乔叟的介绍课件Geo讲义ffrey Chaucer
英国文学史—乔叟
The Canterbury Tales
❖ (Penguin Classics) "Rendered here with consummate skill and sensitivity into modern English verse by Nevill Coghill, The Canterbury Tales (which Geoffrey Chaucer began in 1386 and never completed) retain all their vigour, their humour and indeed their poetry." —Penguin Books.
❖ Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales
❖ 内容简介
❖ The procession that crosses Chaucer's pages is as full of life and as richly textured as a medieval tapestry.The Knight,the Miller,the Friar,the Squire,the Prioress,the Wife of Bath,and others who make up the cast of characters-including Chaucer himself-are real people,with human emotions and weaknesses.When it is remebered that Chaucer wrote in English at a time when Latin was the standard literary language across western Europe,the magnitude of his achievement is even more remarkable.But Chaucer's genius needs no historical introduction;it bursts forth from every page of The Canterbury Tales.
杰费雷·乔叟--Geoffrey Chaucer
选段参考译文
在这时节，有一天，我正停憩在伦敦南岸萨得克 的泰巴客店，虔心诚意，准备去坎特伯雷朝圣， 到了晚上，客店中来了二十九位形形色色的朝 圣客，凑巧结成了旅伴，他们都不约而同，要 赴坎特伯雷的盛会；当时客店的屋舍马厩却很 宽敞，我们舒舒服服地安顿下来。简单说来， 到了夕阳西沉的时分，我已同每人相识交谈， 约定了一齐早起出发。可是，在我开讲这故事 之前，我想暂抽一部分时间，先谈一下每人的 个别情况，由我的角度看去，他们是何种人物， 属于哪一个社会阶层，穿着怎样。现在我将先 讲一个武士。
Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)
杰弗里·乔叟
Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟
杰弗里·乔叟简介
英国最早具有人文主义思想的代表诗人，也 是现实主义文学的奠基人。早年受法国文 学的影响，代表作品是《悼公爵夫人》 (The Book of the Duchess)和用伦敦方言翻 译了法国中世纪长篇叙事诗《玫瑰传奇》 等。中期的代表诗作有《声誉之堂》(The House of Fame)和《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西 德》(Troilus and Criseyde)，肯定爱情和 个人幸福，反对封建专制和压迫，反映了 作者现实主义的创作态度和人文主义观点。
杰弗里·乔叟简介
乔叟在最后十五年里创作了《坎特伯雷故事》 (The Canterbury Tales)，这部作品是英国 文学史上现实主义文学作品的第一部杰作， 充满了浓郁的生活气息和时代特点，也反 映了当时社会处于封建社会向资本主义社 会过渡时期，带有强烈的人文主义色彩， 无论在英国文学还是在语言上都起了重大 的作用。他也是英国文学史上首位用伦敦 方言写作的作家，加强了伦敦方言在英国 文学史上的地位。英国十七世纪作家约 翰·德莱顿称他为“英国诗歌之父”。
1-Geoffrey Chaucer
The Wife of Bath‘s Prologue序言
Ywympled wel, and on hir heed an hat As brood as is a bokeler or a targe; A foot-mantel aboute hir hipes large, And on hir feet a paire of spores sharpe.
2. Italian period (1372—1385)
1. Influenced by Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio The House of Fame 名誉之堂(1372—80) Legend of Good Women (1380—86) 2. English period (1387—1400)
——father of English poetry ) Wine merchant’s family, rub elbows with people from different walks of life.(refer to North-East Normal University; lecture notes for presentation)
The Knight‘s Tale故事
But for to tellen yow of his array, His hors were goode, but he was nat gay. Of fustian he wered a gypon Al bismotered with his habergeon, For he was late ycome from hБайду номын сангаасs viage, And wente for to doon his pilgrymage.
Part III Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里。乔叟)
3. The third or the English period, his best period (1387-1400) The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 His masterpiece and a representative works of the Middle Ages.
