科技英语课后翻译整理
科技英语综合教程课后答案句子翻译整理_刘爱军
行胜于言Unitl1. The essence of a game is interde 卩endtncc of player siraiEgics There are two 'distinct types of strategic interdependence: secmeDtiul 卫nd 尊砸1怡moijs.搏弈的实质是搏弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。
这种策略性的相互依赖表现为两个不同的 类别：连续策略之间的相互作用以及联立策略之间的相互作用。
2. When we say that an outcome is mi 匕qailibHiTiiL there is ifd fiction thatHeach person? privately best choke will 圧a^Tkra collecti¥ely optiniiTr 祗ult ・当我们把博弈的结果表述为一种均衡的时候,人最佳策略将会带来共同的最优化结果。
3. Jn some situations of conflict, any systematic action will be discovered and exploited by the rival. Therefore, it is important to keep the rival guessing by onet nioyp 富Typical examples arise in sports ^whether to 『cm 0〕10 pass in 竈 particular witimtion in foodxdL or whether co hit 21 passin* shot CKJ 貂-conn or down th£ line in kmriis.在一些冲突中，任何规律性的行为都会被对手发觉并利用。
因而，通过采取混合性策略来迷惑对 手就显的非常重要。
科技英语翻译(1-3章)
科技英语翻译1.1翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
The power unit for driving the machines is a50-hp induction motor.驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices,called transistors,are replacing tubes in many applications.半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
Cramped conditions means that passengers’legs cannot move around freely.空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts:blade and petiole.双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
1.2对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
（直译）All four(outer planets)probably have cores of metals,silicates,and water.这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。
科技英语课文翻译1-7
参考译文Unit 1课文A石油1油，和煤一样，存在于沉积岩中，而且可能由死去很长时间的生物有机体形成。
含有石油的岩石几乎都来源于海洋，所以形成石油的有机物一定是海洋生物，而不是树木。
2 石油，并不是来自于逐渐积聚的木质物质，而可能是来自于逐渐积聚的海洋生物的脂肪物质。
比如浮游生物：大量浮游在海水表层的单细胞生物。
3 有机物的脂肪物质主要由碳氢原子组成，因此并不需要太多的化学变化就可以形成石油。
生物有机体只需在缺氧的条件下沉积到海湾浅水处的淤泥里。
其脂肪不是分解腐烂，而是逐渐积聚，并在深层的淤泥里圈闭起来，进而经过细微的原子重组，最终形成石油。
4 油比水轻，呈液态，会经由上方覆盖的孔隙性岩石向上渗透，在地球上有些地区到达表层，古人将这些表层石油称为沥青、柏油或异庚烷。
在古代和中世纪，这些石油油苗常被看作药品而不是燃料。
5 当然，表层的油苗数量很少。
而石油油藏上方有时覆盖的是非孔隙性岩石。
石油向上渗透抵达该岩石，然后在岩石下方逐渐积聚形成油层。
若在上方的岩石上钻个孔，石油就可以通过该孔向上迁移。
有时压力过大，石油会向高空喷出。
1859年在宾夕法尼亚州，由埃德温·德雷克成功打出第一口井。
6 如果可以发现一个合适的地点（勘探人员已经识别出地下可能圈闭有石油的地层结构），那么就很容易抽取这一液体燃料，这要比派人到地下把大块的固体煤炭砍成小块要容易得多。
而且一旦获得石油，可以通过地上管道运输，而不必像煤一样，由运货车经过繁重的装卸任务来运输。
7 石油便于抽取，易于运输，促进了石油的应用。
石油可以蒸馏成不同的馏分，每种馏分均由特定大小的分子组成，分子越小，该馏分就越容易蒸发。
8 到19世纪下半叶，最重要的石油馏分是由中等大小的分子构成的煤油，它不易蒸发，被用于照明。
9 然而，到19世纪末人们研制出了内燃机。
内燃机是通过在汽缸里将空气与可燃气体混合，产生爆炸来提供动力的。
最便利的可燃气体是汽油——石油的又一馏分，由小分子构成，容易蒸发。
科技英语课文翻译
科技英语课文翻译课文翻译英语Unit 1罗素悖论的提出是基于这样的一个事例：设想有这样一群理发师，他们只给不给自己理发的人理发。
假设其中一个理发师符合上述的条件，不给自己理发；然而按照要求，他必须要给自己理发。
但是在这个集合中没有人会给自己理发。
（如果这样的话，这个理发师必定是给别人理发还要给自己理发）1901年，伯特兰罗素悖论的发现打击了他其中的一个数学家同事。
在19世纪后期，弗雷格尝试发展一个基本原理以便数学上能使用符号逻辑。
他确立了形式表达式（如：应。
一种类比是救护车的汽笛声会改变音高――当它朝你行驶，然后通过你身边接着朝另一个方向去了的时候――他的声波首先是压缩的，接着伸长这些测量给了天文学家一个关于宇宙在不同历史点的膨胀速度的图景。
研究人员还发现宇宙如今正在以前所未有的速度在膨胀。
“一开始我们不情愿相信我们的结果，”加州大学伯克利分校的劳伦斯伯克利实验室的天体物理学家Saul Perlmutter说，他领导的一个竞争性的小组发现了和Schmidt以及Riess 相同的结果。
x =2）和数学特性（如偶数）之间的联系。
按照弗雷格理论的发展，我们能自由的用一个特性去定义更多更深远的特性。
1903年，发表在《数学原理》上的罗素悖论从根本上揭示了弗雷格这种集合系统的局限性。
型的集合系统能很好的用俗称集的结构式来描述。
就现在而言，这种类们可以用x代表整数，通过n来表示并且n大于3例如，小于我7，来表示x={n4，5,6这样一个集合。
这种集合的书写形势就是：我们也可让：n是整数，y={x：3n7}x是美国的一个男性居民。
集合中的对象并不一定是数字。
}。
求的空间。
但是，罗素（和策梅洛一起）发现表面上看，似乎任何一个关于x的描述都有一个符合要a中}导致一个矛盾，就像对一群理发师的描述一样。
x={a：xa它本不再身是在x有致命的打击。
尽管这样，他还不能解决这个问题当罗素发现了悖论，的集合中吗？否定的答案导致了矛盾的出现。
科技英语课文翻译和课后习题翻译
第一张机器人走进千家万户(1)比尔﹒盖茨设想一下:在一个新的产业诞生之际, 你目睹见证了这一切! 这个产业是在前所未有的新技术基础上发展起来的, 其中包括一些实力雄厚企业销售的高度专业化商务设备, 还有越来越多的新兴公司生产的新奇玩具、为玩具藏家青睐的机巧装置, 以及其他一些奇特有趣的特殊产品。
