高考英语阅读理解中猜测词意真题再体验
英语阅读理解猜词技巧实用1份
英语阅读理解猜词技巧实用1份英语阅读理解猜词技巧11.构词法猜词阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。
掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。
如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un，fore，see，able;其中see是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
2.利用同义近义词猜词在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。
统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
3.利用反义词猜词对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。
在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。
利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold，perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
4.利用上下文语境猜词任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是**来高考考查的热点。
特别提醒：在做英语阅读理解题时，一定要注意熟词生义!这类猜词题也常见于各年高考题当中。
熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。
原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有数量的规定，不得超过3%;其二，熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解;其三，熟词生义的数量没有限制。
如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。
5.利用定义和解释猜词有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。
高考英语阅读之猜测词义
混乱
天生的
◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil .
◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate .
抓主旨 明细节 猜词义 做推断
猜测词义 读懂文章
---------高三英语阅读指导（阅读篇）
对考纲外生词的猜测
Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently. “polyglot” most probabmlyeans “_______________.”
语
境
法
1. 定义描述
猜
测
词
义
小
结
定义或释义关系常由定语从句或is, be called ，be known as, be defined as 等词汇或破折号来表示 ； 或由that is (to say), in other words ， to put it another way 引出 一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词
Ex.2
替代
丰满的
The new tax law supersedes , or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.
Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.
【阅读指导】高中英语阅读理解猜测词意题
高中英语阅读理解猜测词意高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求：阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
2019年真题1. For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “… Vote for … me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.“You can use me as a last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse (长曲棍球) club.I guess that there’s probably some demanding work sche dule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a littlepersuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on… At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage teamwork.B. Appeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.（Paragraph 4）“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China —some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs —and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill.26. What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing againstBy the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.43. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Sensitive.B. Beneficial.C. Significant.D. Unnoticeable.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park — 2.2 million acres —was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across — much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.60. What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probablymean?A. Hot-air balloon.B. Digital camera.C. Big photograph.D. Bird’s view.Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote (《堂吉诃德》) . And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to t h e top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. End one’s struggl e for liberty.B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, r aces, and socio-economic (社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took,” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip (片段) shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.24. What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?A. Money spent without hesitation.B. Money not legally made.C. Money offered without conditions.D. Money not tied together.2020年1月浙江卷Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you’d taken it out; it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of “Little Red Riding H ood” with my brother’s two daughters. She’d just look up at the right time, long enough to answer —in character —“The better to eat you with, my dear,” and go back to her place in the magazine article.22. What do the underlined words “this feeling” refer to in the last paragraph?A. Desire to read.B. Love for Mrs. Calloway.C. Interest in games.D. Fear of the library rules.2018年之前高考英语真题1.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries orsliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.2. Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.3. There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a_pipe_dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A．A practical idea. B．A vain hope.C．A brilliant plan. D．A selfish desire.4. This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means“________”．A．change B．liftC．repair D．decorate5. Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,_ one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Countries where their people need help.B．Powerful states with higher civilization.C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D．Governments ruled with absolute power.6. The objects around you are visible because they interact with light .Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light，bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light，stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it，so you can see it easily.The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ________．A．silently B．graduallyC．regularly D．completely7. My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifullywhen I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.Fortunately，I didn’t get any channels showing all night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?_______A．ended all their programsB．provided fewer channelsC．changed to commercialsD．showed allnight movies真题短文读一读A man’s position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _________ in this text.A. honorB. endangerC. proudD. shameThe ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he wasbanished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.The underlined word “banished” mean_______.A. killed by stoningB. sent awayC. imprisonedD. punished by whippingAlthough he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.The word “jeopardize” means _____ in this text.A. protectB. endangerC. continueD. stopIt was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction.Each class had unique characteristics.In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society;and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.A. varietyB. divisionC. authorityD. qualificationThe link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to workfor the person one loves and to love one’s work.”49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?A. Quick to reactB. Having a thin edgeC. Clear and definiteD. sudden and rapidIn fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.70. What does the underlined expression "take on" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Accept.B. Employ.C. Play with.D. Fight against.Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas —even physical strength greater than most of us realize.52. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?A. Swallow more than you can digest.B. Act slightly above your abilities.C. Develop more mysterious powers.D. Learn to make creative decisions.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important famil y is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of themselves.B. They were eager to raise more children.C. They wanted to live away from their parents.D. They had little respect for their grandparents.Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it in the back porch （门廊）. Every so often my son’s friends will ask wh at it is. So I started stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?A. He missed the good old days.B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.C. He needed it for his milk bottles.D. He planted flowers in it.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to ?A. The book.B. An adventure.C. A public place.D. The identification number.He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said it was because of the cigarettes.Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.63.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refers to the father’s ____.A. weak heartB. taking a shore jobC. failure to return to seaD. injury caused by a torpedo…… Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest（投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribution what’s left among as many o thers as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline（减弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.73. The underlined word “engagement” in the second paragraph probably means “”.A. appointmentB. connectionC. interviewD. agreementThere are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. A practical idea.B. A vain hope. (白日梦)C. A brilliant plan.D. A selfish desire.“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's _______.A. readersB. partiesC. friendsD. stories高考英语阅读理解猜测词意参考答案2019年真题1. For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, i s next to him, whispering support. “… Vote for … me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.25.猜词题。
高考英语阅读理解五大方法巧解词义猜测题
高考英语阅读理解五大方法巧解词义猜测题根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题6大出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
近三年词义猜测题考查频次一览表2017年2016年2015年全国卷Ⅰ2（代词that；短语the watercatcher）1(单词courier)1（单词contributions）全国卷Ⅱ2（代词that；句子the tables areturned）2(单词downside;代词it)1（短语signed off）全国卷Ⅲ1（单词displaced）2（代词them；短语a pipe dream）/近几年高考词义猜测题在数量上保持稳定，每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题不超过2道。
但试卷中阅读理解部分生词量略有扩大，试题难度稍有增加。
例如在2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解中，有部分超纲单词（如unifying, emotion和insight)给出了汉语注释，另外一部分超纲词汇(如recontextualization)却没有附加注释。
这些单词既不在《考试大纲》规定的词汇表内，又未加注释，这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义猜测题，还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义，这样才能透彻地理解文章，完成阅读理解任务。
词义猜测题考查的范围主要在以下几个方面：生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。
常见的设问形式主要有以下几种：What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined phrase "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...mean?What does the author mean by "..." in Paragraph...?Which of the following can replace the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...?无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词，我们都可以利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜出单词或短语的意思。