Part III
Geoffrey Chaucer
(1340?-1400)杰弗里 乔叟 ? )杰弗里乔叟
I. Chaucer's Life II. Chaucer's Literary Career III. The Canterbury Tales IV. Chaucer's Contribution
无忧PPT整理发布
Theme
Chaucer is influenced by the early Italian Renaissance, and he believes in man's right to pursue earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate. He is always keen to praises man's energy, adroitness, intellect, quick wit and love of life. He exposes and satirizes the social evils, esp. the religious abuses. 无忧PPT整理发布
无忧PPT整理发布
The Prologue of the Wife of Bath's Tale The wife of Bath speaking "Experience--and no matter what they say In books--is good enough authority For me to speak of trouble in marriage. For ever since I was twelve years of age, Thanks be to God, I've had no less than five Husbands at church door--if one may believe I could be wed so often legally!" (P.220)
Lecture 2(2) chaucer英国早期文学家乔叟的相关知识
Romance: a literary genre popular in the Middle Ages (5th-15th century), dealing, in verse or prose, with legendary, supernatural, or amorous subjects and characters. The name refers to Romance languages and originally denotes any lengthy composition in one of those languages. Later the term was applied to tales specifically concerned with knights, chivalry and courtly love.
Life & Literary Influence of Chaucer
Part 3: Geoffrey Chaucer’s Time (1350-1485)
→ page, diplomat (Petrarch,Boccaccio, Dante), comptroller, parliament, clerk of Windsor, pension → “The Poet’ s Corner” in Westminster Abby → Phases of Chaucer’s literary life 1)1355-1372, French period—translator: The Romance
Part 3: Geoffrey Chaucer’s Time (1350-1485)
Historical Overview ¤ In 1154, Normans' conquest ended ¤1154-1485, Henry II, the Plantagenet's ¤1338-1453, the War of 100-year ¤1348-1449, the Black Death ¤1455-1485, The War of Roses ¤ In 1485, Henry VII, the Tudor---the end of the feudalism
Geoffrey Chaucer坎特伯雷故事集PPT课件
3. Set the tone for the story-telling: • make clear the plan for the tales; • motivate the telling of several tales ; • introduce the pilgrims , the time and
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• The Squire: a candidate for knighthood; a lover who can sing lusty songs, compose melodies, poetry
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• Yeoman : dressed in green; an expert woodsman, an excellent shot with the arrow.
• ②意大利影响时期（1372～1386）:Chaucer contacted with bourgeoisie humanism. 《The Parliament of Fowles 》(百鸟会议)、《 Troilus and Criseyde 》(特罗伊勒斯和克莱 西德 (c. 1385) ) 、《The Legend of Good Women》(好女人的故事)，all of them are the reflection of humanism.
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General Prologue(总序) ----outline of the story
• on a spring evening, the poet drops in the Tabard Inn（塔巴尔德旅店）, where he meets 29 other pilgrims（香客） all ready for a journey of 60 miles to Canterbur y.
The-Age-of-Chaucer英国文学史-乔叟时代PPT课件
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7
Geoffrey Chaucer and
The Canterbury Tales (cont.)
He went against tradition—should have written in French BUT he wrote them in Middle English
Professional Class
Military
Religious
Secular
Nun, 3 Priests, Friar, Parson,
Knight, Squire, Yeoman
Pardoner, Summoner
Cleric, Serjeant at Law, Merchant,
Skipper, Doctor
– What is Chaucer criticizing?
.
23
THE MILLER Example
Physical Characteristics, Clothing, and Accessories
Chap of sixteen stone (561) Big in brawn and bone (562) Broad, knotty and short-shouldered (565) Broad, red beard (568-569) Wart with red, bristly hair growing on his nose (571-
.
1
The Age of (1350-1400)
.
2
Historical background
The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) was the first national war waged by England.
Geoffrey-Chaucer乔叟-自制完整
• During the years 1370 to 1378, Chaucer was frequently employed on diplomatic(外交的) missions(使命) to the Continent, visiting Italy
in 1372-73 and in 1378.