但同时, 这还是一个缺乏行业标准和平台的、尚不成规模的产业。
项目复杂, 进步缓慢, 实际应用更是少之有少。
事实上, 尽管对这个产业的未来充满热情和希望,但是没有人能明确地说出什么时间- 或究竟是否有可能-它能取得关键性的规模发展。
但是,若真能实现发展, 那么,它很可能改变整个世界。
当然, 上述描述可算是上世纪70 年代中期计算机产业的写照, 也就在那时, 保罗·艾伦和我成立了微软公司。
当时,部分大企业、政府部门和其他一些机构都在使用笨重、昂贵的主计算机进行后台运算。
知名大学和大型工业实验室的研究人员正试图建造出最基本的构件, 以使信息化时代的到来成为可能。
当时因特尔公司刚刚推出他们的8080 微处理器,安他利公司正在销售一款流行电子游戏Pong 。
而在一些自发组成的计算机俱乐部里,热忠于此的人们急切地努力探索这种新技术带来的好处究竟是什么。
但当时我脑海中所萦绕的则是更具前瞻性的问题:机器人产业即将作为一项新兴的产业而崛起,其当时的发展同30 年前计算机的发展如出一辙。
想想看, 目前汽车组装线上使用的制造型机器人已替代了昔日的主计算机。
这个产业其他的典型产品包括可进行外科手术的机器手, 在伊拉克和阿富汗用于路边及地面排雷的侦察机器人, 以及可以进行地板吸尘的家用机器人。
电子产品公司还推出了可模仿人类、或是狗、恐龙等的机器人玩具, 而玩具收藏者们正迫不及待地想要猎取一套乐高公司生产的最新机器人系列玩具。
与此同时, 世界尖端科技人员正试图解决机器人技术中最棘手的难题, 诸如视觉识别、远程操控、以及学习型机器等问题, 而且他们正在不断获得成功。
科技英语中英文对照翻译
mobile and cellular radio移动和细胞广播in comparison to the relative stability and modest technical developments which are occurring in long haul wideband microwave communication systems there is rapid development and expanding deployment of new mobile personal communication system. These rang from wide coverage area pagers,for simple data message transmission,which employ common standards and hence achieve contiguous coverage over large geographical areas,such as all the major urban centres and transport routes in Europe,Asia or the continental USA.This chapter discusses the special channel characteristics of mobile systems and examines the typical cellular clusters adopted to achieve continuous communication with the mobile user.It then highlights the important properties of current,and emerging,TDMA and code division multiple access(CDMA), mobile digital cellular communication systems.Private mobile radioTerrestrial mobile radio works best at around 250 MHz as lower frequencies than this suffer from noise and interference while higher frequencies experience multipath propagation from buildings,etc,section 15.2.In practice modest frequency bands are allocated between 60MHz and 2GHz. Private mobile radio(PMR) is the system which is used by taxi companies,county councils,health authorities,ambulance services,fire services,the utility industries,etc,for mobile communications.PMR has three spectral at VHF,one just below the 88 to 108 MHz FM broadcast band and one just above this band with another allocation at approximately 170MHz.There are also two allocations at UHF around 450MHz. all these spectral allocations provide a total of just over 1000 radio channels with the channels placed at 12KHz channel spacings or centre frequency offsets. Within the 12khz wide channal the analogue modulation in PMR typically allows 7khz of bandwidth for the signal transmission.when further allowance is made for the frequency drift in the oscillators of these systems a peak deviation of only 2 to 3 khz is available for the speech traffic. Traffic is normally impressed on these systems by amplitude modulation or frequency modulation and again the receiver is of the ubiquitous superheterodyne design,Figure 1.4. A double conversion receiver with two separate local oscillator stages is usually required to achieve the required gain and rejection of adjacent channel signals.One of the problems with PMR receiver is that they are requiredto detect very small signals,typically—120dBm at the antenna output,corresponding to 0.2 uV,and,after demodulating this signal,produce ann output with perhaps 1W of audio equipment, the first IF is normally at10.7MHz and the second