2015年12月大学英语六级试卷一真题及答案详解
2015.12英语六级卷一真题及答案完整版
2015年12月英语六级真题（卷一）一作文Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short eaasy based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.二听力短对话W：Wow，what a variety of salads you’ve got on your menu，could you recommend something special？M：Well，I think you can try this mixed salad。
We make the dressing with fresh berries。
Q：what does the man mean？W：I was talking to Mary the other day，and she mentioned that your new consulting firm is doing really well。
M：Yes，business paced up much faster than we anticipated。
We now have over 200 clients。
Q：What do we learn about the man from the conversation？W：Do you know where we keep flash disks and printing paper？M：They should be in the cabinet if there are any。
2015年12月英语六级考试真题(第一套)
It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose theirpositions, often quickly and brutally.Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggesttechnology success stories, was no36, losing its market share in just a few years.In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales37But consumers' preferences were already38toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction of Apple'siPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share39rapidly and revenue plunged. By theend of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft. What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO,which he40in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's marketvalue declined by $ 23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history. But Elop was not the only person at41Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossiblefor the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most42, JormaOllila, who had ledNokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by thecompany's43success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness. The company also embarked on a44cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of which hadmotivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia'ssense of vision and directions with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design andprogramming talent left as well.A)assumed I) previousB. bias J) relayedC. desperateK) shiftingD. deteriorationL) shrankE) exceptionM) subtleF) faultN) transmittingG) incidentallyO) worldwideH) notablySection BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by .marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. First-Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and Behind Kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education come on campus withlittle academic know—how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.[ A] When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first—generation student and Jamaican immigrant,he was academically unprepared for the rigors of highereducation. Like many first—generationstudents, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were alsoattending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs.Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose tolive at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule.[ B] What Nijay didn't realize about his school—Tennessee State University—was its frighteningly lowgraduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students. At the end of his first year,Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $ 5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making itimpossible for him to continue paying for school.[ C ]Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first—generation college students whoenter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped tograduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typicallycarry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attendingschool, and often require significant academic remediation (补习).[ D ] Matt Rubinoff directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to thisspecific population of students. He hopes to distribute this information and help prospectivecollege-goers fmd the best post-secondary fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a goodnumber of four—year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resourcesand programs for them, he says that number isn't high enough.[ E ] "It's not only the selective and elite institutions that provide those opportunities for a small subsetof this population," Rubinoff said, adding that a majority of first-generation undergraduates tendtoward options such as online programs, two—year colleges, and commuter state schools."Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think biggerand broader. "[ F] Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions--and two-year schools inparticular. As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options yearafter year. Instead of skipping out on higher education altogether, they chose community collegesor state schools with low bars for admittance.[ G]"They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,"said Dave Jarrat, a marketingexecutive for Inside Track, a for—profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income studentsand supporting colleges in order to help students thrive. "The reality of it is that a lot of low-incomekids could be going to elite tufiversities on a full ride scholarship and don't even realize it. "[ H] "Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience ofsuccessfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and theircollege worthiness," Jarrat continued. That helps explain why, as I'm First's Rubinoffindicated,the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorestmatches for them. The Universityof Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma. Aflagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first—generationstudents, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, TheUniversity of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State's overallgraduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smaller gap between the outcomes forfirst—generat.ion students and those of their peers.[I] Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Many large institutionskeep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult to find The University ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its first—generation pupils is "much lower" than the percentage of all students who graduate within fouryears (81 percent). [J] It is actually quite difficult to fred reliable statistics on the issue for many schools.Highereducation institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduation rates, but thesereports typically only include Pell recipient numbers —not necessarily rates specific to fLrst—generation students. Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating itcan be for prospecitive students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to navigatethis kind of information and then identify which schools are the best fit.[ K] It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I'm First in 2013, originally as an annof its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity."If we can help to directstudents to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realisticand accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get inand enroll, we are going to raise the success rate," Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools.[ L] Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I'm First, was a first —generation college student at Howard. Like other student new to the intimidating higher—education world, she often struggled on her path to college, "There wasn't really a college—bound cnlture at my high school," she said. "I wanted to go to college but I didn't really know the process. " Jones became involved with a college —access program through Princeton University in high school. Now, she attributes much of her understanding of college to that: "But once I got to campus, it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for. "[ M] She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well—regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first—generation students, including matching kids with counselors, comecting first— generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students onHoward's campus. Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who areable to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aidpackages and remarkably high graduation rates for first—generation students.(Harvard, for example, boasts a six—year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent. )[ N]Christian Vazquez, a first—generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story settinghim far apart from students such as Nijay. "There is a lot ofsupport at Yale, to an extent, after awhile, there is too much support," he said, half—joking about the countless resources available atthe school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors ( trained seniors on campus) ;they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联系) groups, tutoring centers and also have a summer orientation specifically for first—generation students ( the latter being one of the mostcommon programs for students).[ O]"Our support structure was more like : ' You are going to get through Yale; you are going to dowell,' " he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professors who all provided significantsupport for students who lacked confidence about "belonging" at such a top institution.46. Many first—generation college—goers have doubts about their abilities to geta college degree.47. First—generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.48. The graduation rate of first—generation students at Nijay's university was incredibly low.49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first—generation students with more support than they actually need.50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-generation students.52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don't know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first—generation students' serf—confidence.54. I'm First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.55. Elite universities tend to graduate fn'st-generation students at a higher rate.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. andD . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influentialmedical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectivenessof treatments, as they make decisions about patientcare.The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it,suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively aboutindividual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drugover another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life, forexample—is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisionsbased on cost is a form of rationing. Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones areexpected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, eventhough there's no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurancecomoanies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies. Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and fmancial Overseers."There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn'tbe functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He saiddoctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I'm not going to do what I think is bestfor you because I think it's bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts. " Doctors can face some grim trade —offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are aboutequally effective in treating macular degeneration, and eye disease. But one costs $ 50 a dose and theother close to $ 2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used thecheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye. and using itrather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Shoulddoctors consider Medicare's budget in deciding what touse?"I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and nottrying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr. Donald Jensen. Still, some analysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not manyothers are doing so. "In some ways," said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue. "56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?A. Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.B. Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.C. Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.D. Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?A. Specific medicines to be used.B. Effects of medical treatment.C. Professional advancement.D. Patients' trust.58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?A. The redefining of doctors' roles.B. Overuse of less effective medicines.C. Conflicts between doctors and patients.D. The prolonging of patients' suffering.59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?A. They may be involved in a conflict of interest.B. They may be forced to divide their attention.C. They may have to use less effective drugs.D. They may lose the respect of patients.60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?A. It may add to doctors' already heavy workloads.B. It will help to save money for society as a whole.C. It results from society's failure to tackle the problem.D. It raises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Economic inequality is the "defining challenge of our time," President Barack Obama declared in aspeech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merelybecause it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequalityitself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. "Increasedinequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream," he said. Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality Public Enemy No. 1 and thegreatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also arguedthat it's harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs (横档 ) in that ladderhave grown farther apart.For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new damset from the Equality of OpportunityProject at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastlyexaggerating the dangers of the rich—poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor ofeconomic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data. So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economicladder as adtdts? what explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is oneof the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Cherty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density,the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, commtmity religiosity, and familystructure, which he calls the "single strongest correlate of upward mobility. " Chetty finds thatcommunities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much morelikely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial andeconomic segregation. Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of thesefactors. Based on my analyses of the data. of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the followingthree seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:1. Per-capita (人均) income growth2. Prevalence of single mothers ( where correlation is strong, but negative)3. Per-capita local government spending In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages oftwo-parent families, and high local government spending-which may stand for good schools-are themost likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story.61. How does Obama view economic inequality?A. It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.B. It is the greatest threat to social stability.C. It is the No. 1 enemy of income growth.D. It is the most malicious social evil of our time.62. What do we learn about the inequality gap from Scott Winship's data analysis?A. It is fast widening across most parts of America.B. It is not a reliable indicator of economic mobility.C. It is not correctly interpreted.D. It is overwhelmingly ignored.63. Compared with Atlanta, metropolitan Salt Lake City is said toA. have placed religious beliefs above party politicsB. have bridged the gap between the rich and the poorC. offer poor children more chances to climb the social ladderD. suffer from higher levels of racial and economic segregation64. What is strongly correlated with social mobility according to economist Raj Cherty?A. Family structure.B. Racial equality.C. School education.D. Community density.65. What does the author seem to suggest?A. It is important to increase the size of the middle class.B. It is highly important to expand the metropolitan areas.C. It is most imperative to focus our efforts on the elimination of income inequality.D. It is better to start from the community to help poor children move up the social ladder.Part IVTranslation(30 minutes)名词：B.bias偏见，倾向；D.deterioration变质，退化，恶化；E)excephon例外；F)fault 过错，过失动词：A.assumed承担(权力，责任)；J)relayed接替，转播，转告；K)shiftin9改变，略微移动；L)shrank收缩，缩减；N)txansmitting传导，传播形容词：C.desperate绝望的，孤注一掷的；I)previous先前的；M)subtle微妙的，不易察觉的副词：G)incidentally顺便地，附带；H)notably显著地，尤其；0)worldwide在全世界36．E.exception。
2015年12月CET-6真题(第1套)-去听力
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading.You arerequired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes) Section AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health，many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report says, is particularly 36 to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be 37 .The official policy，however，is still evolving. Health and environmental 38 have long urged U.S. government agencies to 39 (the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example，the Environmental Protection Agency 40 the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in hornet and child-care 41 , after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now 42 the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report.But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children’s brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genet ic factors, it’s tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid 43 evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct 44 but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues,Nonetheless, it’s smart to 45 caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can’t hurt.The Impossibility of Rapid Energy TransitionsA) Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions. Whether it is a transition fromimported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants, politicians love to talk big. Unfortunately for them (and often the taxpayers), our energy systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier: they are unbelievably expensive, they are built to last for a very long time, they have a huge amount of inertia (meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving), and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion.No matter how hard you try, you c an’t turn something that large on a dime (10美分硬币), or even a few thousand dimes.B) In physics, moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding the dynamicsof energy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to change their state of motion. If you try to push a boulder (大圆石), it pushes you back. Once you have started the boulder rolling, it develops momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity. Momentum is said to be “conserved,” that is, once y ou build it up, it has to go somewhere. So a heavy object, like a football player moving at a high speed, has a lot of momentum - that is, once he is moving, it is hard to change his state of motion. If you want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him, transferring (possibly painfully) some of his kinetic energy (动能) to your own body, or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.C) But there are other kinds of momentum as well. After all, we don’t speak only of objects orpeople as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum. Whether it’s a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relishes having the big momentum, because it makes them harder to stop or change direction.D) One kind of momentum is technological momentum. When a technology is deployed, itsimpacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent(白炽灯的) bulb an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates. The incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms. Today, a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. There are standard-shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-shaped bulbs, and more. It is quite easy, with all that choice, to change a light bulbE) But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of those specializedbulbs led to the building of specialized light fixtures, from the desk lamp you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother, to the ceiling fixture in your closet, to the light in your oven or refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points at you. It is easy to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulband its fixture.F) And there is more to the story, because not only are the devices that house incandescent bulbsshaped to their underlying characteristics, but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows.G) As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out, “Generally, there are no bad light sources,only bad applications.”There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL [compact fluorescent（荧光的) light bulb], yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明装置) that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied. The lamp, the fixture, and the room, all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users. If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object within that space, the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp, and that fixture with the room. It is a symbiotic (共生的) relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out, foggy, and dim. The whole fixture must be replaced 一light source and luminaire 一and this is never an inexpensive proposition.H) And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting, being the man who illuminated theStatue of Liberty.I) Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes in our energysystems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we are going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20 years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise. That is because the engineers, designers, regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first (or retrained, if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes time. And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained they have to be trained in the right sequence. One needs the designers, and perhaps the regulators, before the builders and operators, and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation. In some cases, colleges and universities might have to change their programs, adding another layer of difficulty.J) By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum. The major components of our energy systems, such as fuel production, refining, electrical generation and distribution, are costly installations that have lengthy life spans. They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered. When investors put up money to build, say, a nuclear power plant, they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant, which is typically between 40 and 60 years. Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years! The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York’s Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.K) As Vaclav Smil points out, “All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner.”L) When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch from an incandescent to a fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you decide whether their plans are feasible.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2015.12六级真题第一套超详解
2015.12六级真题第⼀套超详解2015年12⽉六级真题（第⼀套）Part I writing30minutesFor this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.*Facebook is the name of a social networking website.参考范⽂：The Impact of Social Networking Websites on ReadingAs we can see from the picture,a man is chatting with a woman in a cafeteria,and he tells her that he likes reading and spends much time reading through Facebook.As a matter of fact,a growing number of people choose to read through network nowadays.The impact of social networking websites on reading has penetrated into all aspects of life.On the one hand,people can read anywhere and anytime,since everyone carry a smart phone.They may make use of any spare time to read,such as when they are waiting for a bus,taking a subway or even having a snack.On the other hand,people are able to subscribe whatever columns they are interested in,and absorb as much information and knowledge as they want in their spare time.In short,reading through social networking websites bring great convenience and relaxation to people nowadays.However,we should not replace traditional reading with mobile reading,for traditional reading still plays a significant role in our life.【⾼频词】cafeteria n.⾃助餐厅；⾃助⾷堂penetrate v.（into）渗透到Subscribe v.订阅，订购（报刊等）column n.（报刊的）专栏，栏⽬听⼒短对话听⼒原⽂Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear8short conversations and2long conversations.At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be askedabout what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.1.W:I’m so frustrated with this new computer program.I just can’t figure it out.M:I know what you mean.It can be overwhelming,especially since the technology is always changing.By the time you learn one program,it’s outdated.Q:What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?2.W:Don’t you wish you were going away for the holiday?M:No,I’m happy to stay at home.It’s pretty irritating having to fight all that holiday traffic just to get out of the town for a couple of days. Q:What does the man mean?3.W:We’re new in East Asia,so we have to be careful in choosing the location for our regional office.M:Well,Tokyo and Singapore are both attractive,but the living expenses there are incredibly high.Q:What are the speakers discussing?4.W:Excuse me,did anybody see my cell phone after the last show?It may have slipped out of my pocket during the performance.M:In fact,we found several.Please go check at the ticket counter.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?5.W:Will you be able to complete the project on time?M:Well,I’m having my carpenters work full time,but some of the important building materials are being delayed at customs. Q:What do we learn from the conversation? 6.W:I wish I hadn’t hurt Jane’s feelings like that.You know I never meant to.M:One thing I like about Jane is she doesn’t harbour resentment.I guess she has forgotten all about it by tomorrow. Q:What does the man say about Jane?7.M:The next place I’ll show you is going for a great price.The owner's moving to a foreign country,so they have to sell it immediately.W:It’s beautiful.I like this small apartment attached to the back,we could rent it out to help with our mortgage payments.Q:What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?8.W:Did you read the Morning News?They did a story on our electioncampaign.M:Sure,I guess it’ll spark some interest among the womenin town.Without their votes we won’t be able to win the election.Q:What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?1.A)She is amazed at the fast change of technology.B)She is unable to use the new computer program.C)She is unaware her operation system is outdated.D)She is impatient to learn computer programming.正确答案：B本题解析：⼥⼠说她对这款新的电脑程序感到很沮丧，弄不明⽩。
