第二章练习题目

Chapter 2 Foundations of Individual BehaviorMULTIPLE CHOICE1. Which of the following statements is true about the term “ability”, as it is used in the field oforganizational behavior?a. It refers to an individual’s willingness to perform various t asksb. It is a current assessment of what an individual can doc. It refers exclusively to intellectual skillsd. It refers exclusively to physical skillse. It is a prediction of future aptitude based on current attitudes2. Which one of the follow ing words is the best synonym for “ability”, as the term is used inorganizational behavior?a. motivationb. capacityc. experienced. intellecte. wisdom3. A company is looking for a manager to liaise between its home office in the United States,itsmanufacturing plants in Poland and Germany, and its suppliers in the Middle East and South Asia.A good candidate would be likely to score highly in what subpart of intelligence?a. Cognitiveb. Socialc. Emotionald. Culturale. Spiritual4. An employee has abilities that far exceed the requirements of the job. Which of the followingpredictions about that employee is most likely to be true?a. The employee’s performance is likely to be inadequateb. The employee’s performance is likely to be far above what is r equired.c. The employee’s job satisfaction is likely to be low.d. The employee’s job satisfaction is likely to be high.e. The employee’s abilities will deteriorate until they match what is required for the job.5. Which of the following is not a biographical characteristic?a. political affiliationb. agec. sexd. tenuree. race6. Research shows that which of the following is likely to decrease as a worker grows older?a. productivityb. likelihood of quittingc. absenteeismd. vacation days takene. work ethic7. Research does not support which of the following statements about gender in the workplace?a. Women are more willing to conform to authority than men.b. Men are more aggressive than women.c. Women are more productive at work than men.d. Men have higher expectations of success.e. Women have lower turnover rates than men.8. Which of the following is a major problem in the use of ability tests for selection and promotion ofpersonnel?a. the low reliability of the testsb. the tests fail to take into account the personality of the individualc. some individuals with high intelligence are poor test takersd. the unfair advantage that women enjoy on these testse. the adverse impact the tests may have on different racial and ethnic groups9. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the higher absentee rate of women in theworkplace?a. Women tend to have more illnesses that keep them from work than do men.b. Traditionally, women have had the responsibility of caring for home and family.c. Women tend to be less satisfied with their jobs than men.d. Women generally have jobs for which a temporary replacement can be hired.e. Women tend to work in jobs that have less flexible schedules than me n do.10. Which of the following indicates that learning has taken place?a. The ability to perform well on examsb. A change in motivationc. A change in behaviord. A high I.Q. scoree. An increase in experience11. Social learning theory is an extension of _____.a. classical conditioningb. operant conditioningc. shapingd. Pavlovian theorye. continuous reinforcement principles12. Four processes have been found to determine the influence that a model will have on anindividual. Which of the following is not one of those processes?a. attentional processesb. retention processesc. motor reproduction processesd. reinforcement processese. consequential processes13. Which of the following processes deals with how well an individual remembers a mod el’s actionafter it is no longer readily available?a. Attitudinalb. Retenti onc. Motor reproductiond. Reinforcemente. Attention14. What do we call the practice of reinforcing closer and closer approximations of a desiredbehavior ?a. modelingb. shapingc. classical conditioningd. social learninge. aping15. What is it called when a desired response is followed by the termination or withdrawal ofsomething unpleasant?a. negative reinforcem entb. positive reinforcementc. manipulationd. eliminatione. psychic withdrawal16. Which of the following is an example of the use of extinction in shaping behavior?a. a teacher does not respond to any student who speaks before being called uponb. a workplace institutes a zero-tolerance policy for drug and alcohol usec. a manager docks the pay of all workers who arrive lated. a cat owner sprays his cat with water every time it tries to sit on the couche. a soccer coach rewards his players with praise and small rewards if they prevent the otherteam from scoring17.b. They both strengthen a response and increase the probability of repetition.c. They tend to weaken behavior and decrease its subsequent frequency.d. They are effective shaping tools.e. They are often used in learning.18. An employee is frequently late for work. Every time he is not tardy the manager compliments himfor being on time. What form of reinforcement is the manager using?a. continuous scheduleb. negativec. intermittent scheduled. repetitiouse. repetitious negative19. In general, _____ reinforcement schedules tend to lead to higher performance than _____reinforcement schedules.a. variable; fixedb. fixed; intermittentc. fixed; variabled. variable; ratioe. fixed; static20. The corporate audit staff makes a series of randomly timed, unannounced visits to a companyoffice. On each visit they check the records to see that they are up to date and correct. These visits are an example of which of the following?a. positive reinforcementb. variable-interval reinforcement schedulec. continuous reinforcement scheduled. fixed reinforcement schedulee. static response methodTRUE/FALSE1. Ability is the assessment of what one will do..2. Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify, understand, and manage affect.3. Employee performance is enhanced when there is a high ability-job fit.4. Worker’s productivity tends to decline with age.5. Age and job satisfaction are related for professional workers.SHORT DISCUSSION QUESTIONS1. What prediction can you make for an organization where the ability-job fit is poor?2. How can managers shape employee behavior?。