Unstressed stressed
Sonnet 18
Unstressed stressed
第6页，共25页。
Biography
• （1343?-1400）
• He was born in London between 1340 and
1344, the son of John Chaucer, a vintner(酒
第17页，共25页。
The Canterbury Tales
• This unfinished poem, about 17,000 lines, is one of the most brilliant works in all literature. The poem introduces a group of pilgrims journeying from London to the shrine of St. Thomas àBecket at Canterbury. To help pass the time they decide to tell stories. Together, the pilgrims represent a wide cross section of 14th-century English life.
Parliament of Fowls(百鸟会议), which tells of
杰弗里乔叟的英文简介
杰弗里乔叟的英文简介杰弗里乔叟简介Geoffrey Chaucer (about 1343 ~ 1400) British poet. His personal life is quite rich: 1357 years to do the court paternity, 1359 years to participate in the war when the law was captured, the following year by the king of redemption, 1361 - 1367 in the Temple Law Association training, 1366 and the queen of the palace The womens marriage, after many times on behalf of Edward III to the European continent, to Belgium, France, Italy and other countries, have the opportunity to meet Boccaccio and Petrak, which his literary creation had a great impact. In 1374, Chaucer was the London fur management officer, and in 1382 served as the tariff manager for alcohol and other commodities. In 1385, Chaucer was the magistrate of Kent, the second year was elected to the county knight to attend the lower house of parliament. In 1389 years after the KMT government, Chaucer has served as the royal construction works and Somerset royal forest deputy director. Chaucer was deprived of official and annuities during the asylum of the asylum, and the economy was strained. He had written the oil poem to the empty capsule to just ascend to Henry IV, complain about their own poverty. In 1400, Joao died and was buried at Poets Corner in Londons Westminster Church. He was also the first poet to be buried here.Chaucers poetic creation is divided into three periods: (1) the French influence period (1360 ~ 1372): the main translation andfollow the works of the French poet, created the Duchess (The Book of the Duchess (1369) Dialect translation of the French medieval long narrative poem rose legend and so on. ② the Italian influence period (1372 ~ 1386): the poet came into contact with the progressivethinking of bourgeois humanism. The creation of this period, such as the Birds Conference, Troilus and Criseyde (c. 1385)), The Story of a Good Woman , reflects the authors creation for the reality of life Attitude and humanism. ③ mature period (1386 ~ 1400): Chaucer in the last 15 years in the Canterbury story set creation. Both in content and skills to achieve the pinnacle of his creation. His first heroic rhyme is widely used by British poets later, known as the father of British poetry.The early creation of Chaucer was influenced by Italian and French literature. He introduced the literature of knights in the French literature, the lyrics and animal fables, and so on. Its early works Trolls and Clay West (1385), character character to createvivid and delicate, language witty humor.From 1377 onwards, Chaucer repeatedly made the European continent, in contact with Dante, Pietrak and Boccaccio and others works. These writers anti-feudal anti-religious spirit and humanism, so that Chaucers creative thinking has undergone profound changes, began to turn to realism. The narrative poem Trolls and the West, which is rewritten according to a long poem of Boccaccio, rejects the traditions of fantasy and fables, instead of the description of the characters and life details in the real world. A realist work.Chaucer carried out the creation of The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400) in the last fifteen years of his life. This is his most outstanding work.Chaucers vision, profound observation, rich writing style, truly reflect the lives of different social classes, created a realist tradition of British literature, Shakespeare and Dickens have an impact.Canterbury story set is the British writer Chaucers