基于内容教学法的英语国家概况教学
英语国家概况 课程教学大纲 教案
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英语国家概况课程教学大纲教案英语国家概况课程教学大纲教案(2011.4学年第1学期)(一)课程教学目的和要求随着我国对外交往的日益频繁和涉外工作的需要,大学生不仅有必要学好英语语言能力,还应该对英语国家社会与文化基本情况进行大致了解,以便进一步搞好夸文化交流。
该课程主要介绍了英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和新西兰等地的社会与文化基本状况。
(二)课程教学重点和难点1、重点:了解掌握5 个说英语的国家人文、地理、气候特征,政府政治与经济制度,以及文化教育特点。
2、难点:地貌特征产生的原因,各政府政治执政的相同模式和不同点。
(三)教学方法讲解和讨论并用。
(四)课时安排:总课时:36课时,每堂课一个专题。
(五)考核方式 : 期末考试(六)参考教材王恩铭《英语国家概况》上海外语教育出版社 2008谢福之《英语国家概况》外语教学与研究出版社 20071教学日历(语1-4’c )周星时授授课内容课外作业、参考书目书课教材页序名、章节、起教学大纲的章节、题目、形号、题序号止页码内容,章节、起止页码次期数式22 Mon.Wedn.Fri. 2 讲 P2-8 Part One : Geographic features of课 UK3 Mon.Wedn.Fri. 2 讲 P12-41 Part Two: The people and history课 4 Mon.Wedn.Fri. 2 讲 P42-61 Part three: Government and politics课 5 Mon.Wedn.Fri 2 讲 P81-99 Part four: Religion and education 课 6 Mon.Wedn.Fri 2 讲 Part five: Geographic features of 课 P 114-123 USA 7 Mon.Wedn.Fri. 2 讲国庆休假、实习课 8 Mon.Wedn.Fri 2 讲课9 Mon.Wedn.Fri 2 讲课 10 Mon.Wedn.Fri 2 讲P 124-155 Part Six: History and American课 P145- 154 identity11 Mon.Wedn.Fri 2 讲P156-175, Part Seven: Political situation and课 178-187 social service 12 Mon.Wedn. Fri 2 讲P188- 205 Part eight: Legal system, education 课 and Religion in American life 13 Mon.Wedn.Fri 2 讲P 226-238Part Nine : The Land and people of 课Canada 14 Mon.Wedn.Fri 2 讲Part Ten: History and culture life 课 15 Mon.Wedn. Fri 2 讲P239,262,271 Part Eleven: The land and people of课 P284-305 Australia16 Mon.Wedn.Fri 2 讲 Part Twelve: Government, politics, 课 P317-338 culture life 17 Mon.Wedn.Fri 2 讲 Part thirteen: The land and the 课P340 people of New Zealand 18 Mon.Wedn.Fri 2 讲Part fourteen: History and political 课 P349-360system 19 Mon.Wedn.Fri 2 讲Review 课Lecture One Geography of U K Question for discussion:1) Where does Britain lie?2)What is its full name?33)What is the total land area of the United Kingdom?4)What is British Isles?5)How long does its coastline run?1. Geographic features and its total area.:Britain is situated in Western Europe and is separated from the European continent in the east by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel in the south. It is an insular(保守的)country. Its coastline runs 12,429 km, It is one of the countries with longest coastline. To thewest of it lies the Atlantic Ocean, across and beyond it is America. The Straits of Dover between France and England is quite narrow and itis 33 km across. In 1985 the British government and the French government decided to build a channel tunnel under the Straits of Dover so that England and France could be joined together by road. Thischannel tunnel was opened to traffic in May 1994 after eight years hard work.The Britain faces Scandinavia Peninsular (Norway, Sweden and Denmark) to the northeast and to the North lies Iceland To the south across the English Channel lies France and Belgium and to the east across North Sea lie Germany and Holland.The total area is about 244,820 square kilometers.It Is over 1,000 km. from south to north and it is about 500 km.from west to east.2. The names of UKIts full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, usuallyshortened , abbreviated to the United Kingdom or U.K.. It may also called Great Britain, Britain or informally England.England: 130.000skm, 60% of whole island.British Isles: Two large islands and several small onesBritain:The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Great Britain :England, Wales, ScotlandBritain is divided into highland area and lowland area.It has large mountain ranges : the Pennies :Bulk of Pennines(奔宁山脉) is moorland.The Cumbrian Mountain Range, the Grampian Mountains , the Cambrian Mountain Range and such important rivers as Thames River ,the Seven River, Mercy River, the Humber, the Clyde River and the Forth.Scotland has an area of 78,760 square kilometers in northern part.It is situated in the north of Great Britain with a good number of mountains and islands. There are 800 islands which contain Hebrides, Shetland and Orkney islands. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.Wales: Wales is in the west of Great Britain. It has an area of20,761 square kilometers and it take up less than 9% of the whole island. The capital of Wales is Cardiff. Most of Wales is mountainous. The hills rise steeply from the sea and rather flat on top. 6% of Wales is covered with forest and much of the country is pastureland for sheep and cattle. Wales on the WesternProminence. 20.700skm, 9% of the whole island.Wales was united to England in 14th centuryNorthern Ireland takes up the northern fifth of Ireland. It has an area of 14,147 square kilometers. It is made up of six counties that consist of fertile, drumlin [`dr?mlin] (鼓丘) countrysurrounding Lough Neagh. Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland. Mountains in the north4and south, separated by the fertile basin of Lough Neagh, mainly agricultural, industrial center: two ports– Belfast and Londonderry.3. Climate and Weather ------A maritime type of climate:1) moderated by the Atlantic Gulf Stream, milder than places in the same latitude. 