sow before one can reap. 只有播种,才能有收获。(译成汉语的必要 条件复句的正句。也可根据汉语表达习惯, 译为:一份耕耘,一份收获。) Before manned spacecraft could be sent to space, the problem of getting the spacecraft safely back to earth had to be solved. 为了把载人的宇宙飞船送到太空上去,就 必须解决使飞船安全返回地面的问题。(译 成汉语单句的目的状语)
英语状语从句的翻译
1.There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive,however lucky and robust we are。
[参考译文] 不管我们多么幸运,多么健壮,我们所希望的长寿年龄实际上是有限度的。
[结构分析] 该句分为两部分:(There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, ) (however lucky and robust we are。
),第一部分是主句,第二部分是however引导的让步状语从句;主句中on…alive是介词短语,作limit的后置定语,how引导的从句是介词on的宾语,该从句的主语是we,谓语是can hope to remain,表语是alive;让步状语从句的主语是we,谓语是are,表语是lucky and robust。
这句话翻译时也要将从句提前,然后再译主句。
[知识链接] virtual实际的;remain保持;a limit on…对……有限制;alive活着的;lucky幸运的;robust健壮的。
2. While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development。
[参考译文] 尽管正式的学习过程是由挑选出来担当此角色的教师来进行的,非正式的学习过程却是作为孩子成长的自然一部分而完成的。
[结构分析] 该句可拆分为两部分,(While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role,) (informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development. ),第一部分是While引导的让步状语从句,第二部分是主句;从句中,formal learning是主语,谓语是is transmitted,过去分词selected 作teachers的后置定语,是不定式to perform this role作selected的目的状语;主句中,informal learning是主语,谓语是is acquired,介词短语as a natural part of a child's development作acquired的结果状语。
中考英语阅读状语从句(带翻译)
1.We would like your attention for three minutes while we explain the safety guidefor this flight.时间状从请大家用三分钟时间注意听讲,在我们解释这次航班的安全指南时。
*请大家用三分钟注意听讲一下这次航班的安全指南。
2.While we are serving meals, please move your seat back to its right place forsafety of the passenger behind you. 时间状从供应餐饮期间,为了你身后乘客的安全请大家将座椅移回原位。
3.If you need any help, please let us know by switching on the button next to thelight above your head. 条件状从如需帮助,请按你头顶上方靠灯的按钮让我们知道。
4.One of the most exciting moments will be in May when the Olympic flame istaken to the highest peak(山峰)in the world--Monut Qomolangma. 时间状从最令人兴奋的时刻之一将在五月,那时奥运火炬将被带到世界之巅--珠穆朗玛峰。
5.Ella and Hebe entered simply for the 10,000 yuan prize, while Selina wasencouraged by her young sister, who was then too young to take part. 转折对比,非限定性定从E和H的参赛只是奔着10000元的奖金而来的,而S的参赛却是受到了妹妹的鼓动,她妹妹那是还小,不能参赛。
五类状语从句的翻译
五类状语从句的翻译一、时间状语从句1. 译成相应的时间状语1) 与原文顺序一致While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时,泪水直流。
2) 后置改前置Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关灯。
2. 译成刚就的句式:When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一游到海滩,就昏倒了。
3. 译成并列的分句:1) 译文前置They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid. 他还没有交赎金,他们就把他释放了。
2) 后置不变I was about to speak when Mr. Smith cut in.我正想讲,史密斯先生就插嘴了。
二、原因状语从句1. 译成表因的分句:1) 因在果之前The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱,作物歉收。
2) 果在因之前She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby.她能渡过任何风险,因为她看上去简直还像娃娃模样。
2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句:Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.纯铁太软,所以不用在工业上。
Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信这件事正确可靠,因此坚持己见。
3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句:Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.哪里有声音,哪里就必有声波。
英语状语从句的翻译