novel. The work describes a group of pilgrims gathered in a small London hotel, ready to pilgrimage to Canterbury. Shopkeepers suggested thatpilgrims on the way to the two stories, to see who speak the best. The story set includes 23 stories, one of the most wonderful stories are: the knights story of love tragedy, the story of the knights knights knight, the soldier who sells the crucifi某ion, the talismans story, the businessmans story The story of the family disputes, the story of the farmers touching love and generosity. The works e某tensively reflect the British social life of the embryonic period of capitalism, e某posing the corruption of the church, the greed and hypocrisy of the priest, condemning the asceticism of human nature, affirming the secular love life.The artistic achievements of the Canterbury Tales are very high, far e某ceeding the previous British literary works, the first e某ample of the realism in British literary history. The work combines humor and satire, and the comedy is strong, and most of the stories are written in double rhyme poems, which have had an impact on later English literature. People figure clear, lively language. Chaucers creation of the vibrant London dialect also laid the foundations for the English literary language. His first heroic rhyme was widely used by British poets in the future, and Chaucer was hailed as the father of English poetry.杰弗里乔叟作品Geoffrey Chaucer (1340 - 1400), a famous British medieval writer, was born in a wine family. 1359 years with the troops of Edward III leap in France, captured by the French army, and soon to redemption. Chaucer became kings attendants, made many European countries, twicevisited Italy, found Dante, Boccaccio and Petraks works, his literary creation played a great role. The Book of the Duchess, The House of Fame, The House of Fowles, The House of Fae, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The Legend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde. Chaucer died in London on October 25, 1400, and was buried in the corner of the poet in Westminster Abbey. Chaucers death is unknown, may be murdered, the British medieval research e某pert Terry Jones had a book Who murdered Chaucer Chaucer first took the London dialect writing, and the creation of heroic bimodal, the British national language and literature development great influence, it is known as the father of British poetry.。
Chaucer乔叟简介
3. Maturity ( 1386 ---- 1400) The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事 集》
Literary career 1. French influence ( 1359 ---- 1372) The Book of the Duchess 《 悼公爵夫 人》
The Romance of the Rose (Roman de la Rose) 《玫瑰传奇》
2. Italian influence (1372 ---- 1386) The House of Fame 《荣誉堂》
Rime押韵
Rime is the repetition of the same sound at the end of two or more lines. day, may motion, ocean behaviour, saviour single rime double rime triple rime
―Heroic Couplet‖英雄双韵体 couplet: A unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually rhyming and having the same meter and often forming a complete thought or syntactic unit. → an introduction from French poetry → a pair of rhymed lines of iambic pentameter aa bb cc dd ee ff gg
英美文学杰弗里乔叟GeoffreyChaucer资料
Prologue
Each of the narrators reveals his or her own views and character. Chaucer created a striking brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country. And thus Chaucer’s realism, trenchant irony and freedom of views reached a high level of power. It is no exaggeration to say that the Prologue supplies a miniature of the English society of Chaucer’s time. Looking at his picture gallery, we know at once how people lived in that era. So Chaucer was praised as “the father of English realism”.
thefirstenglishrealisticpoetpage3?1357年做宫廷侍童?1359年参加对法作战时被俘翌年由国王赎回?1361年1367年在内殿法学协会受训?1366年与王后寝宫的女官结婚此后多次代表爱德华三世出使欧洲大陆到过比利时法国意大利等国有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉克这对他的文学创作产生了很大的影响
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(a)French influence (1360-1372)
Romance of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》 trans.
