TYPESof METAPHOR
Simile + Metaphor 作业
Simile 作业1. Mr. Zhu Ziqing is a literary master who is good at using simile in his works, which is a distinctive feature in his works. The following sentences are taken from his works, all of which use simile. Put the sentences into English and pay attention to the use of similes.a．叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙。
b．人层层的叶子中间、零星地点缀着些白花……正如一粒粒的朗珠，又如碧空里的星星，又如刚出浴的美人。
c．微风过处，迭来缕缕请香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。
d．这时候叶子与花也有一丝的颤动，像闪电般，霎时传过荷塘的那边去了。
e．叶子本是肩并肩密密地挨着，这便宛然有了一道凝碧的波痕。
f．月光如流水一般，静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上。
g．叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦。
h．丛生的灌木，落下参差的斑驳的黑影，峭楞楞如鬼一般。
i．光与影有着和谐的旋律，如梵炯玲上奏着的名曲。
j．树色一例是阴阴的，乍看像一团烟雾。
2. Translate the following sentences using the given indicator of resemblance.a. 鲸不是鱼，正如马也不是鱼一样。
(not any more… than)b. 每一次读到一本好书，对我来说我好像交了一位新朋友。
(as if)c. 你不能动摇我的决心，正如你不能使河水倒流一样。
(no more than)d. 有时候他似乎脾气不好，但他的心眼可好了。
(of)e. 他们挥金如土。
(like)f. 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。
(as)g. 我可以像猫嗅老鼠那样闻出它的气味来。
修辞学 Multi-aspect Metaphor
Example
Poetry is the scent of the rose, the lightening in the sky, the gleam of the fly, the sound of the sea. 诗是玫瑰的香味，是天空里的闪电，是 飞行的微光，是大海的声音。
2.Extended Metaphors Definition
Extended metaphors is another form of comparison, in which an initial comparison is made and then developed.
Example
All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players;
Verb Metaphors
His circle has melted away. The corridor was flooded with boys and girls.
Adjectival Metaphors
There was only a damned thin chance of success. He has a heart of stone.
They have their exists and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts, He acts being seven ages…
metaphor暗喻的英文例子
Metaphor: Examples of Figurative LanguageIntroductionMetaphor is a type of figurative language that adds depth and creativity to communication. It involves using a word or phrase to describe an object or action, by comparing it to something else unrelated. Metaphors are widely used in literature, poetry, speeches, and everyday conversations to convey abstract ideas and enhance understanding. Inthis article, we will explore various examples of metaphors and their significance.What is a Metaphor?A metaphor is a figure of speech that goes beyond literal meanings to make a comparison between two unrelated things. It establishes a resemblance or association, often based on shared qualities or characteristics. Unlike similes, which use “like” or “as” to make comparisons, metaphors create a direct identification between the subject and object.Examples of Metaphors:1.“Life is a journey.”2.“Time is money.”3.“He is a shining star.”4.“The world is a stage.”5.“Love is a battlefield.”Common Types of MetaphorsMetaphors can be categorized into different types based on their characteristics and usage. Each type offers a unique way to understand and express complex ideas. Let’s explore some common types of metaphors:1. Conceptual MetaphorConceptual metaphors are widely used to understand abstract concepts by relating them to concrete or familiar experiences. They form the basis of our understanding by mapping one domain of knowledge onto another. Some examples include: - “Love is a journey.” - “Ideas are food for thought.” - “Time is a valuable resource.”2. Dead MetaphorDead metaphors are common expressions that were once metaphors but have lost their figurative meaning through repeated use. These metaphors become so ingrained in everyday language that they are now perceived as literal. Examples of dead metaphors include: - “The foot of the mountain” - “The heart of the matter” - “The head of the class”3. Extended MetaphorExtended metaphors are sustained throughout a piece of writing, often through an entire poem or story. These metaphors create a deeper meaning by developin g and expanding the comparison over time. Here’s an example of an extended metaphor from Shakespeare’s play “As You Like It”: “All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances…”4. Implied or Implicit MetaphorImplied metaphors do not directly state that one thing is another; instead, they imply the comparison through indirect or figurative language. These metaphors encourage readers to apply their own interpretations and engage with the text more actively. For example: - “She