2) equable: winters are mild, temperature exceed 4c inthe west, lower in the east. July about 18c. 13c in the northern Scotland.3) changeable day-t-day conditions.4) Rainfall throughout the year. No marked dry season.In Britain the weather is rainy, changeable and unpredictable. In fact it has a favorable maritime climate. It rarely rises above 32? in summer or falls below –10? in winter. Wintersare mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot.― Can I compare thee to the summer‘s day ?‖Rainfall: Britain has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,ooo mm.It is rainy and so changeable and unpredictable. One can experience four seasons in the course of a single day. Britain is famous for its fogs. The smoke-fogs of the big town, which used to develop in winter time whenever there was not enough wind to blow the smoke away, were horrible, unhealthy and dangerous to movement4. Rivers and lakes and natural resourcesThere are many lakes and rivers in England: but not very large.1) the longest river: Severn River, 355km2) Thames River, 338km, in Oxford3) Clyde River in Scotland4) lakes lies in Northern Scotland & the Cambria Mountains and North Wales England is rich in coal, iron, tin, copper, oil and gasThere are no large land-based oilfields except in North Sea. (also gas)5. Exercise:Tell if the following are true or false1) The island of great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England , Scotland and Wales. ( + )2) People in different parts of Britain like to use the name Englandto refer to their country. ( - )3) Today more than half of people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.( - ) 4) In terms of population and area, NorthernIreland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom. ( - )5) The longest river of Britain originates in Wales. ( + )6) Because of political troubles, Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom. ( + )7) Though the climate in Britain is generally mild, the temperaturein Northern Scotland often falls below -10‘c in January. ( - )8) The two main islands of the British Isles are Great Britain and Ireland. ( + )59) Cardiff is the capital city of Scotland. ( - )10) According to a 2005 census, Britain now has a population of 60 million. ( + ) 11) Among the four parts of United Kingdom, Wales is the smallest. ( - ) 12) English belong to the Germanic group of Indo-European family of language. ( + ) 13) Almost a quarter of the Britishpopulation lives in northwestern England. ( - ) 14) The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of Latin and Greek words to English. ( + )15) The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the Norman influence. ( + )Lecture Two The People(1)Question for discussion:1) What are the Celtic languages? Are they still alive?2) How has English language evolved in history? Is it important tothe UK‘s class structure?3) What are the minor languages spoken in the UK,Overview: Population: 56,500,000English 80%; Welsh 5%; Scots 10%; Irish 4%.1. The English: Anglo-Saxon in origin, Germanic tribes conquered in the 5th, 6th AD. Norman French, Under William of Normandy in 1066. Welsh, Scot, Irish: Celts from north-western Europe, invaded Britain between700BC and 200BC.1.1 The characteristics of English people: reserved, unemotional, courteous; shy of strangers; suspicious of change and slow to accept new ideals; solid and dependable with a high sense of honesty, duty and justice; physically and morally courageous; conscious of his place inthe social order, disliking any show of emotion and lack of control.2. The Welsh is composed of two groups of people:1) sheep farmers in the mountainous regions of the centre and north;2) industrial workers in the south2.1 Characteristics of Welsh people: musical, emotional, cheerful, proud of their past, and welcoming to friends but suspicious of foreigners. They lived hard-working lives of the Welsh The culturalpride in Wales is very strong, famous for their love of music and poetry. Welsh is an ancient Celtic language, more different from English than English is from French or German.3. Characteristics of the Scots: inventive, hard-working, serious-minded and cautious withmoneyA) Highlanders live by farming sheep and fishing, being proud, independent, hardy B) Lowlanders live in industrialized urban areas.2) Great empire builders, fierce soldiers . ―Devils in skirts‖ or―ladies from hell‖ are nicknames ofScottish soldiers for their bravery.3) Distinctive national dress: kilt, pleated skirts( 百折裙)4.Characteristics of Irish: introspective(好反省的) dreamers and poets, argumentative and6aggressive.1) IRA: the Irish Republican Army on the Catholic side. 2) Ulster Unionists, (Loyalists) on the Protestant side.5 . Immigrants:1) escape political or religious persecution2) seek a better life3) A) from old dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South AfricaB) Eastern European refugeesC) West Indies, India & PakistanD) Chinese, Greek, Turkish Cypriots, Italian, Spaniards Emigration from Britain to Canada and Australia, USA (doctors, scientists) ---- “brain drain‖6. The Origins of a Nation6.1. early settlement (---55BC)A) the first immigrants: Iberians from Spain & Portugal about 5000 years ago.their relics: Stonehenge 石林(stone monuments) on Salisbury Plain in southwest of England.B) 3 waves: Celts from north-west Europe after 700 BC., 500 BC, and 100 BC — tall, red hair and blue eyes.C) Celtic conquerors blended with Iberian6.2. Roman Britain (55BC –410)1) Julius Caesar came to Britain in 55BC.2) Roman occupation lasted about 400 years.6.3 Impacts on its culture1) brought Christianity to England2) built roads all across Britain3) towns grew up along the Roman roads4) English upper classes became completely Romanized, Roman landowners and officials.5) Social systems: laws, taxes6) Roman language---Latin7) system of writing & numbering8) written description of the land, peoples9) engineering skills, architecture7. Anglo-Saxon times (446-871)Three Germanic tribes invaded England: Angles, Saxons and Jutes. The name England is namedafter Angles.7.1. Danish InvasionAt the turn of 8th century, Danes, or Vikings, invaded England from Norway & Denmark.8. NormansThe Norman Conquest in 1066.78.1 Consequences: William of Normandy and his French-speaking followers set up a strong central government which brought a new unified discipline and control to England. 8.2. French became the official language.8.3. established a feudal system.8.4. Contacts between England & France increased.Exercises:1. Decide whether the following are true or false:1) The British history before 55BC is basically un documented. (+)2) The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe ---the Britons. (+)th3) The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the mid 5 century. (+) th4) The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8 century.(+).2. Choose the best answer:1) The ____ attack on Roman ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic (d)th2) By the late 7 century, _____ Christianity became the dominant religion in England.A. CelticB. Anglo-SaxonC. GermanicD. Roman (d)Part I Politics Feudal EnglandRecorded history in Britain began in the year 55BC, when Julius Caesar and his Roman troopsththinvaded the island. Between the 8 and 5 centuries BC, the Celts inhabited the island and becamethe dominant residents. The name Britain came from the Britons, a Celtic tribe. In 43AD, Britainthsubsequently became a Roman province and it remains so until the beginning of the 5 century.Many of the native Celtic were driven to the mountainous region of Scotland and Wales, which remain unconquered by the Romans. The Roanswere excellent builders and they constructed towns and cities which prospered far longer than any previous settlements on the island. In 410, Germanic barbarians attacked Roman, forcing all Roman troops to leave Britain, which ended the Roman occupation of the island. These warriors included the Angles, the Saxons and Hutes. From that time on, English, the language of the Angles, replaced the old Celtic language as the dominant language of the land. As the Anglo-Saxon were not Roman Christian, St. Augustine was sent to Britain to convert the Anglo Saxon people in 587 with 40 missionaries. They converted many Anglo-Saxons to Roman Christians. Augustine founded a church and a monastery in Canterburythand became the first Archbishop of Canterbury in 601. By the late7 century Roman Christianitythbecame the dominant religion in Britain. In the 8 century the Vikings from the Scandinaviancountries of Northern Europe to attack the English coast. The seven Anglo-Saxons= kingdom in England gradually united under Alfred the Great. In 1042, Edward the Confessor,, as a piousChristian, built Westminster Abbey, which exists today. On September 28, 1066, William crossed the channel with a formidable army. His army defeated the English army King Harold (brother in law of Edward) at the battle of Hastings. and began the Norman Conquest of England, which marked the establishment of feudalism in England.By the year 1154, Henry II, William‘s great grandso n, ascended the throne and thus began therule of the House of Anjou(also known as (the House of Plantagenet). Henry II is best remembered for his reform of the courts and the laws, He improved the courts of justice,8introduced the jury system and institutionalized common law. After Richard I, son of Henry II, was killed in France, his brother John ascended the throne in 1199. He was defeated in a war in France and lost Normandy in 1204. Dissatisfied with John‘s leadership, the lords forced him tosign the Magna Carta(大宪法), which is regarded as the foundation of the Britishconstitutionalism and it provides the basic principles for the protection of individual rights. P15 The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) was a series of wars between England and France over trade, territory, security and the throne. This war