IF is very orten at 455KHz . unfortunately,with just over 1000 available channels for the whole of the UK and between 20000and30000issued licences for these systems,it is inevitable that the average busuness user will have to share the allocated channel with other companies in their same geographical area.There are various modes of operation for mobile radio communications networks, the simplest of which is singal frequency simplex. In simplex communication, traffic is broadcast, or one way. PMR uses half duplex(see later Table 15.3) where, at the end of each transmission period, there is a handover of the single channel to the user previously receiving, in order to permit them to reply over the same channel. This is efficient in that it requires only one frequency allocation for the communication link but it has the disadvantage that all units canhear all transmissions provided they are within rage of the mobile and frequencies are allocated for the transmissions. One frequency is used for the forward or downlink, namely base-to-mobile communications. This permits simultaneous two-way communication and greatly reduces the level of interference, but it halves other’s transmissions, which can lead to contention with two mobiles attempting to initiate a call, at the same time, on the uplink in a busy syetem.Although PMR employs relatively simple techniques with analogue speech transmission there have been many enhancements to these systems over the years . Data transmission is now in widespread use in PMR systems using FSK modulation. Data transmission also allows the possibility of hard copy graphics output and it gives direct access to computer services such as databases, etc. Data prembles can also be used, in a selective calling mode, when initiating a transmission to address a special receiver and thus obtain more privacy within the system.15.4.5 Trunked radio for paramilitary use集群无线电的军事使用Another related TDMA mobile radio standard is the European trunked radio(TETRA)network which has been developed as part of the public safety radio communications service(PSRCS) for use by police, utilities, customs office, etc. TETRA in fact is part of wider international collaborations for paramilitary radio use.In these portable radios there is a need for frequency hopping (FH) to give an antieavesdropping capability and encryption for security of transmission to extend military mobile radio capabilities to paramilitary use, i.e. for police, customs and excise offices, etc. these capabilities are included in the multiband interteam radio for the associated public safety communications office in the USA while Europe has adopted the TETRA standard.TETRA is essentially the digital TDMA replacement of the analogue PMR systems. The TETRA standard has spectrum allocations of 380 to 400 and 410 to 430MHz, with the lower band used for mobile transmissions and the upper band for base station use. TETRA mobile have 1 W output power and the base stations 25 W using error with the data throughput rate varying, to meet the required quality of service. TETRA can accommodate up to four users each with a basic speech or data rate of 7.2kbit/s. with coding and signaling overheads, the final transmission rate for the four-user slot is 36 kbit/s. this equipment is large and more sophisticated than a commercial cell phone, and it sells for a very much higher price becase the production runs are