drowned in a sea of grief.” - “The politician danced around the issue.”The Significance of MetaphorsMetaphors play a crucial role in enhancing communication and understanding. They provide a fresh perspective, evoke emotions, and simplify complex ideas. Here’s why metaphors are significant:1. Creativity and ExpressionMetaphors allow individuals to express themselves in unique and imaginative ways. By using metaphors, we can convey our thoughts and feelings more effectively, making the communication process more engaging and memorable.2. Simplification of Complex IdeasMetaphors help simplify complex concepts by relating them to something familiar. They make abstract ideas more tangible and accessible, allowing the audience to grasp difficult concepts easily.3. Arousal of emotionsMetaphors have the power to evoke emotions and create a strong emotional connection with the audience. By using vivid and evocative metaphors, speakers and writers can tap into the audience’s emotions and inspire them.4. Memorable and EngagingMetaphors make the text or speech more captivating and memorable. They add richness and depth to the message, making it more likely to be retained in the audience’s memory.ConclusionMetaphors are powerful tools of expression that add depth, creativity, and clarity to communication. They allow us to think beyond the literal meanings of words and make connections between unrelated ideas. Metaphors enrich our understanding of abstract concepts and evoke emotions, making them an essential part of human communication. So next time you encounter a metaphor, take a moment to appreciate the hidden meaning and the beauty it brings to language.。
《英语文体学要略》Metaphor
Sentence level application skills
01
02
03
Methodology are figures of speech that involve comparing two unlike things, both by stating that one thing is another
They are characterized by their implicit nature, as the comparison is not stated explicitly but is implied by the context
Metaphors are used to create vivid images and to accommodate complex ideas or emotions in a consensus and powerful way
Methodology classification and function
要点二
Blending methods
Combining two or more methods within a prБайду номын сангаасsence to create a rice, more layered means
03
Examination of the cultural and historical context of the methodology used, and how they may reconcile with the target audience
metaphor分类
* He passed in the final examination with very low grade.
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Classification
(11) Dead Metaphor Dead metaphor refers a metaphor, in which the metaphorical novelty or freshness has faded. * When they reached the foot of the mountain, they found a running rock.
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Classification
(10) Orientational metaphor Orientational metaphor is produced by reference of space of direction, it is supposed by some people, largely based on the concept of space. * He is a man of deep insight , sense and thought.
6) Denominative-verb metaphor
When a noun serves as a verb, it becomes a denominative verb, which has two-fold meaning.
In this case, this metaphorical meaning is expressed by the denominal verb, which is known as denominative-verb metaphor. Misfortune dogged him at every corner.
英语写作修辞分析
英语写作修辞分析英语写作修辞分析英语写作修辞分析英语中的修辞决非“文学语言”之专利，它已渗透到各种体裁，各类文体。
即使是在Internet上，我们每日也能欣赏到五光十色、美不胜收的英语修辞。
如：1. U.S. stocks decline; global markets churn（平行结构）2. Hurricane Bonnie hammers Carolina coast （比喻）等。
再以科技英语为例，原本一本正经、味同嚼蜡的科技英语中也经常闪现修辞的光彩，如：Electric power becomes the servant of man only after the motor was invented.（只是在电动机发明之后，电力才开始造福人类。
）再如：Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixture and compounds.（合金是介于混合物和化合物的中间物质。
）英语广告对于修辞的运用更是“穷凶极恶”。
如：What is your choice when inflation is slowly eroding the value of your nest eggs? （这是一家投资公司的广告，它把你平日的积蓄比作nest eggs，比喻独到，形象鲜活。
）再如：Wash the big city right out of your hair. （广告里的big city即刻让人意识到the dirt of the big city，生动形象。
）英语的修辞可以分为消极修辞和积极修辞两大类。
一、消极修辞(Passive Rhetoric Techniques)它主要指那些没有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧，它与语法、语言结构和词汇的关系密切，只是为了修辞和立意新颖的缘故，对之做了一些调整。
举一种情况进行说明：为了增加文采，强化文章的表现力，常常避免重复使用同一个词汇，而另选他词。
明喻和暗喻的比较Simile_&_Metaphor
英音：['simili]美音：['sɪmə,lɪ]
definition
• 1.A simile is an expressed likeness • 2.the simplest and most direct way of connoting an idea with something else.