The Book of the Duchess（1369）《悼公爵夫人书》
《桥边的老人》优质课PPT
他坚韧，不吝惜人生；他 坚韧，不吝惜自己。……值得 我们庆幸的是，他给了自己足 够的时间显示了他的伟大。他 的风格主宰了我们讲述长长短 短的故事的方法。他将是我永 远怀念的朋友。他的去世让举 国上下沉浸在哀痛之中。—— 弗罗斯特
几乎没有哪个美国人比欧内斯特•海明威对美国 人民的感情和态度产生过更大的影响。——肯尼迪
零度写作海明威在其作品中很少直接表露自己对人物和事件的态度甚至对人物的行为动机和心理状态也很少进行解释和说明而只是客观地照相式地描绘出人物在某种感情支配下本能的乃至下意识的活动造成富有实感的画面使读者从这种直接经验中去体味隐藏着的思想感情
桥边的老人
海明威
作家作品：
“硬汉子”
欧内斯特Байду номын сангаас米勒尔·海明威（Ernest Miller Hemingway，1899年7月21日－1961年7月2日）， 美国作家和记者，被认为是20世纪最著名的小说 家之一，出生于伊利诺伊州芝加哥市郊区的奥克 帕克，是美国“迷惘的一代”（Lost Generation） 作家中的代表人物。 1899年7月21日，海明威出生于奥克帕克的瓦 隆湖边，像他父亲那样，从小，他就爱好打猎、 钓鱼、在森林和湖泊中露营等。高中毕业之后， 拒绝入读大学的海明威，到了在美国举足轻重的 《堪城星报》（Kansas City Star）当记者，正 式开始了他的写作生涯。在《堪城星报》工作了6 个月的过程中，海明威受到了良好的训练。
二战结束后，他获 得一枚铜质奖章。1948 年，海明威与战时通讯 记者玛丽·维尔许·海 明威（Mary Welsh Hemingway）开始了他的 第四次婚姻，不久重返 古巴。1953年，他以 1952年完成的《老人与 海》一书获得普利策奖 ； 1954年，《老人与海》 又为海明威夺得诺贝尔 文学奖。1961年7月2日， 因不堪病痛折磨，海明 威在他爱达荷州凯彻姆 的家中用猎枪结束了自 己的生命，享年62岁。
英美文学杰弗里乔叟GeoffreyChaucer资料
The Canterbury Tales
坎特伯雷故事集
Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language, the basis of which was formed by the London dialect, so profusely used by the poet.
trans.(Boethius 波伊提乌，Roman)
400)
Complaint to His Empty Purse (1399)《致空囊》 The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400)《坎特伯雷故事集》 (Masterpiece)
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The most vigorous有力的；精力充沛的 character is the larger-than-life Wife of Bath
The crudest粗野的，缺乏教养的 character is the Miller磨 坊主；碾磨工
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Prologue
The Prologue开场 is a splendid masterpiece of realistic portrayal, the first of its kind in the history of English literature. From the Prologue, we can see that Chaucer is a talented portrait painter. Each of the pilgrims or narrators is presented vividly in the Prologue. The pilgrims are people from various parts of England. They are the representatives of various walks of life and social groups, with various interests, tastes and predilections.
乔叟的介绍Geoffrey-ChaucerPPT演示课件
12
•Born in 1343, not long after 100 Years’ war began
•Middle class family (father – merchant)
4. Who is the first person that the narrator begins his introduction?
5. Why does the narrator think of this man as “a most distinguished man”?
3
Geoffrey Chaucer
17
Literature
•1st poem, The Book of the Duchess, about John of Gaunt’s wife who had died of the plague. •1387 – began The Canterbury Tales – never completed it. •Considered one of the greatest works of the English Language. •Left a great picture of life during the Middle Ages. •Favorite rhyme scheme is the couplet.
• John of Gaunt (the duke of Lancaster) died in 1399, the year before Chaucer died
10
Geoffrey Chaucer
英国文学第一课第二讲坎特伯雷故事-乔叟
Chaucer’s Literary Career
1.
The period of French influence(1359-1372): The Book of the Duchess, The Romance of the Rose
2.
The Period of Italian influence(1372-1386):The House of Fame,
Chaucer’s contributions to English language
Chaucer’s language, now called Middle English, is vivid and exact. His verse is smooth. He introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which was later called the ―heroic couplet‖ to English poetry. Though drawing influence from French, Italian and Latin models, he is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. His production of so much excellent poetry was an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country. The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.