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)
2015 年12 月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（第1 套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading.You arerequired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答。
Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Part ⅢSection AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health，many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report says, is particularly 36 to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be 37 .The official policy，however，is still evolving. Health and environmental 38 have long urged U.S. government agencies to 39 (the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example，the Environmental Protection Agency 40 the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in hornet and child-care 41 , after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now 42 the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report.But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children’s brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, it’s tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid 43 evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Eventhe Harvard study did not prove a direct 44 but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues,Nonetheless, it’s smart to 45 caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can’t hurt.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2015年12月份大学英语六级真题及答案完整版
【作（一pictu adva than 【范mee draw infor seem high part whic wron Inter fund tech need 【范（描seem 作文】一）Direction ure below. Y anced inform n 200 words.范文一】As is graphi eting room e wing is that t rmation tech ms, it disclos hly modernize A multitude ially due to t ch provides ng. On the o rnet is far f damentally.From my p hnology to se d.范文二】描述图画）Th ms to begoin:Forthis par You should fo mation techn cally reveale equipped wit the man in t hnology, whi es a serious ed society.e of reasons he fact that t a booming a ther hand, it from perfect perspective, arching for s his is a simpl ng on, withs rt, you are al ocus on the nology . You a d in the cartth advanced the center, w le useful inf problem tha can accoun the modern t amount of in is also beca t, making it it is high ti omething helebutthoug everal staff m llowed 30 mi difficulty in are required toon, a few e devices. Ho who seems li formation is at it is rather nt for the ph technology h nformation an use the restr difficult to me that we elpful. Only in ght ‐provoking memberssitt inutes to wri acquiring u to write at l employees ar owever, the ke a manage badly neede r hard to obt henomenon. as been deve nd it is diffic riction about get rid of e transferred n this way can g drawing. As ing aroundate a short es seful inform least 150 wo re holding a c most strikin er, says that ed. Simple a ain helpful in On the one eloping at an cult to tell th spreading in the problem d our focus n we acquire s we can see table and a ssay based on mation in spit ords but no m conference in ng feature of they have lo as the illustr nformation in e hand, it ca incredible sp he right from nformation on m effectively from develo e what we lite e in it, a me laptop in fro n the te of moren the f the ots of ation n the n be peed, m the n theand oping erally eting ont ofeach of them. A leader‐like man stands there, complaining: “We have lots of information technology. We just don’t have much useful information.”（点明寓意）Simple as the picture is, the message it conveys is profound. Evidently it is meant to reveal the fact that there is too much junk information online. （举例论证）Taking a look around, we can also find examples too many to enumerate. The best illustration that I can recall here and now is the fact that whenever you search for the cure for a disease or a scenic spot to visit, you are flooded by advertisements, many of which are even cheating. （分析影响）Actually, the problem has become so widespread that it has severely affected people’s life and hindered the development of society.（提出建议）Of course, we should not give up eating for fear of being choked. Admittedly, information technology has greatly facilitated our life and work. The best policy, as I see it, is to maximize its advantages and eliminate its unhealthy influence. For one thing, it is imperative that pertinent laws and regulations be worked out and rigidly enforced to punish those spreading cheating ads online. For another, the searching engine websites should make a point of reducing junk information. Only with these measures taken can we expect the solution of the problem. 【范文三】As is vividly shown above, some people are talking in an office, but from their look, we can tell they seem to face some difficulties, one of whom says they have lots of information technology, but they just don’t have much useful information. By carefully examining this picture, we find a deeper message that even though the technology is quite advanced, we still face a problem that we still cannot find the information useful to us.Nowadays, it should come as no surprise to learn that we live in a world flooded with too much information due to the advancement of information technology, and when we try to find the material that we need, it may take some time or we even can’t obtain it. Apparently enough, it is of vital significance for people to comprehend the difficulties brought forth by the technology. Let us take computers as an example. When we look for something online, a large quantity of irrelevant and useless information shows up at the same time, which not only distracts our attention but also causes a waste of time. What’s more, those useless information may slow down our work efficiency.From what has been discussed above, we could safely come to the conclusion that due attention should be paid to this phenomenon. It is essential that laws and regulations should be worked out and enforced to ban unqualified and useless information. Only in this way can technology can serve people better and improve people’s work and life efficiency.（二）Direction：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the harm caused by misleading information online. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【范door that with prob socie aspe corp neve espe regu our c 【范brou imm tran take equa a fak and 范文一】The cartoonr, makes a cu the husband h so much m blem that it i ety.Harmful are ects. For one poration's stra er be ignore ecially adoles From my pe ulations to be country bene 范文二】Though it isught to us is measurable h smitted mad e effect in the First and fo ally well learn ke medicine turn to then,vividand e p of coffee fo d, working in misleading inf s rather hard e the impact e thing, by n ategy of dev ed. For anot scents, to tell erspective, it etter the envi efit a lot from s quiet safe s undeniable arm to all t ly online. The e following ind oremost, thou nt can possib is widely beli ineffective cuxplicit,unfoldor her husban front of a co formation. Si d to obtain us ts of the phe no means ca elopment tha her, this kin the right fromt is high time ironment of t m the develop to assert th , the messag he people a ey don’t do a direct ways.ugh the well blynotdothe ieve, the pat ure. Obviousl ds a sense to nd. However,mputer, says imple as the seful and he enomenon a an we deny an the misle nd of cheat m the wrong e that the a the virtual w pment of high he benefit m ges andrepoattheepoch any harm in a l ‐educated co e same and m ients would p ly, some of t o us, in which , the most str that he feels e illustration lpful informa and I would that nothing ading inform also makes . uthorities co orld. Only in htechnology.moderntechn orts unprove h of informat ny direct way ould easily t make wrong d probably give hem could lo h a woman, w riking feature s unfortunate seems, it dition in the h like to explo g poses a gre mation, the ha it impossible oncerned est this way cannologies and ed and unrel tion, especia ys, the damag ell truth from decisions. Wh e up their con ose their life.who stands b e of the draw e to live in a w iscloses a se highly modern ore the follo eater threat arm of which e for individ tablished rele n both people mass media liable has ca ally those ru ges could act m lies, those hen the mirac nvinced reme . Moreover, sy the ing is world rious nized owingto ah canduals,evante and a has aused morstuallye not cle of edies somepeople will not be affected by the rumor itself, but they may give up their ability of logical thinking. Then, they begin to believe and do what they are told to, rather than what they thought is correct.To tackle the power of misleading information, people cannot rely on anybody else but themselves. To think twice before believing is the best way.（三）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.“I love reading. I read about 3 hours a day. My favorite book is Facebook.”*Facebook is the name of a social networking website.此文预计会引发巨大争议，有人会认为FB和朋友圈这类东西完全不是正真意义的“阅读”，但是也有认为，这才是当今时代有特色的阅读，其实，能说明白就好，观点没有正误。
2015年12月英语六级考试真题(卷一完整版)(图文版)(3)
2015年12月英语六级考试真题(卷一完整版)（图文版）(3)听写题Extinction is a difficult concept to grasp. It is an eternal concept. Itis not at all like the killing of individual life forms that can be renewedthrough normal processes of reproduction. Nor is simply diminishing numbers.Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute canbe found. Nor is it something that only affects our own generation. Nor is it somethingthat could be remedied by some supernatural power. It is, rather, an absoluteand final act which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species onceextinct, it s gone forever. However many generations succeed us in comingcenturies, none ofthem will ever see this species that we extinguish. Not onlyus we bring about extinction of life on a vast scale. We are also making theland and the air and sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.As regard natural resources ,not only are the none renewable resources beingused up in a of frenzy of processing, consuming and disposing but we are alsoruining much of our renewable resources. Such as the very solid self on which terrestriallife depends. The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds isone of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs. Perhaps thegreatest, since we are talking about is not simply another historical change orcultural modification. But it change the geological and biological as well as psychologicalorder of magnitude.【】Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short eaasy based on the picture below. You shouldfocus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.。
2015年12月英语六级考试真题及详细答案(第一套).docx