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。
考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
高考英语阅读理解之推测词义
高考英语阅读理解之推测词义一、推测代词指代含义例 (2019课标全国ⅡA篇节选)My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series (系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they're also aspirational.Who does “I”refer to in the text?A.Stephen King.B.Gillian Flynn.C.Jo Usmar.D.Roald Dahl.解析：根据第一段可知,本文主要是Jo Usmar的书评。
再根据文中“I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me...”可推断出此处“I”指的是Jo Usmar。
二、推测画线单词或短语的含义1.依据定义推测词义在许多情况下,文章的作者估计某个词一般读者不熟悉,则会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。
2023年高考英语阅读理解备考策略专题06 阅读理解之词意推断与代词指代
专题06 阅读理解之词意推断与代词指代一．（2022·青海海东·一模）There are people living in almost every corner of our crowded planet. From the tops of mountains to deep underground, we’ve always been able to find habitable places to make a home. But with space at apremium (稀少), we’ve started to look even deeper for somewhere to live.Throughout history, people have been fascinated by the idea of living underwater. More recently, the effects of human activity on the land have led some to look to the oceans for natural resources. Oceanographers and architects have looked at designing vessels, labs and underwater habitats to enable people to live and work in a underwater world. But, while dreams of an underwater city have remained a fantasy, how close are we to making our home on the seabed a reality?The pioneer of undersea living was Ian Koblick. He claimed technology already existed to create underwater colonies supporting up to a hundred people. He even opened La Chalupa, once the largest and most advanced underwater habitat and research facility in the world.A more recent and ambitious design for an underwater city is Ocean Spiral. Designed by the Japanese Shimizu Corporation, it’s-a huge transparent globe attached to the seabed. It’s got a tower running through it to the surface, providing space for homes, offices and even an amusement park for five thousand residents.Of course, there are engineering challenges in constructing an oceanic metropolis. And living underwater would have major effects on the human body, especially as there is an increase in atmospheric pressure, which could lead to the bends. So, maybe it’s too soon to be packing our bags and setting up a new life three thousand metres under the sea!1．Why are people looking forward to living underwater?A．Space on land is in short supply.B．Living underwater is very easy.C．The world underwater is fantastic.D．They are tired of living on land.2．What’s the author’s attitude towards living underwater?A．Indifferent.B．Critical.C．Negative.D．Objective.3．What can we infer from the passage?A．Living underwater does harm to the human body.B．Ocean Spiral can contain five thousand residents.C．People can look forward to the future of underwater life.D．We can pack our bags and set up a new life underwater.4．Where is this text most likely from?A．A journal of history.B．A science website.C．An international newspaper.D．A travel guidebook.二．（2022·吉林吉林·模拟预测）According to Jim Coan, a psychologist from the University of Virginia, holding hands with someone you trust can have a positive effect on your health. Why? Researchers have shown in their studies that the simple act of touch can reduce stress and even lower heart rate.In a study, Jim and his colleagues brought couples into the lab, and then put one of them in an fMRI machine to scan the activity in their brains. While scanning them, the participants looked at a screen, and on a series of tests, they either saw a green circle or a red “X”. A green circle meant that the test would end shortly and nothing else would happen. A red “X”meant that in a few seconds, there was a chance that they would receive a mild electric shock on their leg. The shock wasn’t painful, but it wasn’t exactly comfortable either.During some of these tests, participants were in the fMRI scanner alone; during others, a researcher came in and held their hand; and on a final set of tests, their romantic partner came in and held their hand. Jim and colleagues found that when participants thought theymight be getting a shock, they had a lower stress response in their brains when holding their romantic partner’s hand than in the other two conditions. And the happier the couples said they were in their relationships, the more the romantic partner’s hand lessened (减弱) the brain’s response to the shock. This study suggests that when we’re stressed, holding a loved one’s hand can reduce that stress.The research also suggests that touch has immediate and positive effects on babies. Skin-to-skin contact can reduce crying, stress, and improve sleep. These effects can belong-lasting: adults, held a lot when they were babies, are the most likely to be healthy and well-adjusted —in fact, the more they were carried in babyhood, the better they adjust in adulthood.5．How would a participant probably feel when seeing a red “X”?A．Nervous.B．Excited.C．Hopeful.D．Painful.6．Why did researchers do sets of tests in the study?A．To make sure the study results are correct.B．To compare brain activities in different cases.C．To test the relationships between couples.D．To check the functions of the fMRI scanner.7．According to the last paragraph, what may the writer agree with?A．Babies should be held and carried as much as possible.B．Babies’problems can be solved mainly by touching.C．The effects that touching has on babies don’t last long.D．Adults who were not held as babies can’t adjust to society.8．Which of the following might be the most suitable title for the text?A．Touch Improves Brain FunctionB．Touch Happens EverywhereC．Touch Helps Form Good HabitsD．Touch Makes a Big Difference答案一．（2022·青海海东·一模）【答案】1．A2．D3．C4．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。