1.There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive,however lucky and robust we are。
[参考译文] 不管我们多么幸运,多么健壮,我们所希望的长寿年龄实际上是有限度的。
[结构分析] 该句分为两部分:(There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, ) (however lucky and robust we are。
),第一部分是主句,第二部分是however引导的让步状语从句;主句中on…alive是介词短语,作limit的后置定语,how引导的从句是介词on的宾语,该从句的主语是we,谓语是can hope to remain,表语是alive;让步状语从句的主语是we,谓语是are,表语是lucky and robust。
这句话翻译时也要将从句提前,然后再译主句。
[知识链接] virtual实际的;remain保持;a limit on…对……有限制;alive活着的;lucky幸运的;robust健壮的。
2. While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development。
[参考译文] 尽管正式的学习过程是由挑选出来担当此角色的教师来进行的,非正式的学习过程却是作为孩子成长的自然一部分而完成的。
[结构分析] 该句可拆分为两部分,(While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role,) (informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development. ),第一部分是While引导的让步状语从句,第二部分是主句;从句中,formal learning是主语,谓语是is transmitted,过去分词selected 作teachers的后置定语,是不定式to perform this role作selected的目的状语;主句中,informal learning是主语,谓语是is acquired,介词短语as a natural part of a child's development作acquired的结果状语。
状语从句翻译例句
状语从句翻译1 她说话时,泪水直流(while)1.Tears was running down her face while she talked.2 我正在吃饭的时候,她进来了。
(when)2.She came in when i was dinning.3 他结束讲话的时候,听众掌声雷动。
(as)3.The audience gave a round of applause as he ended his speech.4 他将得到提升,因为他工作干得好(for)4.He will get promoted for his hard working.5 理论之所以有价值,是因为它能给实践指出方向(because)5.Theory has value because it indicates the direction for practice.6 为了正午以前赶到那里,我们很早就动身了(so that)6.We set out so early that we could reach there before the noon.7 如果没有他们的批准,我们不能开始这项工作。
(until)7.We can't get into the work until they approve.1.他对她一见钟情。
了解越多,爱得越多。
1.He fell in love with her at the first sight. The more he knows her, the more he loves her.2.虽然我很累,但因为做了一件好事而深感高兴。
2.Even though I am tired, but I am happy because I did a good deed.3.违法的人都将受到惩罚。
3.Whoever defies the law will get punished.4.坐飞机比坐这趟火车不贵很多。
状语从句的译法
状语从句的译法1时间状语的翻译消费者购买商品实质上是在给不同的企业和产品投票Customers actually vote for products and companies when they make a purchase.我方建议这批货从总价中削减50%,相信你方会认为这样对我方是公平的I’m sure you will think it fair on our part when we suggest that the total value of the parcel should be reduced by 50%.2 原因状语从句的翻译The country’s economy has emerged from recession because the government adopted some flexible policies.因为政府采取了一些灵活措施,所以该国的经济已经开始复苏。
Because the winter is coming, many fashion stores start to sell warm clothes.因为冬天即将来临,所以时装店开始销售卸寒衣服了。
3让步状语从句Although we’ve raised our market share by 5%, the competition remains fierce.虽然我们的市场份额提高了5%,但目前的竞争依然激烈。
4目的状语从句To reduce loss and increase overall profits, the CEO told his product managers to get rid of all the dogs.为了减亏损,全面增加利润,公司的首席执行官告诉产品部的经理们销毁所有的次品。
5条件状语从句So if you should reduce your price by, say 5%, we might come to terms.要是你们答应降价,比如5%,我们达成协议。
壮语从句翻译
英译汉状语从句的译法英语状语从句表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等等, 英语状语从句用在主句后面的较多, 而汉语的状语从句用在主句前的较多, 因此, 在许多情况下, 应将状语从句放在主句前面。
下面我们通过一些实例说明它们常用的翻译方法。
1. When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything in the name of “art”. (83年考题)当审查放宽时, 招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘, 在“艺术”的幌子下炮制出形形色色的东西来。