much small. However, its advanced capabilities are essential for achieving paramilitary communications which are secure from eavesdropping.15.5 Code division multiple accessAnalogue communication systems predominantly adopt frequency division multiple access (FDMA), where each subscriber is allocated a narrow frequency slot within the available channel. The alternative TDMA(GSM) technique allocates the entire channel bandwidth to a subscriber but constrains the subscriber but constrains the subscriber to transmit only regular short bursts of wideband signal. Both these accessing techniques are well established for long haulterrestrial, satellite and mobile communications as they offer very good utilization of the available bandwidth.15.5.1The inflexibility of these coordinated accessing techniques has resulted in the development of new systems based on the uncoordinated spread spectrum concept. In these systems the bits of slow speed data traffic from each subscriber are deliberately multiplied by a high chip rate spreading code, forcing the low rate (narrowband data signal) to fill a wide channel bandwidth.15.7.2 3G systemsThe evolution of the third generation (3G)system began when the ITU produce the initial recommendations for a new universal mobile telecommunications system(UMTS)[www.] The 3G mobile radio service provides higher data rate services ,with a maximum data rate in excess of 2Mbit/s, but the achievable bit rate is linked to mobility. Multimedia applications encompass services such as voice, audio/video, graphics, data, Internet access and e-mail. These packet and circuit switched services have to be supported by the radio interface and the network subsystem.Several radio transmission technologies(RTT) were evaluated by the ITU and adopted into the new standard, IMT-2000. the European standardization body for 3G, the ETSI Special Mobile Group, agreed on a radio access scheme for 3G UMTS universal terrestrial radio access(UTRA) as an evolution of GSM. UTRA consists of two modes : frequency division duplex(FDD) where the uplink and downlink are transmitted on different frequencies; and time division duplex(TDD) where the uplink and downlink are time multiplexed onto the same carrier frequency. The agreement assigned the unpaired bands (i.e. for UTRA TDD ). TD-CDMA is a pure CDMA based system. Both modes of UTRA have been harmonised with respect to basic system parameters such as carrier spacing, chip rate and frame length to ensure the interworking of UTRA with GSM.The 3G proposal were predominantly based wideband CDMA(WCDMA) and a mix of FDD and TDD access techniques. WCDMA is favoured for 3G in poor propagation environments with a mix of high modest speed data traffic. It is generally accepted that CDMA is the preferred accesstechnique and, with the increase in the data rate, then the spreading modulation needs to increase to wideband transmission.WCDMA is based on 3.84Mchip/s spreading codes with spreading ratio, i.e. , K values, of 4-256 giving corresponging data ratas of 960-15 kbit/s. the upper FDD uplink band I from 1920-1980 MHz is paired with a 2110-2170 MHz downlink. In addition uplink bands II & III at 1850-1910 MHz and 1710-1785 MHz are also paired, respectively, with 1930-1990 MHz and 1805-1880 MHz allocations. the system is configured on a 10 ms frame with 15 individual slots to facilitate TDD as well as FDD transmissions. TDD is more flexible as time-slots can be dynamically reassigned to uplink and downlink functions, as required for asymmetric transfer of large files or video on demand traffic. 