2019高考英语阅读理解中猜测词意真题再体验【含解析答案】
高考英语阅读理解中猜测词意真题再体验1.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comesa “soft-serve” crea my dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childr en’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.解析：they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.孩子们喜欢把水果和冷冻的香蕉放到机器的顶部，看着冰激凌出来，因此此处a juicer是机器。
选择D2. Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.答案A,根据第一段第一句Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects我们成年人都清楚堆满很多物品是什么感受，接着设问Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? 表达了作者对more is more“越多越好”的态度。
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题(含答案)
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解To eat only a vegan（素食的） diet might sound difficult, especially with many popular dishes containing meat or other animal products. Yet in 2017, veganism was described as “the fastest - growing lifestyle movement” in the UK, according to BBC news.A study by a UK market research organization, suggests that over 542,000 Brits went vegan during the previous decade, an increase of 360%. And the main force behind this increase was those aged 15-34 years old — 42% of recent vegans fall under that age range.So why exactly has veganism become so popular among young Brits?One reason could be that many young people want to protect the environment, as less meat consumption is known to be beneficial to the environment. Global meat manufacturing is believed to cause 18% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions（排放）, even more than that of all the world's cars, trains and planes combined. Another reason is that many of today's young people believe that it's wrong to kill animals to be used as food.Jess Murray, 22, a student at University College London, said that he chose to become vegan after realizing that eating animals is a choice that people make, rather than something that we need to do to survive. “Becoming vegan was an ethica l (道德的) decision,” he told the Guardian. Social media is also believed to have given rise to the increase in veganism. Platforms such as Facebook allow young vegans to connect with each other much easier, while others such as Instagram have led to the creation of “vegan celebrities (名人)”, who share lips on vegan lifestyles. Despite the rising of veganism, Laura Wyness, an expert in diet and nutrition, said that meat is very important for people's health. “A strict vegan diet makes it difficult to ge t some minerals and vitamins that your body needs,” Wyness told BBC news.However, the popularity of veganism doesn't seem to be fading. “It feels more like this is something that is sticking.” said an expert of the Vegan Society, a UK charity that pro motes veganism.（1）What can we learn about veganism, “the fastest-growing lifestyle movement” in UK?A. It has created many popular dishes.B. It is backed up mainly by old people.C. It has led to further market research.D. It has grown steeply in the past 10 years.（2）The following may account for the increase in veganism EXCEPT .A. Young people prefer an environment-friendly life.B. Young people want to become ethical celebrities.C. Meal manufacturing contributes a lot to the world's greenhouse gas.D. Social media allow the vegan message to spread quickly around.（3）The underlined word “sticking” in the Iasi paragraph is equal to in meaning.A. importantB. specialC. lastingD. impressive（4）Which of the following will serve as the best title of the passage?A. Young Brits Going VeganB. Veganism Comes FirstC. How to Start a Vegan LifestyleD. Veganism and the Environment【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，过去的十年里素食主义在英国增长迅猛。
浅谈英语阅读理解中预测和概述策略的运用
浅谈英语阅读理解中预测和概述策略 的运用
崔本 良
（ 济南市商河县职业 中等 专业 学校 ， 山东济 南 ２ １０ ） ５ ６０
摘 要： 阅读理解力是语 言运 用能力的重要组成部分 也是 中、 高考 中英语 测试 的重 点 内容 。从 中、 高考英语试 题 中阅读理解题 的
基 本 技 能 包 括 ：预 测 下 文 、 概 述 文 章 大 意 （ ｒｄｃｎ ｎ ｐｅ ｉ ｉｇ ａｄ ｔ ｓｒｅｉｇ；略 读 （ ｉ ｍｉ ） 据 上 下 文 猜 测 词 义 （ ｅｓ ｇ ｕｖｙ ） ｎ ｓ ｍ ｎ ；根 ｋ ｇ ｇ ｓｎ ｕ ｉ ｖｃｂ ｌ ｙ ｆ ｍ ｃｎｅｔ分析 词 意（ｏｄ ａ ａ ｓ ） ｏａ ｕａ ｒ ｏｔ ） ｒ ｏ ｘ； ｗ ｒ ｎ ｌ ｉ； ｙ ｓ ￣解 文 章结 构 （ ｄｒ ａｄｎ ｈ ｔ ｃｕｅ；了解作者 的写作意 图 （ｎ ｗｎ ｈ ｕ ｅｓ ｎ ｉｇｔｅｓ ｕｔｒ） ｎ ｔ ｒ ｋ ｏ ｉｇ ｔｅ
容用铅笔划下 ， 如文 章的题 目、 标题 、 副标题 、 黑体 （ 粗体 ） 印刷 或 斜体 印刷的词 、 数字 、 特别 的标 点符号 以及段落 的第 一个句子 和 最后一个句子 。这样就能对文章有一个大致的了解 。
４ 将每一段 的首句和末句 加下划线后 ， 、 仅读这些 句子 ， 然后 再概述文章的内容。 在你 的概 述中找出最能描述 出文章 内容 的陈
概述一个段落 、 一篇 文章 、 一本书能帮助读者形 成一 个大致 的“ 地 图” 而且能使后续 阅读读得更快 、 ， 更准确 ， 效率 也更 高。 四、 预测和概述策略的方法步骤 １ 在阅读 中经 常使用 的方法之一就是读前提出问题 。 、 就所读
【高考英语阅读理解公开课】---猜测词义课件(共4个课件)
[典例] (2019·北京卷 )Phytoplankton(浮游植物) lives at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. ...But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow...
