中考语法非谓语动词讲解及试

中考语法非谓语动词讲解及试————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2非谓语动词构成：（to）+动词原形动词不定式非在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓构成：V.-ing语动名词动用法（主、宾、表、定）词构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。

谓语动词用单数形式。

宾语动词宾语介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。

Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。

表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。

表语His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。

定语She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。

We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。

只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。

置于所修饰词之前。

注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。

我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mind, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend...（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。

我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。

完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）（二）动词不定式一、动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。

二、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us tospeak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。

作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。

表语My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the roomevery day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。

多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。

宾语—What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？—He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。

只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。

宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。

在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。

定语Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。

状语I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。

I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。

1. 不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式如：To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well.It’s important for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。

如：It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。

It's very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。

2. 不定式作宾语有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。

如：Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。

如：I find it easy to read English every day.③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Why not do..., Why don't you do..., had better（not）do..., would rather do,could/would/will you please（not）do...I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。

3. 不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。

如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。

tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。

注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。

这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let, make, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）。

但变被动语态时，必须加上to。

如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。

4. 不定式作定语①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。

它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。

②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。

There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。

5.不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。

如：The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。

He didn't know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。

实战演练（一）1. I’m thirsty. Will you get me something ____?A. drinkB. to drinkC. eatD. eating2. It was great fun _____ a picnic on the hill.A. to haveB. of havingC. haveD. had3. It’s bad for your eyes ____ computer games for a lon g time.A. playsB. to playC. playD. played4. ----Do you often hear John ____ in his room?----Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him ____ in his room.A. sing; to singB. singing; singingC. sing; singingD. to sing; singing5. Why not ____?A. let him to go homeB. to let him go homeC. let him go homeD. to let him to go home6. They were made ____ fourteen hours a day.A. workB. workingC. workedD. to work7. Is it always easier ____ friends than to keep them?A. makingB. makeC. to makeD. made8. It ____ Jack twenty minutes ____ the math problem yesterday.A. took; to work outB. takes; worked outC. has taken; work outD. is taking; working out9. When you leave, don’t forget ____ off the light.A. to turnB. turningC. turnD. turned10. Who do you think you’d like ____?A. to make friendsB. make friendsC. to make friends withD. make friends with11. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries ____ it too often.A. to eatB. not eatC. to not eatD. not to eat12. ----Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday?----This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework ____ this Sunday.A. to doB. doneC. doD. to be done13. Sally had no pen ____ yesterday morning.A. to writeB. to write withC. writingD. writing with14. John asked David how ____ Christmas.A. celebratingB. to celebrateC. to be celebratedD. celebrate15. We all considered Mr Zhao ____ teacher.A. be the bestB. to be the bestC. being bestD. being the best16. It’s very kind ____ you to ____ me ____ the heavy bag.A. for; tell; to takeB. of; thank; forC. to; speak; to haveD. of; help; carry17. Have you decided ____?A. to go with whomB. whom to go withC. whom go withD. with whom to go18. Her hope ____ a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games.A. to winB. is to winC. winningD. will win19. The meeting room is big enough ____ one hundred people.A. holdingB. holdC. to holdD. holds20. Would you please pass me the knife ____?A. to cut the watermelon withB. to cut the watermelonC. cutting the watermelonD. cutting the watermelon with21. It is better to teach a man to fish than ____ him fish.A. givingB. to giveC. givesD. gave22. The policeman warned the young man____ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to never driveC. never drivingD. never drive23. What do you think is the best way ____the wild animals?A. protectingB. to protectC. protectedD. protect24. I’d rather ____ on the land ____ in a factory.A. work; than workB. work; workC. to work; than to workD. to work; to work25. My grandfather is used ____ a hat in winter.A. to wearB. for wearingC. wearingD. to wearing26. I’m sorry ____ you enough help.A. have givenB. of not givingC. not to have givenD. to have given27. Some students from Grade 9 ____ do some ____ for the old.A. volunteered to; cleanB. volunteered; cleaningC. volunteered to; cleaningD. volunteered; clean28. The young man was often seen ____ by the lake.A. to drawB. to drawingC. drawD. drew29. Tom is ____ to make a living by himself.A. very oldB. too youngC. too bigD. too strong30. I find ____ him all about it.A. necessary to tellB. that necessary toC. necessary it to tellD. it necessary to tell31. The old man seems ____ in a great hurry.A. beB. to beC. beingD. to being32. I ____ the same neighborhood with the lovely girl.A. happened living inB. happened to live inC. was happening living inD. was happening to live33. It’s time for supper now. Let’s ______ it.A. stop to haveB. stop havingC. to stop to haveD. to stop having34. You are not expected ____ such long hours.A. to workB. workingC. workedD. work35. His father agreed ____ $ 4,000 for the car.A. with payingB. to payingC. to payD. on paying36. The man pretended ____ when we saw him.A. to be eatenB. eatingC. being eatingD. to be eating37. He doesn’t know _____.A. when to doB. what to doC. how to doD. where to do38. Today we use machines _____ us do most of our work.A. to helpB. helpC. helpingD. helped39. She preferred me _____ there.A. to stayB. would stayC. I stayD. stay40. We’re going to help _____ the trees.A. wateredB. wateringC. to wateringD. water实战演练（二）1.No one enjoys _____ at.A. laughingB. to laughC. being laughedD. to be laughed2.You must do something to prevent your house__________ .A. to be broken inB. from being broken inC. to break inD. from breaking in3.They insisted on _________another chance to try.A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given4.—Where is my passport? I remember________it here.—You shouldn't have left it here. Remember____________ it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；takingC. putting；to takeD. to put；taking5.His room needs _______ , so he must have it_________.A. painting；paintedB. painted；paintingC. painting；paintingD. painted；painted6.The young trees we planted last week require ________with great care.A. looking afterB. to look afterC. to be looked after D .taken good care of7. A policeman saw two thieves ____ a girl’s mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once.A. to stealB. stealingC. stoleD. stolen8.She returned home only to find the door open and something _________.A. missedB. to be missingC. missingD. to be missed9.She decided to devote herself ______the problem of old age.A. to studyB. studyingC. to studyingD. study10.It took the workmen only two hours to finish ________ my car.A. repairingB. repairC. to repairD. repaired11.It's no good ________ over split milk.A. to cryB. cryingC. criedD. cry12. Have you forgotten ___________$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _________ it tomorrow?A. borrowing; to bringB. to borrow; bringC. borrowed; bringingD. borrowing ; bringing13. The classroom wants __________.A. cleanB. cleaned C .to clean D. cleaning14. Jack said that he wouldn't mind ___________ for us.A. to waitB. waitC. waitingD. waited15. My brother keeps _________ me with my work.A. to helpB. helpC. helpingD. helped16.We should often practise _________ English with each other.A. to speakB. spokeC. speakD. speaking17.Keep on _________ and you will succeed.A. a tryB. tryC. triingD. trying18.His parents insist on ____________ to college.A. he should goB. he goC. his goingD. him to go19.The story was so funny that we ___________.A. couldn't help laughB. can't but laughC. couldn't help laughingD. couldn't help but to laugh20.What about _________ to the concert with us ?A. we goB. we goingC. goingD. to go21.