3G WCDMA systems use an adaptive multirate speech coder with encoded rates of 4.75-12.2 kbit/s. receivers commonly use the easily integrated direct conversion design, in place of the superheterodyne design . receiver sensitivities are typically -155dBm.The 3GPP2 standard aims to achieve a wide area mobile wireless packet switched capability with CDMA2000 1×EV DO revision A (sometimes called IS-856A). Here 1×refers to the single carrier 1.25 Mchip/s system. It achieves a 3.1 Mbit/s downlink and a delay sensitive services. The 3GPP standard has gone through many release with R4 in 2001 which introduced packet data services and R6 in 2005 to further increase the available data transmission rate . R6 pioneers the use of high-speed downlink packet access and multimedia broadcast multicast services which offer reduced delays and increased uplink data rates approaching 6 Mbit/s.In parallel with the European activities extensive work on 3G mobile radio was also performed in Japan. The Japanese standardisation body also chose WCDMA, so that the Japanese and European proposals for the FDD mode were already aligned closely. Very similar concepts have also been adopted by the North American standardization body.In order to work towards a global 3G mobile radio standard, the third generation partnership project(3GPP), consisting of members of the standardization bodies in Europe, the USA, Japan, Korea and China, was formed. It has merged the already well harmonized proposals of the regional standardization bodies to work on a common 3G international mobile radio standard, still called UTRA. The 3GPP Project 2(3GPP2), on the other hand, works towards a 3G mobile radio standard based on cdmaOne/IS-95 evolution, originally called CDMA2000.比起相对稳定、适度的技术发展是发生在宽带微波通信系统,有长期快速发展和扩大部署的新的移动个人通讯系统。
科技英语翻译总结(刘文东 亲自整理)
————edited by Liu Wendong Time:2012-12-3 13:03:54
’s do some translation first. (Take out a sheet of scratch paper, please.) 一、 Now let let’
第 1 页 共 10 页
the superiority (优势)of A to B the relationship of A to B the attraction（引力）of A for B the susceptibility (磁化系数)of A to B the sensitivity (敏感性)of A to B the applicability (适用性)of A to B the perpendicularity (正交性)of A to B the immunity (免疫力)of A to [from] B the familiarity (熟悉、亲密)of A with B 2. The “noun” comes from an intransitive(不及物的) verb, in which case “A” is the logical subject of the logical action expressed by the “noun.” Translation pattern: “A。 。 。B 的～” 例：This curve shows the dependence of the output on [upon] the input. 译：该曲线画出了输出对于输入的依赖关系。 例：图 1 画出了电流随阻抗的变化情况。 译：Fig. 1 shows the variation of current with impedance (as a function of impedance)(the graph of current against impedance.)(versus[vs.] impedance.) the passage (走廊、通路)of A through B the motion of A round [around] B the departure of A from B the deviation of A from B 偏离 the reaction of A to B the interaction of A with B 3.A special case: the increase/reduction (decrease)[rise (fall)] in [of] A with B 译：“A 随 B 的～” 4.The “noun” comes from a transitive verb, in which case “A” is the logical object of the action expressed by the “noun.” ” is put into a transitive verb so that the “V-O ” pattern is Translation technique: The “noun noun” V-O” used. 例：In solving the problem, the resolution of this force into x- and y-components is necessary. 