Statistics on the type of guessing meanings of words
Year
2019
2018
2017
全国卷Ⅰ 1(单词stumbles的含义)
1(单词 dominant的 2(代词that的含义； 短语the
含义)
water catcher的含义)
全国卷Ⅱ
2(代词I的含义；短语tug at 1(短语a juicer的含
many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and
Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29．Which of the following best explains “dominant”in paragraph 2?
field(n.场地 ) field vt.运用=employ(使用，运用)
高考英语阅读理解题型例析及解题技巧总结
高考英语阅读理解题型例析及解题技巧众所周知，历年高考英语试卷的阅读理解试题，主要包括以下四种题型：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题（含写作意图、目的等）、词义猜测题。
今天，我们结合历年真题，来讲解一下这四种题型的解题技巧。
一、主旨大意题这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词。
1. 归纳标题题特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。
常见命题形式有：What’s the best title for the text?The best title for this passage is __________.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?2. 概括大意题包括寻找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（main idea），常见命题形式有：What is the general/main idea of the passage?Which of the following expresses the main idea?What is the subject discussed in the text?What’s the article mainly about?【高考例题】27. What is the text mainly about? （2018全国卷Ⅲ）A. The rise and fall of a city.B. The gold rush in Canada.C. Journeys into the wilderness.D. Tourism in Dawson.【试题解析】正确答案：A。
主旨大意题。
文章第一段提出观点：一个城市之所以矗立在那里是有充分的原因的。
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解一、新课导入1.阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则：文章一般为3篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在1100单词左右；题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。
2.高考阅读理解常见的设题形式有：词义猜测题、细节理解题、推断题、作者态度题和主旨大意题。
3.阅读理解技巧：抓（问题关键），定（文段），比（较选项答案）二、新课讲解---做题技巧1、词义猜测技巧。
此类考题目要求考生能根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。
一般提问方式如下：1) The word “ABC” in the passage probably means .2) The underlined word “ABC” in the passage refers to/means .3) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？4) The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ．5) The word "it（them）" in the first paragraph refers to ．这种题型要求对文章中的划线生词进行词义猜测。
这类题型不仅要求具备一定构词法，而且也要求对上下文具有比较全面的理解。
做词意猜测时，应注意划线生词后面的定语从句、同位语从句。
定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的词意。
另外，还要应注意生词后的标点符号，如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意。
有时，词意隐藏在全文或某一段中，这就需要把握文段的意境来加以透知该词的含义。
在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。
2017年新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案解析)
2017届新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。
考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in t he last paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
高考英语阅读理说明文的解题方法
高考英语阅读理解题中"说明文"的解题方法摭谈云南师范大学附属中学李春艳阅读理解是高考考查的重点.影响学生阅读理解能力除了语法,词汇,句型结构这些语言因素外，还有一些非语言知识的因素，如逻辑推理,评价判断能力,背景知识的多寡及阅读技巧等等.高考阅读理解中，说明文为主要体裁之一. 高考阅读理解题的设问主要围绕以下四方面：细节事实,主旨大意,推理判断,猜测词义.其中，说明文主要以细节事实,主旨大意和猜测词义三方面的问题为主。
一,词义猜测类题型阅读理解题中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思.历年英语高考题中均有此类题目.有的文章尽管没有专门设题，但由于文章中常常出现生词，因此，词义的猜测还是贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中.解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测.判断一个单词的意思不但离不开句子，而且还需要把句子放在上下文中，根据上下文提供的线索加以猜测.运用构词法,语境等推测关键词义，可以根据以下几种方法猜测：一）内在逻辑关系根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义。
1.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思.二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus（金星）,Mars（火星）,Jupiter（木星）均为生词，但只要知道planets 就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域.通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊,不漂亮的意思。
2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习：阅读理解-词句猜测题__“义”有“景”生莫忘记课件
图解技巧
2.利用语法关系猜测词义
经典感悟 ●【典例2】 [2021·全国甲卷阅读C]Southbank, at an eastern
bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe!__Safe!__Safe！” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
