计算机导论答案

Computing Essentials 2008练习答案Chapter 1: Information Technology, The Internet, and YouCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer1 The most essential part of an information system. People7 Coordinates computer resources. Operating System10 Modifies signals for processing. Modem12 Data that has been processed by the computer. Information13 Unprocessed facts. Data14 Notebook computer that accepts handwritten input.. Tablet PCDownNum. Clue Answer2 Uses computers to become more productive. End User3 Rules or guidelines to follow when using software, hardware, and data. Procedures4 Created by word processors. Document Files5 Specialized programs that allow input and output devices to communicate. Device Drivers6 Created by database management programs. Database Files8 The physical equipment of a microcomputer. Hardware9 The world’s largest computer network. Internet13 Provides step-by-step instructions to the computer. SoftwareNum Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 B E2 B F3 A I4 B H5 D A6 D C7 A G8 C B9 D D10 D JChapter 2: The Internet, The Web, and Electronic CommerceCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer2 Provide users a connection to the Internet. ISP3 Unwelcome e-mail. Spam5 Explore the Web. Surf7 Internet uploading and downloading service. FTP8 Steals credit card information. Carder9 A file, such as a document or worksheet, that is attached to an e-mail message. Attachment10 Involves the sale of a product to another business. B2B13 Connection to Web resources. Link15 Process of transferring information from a remote computer to the computer one is using. DownloadDownNum. Clue Answer1 The sites that a search engine returns after running a keyword search. Hits4 Special program written in Java. Applet5 Locates information online. Search Engine6 Location of Web resource. URL11 Program that provides access to Web Browser12 Used to block certain sites. Filter14 Provides high-speed connection using existing telephone lines. DSL Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 d i2 a d3 c g4 c e5 a f6 a c8 a j9 d a10 b bChapter 3: Basic Application SoftwareCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer4 Rectangular area that contains messages. Window5 System to organize and retrieve data. DBMS8 Collection of individual applications. Software Suite10 Rearrange records using a field. Sort11 Formed by intersection of row and column. Cell14 Collection of related data. Database16 Flyer, report, newsletter, Web page. Document17 These make up a presentation. Slides18 Question or request for data in a database. QueryDownNum. Clue Answer1 List of commands. Menu2 Rectangular grid of rows and columns used in programs like Excel. Worksheet3 Has records and fields. Table6 Controls format and placement of slides. Master Slide7 Requests user input. Dialog Box9 Moves insertion point to next line. Word Wrap12 Series of cells. Range13 A vertical block of cells one cell wide. Column15 Contain buttons and menus. ToolbarsNum Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 D J2 D A3 B C4 D H6 A D7 B I8 B E9 C G10 D FChapter 4: Specialized Application SoftwareCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer2 Used to create real-time 3-D animation. VRML4 Design tool used to plan multimedia presentations. Story Board6 Editing software used to create MP3s. ACID8 A type of personal Web site where articles are regularly posted. BLog9 Creating a site. Web authoring10 Representation of overall site design. Graphical map13 Image recorded as a collection of objects. Vector image15 Widely used type of Web animation. FlashDownNum. Clue Answer1 Composed of thousands of pixels. Bitmap image3 Special effect that blends images together. Morphing5 User participation. Interactivity7 Allows responses like “OK” and “Great!” Fuzzy Logic11 Dots that make up an image. Pixels12 Connection between pages in a multimedia presentation. Link14 Attempt to develop computers that mimic human senses. AINum Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 A I2 A G3 A D4 B E5 A C6 B F7 C H9 A J10 B AChapter 5: System SoftwareCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer5 Program that makes copies of files in case of damage or loss. Backup6 Boot that occurs when the computer is already on. Warm boot8 Combination of several utility programs in one package. Utility Suite9 Allows communication between devices and the operating system. Driver11 Concentric rings on a disk. Tracks12 Used to control and coordinate networked computers. NOSDownNum. Clue Answer1 Location to store related files. Folder2 Computer that coordinates all communication between other computers. Network server3 Uses graphical elements to communicate with the operating system. GUI4 Broken-up file stored in different sectors. Fragmented5 Starting or restarting a computer. Booting7 Operating system with over 80 percent of the market. Windows10 Graphic objects on the desktop used to represent programs and other files. IconsNum Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 C J2 D D3 C F4 A B5 A G6 C H7 B A9 A I10 C CChapter 6: The System UnitCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer6 Assists with the installation of expansion cards. Plug and Play8 Memory which improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between memory and the CPU. Cache10 Controls the speed of operations. System ClockDownNum. Clue Answer1 Part of a microcomputer that contains the CPU. System Unit2 Controls and manipulates data to produce information. Microprocessor3 The number of bits that can be accessed by the microprocessor at one time. Word4 Holding area for data, instructions, and information. Memory5 Used to connect external devices to system unit via ports. Cable7 Unit consisting of eight bits. Byte9 Most widely used microprocessor binary coding scheme. ASCIINum Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 D J2 B A3 C C4 B H5 B G6 A I7 A D8 C E9 B F10 C BChapter 7: Input and OutputCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer6 Used to grade multiple choice exams. OMR9 Specialized digital camera that broadcasts images over the Internet. WebCam10 Records images digitally on a disk. Digital camera13 Most popular input device used for computer games. Joystick14 Delivers much clearer picture than regular TV. HDTV16 Resolution is expressed as a matrix of these dots. Pixel17 Keyboard that rolls up for storage and transport. FlexibleDownNum. Clue Answer1 The distance between each pixel. Dot pitch2 Most commonly used way to input data. Keyboard3 Button rotated to scroll through information displayed on the monitor. Wheel Button4 Most widely used type of mouse. Mechanical5 Type of terminal that does no processing. Dumb7 Number of times a screen is redrawn each second. Refresh rate8 Measure of resolution. dpi11 Keys that turn features on and off. Toggle12 Translates processed information into hard copy. Printer15 Bar code system used in supermarkets. UPCNum Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 A I2 B E3 A F4 B J5 D A6 A B7 D G8 C D9 D C10 B HChapter 8: Secondary StorageCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer5 Improves hard-disk performance by anticipating data needs. Disk caching6 Web-based storage. Internet drive7 Invisible wedge-shaped division of a track. Sector8 Portable and removable storage device. Floppy10 Runs through each track of a stack of platters. Cylinder11 How tightly the bits can be packed next to each other. DensityDownNum. Clue Answer1 Ring of concentric circles without visible grooves. Track2 Grouped disk drives treated as one hard disk by the computer system. RAID3 Measures the amount of time required to retrieve data. Access time4 Represent 1s and 0s. Pits and lands9 Disk with 500 times the storage as a standard floppy. ZipNum Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 A G2 A A3 C J4 A I5 C D6 A B7 C H8 D C9 D F10 C EChapter 9: Communications and NetworksCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer5 Interprets and routs incoming radio frequencies. Base station7 Continuous electronic waves. Analog9 Configuration of a network. topology10 Network interface card. NIC11 Transfer speed or transfer rate. bps12 Short range wireless communication standard. bluetooth14 Measurement of the width of the communication channel. bandwidth DownNum. Clue Answer1 Node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes. client2 Each device in the network handles its own communications. Bus network3 Device that allows links between LANs. Network gateway4 Process that converts digital to analog. modulation6 Pieces of a message sent over the Internet. packets8 Global positioning system. GPS13 Any device that is connected to a network. node15 Uses existing telephone lines to provide high-speed connections. DSL16 Central node for other nodes. hubNum Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 C G2 B B3 A A4 D I5 C H6 D E7 B C8 B J9 D D10 D FChapter 10: Privacy and SecurityCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer3 Malicious software Malware6 Program that records keystrokes and activities Keystroke logger7 Used to record virtually everything done on a computer Snoopware8 Those who gain access to systems for the fun and challenge Hacker9 Includes the locations of sites visited by your browser History file DownNum. Clue Answer1 Programs that record information on Web site visitors. Cookie2 Device that separates the computer from the power source. Surge protector4 Study of human factors related to the things people use. Ergonomics5 Those who gain access to systems for malicious purposes Cracker Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 A G2 A H3 D F4 B A5 B B6 C C7 D J8 C D9 B I10 D EChapter 11: Information SystemsCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer3 Level of management concerned with strategic planning. Top5 Identifies, investigates, and develops new products and services. Research9 Report produced upon request. Demand10 Someone who makes decisions in a DSS. User11 Model that helps middle-level managers in long-range planning. Tactical12 Information worker involved in the creation of information. Knowledge worker14 Concerned with calculating employee paychecks. Payroll16 Specialized information system that knowledge workers use. KWS17 Keeps track of summaries of all foregoing transactions. General ledger DownNum. Clue Answer1 The buying of materials and services. Purchasing2 Plans, prices, promotes, sells, and distributes goods and services. Marketing4 