had significant impact on the English society. It promoted the English concept of nationalism and promoted the development of the textile industry.The War of the Roses was a series of Civil War between two great noble families: the House of York, whose badge was a white rose, and the House of Lancaster, whose badge was a red rose. Both houses battled for power, wealth and ultimately the throne. in the end , the House of Lancaster won and their leader Henry Tudor became King Henry VII andstarted the rule of the House of Tudor, an efficient centralized government.1. Under William’s rule, the Normans changed England to a feudal state under an absolute kingship.2. King Arthur: in 6th, the central figure of many legends about him and his Knights of round Table.3. the Magna Carta– Great Charter, a document signed in 1215 byKing John, to recognize the rights of barons.4. Hundred Years’ War: between England & France from 1337 to 1453in France. French drove English partly through the inspiration of Joan of Arc (a French saint & national heroine), partly through the effective use of guns.5. Wars of the Roses: struggle for the throne of England (1455-1485)between . The houses of Lancaster, whose badge was a red rose, and York, a white rose. Impacts: the war weakened both nobility and the monarch.6. The Black Death: a deadly bubonic plague(淋巴腺鼠疫), struck Europe in middle of 14th,reached England in 1348. ? of the population died.7. Religious Revolution1) the Catholic Church:A) headed by the Pope;B) members accept the gospel of Christ and the teachings of the Bible.C) Any revolt against the traditional Christian faith was “heresy”.D) in the Middle Ages, Pope was powerful2) Protestant Church:A) whose faith and practice originated with the principles of the Reformation. B) Pope’s political power and religious authority declinedin 16th, Protestant churches sprang up in Northern Europe, and in the Elizabethan age, became gradually the do minant faith. 3) Henry VIII’s divorce question, married his brother’s widow, a Spanish princess, who gave adaughter, Mary, not a son.4) Bloody Mary: a devout Catholic, burnt so many protestants; succeeded by Elizabeth I. 5) Elizabethan age: literary achievement, Shakespeare, an age of adventure on the sea.There was an inevitable conflict between the Roman Catholic Churchand the King of9England who had established absolute monarchy. At that time , theonly person who could grant a divorce was the Pope. So Henry VII started the Reformation movement by declaring a break with Rome. He carried outa wholesale suppression of the monasteries and declared himself to bethe ―only supreme head of the church( in his Act of Supremacy in 1534). The Reformation was in essence a political movement in a religious guise.Part II The English Civil War1. a bitter power struggle (1642-1648) between the monarchy and Parliament.2. the victory of the Parliament led to the execution of Charles I in 1649, and the temporary overthrow of the monarchy.3. a republic founded by Oliver Cromwell for more than ten years.4. King Charles I: divine rights to govern,Ruled without parliament, levied taxes without parliament’s approval.5. Cromwell: Roundhead leader, defeated the King Charles I.The Glorious Revolution1. in 1688, Catholic king James II fled to France.2. the throne was offered to his Protestant daughter and her husband Dutch king William.3. the Bill of Rights was passed by Parliament to restrict the power of the Monarchy.4. beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy in Britain.5. Since then every English monarch rules by permission of Parliament.6. the theories of divine or hereditary right to the throne were ended.7. Bloodless Revolution7.Background:7.1. The 18th century saw ascendancy of the middle class in the life of the nation, with the development of commerce & industry.7.2. Glorious Revolution established the authority of middle class over the crown. 7.3. The union of Scotland and England into the nation of Great Britain --- the Act of Union of 1707.7.4. The Seven Years’ War (1756-63) in North America (French and India War) --- which left Britain predominant in North America and in India, Britain became the world’s leading colonialpower.7.5. In the 2nd half of the 18th century, the great economic and social changes were taking place in Britain --- agricultural and home-based trades and industries gradually gave way to factory-based industries with complex machinery.7.6. England was a great trade nation, with much private capital ready for investment. Not only was trade free to move throughout the British Isles, but also there was freedom of movement between the social classes. Middle class values encouraged self-reliance and enterprising initiative.7.8. Political leaders were interested in commerce. The growing population provided a market. Farmers‘ improved methods of cultivation freed much labor, which became available for employment in the town factories, and also increased food supplies for towns. 