1.利用逻辑关系猜测词义
经典感悟 ●
【典例1】 [2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·C片段]When the explorers first set foot upon
2024年新高考英语一轮复习专题 21 阅读理解之词义猜测题(含答案解析)
专题21 阅读理解（词义猜测题）1.（2023·广东深圳·高三统考期末）On the outside, 12-year-old Luna seems like your average kid. It's not until you get to know her that you learn that Luna is anything but average.Bom with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrocardia, Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion. But when Luna was approached by athletic shoe company Saucony to design a shoe for sale across the country, it came as quite a surprise.“This is so incredible. I got to use my art and creativity for something new that I'd never thought I'd be able to design,“ Luna said. She is one of six patients from Boston Children's Hospital ( BCH) who have partnered with Saucony to design their own shoe to launch the Shoes with Soul campaign.“Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH,“ says Chris, Saucony's vice president. “Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world. ”Luna's design is fashion. u On the tongue ,they digitalized one of my drawings, and then on bottom it's a really bright pink color, and on the inside ,the sole of the shoe is actually another drawing I did of a sunset,“ she said. "Thinking about kids everywhere around the world wearing my shoe is amazing. It blows my mind.”The income from the shoe sales will benefit the Boston Children's Hospital Cardiac Fitness Program, which encourages kids to “find your possible" through personalized exercise programs tailored for each individual patient's heart condition.“It feels really good to help people and it's really something I can relate to,“ says Luna. “The advice I would give a kid or someone like me is never give up. There are a lot of kids out there with your condition and you're not alone.”1．What can we learn from Chris' words?A．It's unwise to raise money.B．It's optional to seek donations.C．It's wonderful to study art.D．It's necessary to show kids' talents.2．What does Luna mean by “It blows my mind" in paragraph 5?A．I'm overjoyed.B．['m very serious.C．My mind goes blank.D．My mind is racing.3．Which of the following best describes Luna?A．Gifted and determined.B．Generous and serious.C．Grateful and helpful.D．Creative and sensitive.4．What is the text mainly intended to do?A．Tell us a story of a disabled girl.B．Set a good example to the disabled.C．Launch Saucony's new brand shoes.D．Introduce a campaign with kid patients.【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。
英语阅读中的猜词技巧
英语阅读中的猜词技巧一、巧设语境，传授新知。
一说起猜词技巧，同学或多或少知道一些。
但是，在做题时他们还是不知所措。
归根结底，是因为他们只知道猜词的理论而缺乏施行。
猜词能力的培养是一个潜移默化的过程，所以我们要充分利用每一个机会，巧设语境，让同学在具体的施行中体会猜词的技巧，从而提升其猜词的能力。
例如，讲授新词汇时，不要先告诉同学该词汇的意思，而是利用同学所熟悉的其它词汇和句型构造一个语言环境，让他们在此语言环境中去推测新词的意思。
同学要想准确猜出词意，必须充分注意并综合例句中的其它信息，然后进行联想、推断。
这样一来，在培养同学猜词能力的同时，还激发了同学的学习兴趣，培养同学的动脑能力，也有效地复习了其它单词、短语或句型。
这样一举"四得'，何乐而不为呢?二、充分利用课本培养同学的猜词能力。
课本是同学学习的主要内容，充分利用课本会收到事倍功半的效果。
依据新教材的编排特点，各单元都有两篇阅读文章。
正确引导同学在课文的语言环境中理解和推测词意是培养同学猜词能力的有效途径之一。
三、强化针对性的实战学习。
课本上的文章和考试试卷上的文章还是有差别的。
为了让同学能适应考试的题型，在平常还要多进行针对性的学习。
高考试题的水平是很高的，做高考试题中的猜词题关于同学来说是一个很好的锻炼机会。
充分利用高考试卷，进行实战演练，总结得失，以便更好地掌握和运用猜词技巧。
2如何培养同学在英语阅读中的猜词能力一、阅读能力和猜词能力阅读理解能力是语言综合能力的一种，以阅读速度和阅读准确性两个方面为主要表现。
阅读速度细化为对词义的掌握、分辨词汇的能力、识别词语时的目光幅度及其他因素。
阅读的准确性是检验阅读能力的指标，是推断阅读能力凹凸的标准。
无论是阅读速度还是阅读准确性都受到词汇量的制衡。
但是在同等词汇量的状况下，猜词能力强的同学可以较为顺利的完成阅读任务。
反之不会猜词，碰到生词就习惯看单词表查字典的同学不能完成阅读理解。
高考英语：重难点3“阅读理解之说明文”真题分析
重难点03 阅读理解之说明文【命题趋势】最近五年，说明文的出现变化不大，一直很稳定，选材通常是各学科的前沿问题；高科技领域的科研成果；人们比较关心的社会问题；人文方面的经典。
由于阅读理解题的设置采用渐进式，即由简到难的方式，因此说明文是高考试卷中阅读理解题中相对比较难的，通常后置。
说明文的词汇和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。
词汇运用灵活，同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现，未列入考纲的生词较多，通常达到了4-5%。
