高二英语第二讲现在分词作状语和状语从句

by John Wang高二(上)秋季班精品课程Lecture 2 现在分词作状语和状语从句（B ）Part I 语法精讲(B)( 新世纪：现在分词作状语 + 牛津Unit 1，让步状语从句)1. 现在分词状语种类以及和状语从句的转化现在分词作结果状语 相关动词形式或句子形式 There was mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel.There was mud and water everywhere, which made it difficult to travel.There was mud and water everywhere, and that made it difficult to travel. There was mud and water everywhere, so it made it difficult to travel. 现在分词作伴随状语 相关动词形式或句子形式 Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way. “, making ”是非常典型的分词作结果状语形式，making 的逻辑主语可以是前面的整个内容，又如： He comes home late every evening, making (= which makes) his wife very angry. European football is played in more than80countries, making (= which makes) it one of the most popular games in the world. (NMET1998全国) “, thus doing ”也很经典哦！Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. “, leaving ”也要注意： Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after. More and more people arepracticing Yuga nowadays, taking advantage of its relaxing effect. 伴随状语强调分词的动作和谓语动词动作的共时性，起着补充说明的作用，相当于一个并列分句或并列谓语，但比后者简洁、明快。

又如： ①All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. = All night long he lay awake, and thought … ②The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.＝... and added that he had enjoyed his stay here.注意现在分词作让步状语让步状语从句Winning the 1st prize, he still remained modest.Though he had won the 1st prize, he still remained modest.Though winning the 1st prize, he still remained modest.注意分词作让步状语的时候，分词前可以加上表示让步的从属连词，如although, though等，使得条件关系更为明确。

如：Although admitting that he had made a mistake, he still could not avoid being punished.2. 现在分词作状语的注意点1) 分词的逻辑主语是主结构的主语。

逻辑上的主谓关系，主动，现在分词He went to her, whispering the news to her.主谓关系2) 分词有自己独立的逻辑主语-- 独立主格结构。

主结构的主谓结构Weather permitting, we will go and visit the zoo.分词有自己的逻辑主语，合起来叫做独立主格结构独立主格结构里的分词形式，根据它与逻辑主语的关系，选用现在分词或过去分词；独立主格结构都可以用with引导，有时用without。

The teacher came into the office, (with) several boys following him.The work done, they went home. (和逻辑主语为被动关系)Mother being ill, I have to stay home. (adj., n., prep.的分词形式是前面加being)There being no buses, we had to walk home. (there be结构的独立主格结构)He slipped into the meeting room, without anybody seeing him.3) 分词状语和主结构之间是不能用并列连词（如and, but, or, so等）来连接的，因为分词状语不是句子的并列谓语。