7.9 18th century was a time of peace and stability. Foreign plunder, the newly acquired wealth10after 7 years’war. Industrial Revolution first began in the textile industry, which was accelerated by important mechanical inventions ---- flying shuttle, spinning jenny, especially the steam-engine by James Watt in 1769.Results1. Factories came into being because they brought about more profits to the owners.2. New cities sprang up, population was concentrated in towns and cities.3. The power of influence of industrial capitalists grew greater.4. It gave birth a new social-economic class – proletariat who were exploited cruelly.5. It brought many economic advantages to Britain and made Britain rich and powerful. Chartist MovementThe Chartist Movement (1836-48): the industrial and commercial classes, with the support of the working classes, demanded to reform the old voting system.Exercise:Tell whether the following are true or false:1) The Magna Carts was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and thetownpeople. (-)2) The Hundred Years‘ War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans for tradeand territory. (-)3) Westminster Abbey was built at the time of Edward the Confessor. (+)4) The Norman Conquest marked the establishment of feudalism in England. (+) 5) The end of the Wars of Roses led to the rule of the House of Tudor (+)6) The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King HenryVIII‘s efforts to divorce hiswife. (+)Lecture Three Government System P31A nation of Constitutional Monarchy1. The Monarch respects the Constitution.2. In law, the monarch is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature; head of the judiciary; commander-in-chief of3. In the Glorious Revolution, William and Mary became the joint rulers of Britain, and the Constitutional Monarchy began.4. The Bill of Rights which was passed in 1689 restricted the power of the monarchy.The British Constitution1.1. It is unwritten1.2. Its components include Acts of Parliament, the Prerogative of the Crown, Conventions of the Constitution, Common Law and Parliamentary Privilege.1.3. It is more flexible than the written ones in other countries.2. Conventions of the Constitution2. 1. They form an important part of the Constitution just aswritten laws do. 2. 2. They are rules which are not written down but which everyone agrees must be followed in11practice.2. 3. They include the following:1) the powers of the Crown are exercised mainly by Ministers;2) the Queen must act on the advice of Ministers;3) Ministers are responsible to parliament for their actions;4) the sovereignty of Parliament3. Common Law3. 1. It is one of the main components of the British Constitution.3. 2. It refers to the Bills which have been passed by courts.3. 3. It marked a sharp decline in powers of the Monarch.4. The Bill of Rights4. 1. It was the Bill passed by the Parliament in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution. 4. 2. It laid down a number of things that future monarchs could not do. 4. 3. It marked a sharp decline in powers of the Monarch.4. 4. It marked the beginning of the British Constitutional Monarchy5. General Election5. 1. General Election is held at least every five years.5. 2. The country is divided into 635 constituencies, each of which returns one Member of Parliament.5. 3. The one who has the most votes in a constituency becomes a Member of Parliament. 5. 4. The leader of the party with the largest number of members returned to the House of Commons becomes Prime Minister.6. Party system in Parliament6. 1. The leader of the party with the largest number of members returned to the House of Commons becomes Prime Minister and is invited by the Queen to form a government; 6. 2. The party with the next largest numbers of supporters in the Commons becomes the official Opposition to Government.6. 3. The Prime Ministers and other ministers sit on the7. Political Parties7. 1. The UK has a two-party system.7. 2. The Conservative is major right-wing party.It supports free enterprise and is generally opposed to nationalization and to extending the social services. So conservatives are those who have something to conserve and they usually hate the great changes in society.It believes actively in the pursuit of greater social and economic equality. The Labor Party is a party of moderate socialism in favor of Nationalization of key industries. It has always been anti-Communist, supported by some middle class and intellectuals. It is also a main party for working class people.It draws most of its support from highly urban and industrialized people.127.3 . The Liberal Party is the third largest political party since 1922. 7.4. The Social Democratic Party was formed in 1981 by a small number of right-wing Labor party politicians.8. British Parliament8.1. It includes 3 elements:1) the Crown;2) the House of Lords;3) the House of Commons8.2. It is the supreme law-making authority in Britain.8.3. The real center of parliamentary power is in the House of Commons. 