(时间状语从句)2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a 'valid' or 'fair' comparison. (92年考题)既然对智力的评估是比较而言的, 那么我们必须确保, 在对我们的对象进行比较时, 我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。
(原因状语从句)3. The policies open to developing countries are more limited than for industrialized nations because the proper economies respond less to changing conditions and administrative control.由于贫穷国家的经济对形势变化的适应能力差一些, 政府对这种经济的控制作用也小一些, 所以发展中国家所能采取的政策比起工业化国家来就更有局限性。
状语从句的翻译
四、让步状语从句
(1)译成表示“让步”的分句。如“虽
然…但是…,尽管…”等。 11. Although humans are the most intelligent creature on earth, anything humans can do,Nature has already done better and in far,far less space. 虽然人类是地球上最聪明的生物,人能 创造一切,但大自然更富于创造性,早 已创造出比人类创造的更好更小巧的东 西。
(2) 表示目的的从句后置
16. In addition,the cameraman must
have a knowledge of composition so that the arrangement of the people and objects in each shot will produce the desired effect. 另外,摄影师必须具备合成的知识,以 便安排好每个镜头中的人和物来达到预 期的效果。
Un句
(1)译成相应的表示时间的状语 1. When they analyzed these rocks,
they found “shocked” quartz grains— slivers with a particular arrangement of micro cracks believed to represent the relic left by an extraterrestrial impact. 在分析这些岩芯时,他们发现“冲击” 石英颗粒———带有特殊排列的微裂缝 的薄片,科学家认为他们是外层空间来 的物体与地球碰撞留下来的遗迹。
状语从句的译法
状语从句的译法英语状语从句包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等等各种从句。
我们已经谈到英语状语从句的一些译法。
现在就一些比较常见的处理办法再进一步说明如下:一、表时间的状语从句1.译成相应的表示时间的状语1) While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时,眼泪直流。
2) When the history of the Nixon Administration is finally written, the chances are that Chinese policy will stand out as a model of common sense and good diplomacy.当最后撰写尼克松政府的历史时,谈到对华政策可能成为懂得常识和处理外交的楷模。
以上两例译文中表示时间的状语置于句首,与原文一致。
3) Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关电灯。
上句原文中表示时间的从句后置,译文中前置。
2.译成“刚(一)……就……”的句式1) He had hardly rushed into the room when he shouted, “Fire! Fire!”他刚跑进屋就大声喊:“着火了!着火了!”2) Hardly had we arrived when it began to rain.我们刚一到就下雨了。
3) When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一游到海滩,就昏倒了。
4) He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it.他把信一交给我,就叫我念给他听。
3.译成并列的分句1) He shouted as he ran.他一边跑,一边喊。
状语从句翻译例句
状语从句翻译1 她说话时,泪水直流(while)1.Tears was running down her face while she talked.2 我正在吃饭的时候,她进来了。
(when)2.She came in when i was dinning.3 他结束讲话的时候,听众掌声雷动。
(as)3.The audience gave a round of applause as he ended his speech.4 他将得到提升,因为他工作干得好(for)4.He will get promoted for his hard working.5 理论之所以有价值,是因为它能给实践指出方向(because)5.Theory has value because it indicates the direction for practice.6 为了正午以前赶到那里,我们很早就动身了(so that)6.We set out so early that we could reach there before the noon.7 如果没有他们的批准,我们不能开始这项工作。
(until)7.We can't get into the work until they approve.1.他对她一见钟情。
了解越多,爱得越多。
1.He fell in love with her at the first sight. The more he knows her, the more he loves her.2.虽然我很累,但因为做了一件好事而深感高兴。
2.Even though I am tired, but I am happy because I did a good deed.3.违法的人都将受到惩罚。
3.Whoever defies the law will get punished.4.坐飞机比坐这趟火车不贵很多。
状语从句翻译
