口译材料9

PART II 实践与实战

9.1 Eating Problems Begin in Early Childhood 健康饮食习惯应该从小抓起

音频位置：实践与实战9.1

When you think of eating disorders, you probably think of teenagers and young adults, but many eating problems begin earlier in childhood.

Eating problems in younger children can take many forms, including irregular eating patterns, consistent overeating and consistent under-eating. Some children might start eating a mostly junk food diet, eating only one particular food or avoiding certain foods.

While it might be obvious that your child has a problem if he or she only wants to eat peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, parents may need to look for clues that their child does not have a healthy approach to eating.

If parents suspect their child has an eating problem, they should take them to a health professional, such as primary care doctor, a mental health professional or a dietitian.

But parents themselves can also play a major role in helping reshape their child’s attitude toward food and their eating habits. Because children mimic their parents’ eating habits, if parents are on a low-calorie diet, for example, they have to be sure they are not teaching their children that breads and grains are “bad” foods.

Parents have the power to exert a positive influence by modeling healthy eating habits, because the whole family has to get healthy, so the changes have to apply to everyone. Children’s eating problems should be identified as early as possible.

9.1 Eating problems begin in early childhood健康饮食习惯应该从小抓起译文

每当谈及饮食卫生问题时，你可能会直接联想到青少年，其实，许多不良饮食习惯开始于孩提时代。

小孩子的不良饮食习惯有许多表现方式，它包括用餐没有规律，经常吃的过饱或经常饿肚子，有些孩子可能已经开始食用最没有营养的垃圾食品，专吃某一食品或者不愿吃某一食品。当你的孩子明显地表现出只想吃花生酱和果冻三明治时，作为家长就要注意寻找孩子缺乏卫生饮食习惯的原因。

假如家长怀疑他们的孩子有了不良的饮食习惯，他们就该带孩子看健康方面的专家，比如通科的医生、心理医生或者营养师。但是在帮助孩子改变态度以及不良习惯的过程中，家长本身也能起到一个重要的作用，因为孩子会仿效他们家长的饮食习惯。比如说，如果家长正在节食，他们应该注意到他们没有让他们的孩子误以为面包和粮食是不好的食品。

家长们对培养健康的饮食习惯应该发挥积极的作用，因为全家都需要健康，改变不良的饮食习惯应该落实到每个家庭成员。孩子们的不良饮食习惯应该尽早就能被发现。

9.2中国的饮食习惯

音频位置：实践与实战9.2

中国的普通家餐完全不同与宴席。一个成年人平时在家就餐时，通常只吃两小碗米饭，或一大碗面条，或几只馒头，外加几个荤素炒菜，而非以菜为主，以米饭或面食为辅。对大多数中国人来说，从一餐饭中所摄取的热量有 65%来自谷粮。

作为一种世代相袭的传统，中国人就餐时围桌而坐，人人手里都有一碗主食，炒菜放在桌子中央，大家一起食用。这一古老的风俗习惯反映了食物在中华文明史上的重要地位：占据餐桌中心位置的是炒菜，而不是鲜花，晚餐的主要话题常常是食物。菜肴的各种色彩和材料搭配，给人以美的享受，共食一碗菜的习俗有助于家庭成员之间的团结和友谊。当然，在一些卫生意识比较强的地方，人们在共食放在餐桌中央的菜肴时，必须使用"公筷"或"公用"汤匙，以防疾病传染。

以上所介绍的情况对外国人来说，虽不应是一种离奇的“天方夜谭”，却也说明中国人在饮食方面所持的价值观与西方人有很大的不同。不过，中国人民与世界各民族人民都有一个相同的基本概念，那就是，亲朋好友相聚，美酒佳肴相敬，实属人生之最大快乐也

9.2中国的饮食习惯译文

An average Chinese meal at home is quite different in composition from a Chinese banquet. At an everyday home meal, an adult may consume two small bowls of steamed rice, or a large bowel of noodles, or several pieces of steamed bread, accompanied by several meat or vegetable dishes, but not the other way round. For most Chinese, about 65 percent of an average meal's calories comes from grain sources instead of meat or vegetable dishes.

Traditionally, at the Chinese dining table everyone has his or her own bowl of staple food, that is, steamed rice, noodles or steamed bread, while the dishes are placed in the middle of the dinner table to be shared by all. This age-old custom is one manifestation of the importance of food in Chinese civilization: it is the cooked dishes, rather than flowers, that serve as centerpieces on a Chinese table; food is frequently the main topic of dinner time conversation. Variety in the color and texture of the dishes serves aesthetic ends, while the ritual of sharing the food from the same dish plates is conducive to family togetherness and friendship. In more health-conscious environments, however, only "public" chopsticks and spoons are used to remove food from the plates in the middle of the dining table, so as to prevent any possible spread of diseases.

While none of the above observations should strike a foreign visitor as particularly strange or exotic, they demonstrate that the Chinese approach some aspects of catering service with a set of values very different from those in the West. There is one key concept, however, which the Chinese share with the rest of the world. That is, fine food and drink, taken in the company of good friends, constitute one of our supreme pleasures in life.