8.4. Other functions:1) to control and criticize the executive government;2) to control the raising and the spending of money.9. The House of Lords9.1. Its members are peers, most of whom are hereditary.9.2. Its powers have been severely reduced by the Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949. 9.3. It must pass all financial legislation sent to it from the House of Commons, and can delay other Bills for only one year.9.4. It has a special judicial function.9.5. The Lord Chancellor=Speaker10. The House of Commons1). It consists of 635 elected Members of Parliament.2.) MPs have a number of privileges, eg. The freedom of speech in Parliament. 3). it is by far the most powerful and important element in Parliament, therefore plays the key role in the activities of Parliament as a whole.4.) The Speaker presides over the meeting in the House of Commons.Exercise:1. Answer the following questions:1) Which of the following is just rules and p ractices, but don‘t exist legally?A. Statutory LawB. Common LawC. Conventions2)The constitution can be altered or amended by Monarchy, so it is subjects to different bodies, like politicians, judges and scholars. right? *3) Who is the head of the executive branch ____? A. legislature,B .executive C. judiciary 4) Parliament consists of the king or Queen, the house of Lords and the House of Commons. Is it right?5) Prominent bishops of the church of England are included in the House of Lords? (yes) 6) What‘s the legislative function of the House of Lords? to examine the revise bills. 7). How often is a general election of the government held? 58). Which of the two Houses has the power of drafting new laws?9). The one important function of the House of Commons is scrutinize or restrain the actions of。
学习《英语国家概况》的学习思路与具体的学习方法建议
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学习《英语国家概况》的学习思路与具体的学习方法建议:学习思路共分三步:第一步:粗读。
先看大纲,然后把课本翻看一遍,大纲没涉及的内容也要看。
第二步:精读。
要面面俱到,读完每一章后,要做练习册上的题,除此之外,把自己总结的题也要掌握,然后重读这一章。
历史要一字不漏地看,其它的内容可参阅大纲,只抓重点部分看。
在这一过程中可以采用点线面的方法:点:抓好与章节主题相关的单词与词组,建立自己的词汇库。
课前找出课文/段落的关键词/词组(key words),进行课前预习的单词/词组记忆,课中巩固,可后复习,反复记忆。
线:句子。
找出与章节主题相关的句子表达。
进行课前预习的重点句子记忆,课中巩固,可后复习,反复记忆。
线也包括语法和句法。
面:段落。
找出与章节主题相关的单词、词组、句子的固定表达。
进行课前预习的重点单词、词组、句子记忆,课中巩固,可后复习,反复记忆。
面也包括背景知识。
第三步:记重点。
在熟悉习题的基础上,要通读全文,要看重点,依据题型去套书中的内容。
具体的学习方法如下:一、通读全文,掌握框架读书在有了具体的思路之后,还要在头脑中形成清晰的框架,从整体入手,然后,再把具体的重点加上去,这样,掌握起来,就不至凌乱。
二、找准重点,理清线索熟悉课文内容是任何一科都必不可少的。
《英语国家概况》比其它课要难,英国与美国的历史部分占很大篇幅,要作为重点去掌握,但这部分内容看起来又是那么宠杂,因此理清线索,摸清脉络之后,理解起来就轻松多了。
如:英国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索:early settlers—Roman invasions —Anglo-Saxons—the Viking and Danish Invasionsthe Norman Conquest—William‘s Rule—the Great Charterthe Hundred Year‘s War—the English Reformation—the English Renaissancethe Civil War—the Glorious Revolution—the Industrial Revolution—in the two World Wars 美国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索:the war of Independence—the War of 1812territorial expansion and Westward Movementthe Civil War—in the two World Wars—the Cold Warthe Berlin Blockade—the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s—the Vietnam War每个要点之后都分别有重点,尤其每次战争的背景、时间、起因、结果都需要全面了解。
英语国家概况教学设计
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英语国家概况教学设计一、教学目标本课程旨在让学生通过学习英语国家的文化常识、地理、历史背景等,了解不同国家的文化差异和发展背景,扩展学生的视野和思维深度,提高学生的跨文化交际能力。
通过本课程的学习,学生将具有以下能力:1.了解英语国家相关文化背景和历史背景;2.提高跨文化交际能力;3.了解不同国家在科技、体育、艺术等方面的发展情况;4.学会如何向外国人介绍自己国家。
二、教学内容1.英语国家的地理、人口和宗教情况:介绍英语国家的地理位置、国土面积、人口规模及主要的宗教信仰;2.英语国家的历史背景:介绍英语国家的历史发展;3.英语国家的文化常识:介绍英语国家的文化习俗、传统节日及其起源等文化常识;4.英语国家在科技、体育、艺术等方面的发展情况:介绍英语国家在科技、体育、艺术等方面的发展及其成就;5.如何向外国人介绍自己国家:介绍如何向外国人介绍自己国家,包括自我介绍和介绍国家的基础知识。
三、教学方法本门课程采用讲授型和互动式教学相结合的方式。
在讲授过程中,教师将通过图像资料、视频等多媒体手段,为学生介绍英语国家的文化常识、地理、历史和文化等方面的知识。
在互动式教学环节,教师会选择一些英语国家的节日和习俗,让学生在小组内进行讨论和分享,并且会利用游戏等方式加强学生的学习兴趣。
四、教学评价本课程将采用多元化的评估方式,包括以下几个方面:1.课堂参与度评价:统计学生的提问次数、讨论次数、回答问题的次数等,评估学生的学习参与度和主动性;2.作业评价:检查作业完成度,包括要求的英语国家背景知识的掌握、如何向外国人介绍自己国家的能力;3.考试评价:考试的形式包括选择题、判断题和简答题等,考查学生对英语国家相关知识的掌握情况。
五、教学进度教学内容学时英语国家的地理、人口和宗教情况 1教学内容学时英语国家的历史背景 1英语国家的文化常识 2英语国家在科技、体育、艺术等方面的发展情况 1如何向外国人介绍自己国家 1综合讲述及总结 1六、教学资源为了便于教学,我们可以为学生提供以下教学资源:1.相关书籍:可以为学生推荐一些与本课程相关的书籍,如《英语国家文化常识导读》、《文化差异与交际》等;2.多媒体资料:我们可以为学生提供多媒体资料,如视频和音频,便于学生更好地理解和掌握相关知识;3.线上平台:我们可以使用线上资源和平台,为学生提供课件、练习题、学习笔记等。
英语国家概况教案
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<<英语国家概况〉〉课程教案英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部,是最大,人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
它有三大自然区:北部高地,中部低地及南部山陵。
首府:爱丁堡。
(3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。
首府:加的夫(4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。
首府:贝尔法斯特。
5. The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991.英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。
它成立于1931年,至1990年止已有50个成员国。
II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征1.Geographical position of Britain:英国的地理位置:Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.英国是一个岛国。
《英语国家概况》课程教学方法的探索与实践
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《英语国家概况》课程教学方法的探索与实
践
《英语国家概况》是一门集国家概况、历史文化、社会制度、教
育文化、文化习俗等多方面知识于一体的综合性英语课程。
由于该课
程内容十分广泛且深奥,因此如何进行有效的教学成为该课程教学中