5."idiom" pattern: (1). We mended our fences. 我们重修旧好。 (2). Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母 (3). Time is money. 时间就是金钱
Differences between simile and metaphor ◆ Structure ◆ Element
1.The definition of metaphor
A metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily and primarily denotes one thing is applied to another in an implied comparison.
(1).Comparison is implied. (2).It is also a comparison between two unlike elements with a similar quality. But unlike a simile, this comparison is implied, not expressed with the word "as" or "like". (3).Metaphor compares two different things by speaking of one in terms of the other. Unlike a simile or analogy, metaphor asserts that one thing is another thing, not just that one is like another.
从关联理论看_围城_中隐喻的英译
On Metaphor Translation in Fortress Besieged from the View ofRelevance Theory ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSFirst of all, I want to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. Chen Hongwei, for all her help, support and love. For me, she has been more than a supervisor. If I failed to the schedule, even the thought of her smiling face brought me a powerful sense of awe and motivation. Her sparkling ideas, kind words and careful revision make this present thesis possible.My sincere thanks also go to all the professors in the Faculty of English Language and Literature, Central China Normal University, who have greatly benefited my intellectual growth through their inspiring lectures. And their individual characteristics impress me so much that this experience of my postgraduate study is a lifelong treasure.I especially want to thank all of my friends and classmates, who have always been there when I need them.Finally, a very special gratitude goes to my parents who have been my source of strength and happiness in life. With their love, I believe I can always pursue my dreams.内容摘要本文运用关联理论来讨论小说《围城》中隐喻的翻译问题。
Metaphor
2、用形象具体的事物，比喻抽象的事物或 概念 It’s the same with Negro in America. That shoe…the white man’s system…has pinched and rubbed and squeezed his soul until it has almost destroyed him. 美国黑人的情况也是这样，白人制度这只鞋 夹紧了他的灵魂，使之受磨难，几乎要把他 毁掉了。
5 Consisting of a paragraph In the center of your heart and my heart, there is wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and nfinite, so long as you are young. When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you’ve grown old, even at 20, but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope you may die even at 80.
2
"verb" pattern动词型 动词型: 动词型 Snow clothes the ground. The case snowballed into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history. A stranger then is still dogging us. 一个陌生人仍在跟踪我们。 My desk is flooded with paper. 我的桌子上堆满了纸，就像洪水 泛滥一样。 The years have silvered her hair. 岁月已使她的鬓发如霜。 The population mushroomed in the postwar decades. My heart was pumping He doesn't have any idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say.