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picturebelow. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading.You arereauired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Part IIListening Comprehension(30 minutes)听力音频地址：/englishlistening/CET6/zhenti/2016-05-28/427638.htmlSection ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and. D., and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the eorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A. The restaurant offers some specials each day.B. The restaurant is known for its food varieties.C. The dressing makes the mixed salad very inviting.D. The woman should mix the ingredients thoroughly.2. A. He took over the firm from Mary.C. He failed to foresee major problems.B. He is running a successful business.D. He is opening a new consulting firm.3. A. Someone should be put in charge of office supplies.B. The man can leave the discs in the office cabinet.C. The man may find the supplies in the cabinet.D. The printer in the office has run out of paper.4.A. He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly.B. The woman can use his glasses to read.C. He has the dictionary the woman wants.D. The dictionary is not of much help to him.5.A. Redecorating her office.B. Majoring in interior design.C. Seeking professional advice.D. Adding some office furniture.6.A. Problems in port management.B. Improvement of port facilities.C. Delayed shipment of goods.D. Shortage of container ships.7.A. Their boss.B. A colleague.C. Their workload.D. A coffee machine.8.A. Call the hotel manager for help.B. Postpone the event until a later date.C. Hold the banquet at a different place.D. Get an expert to correct the error.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A. He shares some of the household duties.B. He often goes back home late for dinner.C. He cooks dinner for the family occasionally.D. He dines out from time to time with friends.10.A. To take him to dinner.B. To talk about a budget plan.C. To discuss an urgent problem.D. To pass on an important message.11. A. Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy.B. Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India.C. There are wild fluctuations in the international money market.D. There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. They have unrealistic expectations about the other half.B. They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship.C. They form a more realistic picture of life.D. They try to adapt to their changing roles.13. A. He is lucky to have visited many exotic places.B. He is able to forget all the troubles in his life.C. He is able to meet many interesting people.D. He is lucky to be able to do what he loves.14.A. It is stressful.B. It is full of tim.C. It is all glamour.D. It is challenging15. A. Bothered.B. Amazed.C. Puzzled.D. Excited.Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B.,C. and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. Maintain the traditional organizational culture.B. Learn new ways of relating and working together.C. Follow closely the fast development of technology.D. Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization.17. A. How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve.B. How the team is built to keep improving its performance.C. What type of personnel the team should be composed of.D. What qualifications team members should be equipped with.18. A. A team manager must set very clear and high objectives.B. Teams must consist of members from different cultures.C. Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.D. A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois.B. It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text.C. It started off as a successful program but was unable to last long.D. It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web.20. A. He visited a number of famous computer scientists.B. He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark.C. He sold a program developed by his friends.D. He invested in a leading computer business.21.A. They had confidence in his new ideas.B. They trusted his computer expertise.C. They were very keen on new technology.D. They believed in his business connections.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A. Prestige advertising.B. Institutional advertising.C. Wordofmouth advertising.D. Distributing free trial products.23.A. To sell a particular product.B. To build up their reputation.C. To promote a specific service.D. To attract high-end consumers.24. A. By using the services of large advertising agencies.B. By hiring their own professional advertising staff.C. By buying media space in leading newspapers.D. By creating their own ads and commericais.25.A. Decide on what specific means of communication to employ.B. Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs.C. Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.D. Pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When the passage is read for thofirst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When tho passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in tho blanks with the exact words you have justhoard. Finally, when tho passage is read for the third time, you should chock what youhave written.Extinction is difficult concept to grasp. It is an26concept. It's not at all like the killing ofindividual lifeforms that can be renewedthrough normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply27numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can beound. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could beremedied by some supernatural power. It is rather an28and final act for which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations29us incoming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish.Not only are we bringing about the extinction of life30, we are also making the land and theair and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.31basic naturalresources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being32in a frenzy ( 疯狂) of processing,consuming, and33, but we are also mining much of our renewable resources, such as the verysoil itself on which terrestrial (地球上的) life depends.The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever totake place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply anotherhistorical change or cultural34, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychologicalorder of35Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thopassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark tho corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through tho centre. You may not use any of tho words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. It seems to be a law in thetechnology industry that leading companies eventually lose theirpositions, often quickly and brutally.Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggesttechnology success stories, was no36, losing its market share in just a few years.In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales37But consumers' preferences were already38toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction of Apple'siPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share39rapidly and revenue plunged. By theend of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft. What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO,which he40in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's marketvalue declined by $ 23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history. But Elop was not the only person at41Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossiblefor the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most42, Jorma Ollila, who had ledNokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by thecompany's43success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness. The company also embarked on a44cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of which hadmotivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia'ssense of vision and directions with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design andprogramming talent left as well.A)assumed I) previousB. bias J) relayedC. desperateK) shiftingD. deteriorationL) shrankE) exceptionM) subtleF) faultN) transmittingG) incidentallyO) worldwideH) notablySection BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by .marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. First-Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and Behind Kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education come on campus withlittle academic know—how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.[ A] When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first—generation student and Jamaican immigrant,he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education. Like many first—generationstudents, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were alsoattending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs.Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose tolive at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking afull class schedule.[ B] What Nijay didn't realize about his school—Tennessee State University—was its frighteningly lowgraduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students. At the end of his first year,Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $ 5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making itimpossible for him to continue paying for school.[ C ]Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first—generation college students whoenter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped tograduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typicallycarry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attendingschool, and often require significant academic remediation (补习).[ D ] Matt Rubinoff directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to thisspecific population of students. He hopes to distribute this information and help prospectivecollege-goers fmd the best post-secondary fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a goodnumber of four—year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resourcesand programs for them, he says that number isn't high enough.[ E ] "It's not only the selective and elite institutions that provide those opportunities for a small subsetof this population," Rubinoff said, adding that a majority of first-generation undergraduates tendtoward options such as online programs, two—year colleges, and commuter state schools."Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think biggerand broader. "[ F] Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions--and two-year schools inparticular. As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options yearafter year. Instead of skipping out on higher education altogether, they chose community collegesor state schools with low bars for admittance.[ G]"They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,"said Dave Jarrat, a marketingexecutive for Inside Track, a for—profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income studentsand supporting colleges in order to help students thrive. "The reality of it is that a lot of low-incomekids could be going to elite tufiversities on a full ride scholarship and don't even realize it. "[ H] "Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience ofsuccessfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and theircollege worthiness," Jarrat continued. That helps explain why, as I'm First's Rubinoff indicated,the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorestmatches for them. The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma. Aflagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first—generationstudents, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, TheUniversity of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State's overallgraduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smallergap between the outcomes forfirst—generat.ion students and those of their peers.[I] Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Many large institutionskeep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult to find The University ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its first—generation pupils is "much lower" than the percentage of all students who graduate within fouryears (81 percent). [J] It is actually quite difficult to fred reliable statistics on the issue for many schools.Highereducation institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduation rates, but thesereports typically only include Pell recipient numbers —not necessarily rates specific to fLrst—generation students. Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating itcan be for prospecitive students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to navigatethis kind of information and then identify which schools are the best fit.[ K] It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I'm First in 2013, originally as an annof its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity."If we can help to directstudents to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realisticand accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get inand enroll, we are going to raise the success rate," Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools.[ L] Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I'm First, was a first —generation college student at Howard. Like other student new to the intimidating higher—education world, she often struggled on her path to college, "There wasn't really a college—bound cnlture at my high school," she said. "I wanted to go to college but I didn't really know the process. " Jones became involved with a college —access program through Princeton University in high school. Now, she attributes much of her understanding of college to that: "But once I got to campus, it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for. "[ M] She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well—regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first—generation students, including matching kids with counselors, comecting first— generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students onHoward's campus. Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who areable to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aidpackages and remarkably high graduation rates for first—generation students.(Harvard, for example, boasts a six—year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent. )[ N]Christian Vazquez, a first—generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story settinghim far apart from students such as Nijay. "There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after awhile, there is too much support," he said, half—joking about the countless resources available atthe school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors ( trained seniors on campus) ;they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联系) groups, tutoring centers and also have a summer orientation specifically for first—generation students ( the latter beingone of the mostcommon programs for students).