的一个重要问题。
在教学实践中,教师可以运用多种教学方法,如讲授、小组讨论、个案研究、角色扮演和多媒体教学等,以便使学生们更好地掌握知识。
其中,讲授是必不可少的一种教学方法,但单一的讲解方式容易使学
生们产生疲劳感,且难以激发学生们的兴趣。
因此,教师应该通过互
动提问、分组讨论等方式,充分吸引学生们的注意力,从而达到更好
的教学效果。
此外,教师还可以通过设置小组研讨环节,让学生们自主探索,
提高学生的主动性和积极性。
同时,通过多媒体教学,如图文并茂的PPT、视频材料等,增加课程的趣味性,丰富教学内容,促进学生们的
学习兴趣和积极性。
最后,在授课过程中,教师还应该注重学生的反馈,及时了解学
生们的学习情况,为后续的教学调整提供参考。
以此达到教师与学生
之间的互动,在教学中相互激发,产生良性互动,从而达到更好的教
学效果。
总之,通过以上几种授课方法的相互结合、灵活运用,教师可以
为学生们带来更加生动有趣、互动性强的《英语国家概况》课堂体验,达到更好的教学效果。
英语国家概况教案
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英语国家概况教案教案标题:英语国家概况教案教学目标:1. 了解英语国家的概况,包括地理位置、人口、文化、历史等方面的基本信息。
2. 培养学生对英语国家的兴趣和好奇心,拓宽他们的国际视野。
3. 提高学生的听说读写能力,培养他们的跨文化交际能力。
教学内容:1. 英语国家的地理位置及特点。
2. 英语国家的人口和语言情况。
3. 英语国家的文化和历史。
4. 英语国家的主要城市和名胜古迹。
教学步骤:引入:1. 利用地图或世界地球仪向学生展示英语国家的分布情况,引起学生的兴趣。
2. 引导学生谈论自己对英语国家的了解和感兴趣的方面。
主体:3. 提供英语国家的基本信息,包括地理位置、人口、语言等。
让学生通过听、读材料来获取相关知识。
4. 组织学生进行小组讨论,分享他们对英语国家的印象和了解。
5. 引导学生进行相关课文或文章的阅读,帮助他们进一步了解英语国家的文化和历史。
6. 分发地图或图片,让学生标注英语国家的主要城市和名胜古迹,并进行口头或书面介绍。
巩固:7. 组织学生进行角色扮演,模拟跨文化交际情景,例如在英语国家旅游、与当地人交流等。
8. 进行小组或个人项目,要求学生选择一个英语国家进行深入研究,制作海报、PPT或口头报告,展示他们对该国家的了解。
总结:9. 回顾所学内容,让学生总结英语国家概况的重点和要点。
10. 鼓励学生提出问题或分享自己对英语国家的新认识。
11. 引导学生思考英语国家概况对他们的学习和未来的影响。
教学资源:1. 地图或世界地球仪2. 英语国家的相关资料、课文或文章3. 图片或海报4. 小组讨论和角色扮演材料评估方法:1. 学生的小组讨论和角色扮演表现。
2. 学生完成的项目作品,如海报、PPT或口头报告。
3. 学生对英语国家概况的总结和思考。
教学延伸:1. 鼓励学生通过阅读英语国家的文学作品、观看相关电影或纪录片来进一步了解和体验英语国家的文化。
2. 组织学生进行英语国家的研究报告或展示,分享他们对该国家的深入了解和个人体验。
英语国家概况修订版教学设计
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英语国家概况修订版教学设计1. 简介本课程将围绕英语国家概况展开,旨在帮助学生了解英语国家的历史、文化、经济、教育和社会等方面的基本情况,并通过批判性思维对英语国家发展进行深入思考。
2. 目标通过本课程的学习,学生将能够:•了解英语国家的基本情况和历史背景;•了解英语国家的文化多样性;•了解英语国家经济和社会发展的现状和趋势;•学习英语国家与中国的教育比较;•训练批判性思维和跨文化交际能力。
3. 教学内容与方法3.1 教学内容•英语国家的历史和政治制度;•英语国家的文化多样性;•英语国家的经济和社会发展;•英语国家的教育制度和教育模式;•英格兰、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰和南非等6个英语国家的比较分析;•英语国家与中国的教育比较。
3.2 教学方法本课程将采用多种教学方法,包括讲授、案例分析、小组讨论、文献阅读和汇报等。
4. 教学计划教学内容授课时间(周)英语国家概况简介 1英语国家的历史和政治制度 2英语国家的文化多样性 2英语国家的经济和社会发展 2英语国家的教育制度和教育模式 23英格兰、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰和南非等6个英语国家的比较分析英语国家与中国的教育比较 2总结与反思 15. 评价方法本课程的评价方法将综合运用考试、作业、讨论和演讲等多种手段,以全面、客观、公正、科学的方式对学生的综合能力进行评价。
6. 参考教材•《世界各国简史》(修订版),明诚出版社,2008年;•《英美概况》(第3版),人民教育出版社,2014年;•《全球视野下的教育体系比较研究》,高等教育出版社,2019年。
7. 总结本课程将通过对英语国家概况的全面介绍和比较分析,让学生深入了解英语国家的历史、文化、经济、教育和社会等方面的基本情况,提高学生的跨文化交际能力和批判性思维能力。
同时,本课程的教学方法和评价方法将鼓励学生主动参与课堂讨论和互动,培养学生的自主学习和合作精神。
英语国家概况教学大纲
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英语国家概况教学大纲英语国家概况教学大纲随着全球化进程的不断加速,英语已经成为一门全球通用的语言。
因此,对于学习英语的学生来说,了解英语国家的概况是非常重要的。
本文将探讨英语国家概况教学大纲的设计和内容。
一、教学目标英语国家概况教学的目标是使学生对英语国家的地理、历史、文化、经济等方面有一个全面的了解。
通过学习英语国家的概况,学生可以更好地理解和运用英语,提高语言交流的能力。
二、教学内容1. 地理概况地理概况是英语国家概况教学的基础。
学生需要了解英语国家的地理位置、面积、人口等基本信息。
同时,还需要了解英语国家的自然地理特点,如地形、气候、自然资源等。
2. 历史概况了解英语国家的历史可以帮助学生更好地理解英语国家的文化和社会背景。
教学内容可以包括英语国家的历史事件、重要人物、政治制度等方面的知识。
3. 文化概况英语国家的文化多样性是学习英语的重要方面。
学生需要了解英语国家的文化传统、宗教信仰、音乐、艺术、风俗习惯等方面的知识。
可以通过介绍英语国家的节日、传统食物、民间故事等来培养学生对英语国家文化的兴趣。
4. 经济概况了解英语国家的经济情况对于学生了解英语国家的社会发展和就业机会非常重要。
可以介绍英语国家的主要产业、经济发展水平、国际贸易等方面的知识。
三、教学方法1. 多媒体教学多媒体教学是英语国家概况教学的重要手段。
通过使用图片、视频、音频等多媒体资料,可以生动形象地展示英语国家的地理、历史、文化、经济等方面的信息,激发学生的学习兴趣。
2. 小组讨论小组讨论是培养学生合作意识和思维能力的有效方法。
可以将学生分成小组,让他们在小组内讨论英语国家的某一方面,并向全班做报告。
这样可以增加学生的参与度,提高他们的口语表达能力。
3. 实地考察实地考察是英语国家概况教学的一种拓展方式。
可以组织学生参观英语国家的使馆、文化机构、企业等,让他们亲身体验英语国家的文化和社会环境。
四、教学评估教学评估是英语国家概况教学的重要环节。
英语国家概况
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《英语国家概况》课程标准一、课程定位《英语国家概况》是高职应用英语专业学生的专业知识必修课。
本课程的设置是为了使学生了解英美等几个主要英语国家的地理、历史、经济、政治等方面的概况,了解英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯和社会生活的其它情况,以提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性,培养学生的跨文化交际能力;加深对语言的理解,提高分析和批判的能力;提高学生的思想道德素质、文化素质和心理素质。
为学生毕业后所从事的中小学英语教学工作打下扎实的英语文化基础知识和英语语言应用能力。
前导课程是《语音》课程、《精读》、《听说》等语言基础课程,通过这些课程的学习使学生具备扎实的英语听、说、读等基本功底,掌握英语的基本知识、为《英语国家概况》的学习打下基础。
后续课程是《商务礼仪》、《英美文学》和《英美文学欣赏》。
二、课程教学目标本课程的教学目标是使本专业学生了解六个主要英语国家的地理、历史、经济、政治等方面的概况,了解英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯和社会生活的其它情况,使学生养成不断联系当前实际,密切关注国际局势的习惯,并能迅速准确地查阅资料,在储备丰富背景知识的同时,巩固和提高英语水平。
1、知识目标:系统了解英美国家的地理、历史、政治、经济、文化等知识。
理解和掌握英美国家重要历史变革、重要人物、政治体制、经济政策。
分析中西文化的差异,深刻理解洋为中用,求同存异的思想。
2、能力目标:进一步扎实学生的英语基础,扩大词汇量,扩大阅读量,用英语进行展示和演讲,学以致用,加强语言表达的流利性和准确性。
能运用英语讨论和讲解地理、历史等相关的学科知识。
能运用英语分析和阐述与生活紧密相关的政治、经济和文化等问题,培养良好的思辨能力。
3、素质目标:增强学生们对文化差异的敏感性和宽容性,及处理这些文化差异的灵活性。
渗透了积极向上的西方人文思想,有利提升学生的人文素养,培养学生独立自信、诚信守法、回报社会的良好操守。
在学习中学会合作,具有团队精神和协作精神,有利于建立良好的师生关系、同事关系、客户关系。
英语国家概况教学大纲
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英语国家概况教学大纲课程编码:04213020 适用专业:商务英语教学时数: 64学时其中实践0学时一、课程性质《英语国家概况》是英语专业的一门知识性基础课。
本课程以英语为媒介,比较系统地向学生阐述世界主要英语国家的社会与文化背景,如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。
它是英语专业学生学习英语专业其它语言基础课和在高年级阶段学习英语文学和翻译等课程的基础。
本课程的教学可以提高学生在跨文化语言运用过程中对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性,从而改善学生的跨文化语言运用能力。
二、教学方法示范讲解、观摩教学、、模拟教学相结合。
通过阅读主要参考书目、网上查询、资料整理和专题讨论,加深并掌握该学科的发展动态。
三、考核方式闭卷考试第一部分大不列颠与北爱尔兰简介【教学目的】对英国的社会及文化背景作全面概括,使学生了解英国社会和文化的过去和现在的情况。
【教学内容】英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士的地理、语言发展和民族特点,以及北爱尔兰地理、宗教信仰及民族独立问题。
【教学重难点】英国的民族与宗教及政治体制。
第二部分英国政府与当代政治、经济【教学目的】使学生认识英国的政府统治体制和议会程序及选举制度,同时了解英国当代的政治经济情况。
【教学内容】1、英国君主立宪制度议会制度及内阁2、英国选举制度、政党制及政治发展趋势3、英国经济概况、农业及飞机工业的发展【教学重难点】英国政府体制的特色;民族等级制度对人民生活的影响;英国经济发展的原因。