杰弗里·乔叟 英语介绍
3可是在我叙述故事之前， 让我占用诸位一 点时间， 依我之见似乎还很必要， 把每人的情况作些 介绍。 谈谈他们从事什么行业， 社会地位属于哪个 阶层， 容貌衣着举止又是如何， 那么我就 先把骑士说说
When zephyrs have breathed softly all about 西风轻拂，催生草木 Inspiring every wood and field to sprout, 空中朝气勃勃的太阳已过白羊座处 And in the zodiac the youthful sun 转眼便是四月之初 His journey halfway through the Ram has run; 美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦 When little birds are busy with their song 鸟儿不辞昼夜忙于歌唱 Who sleep with open eyes the whole night long 生机唤醒了它们的心与内在的激荡
6《百鸟议会》(The
Parliament of
Fowls,1380) 7《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》（Troilus and Cryseyde） 他翻译过的法国文学作品有《玫瑰传奇》 (Romance of the Rose)
坎特伯雷故事集(The Canterbury Tales)简介：
And specially in England people ride 在英格兰尤甚 To Canterbury from every countryside 人们从各个角落去往坎特伯雷城 To visit there the blessed martyred saint 去朝拜那有神佑的殉道圣人 Who gave them strength when they were sick and faint. 那个在他们脆弱无助时给予帮助的灵魂
英国文学家乔叟资料简介
英国文学家乔叟资料简介杰弗里乔叟是在一三四三年出生在英国的伟大诗人。
他是英国文学史上的开山鼻祖，在他的带领下，英国文学开启了文明的旅程。
杰弗里乔叟不仅是一位高高在上的诗人，他还有多个服务人民的职业，比如外交家和侍臣。
杰弗里乔叟的名字乔叟在英文中是鞋匠的意思，从他的名字不难看出，杰弗里乔叟的祖上是做鞋匠起家的。
而在他父亲这一辈，开始从事酒庄生意，因此家里的条件十分优渥。
在杰弗里乔叟十三岁的时候，被父亲送进皇宫做英国国王爱德华的儿子的侍从。
两年后，因为参加英国与法国的战争不幸被俘虏，好在第二年被国王赎回宫中继续做侍从。
在杰弗里乔叟二十三岁的时候迎娶了王后的一位室寝女官。
结过婚的杰弗里乔叟不断地代表爱德华三世国王前往各个欧洲大陆进行会见。
在这过程中，他遇到了影响他文学观地两个人——薄伽丘和皮特拉克。
在杰弗里乔叟早期的时候创作的文学作品带有浓重的意大利和法国文学的韵味。
因为初期的他还只是会模仿创造，没有找到属于自己的文学风格。
所以在在他的那本《特罗勒斯和克莱西德》就是参照法国骑士为原型，模仿法国的动物寓言，将书中的人物性格刻画地风趣幽默。
一直到他遇见薄伽丘和皮特拉克，他的作品开始发生了改变。
杰弗里乔叟开始不再一味利用寓言讲述故事，他开始刻画生活。
将现实生活中的种种人物刻画进了自己的作品中，开始了他现实主义作品的道路。
杰弗里乔叟是英国中世纪最为伟大的文学家，他开启了伊丽莎白时期的文学道路。
乔叟的历史贡献是不言而喻的，他作为英国的诗歌之父，一生遗留下不少的优秀作品。
《坎特伯雷故事集》、《公爵夫人之书》、《声誉之宫》和《特罗勒斯和克莱西德》都是他的经典作品。
这些作品一些是杰弗里乔叟的早期作品，比如《公爵夫人之书》。
这本书是杰弗里乔叟第一本创作的书籍，从这本书中我们可以看到乔叟的早期风格。
书中混杂着法国文学的艺术风格和意大利的文学风格，让《公爵夫人之书》这本著作像是意大利和法国的混血儿。
随着乔叟开始不停地接触到更多的文学作品，让他慢慢摸着了属于自己的文学风格。
Chaucer(乔叟)
The Significance of The Canterbury Tales
close observation of his time and people (“a master of realism”) adoption of well organized structure sense of humor using English instead of French or Latin
Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote And bathed every veyne in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the flour; Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth Inspired hath in every holt and heeth The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne, And smale foweles maken melodye, That slepen al the nyght with open eye(So priketh hem Nature in hir corages); Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes To ferne halwes, kowthe in sondry londes; And specially from every shires ende Of Engelond, to Caunterbury they wende, The hooly blisful martir for to seke That hem hath holpen, whan that they were seeke.