英语词汇学的论文怎 么写

英语词汇学的论文怎么写？英语词汇学习在英语词汇学习过程中，学习者要遵循第二语言习得的规律，掌握并灵活运用多种词汇学习策略。

可分为词汇表策略、语境策略、精加工策略、语义场策略。

一．词汇表策略（Word list strategy ）词汇表策略一般为：一列是按字母顺序排列的英语单词，另一列是这些单词的汉语意思（等值词、同义词或近义词）。

有些学者认为，通过词汇表策略能够迅速且有效地学会大量的词汇。

然而，Gaims 和 Redman 却指出，通过词汇表记忆词汇会阻碍对所记词汇进行充分地处理和系统地组织，因此就失去了有效的长时记忆的基础。

语言大师桂诗春教授也认为，词汇表策略既费时又费力，徒劳无功，因为这种做法不仅把外语的词语和母语的词语等同起来，而且把它从语言和语境中孤立出来。

二．语境策略（ Context strategy ）语境策略就是学习者通过上下文语言环境所提供的信息对出现在语境中的生词进行猜测，从而习得这个单词。

语境策略是目前比较流行的词汇学习策略之一，它不仅仅可以扩大词汇量，而且可以让学生了解有关目的语的文化知识。

但是，Channell ( Carter &McCarthy ,1988:89 ) 认为，音节认知和重音认知对学习者理解词汇起着非常重要的作用。

为了更好地理解词汇，学习新单词的方法应使学习者准确地内化和吸收新单词：即学会单个音标的发音、了解音节数、掌握重音位置。

从这一方面来看，运用语境策略学习词汇不能算是一个很好的方法。

三．精加工策略（ Elaborative strategy ）精加工策略是指通过对学习材料进行深入细致的分析、加工，理解其内在的深层意义并促进记忆的一种策略。

皮连生（1998）在《学与教的心理学》一书中也曾提到：“精细加工策略”（同“精加工策略”）指对学习材料作精细的加工活动，即通过在要记忆的材料上增加相关的信息来达到对新的材料记忆的学习方法。

如对材料补充细节、举出例子、作出推论或使之与其它观念形成联想等，旨在为知识的检索提取提供新的途径，为知识的构建提供额外的信息。

精加工策略的关键是将学习者头脑中已有的经验与要学习的词汇联系起来，充分利用已有的经验对要学习的词进行深水平的加工，使其合理化、富有意义，进而达到理解、记忆的目的。

学习者已经掌握的熟悉的母语知识或外语知识、头脑中生动鲜明的形象以及其他多种相关的知识经验等都可以作为已有的经验加以利用。

最常用的精加工策略是联想。

联想又可以分为：词缀联想、对比联想、关系联想、接近联想、相似联想等。

心理学认为，联想反映了客观事物之间的联系。

它在促进人的记忆、想象、思维等心理活动中占有重要的地位。

在运用联想学习词汇时，通过串联归类，纵横联系，辨析分解，在脑际建立相互依存的知识结构，从而战胜遗忘，增强记忆。

例如：词缀联想。

在学习词缀 -tion时，学习者可以联想-tion构成的词汇：corporation , administration , competition , congratulation , description 等。

通过词缀联想，学习者可以学一个会一串，迅速地扩大词汇量。

Krashen 在“输入假设”( input hypothesis ) 中也提到：只有接受可理解性输入（ comprehensible input ），语言习得才会产生。

精加工策略，可以建立形象与词汇之间的联系，使抽象的材料具体化，使学习者要记忆的目标词转化为可理解性输入，这一信息加工过程遵循了 Krashen 的“输入假设”，是一种行之有效的英语词汇学习策略。