[ O]"Our support structure was more like : ' You are going to get through Yale; you are going to dowell,' " he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professors who all provided significantsupport for students who lacked confidence about "belonging" at such a top institution.46. Many first—generation college—goers have doubts about their abilities to geta college degree.47. First—generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.48. The graduation rate of first—generation students at Nijay's university was incredibly low.49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first—generation students with more support than they actually need.50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-generation students.52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don't know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first—generation students' serf—confidence.54. I'm First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.55. Elite universities tend to graduate fn'st-generation students at a higher rate. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. andD . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influentialmedical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectivenessof treatments, as they make decisions about patient care.The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it,suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively aboutindividual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drugover another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life, forexample—is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisionsbased on cost is a form of rationing. Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones areexpected to makedoctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, eventhough there's no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurancecomoanies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies. Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and fmancial Overseers."There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn'tbe functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He saiddoctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I'm not going to do what I think is bestfor you because I think it's bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts. " Doctors can face some grim trade —offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are aboutequally effective in treating macular degeneration, and eye disease. But one costs $ 50 a dose and theother close to $ 2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used thecheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye. and using itrather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Shoulddoctors consider Medicare's budget in deciding what to use?"I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and nottrying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr. Donald Jensen. Still, some analysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not manyothers are doing so. "In some ways," said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue. "56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?A. Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.B. Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.C. Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.D. Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?A. Specific medicines to be used.B. Effects of medical treatment.C. Professional advancement.D. Patients' trust.58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?A. The redefining of doctors' roles.B. Overuse of less effective medicines.C. Conflicts between doctors and patients.D. The prolonging of patients' suffering.59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?A. They may be involved in a conflict of interest.B. They may be forced to divide their attention.C. They may have to use less effective drugs.D. They may lose the respect of patients.60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?A. It may add to doctors' already heavy workloads.B. It will help to save money for society as a whole.C. It results from society's failure to tackle the problem.D. It raises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Economic inequality is the "defining challenge of our time," President Barack Obama declared in aspeech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merelybecause it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequalityitself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. "Increasedinequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream," he said. Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality Public Enemy No. 1 and thegreatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also arguedthat it's harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs (横档 ) in that ladderhave grown farther apart.For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new damset from the Equality of OpportunityProject at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastlyexaggerating the dangers of the rich—poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor ofeconomic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data. So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economicladder as adtdts? what explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is oneof the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Cherty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density,the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, commtmity religiosity, and familystructure, which he calls the "single strongest correlate of upward mobility. " Chetty finds thatcommunities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much morelikely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial andeconomic segregation. Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of thesefactors. Based on my analyses of the data. of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the followingthree seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:1. Per-capita (人均) income growth2. Prevalence of single mothers ( where correlation is strong, but negative)3. Per-capita local government spending In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages oftwo-parent families, and high local government spending-which may stand for good schools-are themost likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story.61. How does Obama view economic inequality?A. It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.B. It is the greatest threat to social stability.。
2015年12月英语六级真题卷第一套(含答案)
2015年12月份真题（第一套）Part I WritingDirection: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short eaasy based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words."We have lots of information technology. We just don't have much useful information."PartⅢ Reading ComprehensionSection AAs it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of honor. Plus, we live in a culture that_____(37)to the late-nighter, from 24-hour grocery stores to online shopping sites that never close. It's no surprise, then, that more than half of American adults don't get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as_____(38)by sleep experts.Whether or not we can catch up on sleep-on the weekend, say-is ahotly_____(39)topic among sleep researches. The latest evidence suggests that while it isn't_____(40), it might help. When Liu, the UCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine, brought_____(41)sleep-restricted people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night, they showed_____(42)in the ability of insulin(胰岛素)to process blood sugar. That suggests that catchup sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep_____(43)causes, which is encouraging given how many adults don't get the hours they need each night. Still, Liu isn't_____(44)to endorse the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later.Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not_____(45)an effective remedy either. “A sleeping pill will_____(46)one area of the brain, but there's never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because you couldn't really replicates(复制)the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of the brain to go through the different stages of sleep," says Dr.Nancy Collop, director of the Emory University Sleep Center.A.alternativelyB.catersC.chronicallyD.debatedE.deprivationF.idealG.improvementsH.necessarilyI.negotiated J.pierce K.presumption L.readyM.recommended N.surpasses O.targetSection BClimate change may be real, but it's still not easy being green.[A]The road to climate hell is paved with our good intentions. Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions. But the most pervasive problem is less obvious: our own behavior. We get distracted before we can turn down the heating. We break our promise not to fly after hearing about a neighbour's trip to India. Ultimately, we can't be bothered to change our attitude. Fortunately for the planet, social science and behavioural economics may be able to do that for us.[B]Despite mournful polar bears and charts showing carbon emissions soaring, most people find it hard to believe that global warming will affect them personally. Recent polls by the Pew Research Centre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 per cent of participants regarded climate change as an important issue. But respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities.[C]This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness. "When we can't actually remove the source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defence mechanisms," says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the environmental organization Word Wide Fund for Nature.[D]Part of the fault lies with our inner caveman. Evolution has programmed humans to pay most attention to issues that will have an immediate impact. "We worry most about now because if we don't survive for the next minute, we're not going to be around in ten years' time," says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre for Research on Environmental Decision at Columbia University in New York. If the Thames for Research on Environmental Decision at Columbia University in New York. If the Thams were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners wound face up to the problem of emissions pretty quickly. But in practice, our brain discounts the risks-andbenefits-associated with issues that lie some way ahead.[E]Matthew Rushworth, of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford, sees this in his lab every day. "One of the ways in which all agents seem to make decisions is that they assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are going to be further away in the future," he says. "This is a very sensible way for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful for humans for thousands of years."[F] Not any longer. By the time we wake up to the threat posed by climate changes, it could well be too late. And it we're not going to make rational decisions about the future, others may have to help us to do so.[G] Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health. Wealth and Happiness, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. They argue that governments should persuade us into making better decisions-such as saving more in our pension plans-by changing the default options. Professor Weber believes that environmental policy can make use of similar tactics. If, for example, building codes included green construction guidelines, most developers would too lazy to challenge them.[H] Defaults are certainly part of the solution. But social scientists are most concerned about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality(心态). "We need to understand what motivates people, what it is that allows them to make change." says Professor Neil Adger, of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in Norwich. "It is actually about what their peers think of them, what their social norms are, what is seen as desirable in society." In other words, our inner caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to see what the rest of the tribe are up to.[I] The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by continuing us in-and measuring us against-our peer group. "Social norms are primitive and elemental," says Dr.Robert Cialdini, author of Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion. "Birds flock together, fish school together, cattle herd together…… just perceiving norms is enough to cause people to adjust their behavior in the direction of the crowd."[J] These norms can take us beyond good intensions. Caldini conducted a study in San Diego in which coat hangers bearing messages about saving energy were hung on people's doors. Some of the messages mentioned the environment, some financial savings, others social responsibility. But it was the ones that mentioned the actions of neighbours that drove down power use.[K] Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare their energy use with the local average is enough to cause them to modify their behaviour. The Conservatives plan to adopt this strategy by making utility companies print the average local electricity and gas usage on people's bills.