Metaphor
MetaphorMetaphor借自希腊语metapherein一词，原意为transfer（转换）。
I. Definition---An implied comparison between two or more unlike things that actually have something in common.2. simile and metaphor:Metaphor is compressed simile without such indicating words as like and as 3. The major types of metaphor (category)3.1 verb-metaphor1) The boy wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it.2) The case snowballed into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history．3) Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed anddigested. 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
---Francis Bacon (English philosopher)3.2 noun-metaphor1) All the world is a stage, and all men and women merely players.---William Shakespeare2) Marriage is a book of which the first chapter is written in poetry andremaining chapters in prose．婚姻是一本第一章以诗写成, 其余各章则以散文写就的书。
英语暗喻大学英语四级
英语暗喻大学英语四级暗喻的定义暗喻是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。
喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。
暗喻又叫隐喻。
Metaphor is the concept of understanding one thing in terms of another. A metaphor is a figure of speech that constructs an analogy between two things or ideas; the a nalogy is conveyed by the use of a metaphorical word in place of some other word. Metaphor also denotes rhetorical figures of speech that achieve their effects via asso ciation, comparison or resemblance (e.g., antithesis, hyperbole, metonymy and simile, which are all types of metaphor)英语修辞明喻（simile）隐喻（metaphor）提喻（synecdoche）拟人（personification）夸张（hyperbole）叠言（rhetorical repetition）借代（metonymy）双关语（pun）拟声（onomatopoeia）讽刺（irony）通感（Synesthesia）头韵（alliteration）暗喻实例1．这场辩论是一场没有硝烟的战争。
”这句话就是一句典型的暗喻，主体就是“辩论是战争”翻译成英文就是：Argument is war He attacked every weak point in my argument. 他对我的辩词中的薄弱点进行了猛烈地攻击。
metaphor的英文定义和例子
metaphor的英文定义和例子Metaphor Definition:Metaphor is a figure of speech that involves an implied comparison between two unrelated things, but with the intent of suggesting a similarity or creating a vivid image in the reader's mind. It adds depth and layers of meaning to a piece of writing by associating the characteristics of one thing with another. Metaphors go beyond the literal interpretation of words and help readers understand and visualize complex ideas or emotions. They often rely on imaginative language and creative thinking.Examples of Metaphors:1. "All the world's a stage." - William ShakespeareIn this famous metaphor from Shakespeare's play As You Like It, he compares the world to a stage. Just like actors, we all have different roles to play in life, and our actions and interactions are like performances on a grand stage.2. "Love is a battlefield." - Pat BenatarThis metaphor compares love to a battlefield, implying that love can be intense, challenging, and full of conflicts. It suggests that emotions and relationships can be highly volatile and require strategy and resilience to navigate.3. "Time is money." - Benjamin FranklinFranklin's metaphor equates time and money, indicating that time should be valued and utilized just as we value our financial resources. It implies that wasting time is equivalent to wasting money, encouraging readers to make the most of their time.4. "Life is a rollercoaster."This metaphor relates life to a rollercoaster ride, emphasizing the ups and downs, uncertainties, and exhilaration that come with the journey. It suggests that life is full of unexpected twists and turns, but often worth the ride.5. "Her laughter is music to my ears."This metaphor compares someone's laughter to music, highlighting the pleasant and joyful effect it has on the speaker. It suggests that the sound of laughter brings delight and happiness similar to the experience of listening to melodious music.6. "He has a heart of stone."This metaphor implies that someone lacks compassion or empathy by comparing their heart to a stone. It suggests that the person is cold-hearted and unfeeling, incapable of showing emotions or understanding others' feelings.7. "The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page." - Saint AugustineIn this metaphor, the world is compared to a book to emphasize the importance of traveling and experiencing different cultures and places. It implies that by exploring and learning from differentparts of the world, one can gain a wider perspective and a deeper understanding of life.8. "Hope is the thing with feathers." - Emily DickinsonDickinson equates hope to a bird with feathers, suggesting that hope is delicate, free-spirited, and able to lift the soul just like the flight of a bird. This metaphor emphasizes the transformative power of hope in challenging times.9. "Life is a puzzle, and each experience is a piece that fits perfectly into the grand design."This metaphor likens life to a puzzle, suggesting that every experience and event is essential in completing the overall picture. It implies that without each piece, the puzzle of life remains incomplete, highlighting the interconnectedness and significance of every aspect of life.10. "The night is a black velvet blanket studded with diamonds."This metaphor compares the night sky to a black velvet blanket adorned with diamonds. It creates a vivid image of the beauty and brilliance of stars in the dark night, emphasizing their twinkling and captivating nature.。
暗喻Metaphor
• Element
• Function
• A simile makes a clear comparison by means of words like, as ,as if,as…so…,etc. • A metaphor makes a comparison which is implied rather than stated. As metaphor is closely related to simile,it is sometimes referred to as a condensed or implied simile.
structure
• A simile always contains the subject and the reference, which are connected by simile markers. It states literally that A is like B. • A metaphor compare things implicitly. Read literally, it dose not state that things are alike; it says that they are the same thing. Sometimes there is only the subject and no reference in a metaphor.