译：在解这个题的时候，需要把这个力分解为 x 分量 y 分量。 例：Gradually, the usefulness of microprocessors as central processing unit was realized. 译：人们逐渐地实现了把微分处理器用作中央处理器。 a comparison of A with B the transformation of A into [to] B the use of A as B the exposure of A to B the separation of A from [into] B the protection of A from B the isolation of A from B the transfer of A to B the conversion of A to [into] B 三、what 从句 what 从句属于名词性从句，它可以作主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。what 在引导 名词性从句时被称为连接代词，它在从句中充当句子成分。 （1）what 在从句中表示疑问词的含义，把它翻译成“什么”，“何”，“哪个”，“哪些”，“多大”等。 例：What particular properties this kind of particle has had not been found out. 译：尚没有发现这种粒子有什么样的特殊性质。
科技英语翻译课后答案
科技英语翻译1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The powerplantis the heartof a ship.The powerunit for drivin g the machin es is a 50-hp induct ion motor.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2Semico nduct or device s, called transi stors, are replac ing tubesin many applic ation s.Crampe d condit ionsmeansthat passen gers’legscannot move around freely.All bodies are knownto posses s weight and occupy space.半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
第1节翻译练习3The remova l of minera ls from wateris called soften ing.A typica l foliag e leaf of a plantbelong ing to the dicoty ledon s is compos ed of two princi pal parts: bladeand petiol e.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einste in’srelati vitytheory is the only one whichcan explai n such phenom ena.All four (outerplanet s) probab ly have coresof metals, silica tes, and water.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
科技英语翻译重点句子总结
科技英语翻译重点句子总结1、P23 【例1】时态翻译The waster radiation is revolutionizing X-ray science, enabling researchers to see things on an atomic level with eyes that are a million times more powerful than ever before.这种歧视为废物的辐射使X射线科学发生了一场革命：它使科研工作者能用眼睛看到原子级的东西，这一放大率比以往提高了100万倍。
2、P24 【例3】虚拟语气If the reaction took hours, and not seconds, the fuel costs would be prohibitive.如果这一反应要花费数小时，而不是几秒钟，燃料费就太高了。
3、P24 【例6】虚拟语气Moving parts of a machine would wear much more rapidly without being oiled.机器的运动部件如果不加油就会磨损的非常快。
4、P24 【例7】祈使句Keep the batteries in dry places, and electricity may not be made to leak away.（如果）把蓄电池放在干燥的地方，就不会漏电。
5、P25 【例12】被动语态In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。
科技英语课文句子翻译Unit1-10
Sentence TranslationUnit 1Text A1.However, the volume of business done on the Internet is growing rapidly, as people orderbooks and other products to make money transactions.但是，因特网上的交易数量急速增长，人们从网上购书和其他的产品，进行资金交易。
2.They use them to prowl the Internet, looking for ways to break into computers systems runby banks, telephone companies and even government departments.他们用电脑上网，寻找能够进入银行电脑系统、电话公司的电脑系统、甚至是政府的电脑系统的方式。
3.The first indication of a security breach may be when a customer discovers a fraudulentmoney transaction on a credit card account.当顾客发现信用卡的帐号上出现了来历不明的消费时，这可能就是安全受到了破坏的第一个标志。
4.The use of credit cards to buy things on the Internet converts the issue of Internet securityinto one of general security.用信用卡在网上购物使网络安全变成了大众所普遍关注的安全的一种5.Few people think twice about giving a credit card number over the phone and many areequally careless about what happens to the carbon copy when completing a transaction over the counter.很多人会在电话里随意报出自己的信用卡号码，同样地，也有很多人不留意交易完成后放在银行柜台上的副本。
《科技英语阅读》课后名词解释和翻译