[L] Social science can also teach politicians how to avoid our collective capacity for self-destructive behavior. Environmental campaigns that tell us how many people drive SUVs unwittingly(不经意地)imply that this behavior is widespread and thus permissible. Cialdini recommends some careful framing of the message. "Instead of normalizing the undesirable buys yet another SUV, it reduces our ability to be energy-independent."[M] Tapping into how we already see ourselves is crucial. The most successful environmental strategy will marry the green message to our own sense of identify. Take your average trade union member, chances are they will be politically motivated and be used to collective action-much like Erica Gregory. A retired member of the Public and Commercial Services Union, she is setting up one of 1,100 action groups with the support of Climate Solidarity, a two-year environmental campaign aimed at trade unionists.[N] Erica is proof that a great-grandmother can help to lead the revolution if you get the psychology right-in this case, by matching her enthusiasm for the environment with a fondness for organizing groups. "I think it's a terrific idea," she says of the campaign. "The union backing it makes members think there must be something in it." She is expecting up to 20 people at the first meeting she has called, at her local pub in the Cornish village of Polperro.[O] Nick Perks, project director for Climate Solidarity, believes this sort of activity is where the future of environmental action lies. "Using existing civil society structures or networks is a more effective way of creating change…… and obviously trade unions are one of the biggest civil society networks in the UK," he says. The "Love Food, Hate Waste" campaign entered into a collaboration last year with another such network-the Women's Institute. Londoner Rachel Taylor joined the campaign with the aim of making new friends. A year on, the meetings have made lasting changes to what she throws away in her kitchen. "It's always more of an incentive if you're doing it with other people," she says. "It motivates you more if you know that you've got to provide feedback to a group."[P]The power of such simple psychology in fighting climate change is attracting attention across the political establishment. In the US, the House of Representatives Science Committee has approved a bill allocating $10 million a year to studying energy-related behavior. In the UK, new studies are in development and social scientists are regularly spotted in British government offices. With the help of psychologists, there is fresh hope that we might go green after all.47. When people find they are powerless to change a situation, they tend to live with it.48. To be effective, environmental messages should be carefully framed.49. It is the government's responsibility to persuade people into making environment-friendly decisions.50. Politicians are beginning to realise the importance of enlisting psychologists' help in fighting climate change.51. To find effective solutions to climate change, it is necessary to understand what motivates people to make change.52. In their evolution, humans have learned to pay attention to the most urgent issues instead of long-term concerns.53. One study shows that our neighbours' actions are influential in changing our behavior.54. Despire clear signs of global warming, it is not easy for most people to believe climate change will effect their own lives.55. We should take our future into consideration in making decisions concerning climate change before it is too late.56. Existing social networks can be more effective in creating in people's behaviour. Section CPassage OneMore than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransfgord and Daniel Schwartz, both then at Vanderbilt University, found that knowledge to a new situation but a quality was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called "preparation for future learning." The researches asked fifth graders and college students to create a recovery plan to protect bald eagles from extinction. Shockingly, the two groups came up with plans of similar quality (through the college students had better spelling skills). From the standpoint of a traditional educator, this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystems and extinction, major scientific ideas.The researches decided to go deeper, however. They asked both groups to generate questions about important issues needed to create recovery plans. On this task, they found large differences. College students focused on critical issues of interdependence between eagles("How big are they" and "What do they eat"). Thecollege students had cultivated the ability to ask questions, the cornerstone of critical thinking. They had learned how to learn.Museums and other institutions of informal learning may be better suited to teach this skill than elementary and secondly schools. At the Exploratorium in San Francisco, we recently studied how learning to ask good questions can affect the quality of people's scientific inquiry We found that when we taught participants to ask "What if" and "How can" questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration, they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit-asking more questions, performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results. Specially, their questions became more comprehensive at the new exhibit. Rather than merely asking about something they wanted to try, they tended to include both cause and effect in their question. Asking juicy questions appears to be a transferable skill for deepening collaborative inquiry into the science content found in exhibits.This type of learning is not confined to museums of institutional settings. Informal learning environment tolerate failure better than schools. Perhaps many teachers have too little time to allow students to form and pursue their own questions and too much ground to cover in the curriculum. But people must acquire this skill somewhere. Our society depend on them being able to make critical decisions about their own medical treatment, says, or what we must do about global energy needs and demands. For that, we have a robust informal system that gives no grades, takes all comers, and is available even on holidays and weekends.57. What is traditional educators' interpretation of the search outcome mentioned in the first paragraphA.Students are not able to apply prior knowledge to new problemsB.College students are no better than fifth graders in memorizing issues.cation has not paid enough attention to major environmental issues.cated has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas.58. In what way are college students different from childrenA.They have learned to think criticallyB.They are concerned about social issuesC.They are curious about specific features.D.They have learned to work independently59. What is benefit of asking questions with no ready answersA.It arouse students' interest in things around them.B.It cultivates students' ability to make scientific inquiries.C.It trains students' ability to design scientific experiments.D.It helps students realize not every question has an answer。
[英语六级考试复习]2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案及详解(第1套)
![[英语六级考试复习]2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案及详解(第1套)](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/7170f448fad6195f312ba6de.png)
大学英语 六级考试 真题解析2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案及详解（第1套）PART I Writing思维导图社交网络与读书Social Networking Websites and Reading第一段描述图片：简单叙述图片内容，并指出图片寓意——社交网络对日常阅读的影响(social network has exerted an important impact on our daily reading)。
第二段正、反论证：1.正方：社交网络提供大量阅读信息，激发阅读兴趣(provides large collections of information at a tremendous speed and stimulates their reading interest)；2.反方——大量时间花在社交网络上，没有时间阅读传统书籍(spend so much time reading on social networks, don't have adequate opportunities or time to read traditional books)。
第三段个人观点：有必要在网络上阅读，更有必要阅读传统书籍(it is necessary for us to read on social networking websites, but it is of greater necessity for us to read traditional books)。
范文点评〇高分范文Social Networking Websites and Reading① As we can see from the picture, two persons are discussing about reading. While to our amusement, the boy says his favorite book is Facebook. ②The picture seems to be humorous and ridiculous but thought-provoking on second thoughts, which intends to inform us that the social network has exerted an important impact on our daily reading.③ Opinions vary when it comes to the impact of social networking websites on reading. ④Some people insist that social network provides large collections of information at a tremendous speed and stimulates their reading interest. ⑤On the contrary, other people claim that it is a common phenomenon that a host of youngsters spend so much time reading on social networks that they don't have adequate opportunities or time to read traditional books.⑥There is a saying goes like this, "Every coin has its two sides". ⑦ So there is no surprise that there are different opinions about the impact of social networking websites on reading. ⑧However, as a college student, I am convinced that it is necessary for us to read on social networking websites, but it is of greater necessity for us to read traditional books, because social networks are just our tools and never can we depend on it in everything.〇精彩点评①描述图片：男孩说自己最喜欢的书是Facebook。
2015年12月大学英语六级真题试卷(一)(题后含答案及解析)
2015年12月大学英语六级真题试卷（一）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. 4. Reading Comprehension 5. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.正确答案：Social Networking Websites and Reading As we can see from the picture, two persons are discussing about reading. While to our amusement, the boy says his favorite book is Facebook. The picture seems to be humorous and ridiculous but thought-provoking on second thoughts, which intends to inform us that the social network has exerted an important impact on our daily reading. Opinions vary when it comes to the impact of social networking websites on reading. Some people insist that social network provides large collections of information at a tremendous speed and stimulates their reading interest. On the contrary, other people claim that it is a common phenomenon that a host of youngsters spend so much time reading on social networks that they don’t have adequate opportunities or time to read traditional books. There is a saying goes like this, “Every coin has its two sides”. So there is no surprise that there are different opinions about the impact of social networking websites on reading. However, as a college student, I am convinced that it is necessary for us to read on social networking websites, but it is of greater necessity for us to read traditional books, because social networks are just our tools and never can we depend on it in everything.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A听力原文：W: Wow, what a variety of salads you’ve got on your menu! Could you recommend something special? M: Well, I think you can try this mixed salad. We make the dressing with fresh berries. Q: What does the man mean?2．A．The restaurant offers some specials each day.B．The restaurant is known for its food varieties.C．The dressing makes the mixed salad very inviting.D．The woman should mix the ingredients thoroughly.正确答案：C解析：女士发现这家饭店的沙拉多种多样，请男士给她推荐点特别的，男士向她推荐了混拌沙拉，因为这道菜的调料是用浆果制作而成。
2015年12月CET-6真题(第1套)答案
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)该题要求我们围绕“社交网络对阅读的影响”展开写作。
简单描述图片之后，我们应该重点论述社交网络对阅读所产生的正、反两方面的影响。
联系实际可知．其积极影响是激发阅读兴趣，消极影响则是让我们失去了传统的阅读习惯。
文章最后需要给出自己的观点。
建议考生针对此话题采取二三段式写作方法：一、描述图片：描述图片并指出图片寓意—社交网络对日常阅读的影响(Social network has exerted all important impact Oil our daily reading)二、正、反面论证1．正面影响：社交网络提供大量阅读信息，激发阅读兴趣(pro、4des large coUecfions of information at a tremendous speed and stimulates their reading interest)2．反面影响：大量时间花在社交网络上，没有时间阅读传统书籍(spend SO much time reading on social networks，don’t have adequate opportumfies or time to readtraditional books)三、个人观点：有必要在网络上阅读，更有必要阅读传统书籍(it is necessary for US to read on social networking websites，but it is of greater necessity for US to read traditional books)主题词汇indispensable必不可少的print copies印刷书be addicted t0…沉溺于……transform改变reading approach阅读方式electronic book(E．book)电子书replace取代shorten缩短give a cold shoulder忽视side effects副作用make best use of the advantages and bypassthe disadvantages扬长避短句式拓展1．If one intends to acquire and enjoy lon9—time pleasure ofreadin9，it is not advisable for him．t0…如果一个人想要得到并且享受长久的阅读乐趣，那就不建}义他……2．With the click of the monse，any stories or informationthat l want to read at any given tillle or place．is there．不管何时何地，只要点一下鼠标，我想要读的故事和信息都会在那儿(网上)。
2015年12月英语六级听力真题卷1
