专题10 动词的被动语态

专题十动词的被动语态

网络知识清单

主动语态

被动语态

动词的语态主动形式表被动意义

被动形式表主动意义

常考点清单一被动语态的构成及用法

一、被动语态的构成

1.被动语态的基本结构为：be + 动词的过去分词

2.各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）：

时态主动语态被动语态

例句

主动语态被动语态

一般现在时do/does am/is/are + done We clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned by

us.

一般过去时did was/were + done He made the kite. The kite was made by him.

现在进行时am/is/are + doing am/is/are +being done She is watering flowers. Flowers are being watered

by her.

现在完成时have/has + done have/has + been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished

by Jim.

一般将来时will/shall/be going

to + do

will/shall/be going to

+be done

They will plant trees

tomorrow.

Trees will be planted by

them tomorrow.

过去进行时was/were + doing was/were + being done She was writing a letter

this time yesterday.

A letter was being written

by her this time yesterday.

过去完成时had + done had + been done Jim had finished the

work.

The work had been finished

by Jim.

过去将来时would/should/be

going to + do

would/should/be going

to + be done

He said he would make a

kite.

He said a kite would be

made by him.

含有情态动

词can/may/must + do

can/may/must + be

done

I can find him. He can be found by me.

二、被动语态的用法

在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况：

1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：

This watch is made in China.

2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如：

More trees must be planted every year.

3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：

Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.

4. 句子的主语不是人。如：

Many houses were washed away by the flood.

常考点清单二主动鱼台和被动语态的转换

一、主动语态变为被动语态

1. 要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语时人称代词，要将宾语变成主语。

2. 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。

3. 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。

主语语态：动作执行者+ 谓语动词主动形式+ 动作承受者

被动语态：动作承受者+ 谓语动词被动形式+ 动作执行者

如：

We asked him to sing an English song. (变为被动语态)

He was asked to sing an English song by us.

二、带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态

谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化为主语，也可以将直接宾语转化为主语。若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如：She gave me a book. （变为被动语态）→

I was given a book by her. （间接宾语me改为了主语）

A book was given to me by her. （直接宾语a book改为了主语）

三、动词短语变为被动语态

许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。如：

We should speak to old men politely. （变为被动语态）

Old men should be spoken to politely. （to不可省略）

四、带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态

宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。如：

I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. （变为被动语态）

Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.

五、变被动语态后动词形式的选择

主动句中在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等，及使役动词let, make, have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。如：

He makes the girl stay at home. (变为被动语态)→

The girl is made to stay at home by him.

易混点清单

一、主动结构表被动意义

1. open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。如：

This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。

This kind of shirt sells well here. 这种样式的衬衫在这卖得很好。

2. look, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如：

Uniforms look ugly on us. 我们穿着制服很难看。

Moon cakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很好吃。

3. be worth doing用主动表被动意义。如：

This book is worth reading. 这本书值得读一读。

4. “want/need/require + doing”相当于“want/need/require + to be done”。to be done表示不定式的被动结构。如：My bike needs repairing.

= My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理。

二、不用被动语态的情况

1. 主动句的宾语时each other或反身代词时，不能用于被动语态。如：

The man introduced himself as Mr. White. (主动语态)那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。

Himself was introduced as Mr. White.（误）

They help each other study English.（主动语态）他们互相帮助学习英语。

Each other is helped study English. （误）

2. 当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。如：

We’ll have a meeting. （主动语态）我们将要开一个会。

A meeting will be had by us. （误）

3. 主动句的宾语时不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态中的主语。如：

My brother enjoys watching TV. (主动语态)我弟弟喜欢看电视。