不过考生可以通过说明文的语言特点来帮助理解语篇，例如，下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号（如破折号、冒号都有表示解释和说明）等。
【满分技巧】高考阅读理解中，说明文为主要体裁之一。
高考阅读理解题的设问主要围绕以下四方面：细节事实题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、猜测词义题。
其中，说明文主要以细节事实、主旨大意和猜测词义三方面问题为主。
一、词义猜测类题型阅读理解题中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思。
词义的猜测还是贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。
解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测。
判断一个单词的意思不但离不开句子，而且还需要把句子放在上下文中，根据上下文提供的线索加以猜测。
运用构词法,语境等推测关键词义，可以根据以下几种方法猜测：（一）内在逻辑关系根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义。
1.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词2.根据因果关系猜测词义3.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义4.通过句法功能来推测词义5.通过描述猜词（二）外部相关因素外部相关因素是指篇章（句子或段落）以外的其他知识，有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。
这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。
例如：The snakes lithered through the grass.根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出slither词义为＂爬行＂。
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高考英语阅读理解中猜测词意真题再体验1.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.解析：they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.孩子们喜欢把水果和冷冻的香蕉放到机器的顶部，看着冰激凌出来，因此此处a juicer是机器。
选择D2. Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.答案A,根据第一段第一句Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects我们成年人都清楚堆满很多物品是什么感受，接着设问Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? 表达了作者对more is more“越多越好”的态度。
紧接着下一句The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less好消息是我可以帮助我自己的孩子们比我更早地学会如何拥有得不多也能更好地生活，由此可知more is more是“越多越好”的意思。
而越多越好是后文作者驳斥反对的。
3. There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a_pipe_dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.30．What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean?A．A practical idea. B．A vain hope.C．A brilliant plan. D．A selfish desire.分析：根据连接词so可知上下文之间存在着因果关系，故我们需要从上文中寻找答案。
由上文中的“One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it ...”可知，尽管Orleans Reinette是很好的品种，但是对各项条件的要求很高，因此大多数喜欢它的人种植它的希望会落空。
故选择B项。
4. This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings intobasements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.63．The underlined word “hoist”in Paragraph 4 means “________”．A．change B．liftC．repair D．decorate分析：根据下文“Small woodframe buildings could be lifted fairly easily.”可知hoist与lift同义，故正确答案为B项。
5. Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,_ one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.65．What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．Countries where their people need help.B．Powerful states with higher civilization.C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D．Governments ruled with absolute power.分析：根据后面的同位语“one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses”我们不难得知选项D与其意义一致，即“专政，暴君统治”。
6. The objects around you are visible because they interact with light .Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light，bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light，stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it，so you can see it easily.The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ________．A．silently B．graduallyC．regularly D．completely参考答案D【解析】词义猜测题。
本题属于猜测熟词的新义。
由本段可知，我们能看到物体一类是因为它们减慢了光速和对光进行了散射，使其改变了原来的路线，而另外一类是因为它们对光线的吸收。
既然吸收了，那么在光的传播过程中就被完全阻止了，因此这里dead意为“完全地”，故选D。
7. My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my bir thday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.Fortunately，I didn’t get any channels showing all night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?_______A．ended all their programsB．provided fewer channelsC．changed to commercialsD．showed allnight movies【解析】答案A词义猜测题。