2015 年 12 月英语六级听力真题及答案（第一套） Section A Directions : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and. D., and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the eorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1. A. The restaurant offers some specials each day. B. The restaurant is known for its food varieties. C. The dressing makes the mixed salad very inviting. D. The woman should mix the ingredients thoroughly. 2. A. He took over the firm from Mary.C. He failed to foresee major problems. B. He is running a successful business.D. He is opening a new consulting firm. 3. A. Someone should be put in charge of office supplies. B. The man can leave the discs in the office cabinet. C. The man may find the supplies in the cabinet. D. The printer in the office has run out of paper. 4.A. He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly. B. The woman can use his glasses to read. C. He has the dictionary the woman wants. D. The dictionary is not of much help to him. 5.A. Redecorating her office. B. Majoring in interior design. C. Seeking professional advice. D. Adding some office furniture. 6.A. Problems in port management. B. Improvement of port facilities. C. Delayed shipment of goods. D. Shortage of container ships. 7.A. Their boss.B. A colleague. C. Their workload. D. A coffee machine. 8.A. Call the hotel manager for help. B. Postpone the event until a later date. C. Hold the banquet at a different place. D. Get an expert to correct the error. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9.A. He shares some of the household duties. B. He often goes back home late for dinner. C. He cooks dinner for the family occasionally. D. He dines out from time to time with friends. 10.A. To take him to dinner. B. To talk about a budget plan. C. To discuss an urgent problem. D. To pass on an important message. 11. A. Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy. B. Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India. C. There are wild fluctuations in the international money market. D. There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A. They have unrealistic expectations about the other half. B. They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship. C. They form a more realistic picture of life. D. They try to adapt to their changing roles. 13. A. He is lucky to have visited many exotic places. B. He is able to forget all the troubles in his life. C. He is able to meet many interesting people. D. He is lucky to be able to do what he loves. 14.A. It is stressful. B. It is full of tim. C. It is all glamour. D. It is challenging 15. A. Bothered. B. Amazed.C. Puzzled. D. Excited. Section B Directions : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B.,C. and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A. Maintain the traditional organizational culture. B. Learn new ways of relating and working together. C. Follow closely the fast development of technology. D. Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization. 17. A. How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve. B. How the team is built to keep improving its performance. C. What type of personnel the team should be composed of. D. What qualifications team members should be equipped with. 18. A. A team manager must set very clear and high objectives. B. Teams must consist of members from different cultures. C. Team members should be knowledgeable and creative. D. A team manager should develop a certain set of skills. Passage Two Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A. It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois. B. It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text. C. It started off as a successful program but was unable to last long. D. It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web. 20. A. He visited a number of famous computer scientists. B. He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark. C. He sold a program developed by his friends. D. He invested in a leading computer business. 21.A. They had confidence in his new ideas.B. They trusted his computer expertise. C. They were very keen on new technology. D. They believed in his business connections. Passage Three Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22.A. Prestige advertising. B. Institutional advertising. C. Word of mouth advertising. D. Distributing free trial products. 23.A. To sell a particular product. B. To build up their reputation. C. To promote a specific service. D. To attract high-end consumers. 24. A. By using the services of large advertising agencies. B. By hiring their own professional advertising staff. C. By buying media space in leading newspapers. D. By creating their own ads and commericais. 25. A. Decide on what specific means of communication to employ. B. Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs. C. Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail. D. Pretest alternative ads or commercials in certain regions. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When the passage is read for thofirst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When tho passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in tho blanks with the exact words you have just hoard. Finally, when tho passage is read for the third time, you should chock what you have written. Extinction is difficult concept to grasp. It is an（26）concept. It's not at all like the killing of individual lifeforms that can be renewedthrough normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply（27） numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be ound. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedied by some supernatural power. It is rather an（28）and final act for which thereis no remedyon earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is goneforever. However many generations（29)us in coming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish. Not only are we bringing about the extinction of life（30）, we are also making the land and the air and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.（31）basic natural resources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being（32）in a frenzy ( 疯狂) of processing,consuming, and （33）, but we are also mining much of our renewable resources, such as the very soil itself on which terrestrial (地球上的) life depends. The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural（34）, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychological order of（35)。
2015年12月大学英语六级写作真题及答案（一套）
12月大学英语六级写作真题及答案一套2015年12月大学英语六级写作真题及答案（一套）Direction：For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus onthe harm caused by misleading information online. You are required to write atleast 150 words but no more than 200 words.(描述图画)This is a simple but thought-provoking drawing. As we can see in it, a meeting seems to be going on, with several staff members sitting around a table and a laptop in front of each of them. A leader-like man stands there, complaining: “We have lots of information technology. We just don’t have much useful information.”(点明寓意)Simple as the picture is, the message it conveys is profound. Evidently it is meant to reveal the fact that there is too much junk information online. (举例论证)Taking a look around, we can also find examples too many to enumerate. The best illustration that I can recall here and now is the fact that whenever you search for the cure for a disease or a scenic spot to visit, you are flooded by advertisements, many of which are even cheating. (分析影响)Actually, the problem has become so widespread that it has severely affectedpeople’slife and hindered the development of society.(提出建议)Of course, we should not give up eating for fear of being choked. Admittedly,information technology has greatly facilitated our life and work. The best policy, as I see it, is to maximize its advantages and eliminate its unhealthyinfluence.For one thing, it is imperative that pertinent laws and regulations be worked out and rigidly enforced topunish those spreading cheating ads online. For another, the searching engine websites should make a point of reducing junk information. Only with these measures taken can we expect the solution of the problem.。
2015年12月英语六级真题及答案三套完整版
2015年12月英语六级真题及答案三套完整版2015 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题(一)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.My favorite book is Facebook *.”Facebook is the name of a social networkingwebsite. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析(一)
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(一)2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(一) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.My favorite book is Facebook *.”Facebook is the name of a social networking website.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections： In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2015年12月英语六级考试真题(卷一完整版)(图文版)
2015年12月英语六级考试真题(卷一完整版)（图文版）考试采取多题多卷模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。
短对话1.W: Wow, what a variety of salads you ve got on your menu, could yourecommend something special?M: Well, I think you can try this mixed salad. We make the dressingwith fresh berries.Q: what does the man mean?2.W: I was talking to Mary the other day, and she mentioned that your newconsulting firm is doing really well.M: Yes, business paced up much faster than we anticipated. We now haveover 200 clients.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?3.W: Do you know where we keep flash disks and printing paper?M: They should be in the cabinet if there are any. That s where we keepall of our office supplies.Q: what does the woman mean?4.W: The printing of this dictionary is so small. I can t read theexplanations at all.M: Let me get my magnify glass. I know I just can t dowithout it.Q: What does the man mean?5.W: I m considering having my office redecorated, the furniture is oldand the paint is chipping.M: I ll give you my sister-in-law s number. She just graduated from aninterior designing academy, and will give a free estimate.Q: What is the woman considering?6.W: We have a full load of goods that needs to be delivered. But wecan t get a container ship anyway.M: That s always being a problem in this port. The facilities here arenever able to meet our needs.Q: What are the speakers talking about?7.W: Why didn t Rod get a pay raise?M: The boss just isn t convinced that his work attitudewarranted it.She said she saw him by the coffee machine more often than at his desk.Q: What are the speakers talking about?8.W: The hotel called, saying that because of the scheduling there, theywon t be are able to cater for our banquet.M: I know an Indian restaurant on the high street that offers a specialdiner for groups. The food is excellent, and the room is large enough toaccommodate us.Q: What does the man suggest they do?长对话Conversation 1M: Hello Jane.W: Hello Paul.M: Please coming. I m just getting ready to go home. Susan is expectingme for dinner. I wanted to be on time for a change.W: Look, I m terribly sorry to drop in this time on Friday, Paul, butit is rather important.M: That s OK. What s the problem?W: Well, Paul, I won t keep you long. You see there is a problem withthe exchange rates. The Indian Rupee has taken a fall on the foreign exchangemarket. You see there is being a sharp increase in Indian s balance of paymentdeficit.M: I see. How serious, isn t it?W: Well, as you know, there have been reports of unrest India, and theprospects for the Rupee look pretty gloomy.M: And that s going to affect us, as if we didn t have enough problemson our hands.W: So I thought it would be wise to take out forward exchange cover toprotect our position on the outstandingcontract.M: Just a minute. Forward exchange cover, now what does that meanexactly?W: Well, it means that JO notes enters into a commitment to sell IndianRupees at the present rate.M: I see. And how will that benefit us?。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
试卷一作文As is graphicallyrevealed in the cartoon, a few employees are holdinga conference in themeeting room equipped with advanced devices. However, the moststriking feature of the drawing is that the man in the center, whoseems like a manager, says that they have lots of informationtechnology, while useful information is badly needed. Simple as theillustration seems, it discloses a serious problem that it israther hard to obtain helpful information in the highly modernizedsociety.A multitude of reasonscan account for the phenomenon. On the one hand, it can bepartially due to the fact that the modern technology has beendeveloping at an incredible speed, which provides a booming amountof information and it is difficult to tell the right from thewrong. On the other hand, it is also because the restriction aboutspreading information on the Internet is far from perfect, makingit difficult to get rid of the problem effectively andfundamentally.From my perspective,it is high time that we transferred our focus from developingtechnology to searching for something helpful. Only in this way canwe acquire what we literally need.听力原文及答案第一版：短对话答案1. B. The dressing makes themixed salad very inviting.2. B. He is opening a newconsulting firm.3. B. The man may find thesupplies in the cabinet.4. D. He has to use amagnifying glass to see clearly.5. C. Redecorating heroffice.6. A. Shortage of containerships.7. A. Acolleague.8. C. Hold the banquet at a differentplace.长对话答案ConversationOne9. D. He often goes backhome late for dinner.10. B. To discuss an urgentproblem.11. C. There is a sharpincrease in India's balance of payment deficit. ConversationTwo12. D. They have unrealisticexpectations about the other half.13. A. He is lucky to beable to do what he loves.14. B. It is allglamour.15. A.Amazed.短文答案Passage One16. B. Follow closely the fast development oftechnology.17. B. What type of personnel the team should becomposed of.18. D. A team manager should develop a certainset skills.Passage Two19. A. It is a program allowing people to shareinformation on the Web.20. B. He met with an entrepreneur named JimClark.21. B. They had confidence in his newideas.Passage Three22. A. Word-of-mouthadvertising.23. D. To build up theirreputation.24. D. By using the servicesof large advertising agencies.25. C. Pre-test alternative ads or commercialsin certain regions.