Unit1 mathematics名词解释绝对补集absolute complement / 代数algebra /代数式algebraic expression / 代数方程algebraic equation / 代数不等式algebraic inequality / 任意常数arbitrary constant / 数组array / 底数；基数base number / 连续函数continuous function / 函数function / 复合函数function of function / 函数记号functional notation / 集合aggregate / 子集subset /迭代函数iterative function/优先权之争priority battle/分形特征fractal properties/有意义make sense/以越来越小的规模重复同一模式patterns repeat themselves at smaller and smaller scales/混沌理论chaos theory/季刊a quarterly journal/数学界the mathematics community/波纹线crisp lines/会议公报proceedings of a conference翻译3. Translate the sentences into Chinese.1)他主要是因为用分形这个概念来描述（海岸线、雪花、山脉和树木）等不规则形状等现象而闻名于世，这些不规则形状在越来越小的规模上不断重复同一模式。
2)如果再仔细观察，就可以发现集的边界并没有呈波纹线，而是像火焰一样闪光。
3)但是，克朗兹在这场辩论中引入了一个新东西，他说曼德布洛特集不是曼德布洛特集发明的，而是早在“曼德布洛特集”这个术语出现几年以前就已经明确地在数学文献中出现了。
4)曼德布洛特同时也暗示即使布鲁克斯和马特尔斯基的论文先于他发表，但因为他们没有领会到其价值，仍然不能将他们看作是曼德布洛特集的发现者。
科技英语课文翻译
Unit 1大规模研究发现：地球的“健康”每况愈下有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析结果表明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。
由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统（包括干净的水源、纯净的空气以及稳定的气候）正遭受破坏。
以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。
据报告分析，随着人类对食物、淡水、木材、纤维以及燃料等资源的需求日趋激增，环境发生了极大的变化，引发了诸如滥伐森林、化学污染等问题。
因此，该报告的作者警告说，照此下去，本已岌岌可危的生态环境将会在21世纪的上半叶进一步恶化。
这项历史性的研究由来自世界95个国家的政府部门以及民间组织的1,300多位科学家共同完成。
四年来，他们考察了地球上许多生物的生长环境、物种以及将他们联系起来的生态体系。
联合国环境规划署对该报告进行了编辑整理并于昨天在中国北京公布了研究结果。
在公布该报告的新闻发布会上，联合国秘书长科菲·安南指出：“只有了解环境及其运作过程，我们才能制定出必要的措施加以保护它。
”他还说，“只有珍惜所有宝贵的自然资源和人类资源，我们才有希望去建设一个可持续发展的未来。
”对社会经济的影响该报告对自然界的大部分生物多样性持悲观态度，地球上可能有10%—30%的哺乳动物，鸟类以及两栖动物濒临灭绝。
这次大规模生态调查是根据安南的《千年发展目标》展开的，该发展目标是由联合国发起的，旨在2015年之前大幅减少饥饿与极度贫困等社会经济问题。
总部位于内罗毕的联合国环境规划署执行主席克劳斯·托普弗说：“从某些方面来说，《千年生态系统评估综合报告》让我们首次认识到生态系统服务功能的经济价值，并使我们对尊重和保护地球生命维护系统有了新的见解。
”目前由于人类社会对地球环境的开发利用，食物供应不断增加，然而增长的速度仍然太慢，难以完成联合国制定的在2015年之前消除全球一半饥饿人口的目标。
科技英语课文翻译及课后答案
第一单元自动化第二部分阅读A自动化的含义“自动化”已经是，而且现在仍然是，一个被大量滥用的词。
但是，人们对其确切的意义以及所包括的内容，正在逐渐地有了较为正确的了解。
如果不是下一个定义的话，我也许可以尝试作些解释，把自动化说成是一个概念。
运用这个概念，人们通过对机器装置的性能进行充分的测量、观察和控制，从而使其以最高的效率运转。
这需要对这种装置的功能有一个详细而连贯性的了解，以便需要时便能运用最佳的矫正操作。
自动化按其确切的意义，只有全面运用通信、计算和控制三个主要组成部分（“三C" )才能完全实现。
我认为，确保人们对合为一体的三个组成部分对我们的社会所蕴含着的某些意义有所认识和了解，是很有必要的。
首先，我们不妨考虑工业部门之一的炼钢工业。
在炼钢工业中，自动化已经开始成型。
到过钢厂的人都会知道从高炉开始的各种工艺流程的一些情况，成品条钢或板钢生产出来之后，再准备送往制造工艺车间或汽车厂，这些工艺流程是相互链接的。
为了使工厂中各个车间充分发挥效率，可以使用计算机来控制每个车间。
在此之前，计算机工作所需要的一切资料均输入机内。
就高炉来说，需要给计算机提供装人高炉的原料的信息、高炉工作温度的信息和处理各种各样配料的最好方法等方面的资料。
钢厂的高炉操作是一项复杂而要求技术熟练的作业，需要大量的知识和大量的综合信息，并迅速地做出判定选择，以便确保高炉工艺流程中的下一阶段的有效工作。
计算机对所有这一切都了解得很透彻，能够做出非常大量的中间判定，并且能够把全部信息立刻和不间断地提供给管理人员，以使他们做出高效管理这个工厂所需要的最后决定。
由此产生的信息数据和判定要进行处理，然后转送到下一个工序。
在这里，对操作的一些专门细节再次进行整理，提出最佳和最终的判定，然后对这些信息再一次进行处理并输送给下一道工序。
同时，当信息数据从生产单元的一道工序输送到下一工序并完全结合成为一项新的操作时，每次变化的结果反馈到最初阶段，而且，不断地做进一步的调整，结果是整个工厂的工艺流程便能够高效率地进行下去。
科技英语入门课文翻译及单词总结
Unit onemilitary军事的，军用的geometry几何学trigonometry三角学algebra代数学variable quantity变量proposition命题postulate假设．假定electromagnetism电磁学Unit TwoVirtualization虚拟Unit Threeconfiguration配置topology拓扑学interoperability互操作性Unit fouranalog electronics 模拟电子技术transistor双极型晶体管amplification放大semiconductor半导体current 电流bipolar 双极型emitter(E) (晶体管的)发射极base(B) (晶体管的)基极collector(C) (晶体管的)集电极switch 开关voltage 电压gain 增益saturated饱和的load 负载grid（G）（MOS管的）栅极drain（D）（MOS管的）漏极source（S）（MOS管的）源极enhancement MOS transistor增强型金属氧化物半导体(MOS)晶体管MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) exhausted MOS transistor耗尽型金属氧化物半导体(MOS)晶体管bias circuit 偏置电路operational amplifier circuit运算放大电路rectification整流regulation稳压DC power supply 直流电源mother board主板，母板wafer 晶片integrated circuit(IC) 集成电路package 封装pin 引脚stripboard 