四．语义场策略（ Semantic field strategy ）语义场理论是德国学者 J.Tries （引自伍谦光，1995：94）最先提出来的。

这个理论的核心就是探讨词所表达的类概念与词表达的种概念之间的关系。

根据这个理论，词可以在一个共同概念的支配下结合在一起形成一个语义场。

例如：“house”这个概念下，就有一个如下的语义场。

在英语词汇学习过程中，学习者要遵循第二语言习得的规律，掌握并灵活运用多种词汇学习策略。

可分为词汇表策略、语境策略、精加工策略、语义场策略。

sample 1: 题目: English Vocabulary Learning Strategies (英语词汇学习策略) The mathematician... 题目: experience of learning vocabulary and grammar (英语词汇及语法的学习经验) I could say what... >>2个相似问题BorrowingNearly every nation in the word can find its own language in English. For instant Chinese can find taiji inEnglish Japanese can find tatami in English while French can find bon voyage in English.As summed up in the Encyclopedia Americana “ the English language has vast debts. In any dictionary some 80% of the entries are borrowed. The majority is likely to come from Latin and of those more than half will come through French. A considerable number will derive directly or indirectly from Greek. A substantial contribution will come from Scandinavian languages and a small percentage will be from various sour ces around the globe.”In fact besides borrowing there are many other processes which are related to the words or expressions creation such as compound derivation invention blending abbreviation and analogical creation. Compared with others one can see clearly that borrowing is the most direct and convenient one. There is no need to have a further explanation. What’s more borrowing had played the most active role in word formation. There are many factors accounting for this I will develop it in two aspects. First in the historical perspective this is the dominant factor.British history has been a history of invasion. In 43 AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire. As a sequence a considerable number of Latin words were introduced into the English vocabulary: bargain cheap inch pound cup dish wall wine etc. The English language continued to adopt words from Latin during the old English period especially after the introduction of Christianity into the Britain in 597. It is natural that most of the Latin words borrowed at that time were related to religion. For instant candle discipline hymn pope temple ect.Then the Anglo-Saxon began to settle in Britain in the 5th century. As they were the Germanic origin they brought along a batch of Germany words such as bismuth cobalt nickel and zinc.Two more group of invaders were to come after the English: from the 8th century on raiders from Scandinavia the ferocious Vikings threatened Britain’s shore. The Scandinavian language was also called Old Norse such as are they till call die givetake skin window ill weak etc.The next invaders were the Normans from the northern France. Since theFrench-speaking Normans were the ruling class French was used for all state affairs and for most social and cultural matters. So the French loan words were found in every section of the vocabulary: law and governmental administration (judge jury justice parliament state…); military affairs (conquer sergeant victory…); religion (baptism confess divine sermon…); literature (chapter poet prose time…); food (beef mutton pork…); science (medicine remedy surgeon…).Then in the years between 1500 and 1700 the renaissance brought great changes to the vocabulary. In this period the study of classics were stressed and the result were the large scale borrowing from Latin.From the 16th century onwards English borrowed words from an increasing number of language the major ones being French Spanish and Italian. From French attaché charge d’affairs and café. From Italian borrowings were particularly do minant in the fields of music art and architecture examples are: concert piano solo tenor model and bust. From Spanish came arcade cargo vanilla co coca and cigar. English also borrowed words from other European languages. Portuguese contributed caste and pagoda. And from Dutch dock freight and keel; from Russian vodka ruble and tsar. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of exploration colonization and trade many words came in from non-European language. Some examples are: boomerang kangaroo and dingo from Australian; sugar sultan and alcohol from Arabic coolie cashmere and khakc from Indian; Yemen and loquat from Chinese.In a word in the course of its historical development English has borrowed words from almost every known language.Second in the world development perspective. The development of science and rapid changes in society have pricked up the cultural integration between different nations. As a result English was great influenced by other cultures and languages. New words like cosmonaut and discotheque are loan words. Other examples are ombudsman from Swedish; sputnik a Russian word meaning” man made satellite”; apartheid was first used in south Africa in 1949to mean “racial segregation”; Mao tai from Chinese autostrade from Italian and autopista from Spanish.In the course of borrowing three languages took the important role in English vocabulary. They are French Latin and Greek. In lexicology new words formed from elements derived from these three languages being called neoclassical formation. In the 19th century it was a kind of linguistic snobbery to use neoclassical formation order to add dignity and seriousness to a new word. That is understandable. As the Latin loan words were mostly connected with science and abstract ideas. For instance chemist function scientific vacuum irony appropriate etc. Greek borrowings were mostly literary technical and scientific words. For instance drama comedy tragedy lexicon criterion botany and physics. While French as it was once a language used by the ruling class. It was more formal. In the history French was once been a standard language for Britain called “the king’s English”. The following are some examples: Native French LatinAsk question interrogateFast firm secureFear terror trepidationHoly scared consecratedRise mount ascendtime age epochHowever today neoclassical formation has been accepted by the common people and played an important role in word formation.Borrowing can be done directly or indirectly. For instant the word feast was borrowed directly from the middle French festa and the word algebra was borrowed indirectly from Arabic through Spanish. And in linguistics experts have advanced four types of borrowing.The first is loanword. In this process both form and meaning are borrowed while the phonological system of the new word has change. For instance English borrowed merci bonjour coup d’etat from French in French they are pronounced as [ ] [ ] [ ] respectively while in English they are pronounced as [ ][ ][ ].The second one is loanblend. It is a process in which part of the form is native and part of form is borrowed but the meaning is fully borrowed. In English the first parts of the words coconut and Chinatown came from Spanish and Chinese respectively but the second parts are of English origin.The third one is loanshift. In this process the form is native while the meaning is borrowed. In this process the form is native while the meaning is borrowed. For instance bridge is a native word when it refers to a type of card game; the meaning was borrowed from the Italian Ponte.The last one is loan translation. It is quite different from the former three. In this process each morpheme or word is translated in the equivalent morpheme or word in another language. For instance the Latin word omnipotence is literal translated into almighty. Not only a word can be translated in this way but also a phrase even a short sentence. The English expression free verse was translated from Latin’s verse Libra. The Chinese saying” 一燕难成夏“ was translated as” one swallow does not make a summer.”Although the loanwords have taken a large scale in the English vocabulary the bulk of words spoken and written by English-speaking people are native words. As it was written in the Encyclopedia Americana the nine most frequently used being and be have it of the to will and you.” It is not strange if one learned that the great majority of the basic word stocks are native word. Then it is natural that they become the ones used most frequently in every speech and writing. However borrowing words still plays an incomparable important role in the vocabulary. They greatly enriched the vocabulary and make the language flexible and resourceful.。