短文听写答案26. eternal27. diminishing28. absolute29. succeed30. on a vast scale31. As regards32. used up33. disposing34. modification35. magnitude短对话1.W: Wow, what a variety of salads you’ve got on your menu, could yourecommend something special?M: Well, I think you can try this mixed salad. We make the dressingwith fresh berries.Q: what does the man mean?2.W: I was talking to Mary the other day, and she mentioned that your newconsulting firm is doing really well.M: Yes, business paced up much faster than we anticipated. We now haveover 200 clients.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?3.W: Do you know where we keep flash disks and printing paper?M: They should be in the cabinet if there are any. That’s where we keepall of our office supplies.Q: what does the woman mean?4.W: The printing of this dictionary is so small. I can’t read theexplanations at all. M: Let me get my magnify glass. I know I just can’t do without it.Q: What does the man mean?5.W: I’m considering having my office redecorated, the furniture is oldand the paint is chipping.M: I’ll give you my sister-in-law’s number. She just graduated from aninterior designing academy, and will give a free estimate.Q: What is the woman considering?6.W: We have a full load of goods that needs to be delivered. But wecan’t get a container ship anyway.M: That’s always being a problem in this port. The facilities here arenever able to meet our needs.Q: What are the speakers talking about?7.W: Why didn’t Rod get a pay raise?M: The boss just isn’t convinced that his work attitude warranted it.She said she saw him by the coffee machine more often than at his desk.Q: What are the speakers talking about?8.W: The hotel called, saying that because of the scheduling there, theywon’t be are able to cater for our banquet.M: I know an Indian restaurant on the high street that offers a specialdiner for groups. The food is excellent, and the room is large enough toaccommodate us. Q: What does the man suggest they do?长对话Conversation 1M: Hello Jane.W: Hello Paul.M: Please coming. I’m just getting ready to go home. Susan is expectingme for dinner. I wanted to be on time for a change.W: Look, I’m terribly sorry to drop in this time on Friday, Paul, butit is rather important.M: That’s OK. What’s the problem?W: Well, Paul, I won’t keep you long. You see there is a problem withthe exchange rates. The Indian Rupee has taken a fall on the foreign exchangemarket. You see there is being a sharp increase in Indian’s balance of paymentdeficit.M: I see. How serious, isn’t it?W: Well, as you know, there have been reports of unrest India, and theprospects for the Rupee look pretty gloomy.M: And that’s going to affect us, as if we didn’t have enough problemson our hands.W: So I thought it would be wise to take out forward exchange cover toprotect our position on the outstanding contract.M: Just a minute. Forward exchange cover, now what does that meanexactly?W: Well, it means that JO notes enters into a commitment to sell IndianRupees at the present rate.M: I see. And how will that benefit us?W: Well, JO notes wouldn’t lose out if Indian Rupee falls further.M: What will it cost, Jane?W: A small percentage, about 1% and that can be built into the price ofthe bike. M: Well, I don’t suppose there is much choice. All right Jane, let’sput it into action. Q9: What do we learn aboutthe man’s daily life?Q10: Why did the woman cometo see the man?Q11: What makes the womanworry about the Indian Rupee?Conversation 2W: Charles, among other things, you regarded as one of the America’sgreat masters of the blues. A musical idiom does essentially about loss,particularly the loss of romantic love. Why does love die?M: People often get into love affairs because they have unrealisticexpectations about somebody. Then when the person doesn’t turn out to be whothey thought he or she was, they start thinking maybe I can change him or her.That kind of thinking is a mistake. Because when the dust settles, people aregoing to be prettymuch what they are. It’s a rare thing for anybody to be ableto change who they really are. And this creates a lot of problems.W: At 62, you continue to spend a large percentage of your lifetouring. What appeals to you about life on the road?M: Music, I don’t especially love life on the road, but I figure if youare lucky enough to be able to do what you truly love doing, you’ve got theultimate of life.W: What’s the most widely-held misconception about the life of a famousmusician? M: People think it’s all glamour. Actually we have the same troublesthey do. Playing music doesn’t mean life treats you any better.W: How do you feel about being recognized everywhere you go?M: You think I be used to it by now. But I still find it fascinating.You go to a little town in Japan, where nobody speaks English, yet they knowyou on side and know all your music. I’m still amazed by the love peopleexpress for me and by music.Q12: What does the man sayabout most people when they get into love affairs?Q13: What does the man sayabout himself as a singer on the road most of his life? Q14: What do most peoplethink of the life of a famous musician?Q15: How does the man feelwhenever he was recognized by his fans?短文Passage 1Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach tomanagement. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels andbudgetcuts have all underscore the need for better coordination in organizations.Team management provides for this coordination. Team management calls for newskills if personnel potential is to be fullyrealized.Although a team may be composed ofknowledgeable people, they must learn new ways of relating and working togetherto solve cross-functional problems. When teams consist to be experiencedemployees from hierarchical organizations, who have been condition totraditional organizational culture. Cooperation may not occur naturally, itmainly to be created. Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team canfunction more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization,all society that it supposes it serves. A group of individuals is notautomatically a team. Therefore, team building may be necessary in order toimprove the group’s performance. Casey, an expert in this field, suggests thatthe cooperation process within teams must be organized, promoted and managed.He believes the team corporation results when members go beyond theirindividual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together,the team may then produce something new, unique and superior to that of any onemember. For this to happen, he suggests the multi-cultural managers exhibitunderstanding of their own and others’ cultural influences and limitations.They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity, persistenceand patience, as well as assertedness. If a team manager exemplifies suchqualities, then the team as a whole would be better able to realize theirpotential and achieve their objectives.Q 16: What should teammembers do to fully realize their potential?Q 17: What needs to beconsidered for effective team management?Q 18: What conclusion can wedraw from what Casey says?Passage 2In early 1994, when MarkAndreessen was just 23 years old, he arrived in Silicon Valley with an ideathat would change the world. As a student at the University of Illinois, he andhis friends had developed a program called Mosaic, which allowed people toshare information on the worldwide web. Before Mosaic, the web had been usedmainly by scientists and other technical people, who were happy just to sendand receive text. But with Mosaic, Andreessen and his friends had developed aprogram, which could send images over the web as well. Mosaic was an overnightsuccess. It was put on the university’s network at the beginning of 1993. Andby the end of the year, it had over a million users. Soon after, Andreessenwent to seek his fortune in Silicon Valley. Once he got there, he started tohave meetings with a man called Jim Clark, who was one of the Valley’s mostfamous entrepreneurs. In 1994, nobody was making any real money from theInternet, which was still very slow and hard to use.But Andreessen had seen an opportunity thatwould make him and Clark rich within two years. He suggested they should createa new computer program that would do the same job as Mosaic but would be mucheasier to use. Clark listened carefully to Andreessen, whose ideas andenthusiasm impressed him greatly. Eventually, Clark agreed to invest threemillion dollars of hisown money in the project, and to raise an extra fifteenmillion from venture capitalists, who were always keen to listen to Clark’s newideas.Q 19 What do we learn about Mosaic?Q 20 What did Andreessen do upon arriving in Silicon Valley?Q 21Why were venture capitalists willing to join in Clark’sinvestment?Passage 3Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits ofproducts and services and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best formof advertising is probably word of mouth advertising which occurs when peopletell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they havepurchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services relay on this alone,which using paid advertising instead. Indeed many organizations also use institutionalor prestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputation ratherthan to sell particular products. Although large companies could easily set up theirown advertising departments, write their own advertisements and by media space themselves.They tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likelyto have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising andadvertising media than single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfycompany to give its account to another agency. And it would be to fire theirown advertising staff. The company generally give the advertising agency andagreed budget. A statement of theobjective of the advertising campaign know asbrief and overall advertising strategy concerning the message to becommunicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisements anddevelops a media prime, specifying which media will be used and in which proportions.Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that pretested innewspapers, television stations etc. in different parts of the country. Beforea final choices was madeprior to anational campaign.Q22 What is probably the bestform of advertising according to the speaker?Q23 What does the speaker sayis the proposes of many organization using prestige advertising ?Q24 How did large companiesgenerally handle their advertising?Q25 What would advertisingagencies often do before a national campaign?听写题Extinction is a difficult concept to grasp. It is an eternal concept. Itis not at all like the killing of individual life forms that can be renewedthrough normal processes of reproduction. Nor is simply diminishing numbers.Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute canbe found. Nor is it something that only affects our own generation. Nor is it somethingthat could be remedied by some supernatural power. It is, rather, an absoluteand final act which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species onceextinct, it’s gone forever.However many generations succeed us in comingcenturies, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish. Not onlyus we bring about extinction of life on a vast scale. We are also making theland and the air and sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.As regard natural resources ,not only are the none renewable resources beingused up in a of frenzy of processing, consuming and disposing but we are alsoruining much of our renewable resources. Such as the very solid self on which terrestriallife depends. The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds isone of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs. Perhaps thegreatest, since we are talking about is not simply another historical change orcultural modification. But it change the geological and biological as well as psychologicalorder of magnitude.选词填空（一）36. B. caters37. M. recommended38. D. debated39. F. ideal40. C. chronically41. G. improvements42. E. deprivation43. L. ready44. H. necessarily45. O. target长篇阅读C 46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.I 47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.E48. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.K49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn’t succeed as expected.G 50. To change the light source is costly bec ause you have to change the whole fixture.A 51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.G 52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn’t lie in light sources but in their applications.J 53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.D 54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.B 55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.第一套仔细阅读1答案：Passage One56. A) It is free from racial biases.57. D) It is politically sensitive.58. A) Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.59. C) People’s conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.60. D) All ethnic groups share the nation’s continued progress.第一套仔细阅读2答案：Passage Two61. B) It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.62. A) The diluted college curriculum.63. D) They prioritize non-academic activities.64. D) They can climb the social ladder even without a degree.65. C) The current situation in American higher education may not last long.翻译（一）解析者：长沙新东方张巧临最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。