状语从句翻译Adverbial clauses are subordinate clauses that modify or provide additional information about the main clause in a sentence. They typically answer questions such as when, where, why, how, or to what extent an action occurs. Translating adverbial clauses requires careful consideration of the grammatical structure and meaning of the original sentence. Let's look at some examples and their translations.1. When she arrived, the party had already started.当她到达时,派对已经开始了。
2. I will go shopping after I finish work.我下完班后会去购物。
3. They always go for a walk if the weather is nice.如果天气好,他们总是去散步。
4. Although he is very tired, he refuses to rest.虽然他很累,但他不愿休息。
5. She had to leave early because she had an appointment.她不得不提前离开,因为她有一个约会。
6. He studied hard so that he could pass his exams.他努力学习,以便能够通过考试。
7. Please turn off the lights before you leave the room.在离开房间之前,请关闭灯光。
状语从句翻译例句
状语从句翻译1 她说话时,泪水直流(while)1.Tearswas runnin g down her face whileshe talked.2 我正在吃饭的时候,她进来了。
(when)2.She came in when i was dinnin g.3 他结束讲话的时候,听众掌声雷动。
(as)3.The audien ce gave a roundof applau se as he endedhis speech.4 他将得到提升,因为他工作干得好(for)4.He will get promot ed for his hard workin g.5 理论之所以有价值,是因为它能给实践指出方向(becaus e)5.Theory has valuebecaus e it indica tes the direct ion for practi ce.6 为了正午以前赶到那里,我们很早就动身了(so that)6.We set out so earlythat we couldreachtherebefore the noon.7 如果没有他们的批准,我们不能开始这项工作。
(until)7.We can't get into the work untilthey approv e.1.他对她一见钟情。
了解越多,爱得越多。
1.He fell in love with her at the firstsight.The more he knowsher, the more he lovesher.2.虽然我很累,但因为做了一件好事而深感高兴。
2.Even though I am tired, but I am happybecaus e I did a good deed.3.违法的人都将受到惩罚。
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英语状语从句的汉译发表时间:2009-03-18T17:21:44.750Z 来源:《中华现代教育》2009年第1、2期合刊供稿作者:江广华[导读] 英语状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、比较和方式状语从句等。
【摘要】英语状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、比较和方式状语从句等。
有些状语从句的位置比较灵活,有前有后。
在英语状语从句的汉译中,我们应注意各类状语从句在英汉两种语言中的位置差异,在译文中适当调整语序,相应地译成符合译文表达习惯的状语从句。
【关键词】英语;状语;从句;汉译;探讨英语状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、比较和方式状语从句等。
有些状语从句的位置比较灵活,有前有后。
此外,英语中各类状语从句都有明显的反映其逻辑关系的连接词。
汉语的状语从句与英语的状语从句最大区别就在于状语从句的位置和连接词。
一般说来,英语中表示方式、比较和结果等关系的状语从句位于主句之后,其它状语从句的位置比较灵活,可前可后。
汉语中多数状语从句是放在主句之前,只有比较和结果状语从句位于主句之后,方式状语从句则可前可后。
因此,在翻译状语从句时,无论是英译汉,还是汉译英,我们应注意各类状语从句在英汉两种语言中的位置差异,在译文中适当调整语序,相应地译成符合译文表达习惯的状语从句。
其次,应注意连接词,分清主句和从句之间的逻辑关系,尤其是在汉译英时,因为汉语造句多用意合法,一些连接词往往省略。
英译汉时,还应注意尽量避免机械地照搬连接词的汉语对应词或译义,在准确理解主句和从句间的逻辑关系后,进行相应的句型转换,如将英语的时间状语从句译为汉语的并列句或条件句,地点状语从句译为汉语的条件句等。
汉译英时我们还应注意主语的使用。
一、状语从句前置英语中的时间、地点、条件、原因等状语从句可前可后,而汉语中的这类状语从句一般前置;英语中表示条件的状语从句一般位于句首,尤其是虚拟条件句,这类条件句常常采用顺译法,将从句置于句首;英语中的让步状语从句前后均可,而汉语则前置为多。
Culture shock does not seem like a very helpful experience, when you are going through its four stages. 当你在经历文化冲击的四个阶段时,它似乎并不是一件有益的事。
(时间状语从句) Whenever we go, we must build up good relations with people. 我们不论到什么地方,都要和人们把关系搞好。
(地点状语从句)You will fail unless you work hard.除非你积极工作,不然你总要失败。
(条件状语从句)Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate.因为我们住在海滨,所以能享受到有益健康的气候。
(原因状语从句)二、状语从句后置汉语中表原因、时间、条件、让步的从句一般前置,但有时也将它们放在主句后面,此时,从句含有补充说明的作用。
英语中表示比较、结果、方式和目的的状语从句汉译时可后置。
Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.人人都喜欢你,因为你既和气,又诚实。
(原因状语从句)I had been puzzling over the problem for over an hour without any result, when suddenly solution flashed across my mind. 这个问题把我难住了一个多小时,后来我突然开窍了,找到了答案。