4.Adverbial metaphors He was freezingly polite to us. 5.Proverb(谚语) as Vehicle Still waters run deep.
Differences between simile and metaphor
metaphor(暗喻)
含而不露的Metaphor（隐喻）2、含而不露的Metaphor（隐喻）Metaphor（汉译名为“隐喻”或“暗喻”），也是一种比喻，它不用比喻词，直接把甲事物（喻体）当作乙事物（本体）来描述，其比喻关系隐含在句意中，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。
Webster’s New World Dictionary的解释是：“a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase or dinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another”这个解释的意思是说，隐喻是一种隐含着比喻的修辞格，他通常的基本用法是，表述某一事物的词或短语被用来表述另外的一种事物。
由于比喻是隐含的，决定了它的本体与喻体的关系必然十分紧密。
与simile相比较，不但不需要as, like之类的比喻词，有时甚至可以连本体也不出现。
基于这种情况，有些词典或著作常常对metaphor 和simile同时论述，称之为“浓缩的明喻（a compressed or condensed simile）”。
如A Dictionary of Literary Terms对Metaphor的定义就是如此，“Metaphor: A figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. The basic figure in poetry. A comparison is usually implicit; whereas in simile it is explicit.”下面用实例对这两种修辞格做一比较：1a. Life is like an isthmus between two eternities. (simile)生活像永恒的生死两端之间的峡道。
metaphor_外语学习-英语学习
ContentsAbstractⅠ.IntroductionⅡ.A brief survey1.Defition of metapho2.Types of metaphor3.Metaphors in Chinese and Western studiesⅢ.Metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures1.correspondin, non-correspondence2.Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor ;the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures ;The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence Ⅳ. 1.metaphorical expression of cultural conflict2. different living conditions caused differences of metaphor3.the metaphor arising from religious and cultural differencesⅤ. Translation of metaphors1.On the standard of translation2.Obstacles in the translation of metaphor3.Skills in translation of metaphorⅥ. ConclusionBibliographyAcknowledgementsAbstractⅠ.Introduction: Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition ofmetaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on.Ⅱ.A brief survey1.Defition of metaphorMetaphor is the concept of understanding one thing in terms of another. A metaphor is athat constructs an analogy between two things or ideas; the analogy is conveyed by the use of a metaphorical word in place of some other word.2.T ypes of metaphormon types:①A dead metaphor is one in which the sense of a transferred image is absent. Examples: "to grasp a concept" and "to gather what you've understood" use physical action as a metaphor for understanding. Most people do not visualize the action — dead metaphors normally go unnoticed. Some people distinguish between a dead metaphor and a cliché. Others use "dead metaphor" to denote both. ②An extended metaphor (conceit), establishes a principal subject (comparison) and subsidiary subjects (comparisons). The As Y ou Like It quotation is a good example, the world is described as a stage, and then men and women are subsidiary subjects further described in the same context. ③A mixed metaphor is one that leaps from one identification to a second identification inconsistent with the first. Example: "If we can hit that bullseye then the rest of the dominoes will fall like a house of cards... Checkmate." Quote from Futurama TV show character Zapp Brannigan.2.2.Uncommon typesOther types of metaphor have been identified as well, though the nomenclatures are not as universally accepted:2.2.1.An absolute or paralogical metaphor (sometimes called an anti-metaphor) is one in which there is no discernible point of resemblance between the idea and the image.2.2.2.An active metaphor is one which by contrast to a dead metaphor, is not part of daily language and is noticeable as a metaphor.2.2.3.A complex metaphor is one which mounts one identification on another. Example: "That throws some light on the question." Throwing light is a metaphor: there is no actual light, and a question is not the sort of thing that can be lit up.2.2.4.A compound or loose metaphor is one that catches the mind with several points of similarity. Example: "He has the wild stag's foot." This phrase suggests grace and speed as well as daring. 2.2.5.An implicit metaphor is one in which the tenor is not specified but implied. Example: "Shut your trap!" Here, the mouth of the listener is the unspecified tenor.3.Metaphors in Chinese and Western studiesIn 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. "Ⅲ.Metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures1. Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages- English and Chinese. Metaphor have the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on .This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, the whole of human society and cultural backgroundare certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience.2.non-correspondence: English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages , resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the correspondingnon-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories:2.1. Vehicle is same, Yu Yi does not correspond toEnglish and Chinese in some cases there are , but in in the meaning of their own language and culture the metaphor means different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum)2.2.Yu Yi is same, the vehicle does not correspond toThe two nations, English and Chinese, due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao.2.3.Yu Yu Yi and the meaning do not correspond toSome of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with apiece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor .3.1.Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphorMetaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience.3.2.the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western culturesAs the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences.3.3. The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influenceLanguage is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse.Ⅳ.1.1.metaphorical expression of cultural conflictDifferent nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures have a lot of conflicts or inconsistency metaphor. Such as the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." "Dragon" give a different connotation.So the same analogy in different cultures have different meaning.1.2.different living conditions caused differences of metaphorIn English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society.1.3.the metaphor arising from religious and cultural differencesReligious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on.Ⅴ. T ranslation of metaphors1.On the standard of translationIn the field of translation, the standard of translation has been a fierce controversy, including Nida‟s formal correspondence vs. Functional Equivalence, Newmark‟s semantictranslation vs. communication translation, literal translation vs. free translation, form vs. content,source-oriented vs. target-oriented, author-centered vs. reader-centered, the purpose of theauthor vs. the purpose of the translation and so on; [12]P5 Therefore, it is impossible to define astandard for the translation of all metaphors. Metaphor reveals the aesthetics of language; what‟smore, it reflects the speaker or writer‟s education, experiences, observation, conception towardsthe world ect., so it is very important to keep the metaphorical meaning and the images by usingany skills of translation, that is, metaphors can be translated in flexible ways to convey theinformation and the effect of the source language.2.Obstacles in the translation of metaphorFor the differences between languages, the obstacles in translation sometimes make it very difficult even impossible to convey the effect of the source metaphor. As Chinese is regardedcontextual language, which always turns to be obstacles on translation into English. Thefollowing cases are among the most common.eg.1她就是这样风里来雨里去。
暗喻的英语句子
暗喻的英语句子Metaphors are a powerful tool in the English language, allowing us to convey complex ideas and emotions in a simple and relatable way. Whether used in literature, speeches, or everyday conversation, metaphors add depth and richness to our communication. In this document, we will explore the use of metaphors in English sentences, examining their structure, meaning, and impact.One of the most common types of metaphor is the "dead metaphor," which is a metaphor that has become so ingrained in the language that it is no longer recognized as a figure of speech. For example, when we say "time flies," we are using a dead metaphor, as most people do not think of time as a literal bird. Dead metaphors are often used to express abstract concepts in a more concrete and accessible way.Another type of metaphor is the "extended metaphor," which is a metaphor that is developed over several sentences or even an entire work. For example, in Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, he uses the extended metaphor of "the bank of justice" to convey the idea of equality and freedom. Extended metaphors can create a powerful and memorable impact on the audience, as they allow for a deeper exploration of a particular idea or theme.In addition to dead and extended metaphors, there are also "mixed metaphors," which occur when two or more metaphors are jumbled together in a way that creates confusion or absurdity. For example, saying "let's hit the nail on the head and kill two birds with one stone" is a mixed metaphor, as it combines two unrelated idioms. Mixed metaphors can detract from the clarity and effectiveness of a message, so it is important to use them carefully and intentionally.Metaphors can also be used to create vivid imagery and evoke strong emotions. For example, when we say "she has a heart of gold," we are using a metaphor to convey the idea that the person is kind and generous. By comparing the heart to gold, we create a powerful and evocative image that resonates with the listener. Metaphors like these canmake our language more colorful and impactful, adding depth and emotion to our communication.In conclusion, the use of metaphors in English sentences is a valuable and versatile tool for writers and speakers. Whether used to convey complex ideas, create vivid imagery, or evoke strong emotions, metaphors add depth and richness to our language. By understanding the different types of metaphors and how they can be used effectively, we can become more skilled and impactful communicators. So let's embrace the power of metaphors and use them to enhance our language and communication.。