第三部分英国的对外关系【教学目的】使学生认识英国的发展历史、外交政策及英美两国的关系。
【教学内容】1、大英帝国的扩张历史及现状、英国对外政策的基础和立足点2、英国与北约、欧盟等一些国际组织的关系3、英美两个资本主义大国之间的关系【教学重难点】英帝国的扩张历史;对外政策的基础和对外关系发展。
第四部分英国社会文化与生活【教学目的】让学生了解英国的教育体制和社会各阶层的生活情况。
英语国家概况教案Lesson
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英语国家概况教案Lesson 1【教学目标】1. 了解英国的地理、历史和文化背景。
2. 掌握英国的基本概况,如首都、货币、语言等。
3. 提高学生的英语听说读写能力。
【教学内容】1. 英国的地理位置2. 英国的历史概况3. 英国的文化特点4. 英国的首都伦敦5. 英国的货币和语言【教学过程】Step 1: 引入新课1. 教师展示英国的地图,引导学生关注英国的地理位置。
2. 提问:“你们对英国有哪些了解?”鼓励学生发表自己的观点。
Step 2: 讲解英国的基本概况1. 教师简要介绍英国的历史概况,如罗马时期、中世纪、工业革命等。
2. 讲解英国的文化特点,如文学、艺术、音乐等。
3. 介绍英国的首都是伦敦,并简要介绍伦敦的一些著名景点。
Step 3: 讲解英国的货币和语言1. 介绍英国的货币体系,如英镑、硬币等。
2. 讲解英国的官方语言是英语,并介绍英语在世界上的地位。
Step 4: 互动环节1. 学生分组讨论,每组选择一个感兴趣的英国话题进行研究。
2. 各组汇报自己的研究成果,其他组成员提问。
2. 布置作业:请学生写一篇关于英国的小短文。
【教学评估】1. 观察学生在课堂上的参与程度,了解他们对英国概况的掌握情况。
2. 课后收集学生的作业,评估他们的写作能力。
英语国家概况教案Lesson 2【教学目标】1. 了解美国的地理、历史和文化背景。
2. 掌握美国的基本概况,如首都、货币、语言等。
3. 提高学生的英语听说读写能力。
【教学内容】1. 美国的地理位置2. 美国的歷史概况3. 美国的文华特点4. 美国的首都华盛顿特区5. 美国的货币和语言【教学过程】Step 1: 引入新课1. 教师展示美国的地图,引导学生关注美国的地理位置。
2. 提问:“你们对美国有哪些了解?”鼓励学生发表自己的观点。
Step 2: 讲解美国的基本概况1. 教师简要介绍美国的歷史概况,如发现新大陆、独立战争、南北战争等。
2. 讲解美国的文华特点,如电影、音乐、体育等。
大学英语国家概况教案
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课程名称:大学英语授课对象:非英语专业本科生课时:2课时教学目标:1. 了解主要英语国家的基本概况,包括历史、地理、政治、经济、文化等方面。
2. 提高学生的英语阅读理解能力、口语表达能力和跨文化交际能力。
3. 培养学生的自主学习能力和团队合作精神。
教学内容:1. 主要英语国家的地理位置和历史背景2. 主要英语国家的政治体制和经济制度3. 主要英语国家的文化特点和社会习俗教学步骤:一、导入1. 教师简要介绍英语国家的分布和重要性,激发学生的学习兴趣。
2. 提问:你们知道哪些英语国家?它们分别位于哪个洲?它们的历史背景是怎样的?二、课堂讲解1. 主要英语国家的地理位置和历史背景- 以地图展示主要英语国家的地理位置。
- 介绍英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等主要英语国家的历史背景。
2. 主要英语国家的政治体制和经济制度- 介绍英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等主要英语国家的政治体制(如君主立宪制、总统制等)。
- 介绍这些国家的经济制度(如市场经济、计划经济等)。
3. 主要英语国家的文化特点和社会习俗- 介绍英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等主要英语国家的文化特点(如语言、宗教、艺术等)。
- 介绍这些国家的社会习俗(如节日、饮食、礼仪等)。
三、课堂活动1. 小组讨论:学生分组讨论各自感兴趣的主要英语国家,总结其特点。
2. 角色扮演:学生扮演不同国家的代表,进行跨文化交际活动。
四、课堂总结1. 教师总结本节课所学内容,强调重点和难点。
2. 鼓励学生课后自主学习,拓展知识面。
教学资源:1. 教科书:《大学英语国家概况》2. 地图:展示主要英语国家的地理位置。
3. 课件:展示主要英语国家的政治、经济、文化等方面的信息。
教学评价:1. 课堂参与度:观察学生在课堂活动中的表现,如讨论、角色扮演等。
2. 课后作业:检查学生课后自主学习的成果,如完成相关练习题、撰写心得体会等。
教学反思:1. 根据学生的学习情况和反馈,调整教学策略,提高教学效果。
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2011年10月
科教纵横
基于内容教学法的英语国家概况教学研究
文/赵永梅
摘 要:本文以认知学习理论和二语习得理论为依据,通过对内容教学法和英语国家概况课程的研究,分析了将内容教学法引入英语国家概况选修课教学的可行性,并在此基础上阐述了内容教学法的两种常见模式在英语国家概括课程中的应用。
关键词:内容教学法;英语国家概况;选修课;主题模式;专题模式
中图分类号:G511 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4117(2011)10-0239-01
随着我国教育条件的改善和教育质量的提高,大学英语教学为我们培养了无以计数的外语人才。
但是经济文化全球化发展以及国际交流的日益频繁对人们英语语言的综合能力也提出了更高的要求。
教育部于2004年颁布了新的《大学英语课程要求》,要求规定,“课程设置要充分体现个性化,考虑不同起点的学生,既要照顾起点较低的学生,又要给基础好的学生有发展空间;既要保证在整个大学期间的英语语言水平稳步提高,又要有利于学生个性化学习,以满足他们各自不同的专业发展要求”。
因此,全国各高校都加大了在高年级学生中开设英语选修课的比重。
本文拟以内容教学法为依托,将其常见的两种教学模式引入英语国家概括课程进行探讨研究。
一、内容教学法的概念
内容教学法即content based instruction(CBI)。
内容教学理念于20世纪下半叶兴起并引起教育界和语言界的广泛关注。
顾名思义,内容教学指的是将目的语的教学和特定的学科或者是主题内容结合起来进行的一种模式。
这种将学科知识的学习与语言教学相融合的教学理念可以让学生在通过目标语言获取信息的过程中提高其语言运用能力。
这种观点的提出建立在语言教学的一定认知上。
因为只有给予语言系统和学科内容同等的重视,才能有效促进两方面的齐步发展。
运用目的语教授学科内容不仅可以较理想的达到这两个方面的整合,也为二语教学提供了一个崭新的视角。
二、内容教学法的理论依据
内容教学的主要理论依据是认知心理学理论和二语习得理论。
这两种理论的共同点在于其一都强调为二语/外语学习者提供多种机会在交际的、有语境的环境中进行真实的交互;其二都把二语习得视为一种综合认知行为。
但是前者强调语言教学的内容与学习者的生活经验和自身背景知识的联系,以便他们在语言学习中激发兴趣,主动建构知识意义;而后者的核心思想是语言学习应注重有意义的内容学习,Krashen提出的有意义的语言输入是这一思想的代表。
内容教学理念主张将语言能力的提高沉浸在某种主题或者某个学科来进行,这正是一种以认知学习理论和语言学理论为基础的教学实践。
教育及认知心理学认为人的认知包含双重性。
换句话说,所有人类的智慧行为,比如学习、思考、交流等,既需要知识又要有实践过程。
如果把技能培训与语言知识分离的话,学习者要将这些语言知识转化为其内在的知识是需要花更多的时间反复练习的。
但是如果把语言知识放在一定的专题中来学习的话,情况就大相径庭了,在这种学习里,主题内容的出现会创造语境,而在真实的语言环境中,学生就有了兴趣和积极性,其课堂参与程度就会提高,从而也能更好的掌握要学习的知识和语言技能。
从二语习得的视野来看,自然语言的习得是在内容环境中产生的。
复杂的语言只有在以真实的、复杂的内容为中心的框架之下,才能达到最好的学习效果,也就是说自然语言从来都离不开其内容和意义。
三、内容教学理念在英语国家概括课程中的应用
内容教学是一种教学理念而不是教学方法,也就没有固定单一的模式。
根据不同的教学目标,内容教学理念最常见的教学模式包括以下四种,即:课程模式、主题模式、专题模式和辅助模式。
其中主题模式和专题模式从理论上讲均适用于英语国家概况课程的教学实践。
(一)主题模式
主题模式的材料来源于目标语的各类话题和主题。
而材料中的主题和话题应根据学生的需求选取并应能引起学生的兴趣。
具体到英语国家概况中,我们可以选择横向的主题,比如主要英语国家的历史、经济、文化的对比,或者从纵向方面就某个国家的概述作为一个主题。
主题模式旨在以语言为媒介来获取新信息,在获取新信息的过程中,进一步提高学习者的语言水平。
在此,我们可以将选修课程的学生按照自主意愿和老师分配的原则,分成若干小组,每组都围绕自己选定的话题和主题,将听、说、读、写各项语言技能结合起来展开综合训练。
(二)专题模式
专题模式的授课内容某行业或专业有着密切的关联。
专题模式的教学既可以由专业教师主持,也可以由语言教师负责。
英语选修课设置本身就是以专业知识的学习和语言技能的提高为目标的,因此,任课老师要兼顾专业教师和外语教师。
在英语国家概况课程中,教师可以就学生关注的出国留学和旅游问题做相关的教育政策和旅游热点的专题。
任课教师可以借助各种语言教学手段来提升学生在专业和语言方面的能力。
综上所述,“英语国家概况”选修课跨度大,涉及面广,有横断面,也有纵深轴线。
该课程以培养学生的“英语技能+英语国家历史与文化知识”为目标,所以教学应该既重视语言和技能的培养,又重视文化知识与内容的介绍,两个元素缺一不可。
运用内容教学理念中的主题模式和专题模式的方式,让学生既学习了专业内容,又学习了语言知识。
新时期的发展和国际交流与合作对英语应用能力的要求越来越高。
将课堂教学模式的改进与大学生英语综合能力的提高有效结合起来已然成为当前大学英语教学面临的一个新课题。
内容教学理念将语言教学沉浸于特定的主题或者学科来进行,是将语言学习同内容学习有效结合起来的一种途径。
该理念的实践也将对我们大学英语选修课的教学起到促进作用。
作者单位:西安工业大学作者简介:赵永梅,西安工业大学外国语学院讲师,硕士,主要从事英语语言文化和教学法方向的研究。
参考文献:
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[2]顾飞荣,嵇胜美.近15年国内C B I外语教学研究述评[J].韶关学院学报2009,(11).
[3]雷春林.内容教学法(CBI)与复合型外语专业教学——以商务英语教学模式为例[J].外语电化教学,2006(6).
[4]李丽.基于内容教学理念的商务英语教学模式研究[J].杭州电子科技大学学报(社会科学版),2009,(3).
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项目基金:本研究获西安工业大学“基于CBI理念的‘英语国家概况’选修课教学模式研究”项目(编号:11JGY23)资助。
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