(时间状语从句)The sound of thunder nearly always follows the lighting flash although they happen together. 雷声几乎总是跟在闪电后面,尽管它们是同时发生的。
(让步状语从句)A rocket must attain a speed of about five miles per second so that it may put a satellite in orbit. 火箭必须获得大约每秒5英里的速度,以便把卫星送入轨道。
(目的状语从句) These trees and plants in the sea are so far from the top of the water that no one can see them. 海底的这些树木和植物离水面太远,所以没有人能看见它们。
(结果状语从句) He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.他说起英语来好像一个英国人似的。
(方式状语从句)三、状语从句的转换有些状语从句从形式上看是某种状语从句,但从其主句和从句的逻辑意义来看,却不属于该种状语从句,而属于另一种从句。
此时,汉译时就可根据主句和从句的逻辑意义,进行适当的转换,将其翻译成为另一种句型。
如将时间状语从句译为条件句或让步状语从句,地点状语从句译为条件句或结果状语从句等等。
When the molecules of a solid move fast enough, the solid melts and becomes a liquid.(时间状语从句)如果固体内的分子达到一定的运动速度,固体就融化为液体。
(条件从句)Why use metal when you can use plastic?(时间状语从句)既然可用塑料,为什么要用金属呢?(让步状语从句)Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.(地点状语从句) 如果有声音,就一定有声波。
(条件状语从句)Whatever you fellows are recommending today, you will be sorry about a week from now. (让步状语从句) 不管你们这些人今天提出什么意见,从现在起,你们将有一个星期的日子是难过的。
(条件分句)四、省略连词由于汉语造句采用意合法,汉语的复合句常常省略连词。
因此,翻译英语中有些状语从句中的连词时,省略比译出更符合汉语表达习惯。
此时从句和主句之间可能成为并列关系,或与主句紧缩为一个句子。
He came here in 1985, when he was only a little boy. (时间状语从句)他于1985 年来到这里,那时他还只是一个小男孩。
(并列句)Peter never cares for other people’s interest because he is extremely selfish. (原因状语从句) 彼得极端自私,他不会关心别人的利益。
(并列句)The patient had his right leg broken when an automobile ran over him. (时间状语从句) 这病人的右腿被汽车轧断了。
(紧缩句)If you melt two or more metals together, you can get a new metal. (条件状语从句) 一起熔化两种以上金属,就可产生一种新金属。
(紧缩句)五、汉语偏正复句的英译汉语中由两个或两个以上的单句构成的句子称为复句。
汉语中复句分为联合复句和偏正复句。
偏正复句是由一个正句和一个偏句构成,大体上相当于英语的主从复句。
汉语偏正复句中的偏句相当于英语的状语从句,其主句和偏句之间的关系可分为让步、转折、假设、条件、因果和目的等几种关系。
1.将汉语中带有连接词的偏正复句译为英语中相应的状语从句汉语中有许多表示让步、转折、假设、条件、因果和目的等关系的连接词。
因此,汉语偏正复句的英译时,可直接将各种偏正复句译为相应的英语状语从句。
例如:只要我们坚持改革开放政策,就一定能把我国建设成为强大的社会主义强国。
As long as we stick to the reform and opening-up policy, we shall surely be able to build China into a powerful socialist country. 尽管她能言善辩,却输了这场演讲比赛。
Eloquent as she was, she was losing the speech contest.2.将汉语中偏正复句的偏句译为英语中的分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语作状语根据汉语偏正复句中主句和偏句的逻辑关系,可以将偏句译为英语中的分词短语、不定式短语、介词短语作状语,同时省略连接词。
例如:如果管理得好一些,这块地的小麦还可以长得更好一点。
Given better attention, the wheat in the plot could have grown better. 若有足够的钱,我就去买一辆轿车。
Having enough money, I would go to buy a car.由于他们的帮助,我们才提前完成了自己的工作。
Thanks to their help, we finished our work ahead of time. 为了交学费,他不得不在课余时间打工。
To pay for his tuition, he has to find something to do in his spare time.3.将汉语中的并列句、排比句、对偶句和紧缩句译为英语的状语从句汉语的造句常常将表示逻辑关系的连接词省略,这是因为汉语造句采用意合法,叙事按事物发展的先后顺序或逻辑顺序来安排,分句之间的逻辑关系常常蕴涵在上下文中;而英语造句采用形合法,分句之间常常需要表示逻辑关系的连接词来连接。
因此汉译英时,必须充分理解分句之间的逻辑关系,选择适当的连接词。
例如:水能载舟,亦能覆舟。
As water can float a ship, so can it swallow the ship.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
While the prospects are bright, the road has twists and turns. 打肿脸充胖子,吃亏是自己。
If you get beyond your depth, you will suffer.狼披羊皮还是狼。
A wolf remains a wolf even though it is in sheep’s clothing. 总之,在英语状语从句的汉译时,我们应注意状语从句在英汉两种语言中的位置差异,要根据不同的情况进行处理并作适当调整,相应地译成符合译文表达习惯的状语从句。