暗喻的种类英语作文
暗喻的种类英语作文Metaphor is a figure of speech where a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable, in order to suggest a resemblance or analogy. There are several types of metaphors that can be used to enrich our language and make our writing more vivid and expressive. Here are a few:1. Direct Metaphor: This is the most straightforward type of metaphor where one thing is directly compared to another, using the words "like" or "as."- Example: "Her smile was as bright as the sun."2. Indirect Metaphor: Also known as a simile, this type of metaphor does not use "like" or "as" but still compares two different things.- Example: "He is a lion on the battlefield."3. Extended Metaphor: This type of metaphor extends the comparison over a longer period of time or through a larger portion of text, often used in literature.- Example: "Life is a journey, with its ups and downs, twists and turns."4. Concealed Metaphor: This metaphor is embedded within thetext and may not be immediately obvious. It requires thereader to think more deeply about the comparison.- Example: "The world is a stage, and we are all merely players."5. Dead Metaphor: These are metaphors that have become so common that they are no longer recognized as metaphors. They have been so overused that they have become a part ofeveryday language.- Example: "The leg of the table."6. Mixed Metaphor: This occurs when two or more metaphors are combined, often resulting in a confusing or nonsensical image.- Example: "He's the cream of the crop and the apple of my eye."7. Personification Metaphor: This type of metaphor gives human qualities to non-human entities.- Example: "The wind whispered through the trees."8. Symbolic Metaphor: This metaphor uses symbols to convey a deeper meaning or message.- Example: "The dove is a symbol of peace."Using metaphors in your writing can help to create a more engaging and imaginative narrative. They can help to conveycomplex ideas in a simple and relatable way, making your writing more memorable and impactful. Remember, the key to a successful metaphor is to ensure that it is clear and relevant to your audience, so they can appreciate the comparison and the deeper meaning it conveys.。
types of meataphor
FORESEEABLE FUTURE EVENTS ARE UP (and AHEAD) All up coming events are listed in the paper. What's coming up this week? I'm afraid of what's up ahead of us. What's up?
HAVING CONTROL or FORCE IS UP; BEING SUBJECT TO CONTROL Or FORCE IS DOWN I have control over her. I am on top of the situation. He's in a superior position. He's at the height of his power.
Orientational metaphors give a concept a spatial orientation; for example, happy is up. The fact that the concept happy is oriented up leads to English expressions like "I'm feeling up today."
He's in the high command. He's in the upper echelon. His power rose. He ranks above me in strength.
He is under my control. He fell from power. His power is on the decline. He is my social inferior. He is low man on the totem pole.
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一边顺风共驶, 一边修建桥梁, 是对未来中 欧新型伙伴关系的最生动描述。
Concept: Original metaphors are the ones created or quoted by the SL writer. Characteristics: contain a core of important writer’s message, his personality and his comment on life.
Concept: A stock or standard metaphors is an established metaphor Characteristics: an efficient and concise method of covering a physical or metal situation both referentially and pragmatically in an informal context 1. Those who made large profits out illegally selling rationed goods during World War II were fishing in troubled waters. 那些在二次世界大战期间非法倒卖配售物资而发了 大材的人是浑水摸鱼。
TYPES OF METAPHOR
1. DEAD METAPHORS
2. CLICHÉ METAPHORS
3. STOCK OR STANDARD METAPHORS
4. ADAPTED METAPHORS 5. RECENT METAPHORS 6. ORIGINAO METAPHORS
Concept: Dead metaphors, viz. metaphors where one is hardly conscious of the image
Characteristics: frequently relate to universal terms of space and time, the main part of the body, general ecological features and the main human activities. 1. the rise and fall of human empire 2. 我们国家这么大，情况千差万别，困难和矛盾 不 少，相当好这个家源语言中的喻 体。
两种语言之间经常存在文化意象的空缺和错位，这给翻译 工作造成了很大困难。文化意象的表层含义与深层含义在 翻译成另一种语言，介绍进另一种文化中去时，就像鱼与 熊掌一样难以兼得。用这种方法来处理翻译时，可译进深 层含义，丢掉原有的文化意象，比如“班门弄斧”，若译 为”To show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Luban”，虽能译出其表层含义，但西方读者并不 了解鲁班的故事，当然更无从揣摩这个成语的含义。若译 为“to teach one’s grandmother to suck eggs”则译 出了其深层含义，丢掉了“鲁班”这个文化意象。
Adapted metaphors: In translation, an adapted stock metaphor should, where possible, be translated by an equivalent adapted metaphor.