但是分词状语前可以加上一些从属连词，这是为了加强分词状语的逻辑关系。

(While) Walking, and they noticed a bird lying on the road.4) 以分词形式体现的独立成分，无需考虑逻辑主语，例如：considering / given 考虑到generally speaking 一般来说judging from / by 从...来判断personally speaking 就个人来说simply put 简言之speaking of 说到，谈及3. 让步状语和让步状语从句1) 让步状语和让步状语从句连接词一览表2) while的用法Part II 语法精练(A) 根据语法规则，完成下列句子1. It seemed only seconds ___ the policemen rushed into the building and seized the terrorists.2. _____ (watch, eat), the girl felt uneasy.3. You mustn’t always smoke your head off _____ you will take the risk of catching lung cancer.4. ____ (bring) up in the country, Jimmy wasn’t u sed to living with his parents in Shanghai.5. She grew up ___ she was born and in 2002 she came to Shanghai.6. We refused our partner’s tempting offer, not wanting ____ (place) at a disadvantage.7. A person ____ (learn) a foreign language must use it ____ (forget) all his own.8. The teacher stood there, ____ (surround) by the students.9. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when ___ (see) alone.10. At last, the boys found themselves in a park with trees ______ (provide) shade and ____ (sit) down to eat their picnic lunch.11. The jar fell to the ground, ____ (break) to pieces.12. Once ______ (hear), the song can never be forgotten.13. She left him, ____ (determine) never ___ (set) foot in that house again.14. We sent a letter to his parents ____ (hope) to get in touch with him.15. The police searched the whole building, ____ (wonder) where the thief was hidden.16. Though ____ (give) more attention, my pronunciation hasn’t improved.17. I won’t go to the lecture unless ____ (invite).18. Boxers at first wore only soft strips of leather around their fingers, ____ (leave) the thumb free.19. When ____ (complete), the power station will supply power to nine-tenths of the city’s homes.20. Though ____ (admit) that he had made a mistake, he still could not avoid being punished.21. He went up to the boy, ______ (pat) him on the shoulder, and took him away.22. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketball, _____ (think) that all children like these thing.23. "You can't catch me!" Janet shouted, _____ (run) away.24. _____ (face) a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.25. When _____ (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.26. _____ both share some similarities they are stylistically very different.27. I will make this radio work _____ I have to stay up all night.28. ___ ______ _____ you go in life or how old you get, there's always something new ____ (learn) about. After all, life is full of surprises.29. The bad weather lasted for ten days, thus _____ (delay) the start of the scheduled project.30. ____ his poor dressing, he has something inside him that attracts his friends.31. But later, people developed a way of printing, _____ (use) rocks.32. ______ (use) your head, you’ll find a good way.33. ______ (turn) to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.34. Mary failed all her exams, _____ (make) both her parents very angry.35. The song is sung all over the country, ________ (make) it the most popular song36. The child slipped and fell, ______ (hit) his head against the door.37. She threw the toy on the ground, _______ (break) it into pieces.38. Don't you sit there ______ (do) nothing.39. ______ working so hard, he failed again.40. The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, _____ (cut) the branch.(B) 状语短语和(状语)从句互变练习1. When she saw the jewels, she jumped with the joy.2. Having nothing to do, the young man went out to play.3. As he was seriously ill, he went home.4. Not knowing her telephone number, I couldn’t ring her up.5. I learned a lot while I worked in the countryside.6. Before handing in the test paper, our monitor has checked the answers.7. As he didn’t know what to do, he asked me for help.8. Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the united states.9. If you listen to the expert, you will certainly succeed.10. When staying in Yunnan, I made several friends there.(C) 独立主格结构和句子的互变练习1. As she was very weak, I had to look after her.2. He felt uneasy with the whole class staring at him.3. When the test was finished, we began our holiday.4. With Tom away, we have got more room.5. As there was nothing interesting in the lecture, we left the meeting.6. It being spring, many kinds of flowers come out.7. When night was falling, we hurried home.8. With everything well arranged, he left his office.9. As the storm had destroyed their hut, they had to live in a cave.10. There being no bus or taxi, we had to walk back into the hotel.Part III 词汇训练1. He often puts away some spare money _____ unexpected need.2. The food offered at the food stand with a strong local ____ is well received by the tourists.3. We had to turn the table ____ to get it into the room, as it was too large.4. I found that I needed some time off from education to _____ life, so I took a trip to Tibet during the summer vacation, and that was really wonderful.5. Pandas as a present can send the warmest greetings from their masters, which _____ China.6. The meeting will turn out a great ____ if all these programs are well discussed.7. In time of economic depression, many businesses are cutting back by employing lower-paid _____ workers.8. A pregnant woman was reported _____ a deadly virus after eating some meat of a wild animal, which was the beginning of the outburst of Ebola.9. A foreign language cannot be learned rapidly; it must be learned _____.10. Jane is willing to be a friend of whoever can ______ the same interests ____ her.11. I have no ambitions _____ to have a happy life and be free.12. The goods _____ on net last week has not arrived yet.13. Too often we try to _____ our children _____ something they do not wish to be, for which our education system is to be blamed.14. The problem appeared to be difficult at the beginning, but we _____ to settle it in the end.15. In order to ______, the school sent us abroad in the summer vacation acquainting us with some of the educational progress made there.Part IV 综合演练1. Grammar (选自闸北区2014届一模卷)(A)Roald Dahl, the famous children’s book writer, was born to Harold and Sofie Dahl on 13 September 1916. He was named (25) ______ the explorer, Roald Amundsen, their national hero in Norway of that time. P.F. ProductionsIn 1920, when Dahl was four, his father died at the age of fifty seven. Instead of (26) ______(move) back to Norway to live with her relatives, his mother decided to remain in Britain. It had been her husband’s wish to have their children (27) ______ (educate) in the best school in the world.At the age of eight, Dahl and four of his friends (28) ______ (beat) by the headmaster after playing a practical joke on a candy store owner. Throughout his childhood, Dahl was sent to several boarding schools. He wrote to his mother almost every day （29）______ ______ homesickness. On (30) ______ day when she died, he realized that she had saved every single one of his letters.Young Dahl used to dream of inventing a chocolate bar （31）______ would win the praise of the owner of the chocolate company, Cadbury. This later became the inspiration for the (32) ______ (hot) of all his books -Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. It was the book that finally brought him world fame.(B)To many Singaporeans, Mr. Lee Kong Chian is a familiar name. Popularly known as the “Rubber and Pineapple King”, he was a person who had donated generously to the society by pouring his wealth into charity work. Knowing (33) ______ education means to a person, he devoted a lot of energy and money to (34) ______ (build) schools. He was particularly concerned with the less fortunate as he could relate himself to them.Although Lee’s father knew Lee (35) ______ receive education, his father wasn’t able to afford to send him to school. However, his father’s friends helped him pay for his education. Having left school as an honour student, he went to work in the field of rubber and pineapple (36)______ he set up his own business later. Thanks to the golden timing then, he had hardly got familiar with the dealings in the field (37)_____ he enjoyed great success. His wealth rose rapidly and before long he became a millionaire.(38)______ wealthy he was, he never forgot his humble beginnings and was always ready (39)______(help). Since 1952 till today, the Lee Foundation which he founded (40) ______ (donate) three hundred million dollars to various causes with no conditions attached. His generosity has provided relief to the poor of all races.2. 简答题（闵行区2014届一模试卷选）Directions:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ d esire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental repu tation was not good enough.Harry Morrison, chief executive of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon emission (排放) has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to convey clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted the standard, they can use a logo in all their marketing, which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS.)78. According to the passage, what is likely to influence shops on what to sell?79. A company may lose its regular customers unless ______________________.80. According to Harry Morrison, businesses will benefit from __________________.81. According to the last two paragraphs, companies can gain advantages by ____________.。