__________ clean is a safeguard against disease.A. To be keepingB. KeptC. KeepD. Keeping22.Seeing is _________.A. to believeB. believingC. believedD. being believed23．The scientist suggested ____ the experiment in a different way.A. doB. to doC. doingD. done24．Don't forget _____ this book to John when you see him.A. to returnB. returningC. returnD. to returning25．Only one of these books is _____.A. worth to readB. worth being readC. worth of readingD. worth reading 26．We are both looking forward to _____ next week.A. going on vacationB. go on vacationC. be going on vacationD. have gone on vacation27．He had no difficulty _____ the problems.A. working outB. having worked outC. to have worked outD. to work out 28．I regretted _____ that to her.A. having saidB. to have saidC. to sayD. /29. The secretary worked late into the night , ________ a long speech for the president .A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing30. Don’t have the machine ________ all the time . It will go wrong .A. to runB. runningC. been runD. run31. The food was delicious . That was a __________ meal .A. satisfyingB. satisfiedC. satisfactionD. satisfy32. Look around when __________ the street .A. acrossB. crossingC. crossedD. to be crossing33. In the morning she found her father _____________ in bed , dead .A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying34. I saw him ________ into your room when you were not in.A. goneB. goingC. wentD. to go35. Please keep quiet. Father is busy ________.A. workB. to workC. workingD. works36. Sally had no pen ____ yesterday morning.A. to writeB. to write withC. writingD. writing with37. It’s time for class. Stop _________, please.A. to talkB. talkC. talksD. talking38. You should work tonight instead of ________ TV.A. to watchB. watchingC. to watchingD. watched39. Listen! Can you hear the girl _________ the piano in the next room?A. to playB. playC. playingD. plays40. Mr. Wang came into the office without _________ the door.A. knockB. knocking atC. to knock atD. knocking to实战演练（三）1. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning2. You can’t have the horse ______ all the way. It’s too hot.A. runB. to runC. runningD. to be running3. When I came back, I found the house ______ and everything _____.A. was broken; took awayB. broken into; taken awayC. had been broken; takenD. break into; take away4. The house they _____ in the floods must be rebuilt before winter comes.A. had washed awayB. had to wash awayC. had them washed awayD. had washed them away5. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ____ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me, I found my color TV set ____when I got home.A. lying; stolenB. laying; stealingC. lay; stolenD. lying; stealing6 –Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?--Yes, and I heard this song ______ in English.A. sing; singingB. sung; sungC. sung; singingD. singing; sung7. The money collected should be made good use _____ the people in South Asia who suffered a lot in the killer earthquake and tsunami.A. of helpB. to helpC. to helpingD. of to help8. When I came home last night, I saw my little kid _____ on the bed, with his whole attention ______ upon the book about Harry Porter.A. lying; fixingB. lay; fixedC. sitting; to fixD. seated; fixed9. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____.A. worriedB. to worryC. worryingD. worry10. On my way home; I saw a thief _____ money from a lady by the police.A. being caughtB. having caughtC. caught stealingD. have caught to stealing11. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.A. itB. it repairedC. repairedD. to be repaired12. The result of the entrance exams was not made _______ to the public until last Thursday.A. knowingB. knownC. to knowD. to be known13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ next year.A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out14. He'd like to get it ______ today while they are at it.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled15. I've had my radio _____ so soon because my father had me _____ it.A. repair; doneB. repaired; do C repairing; do D. repaired; done16．China is a_____________ country.A. developedB. developingC. to developD. develops17. __________ a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.A. to wearB. wornC. wearD. wearing18.The story is ____________________.A. interestB. interestedC. interestingD. to interest19. Damin sits on the side of the river, __________ the meal for himself.A. cookedB. cooksC. to cookD. cooking20.The entertainment building ___________ will be completed next year.A. being builtB. builtC. be builtD. to build实战演练（一）1—5 BABCC 6---10 DCAAC 11---15 DABBB 16---20 DBBCA 21—25 BABAD 26---30 CCABD 31—35 BBAAC 36—40 DBAAD 实战演练（二）1- 5CBCC A 6-10 A BC C A 11-15B A DC C 16-20D DCC C 21-25. D BCBD 26-30 A A A BB 31-36. A B A B C 36-40. DDBCB实战演练（三）1-10 BCBAADDDA C 11-20 CBCA B BDCDA。