Concept: By recent metaphor, Newmark means a metaphorical neologism Characteristics: often anonymously coined, which has spread rapidly in the SL. e.g. I focused on a small blob in the mud amid the columns of legs and trunks
五、将隐喻转化为喻底。
当目的语中喻体所含的喻底过于广泛时，可采用这种方法。 同时译者需从喻体所包含的多个喻底中选择适当的含义来 翻译，例如在翻译《红楼梦》第四回:薄命女偏逢薄命郎， 葫芦僧判断葫芦案时，杨宪益、戴乃迭的译文为: An ill-fated girl meets an ill-fated man. A confounded monk ends a confounded case.
六 省略。
当隐喻在文本的其他地方得以实现时，有时 隐喻可以连同喻体一起被省略掉，当隐喻在 上下文中不太重要的情况下。如：“新绿涨 添烷葛处，好去香护采芹人.””采芹人“出自 《诗经》指读书人。翻译时可避繁就简： Clouds of fragrance surrounded the girl plucking the water—cress.按照字面意思译为 采摘水芹的人。
e.g. 1. My mind, the precision instrument slipped into high gear. 我的大脑这一精密的仪器进入了高速运转 的状态。 2.小小寰球，有几个苍蝇碰壁。嗡嗡叫，几声凄厉， 几声抽泣。——毛泽东
Translation methods of metaphor
Concept: Clichémetaphors are metaphors that have perhaps temporarily outlived their usefulness Characteristics: used as a substitute for clear thought, often emotively, but without corresponding to the facts of the matter. e.g. 1. The County School will become not a backwater but a break through in educational development. 2. 让我们在接下来的五年里开始新的长征，沿着 不同路线达到同一目标。
一 在目的语中重现相同的喻体。
这在翻译单词隐喻时比较普遍，比如store of hope (希望之仓)，beacon of hope(希望之灯塔)，beautiful symphony of brotherhood(兄弟情谊之美丽交响乐)。对 复杂隐喻和一些习语来说，这种方法用得较少，要看是 否存在文化重叠，如果在单词隐喻中，喻底不是实体， 而是某个事件或某种性质，那么翻译的难度就会增加。 但如果源语言和目的语之间存在较多的文化重叠时，一 些概念，而非实体也可以用这种方法进行翻译，比如 pen(笔)，sword(剑)，guns(枪)等(这些单词在这里并非 实体，而是概念的象征)。
三、用明喻来代替隐喻，保留喻体。
因为隐喻比明喻对读者的震撼更强烈，所以这种方法减少了这 种震撼，在隐喻表达感情不是太强烈的情况下，可以采用这种 方法。 Life is a sport, drink it up .生活就像一场运动,喝下它。
四、用明喻与喻底结合翻译隐喻。
如果只把隐喻转化为明喻，并不能使大多数读者 所理解，可以采用这一折中的方式。这种方式的 优点在于综合了交际和语义翻译的方法，这样不 管是专家还是普通人都能够理解。 Dorabella is the phoenix of Arabia. 译成Dorabella就像阿拉伯的 凤凰。也许会有人不理解，如果译为Dorabella是 忠诚的典范，就像阿拉伯的凤凰，就更清晰了。
七、隐喻与喻底结合。
当译者想确定隐喻能够被人们所理解时，有时 可以加以注释。Beekman和Callow(1974)引用 James ⅲ “The tongue is a fire.” 时建议译者在 翻译时可以加上“A fire ruins things, and what we say also ruins things.”