Form that shows supply and order information. Purchase order6 Report that calls attention to unusual events. Exception7 Help top-level managers oversee operations and develop plans. ESS8 Information worker that distributes information. Data worker13 Use data from TPS to support middle managers. MIS15 Level of management concerned with decision making. MiddleNum Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 B H2 B J3 A F4 D D5 D G6 A B7 C A8 C C9 C I10 B EChapter 12: DatabasesCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer1 Used to control access to internal networks. Firewall3 Items that contain both data and instructions to manipulate the data. Objects6 Proprietary database. Data bank7 Type of processing where data collected over time is processed at one time. Batch8 Facts or observations about people, places, things, and events. Data13 Data captured or saved using a microphone. Audio16 Multiple files on the same subject or person. Data redundancy17 Points connected like the branches of a tree. NodesDownNum. Clue Answer2 Type of database available over the Web. Web4 Similar objects grouped together. Classes5 A collection of related fields. Record6 Problems that occur when one or more files are overlooked. Data integrity9 Uniquely identifies each record. Primary field10 Technique used to search databases for information and patterns. Data mining11 Focuses on the meaning and content of the data. Logical view12 Distinctive field in each record of a database. Key Field14 Descriptions of how data is to be manipulated. Methods15 Person, place, thing, or object. EntityNum Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 D E2 B C3 B D4 C I5 A B6 C A7 D H8 A G9 A J10 A FChapter 13: Systems Analysis and DesignCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer3 Systems implementation Conversion8 Collection of activities and elements organized to accomplish a goal. System9 Build a model that can be modified before the system is installed. Prototyping10 Automated design tool. CASE12 Approach where new system is tried in only one part of an organization. Pilot14 Shows levels of management and formal lines of authority. Organization chart15 List of questions. ChecklistDownNum. Clue Answer1 1st step in the design phase. Feasibility2 Study an organization’s systems. Systems analysis4 System’s performance is compared to the original specifications. System audit5 Approach where new system is implemented slowly over time. Phased6 Conversion done by abandoning old system and starting the new. Direct approach7 Diagram that shows the information flow within an organization. Data flow11 Shows the relationship between input and output documents. Grid chart12 Old and new systems are operated side by side. Parallel13 The most commonly overlooked activity in the implementation phase. TrainingNum Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 A G2 D H3 A F4 C D5 D C6 D A7 A B8 D I9 A J10 C EChapter 14: Programming and LanguagesCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer1 Writing a program. Coding6 A list of instructions for the computer to follow. Program9 Represent the steps needed to solve a programming problem. Program flowchart10 Programmer that ensures current programs remain error free. Maintenance12 The problem a user is trying to solve. Objective13 Structure that describes a process that may be repeated while a condition is true. Loop14 Testing and then eliminating errors. Debugging15 Tools that provide some automation in program design, coding, and testing. CASEDownNum. Clue Answer1 Converts procedural language into machine language code. Compiler2 Error that is a violation of the rules of a programming language. Syntax3 The final step in testing a program. Beta testing4 Software engineer. Programmer5 Sequence, selection, and loop. Logic structure7 Processing steps used in top-down program design. Module8 Error that occurs when an incorrect calculation is used. Logic9 Outline of the logic of the program you will write. Pseudocode11 Process by which a program is organized into objects. OOPNum Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 A I2 B H3 C G4 B J5 C D6 B B7 B C8 C E9 D F10 B AChapter 15: Your Future and Information TechnologyCrossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer4 Inputs customer information and other data. Data entry worker6 Repairs and installs computer components and systems. Computer Technician8 Acting in anticipation of future problems, needs, or changes. Proactive9 Develops and maintains Web sites. Webmaster10 Plans and designs information systems. System analyst11 Prepares instruction manuals and technical reports. Technical writer12 Designs, tests, and researches encryption procedures. Cryptographer DownNum. Clue Answer1 Person that is unfamiliar with computers. Na?ve2 Creates, tests, and troubleshoots computer programs. Programmer3 Person that feels learning about computers is an imposition. Frustrated4 Creates and formats publication-ready material. Desktop publisher5 Instructs users on the latest software and hardware. Computer trainer 7 Person that feels the idea of using a microcomputer is overrated. Cynic Num Multiple Choice Answers Matching Answers1 D D2 B J3 A H4 D A5 C E6 D I7 C B8 A G9 D C10 B F。