条形焊接板breadboard 面包板anti—clockwise 逆时针方向notch凹槽solder 焊接heat sink 散热片chip holder 芯片插座screwdriver 螺丝起子Unit Fivedigital logic circuit 数字逻辑电路high level 高电平low level 低电平rectangular wave方波digital electronics 数字电子技术decimal 十进制binary 二进制octal 八进制hexadecimal十六进制algebra 代数学variable 变量gate门电路combinational logic circuit组合逻辑电路encoder 编码器decoder 译码器data selector 数据选择器numeric comparator 数值比较器parity checker奇偶校验器output expression 输出方程flip-flop 触发器sequential logic circuits时序逻辑电路register 寄存器counter 计数器driving equation 驱动方程state equation 状态方程sequential chart 时序图civil 民用的military 军用的D-FF(D-flip-flop) D触发器trigger 触发positive edge 上升沿asynchronously异步地simultaneously同步地frequency division 分频arbitrary任意的cascade 级联Unit Seveninformation 信息waveform 波形pulse 脉冲amplitude 振幅，幅度phase 相位，位相modulation 调制，调整，调节demodulation 解调detection 检测carrier 载波trapezoidal梯形的envelope 包络index 指数over-modulation 过调制baseband 基带analog 模拟sample 取样digitize 使(数据)数字化（黑体要求拼写其余要求面熟----WZQ）Unit Two Passage AComputer Problem SolvingThe hardware of虽然一部计算机的硬件能够被使用,但是没有组成电脑软件的程序就不能做任何事情. It’s crucial to understanding how software works in a modern computing system.。
科技英语课文段落翻译
1、p16第1段第四行P r o g r a m s u s u a l l y r e s i d e……，a n d s p e e d.Programs usually reside within the computer and are retrieved and processed by the computer’s electronic, and the program results are stored or routed to output devices ,such as video display monitors or printers. Computers are used to perform a wide variety of activities with reliability ,accuracy, and speed.程序通常贮存在计算机中，计算机的电子器件会对其进行检索和处理，程序结果会被存起来或传给输出装置，如视频显示器或打印机。
人们运用计算机进行各种各样的活动，它可靠，准确而且快捷。
2、p17第5段L a p t o p c o m p u t e r s a n d P C s....t o d i s p l a y i n f o r m a t i o n（倒数第三行）Laptop computers and PCs are typically used in businesses and at home to communicate on computer networks, for word processing ,to track finances ,and to play games. They have large amounts of internal memory to store hundreds of programs and documents. They are equipped with a keyboard; a mouse, trackball, or other pointing device; and a video display monitor or liquid crystal display(LCD)to display information.典型情况下，商务上和家庭中使用膝上电脑和个人电脑在计算机网络上进行通信，进行文字处理，跟踪金融行市以及玩游戏。
科技英语英汉互译
科技英语英汉互译Technology English Chinese Translation科技技术 - Technology计算机 - Computer软件 - Software硬件 - Hardware电子邮件 - Email互联网 - Internet网页 - Web page网络安全 - Cybersecurity人工智能 - Artificial Intelligence机器学习 - Machine Learning大数据 - Big Data云计算 - Cloud Computing数据挖掘 - Data Mining虚拟现实 - Virtual Reality增强现实 - Augmented Reality物联网 - Internet of Things智能手机 - Smartphone平板电脑 - Tablet移动应用程序 - Mobile Application社交媒体 - Social Media无人驾驶 - Self-driving机器人 - Robot无线通信 - Wireless Communication传感器 - Sensor3D打印 - 3D Printing生物技术 - Biotechnology太阳能 - Solar Energy可再生能源 - Renewable Energy核能 - Nuclear Energy人类基因组学 - Human genomics基因编辑 - Gene Editing基因工程 - Genetic Engineering基因改造食品 - Genetically Modified Food 生物多样性 - BiodiversityDNA - DNARNA - RNA基因 - Gene细胞 - Cell分子 - Molecule原子 - Atom电子 - Electron光子 - Photon电路 - Circuit微处理器 - Microprocessor芯片 - Chip操作系统 - Operating System数据存储 - Data Storage计算机网络 - Computer Network主机 - Host服务器 - Server防火墙 - Firewall软件开发 - Software Development编程 - Programming算法 - Algorithm编码 - CodingDebug - 调试界面 - Interface硅 - Silicon导电 - Conductive线路板 - PCB (Printed Circuit Board)电路图 - Circuit Diagram程序员 - Programmer工程师 - Engineer科学家 - Scientist实验室 - Laboratory项目经理 - Project Manager创业公司 - Startup Company软件工程 - Software Engineering网络安全专家 - Cybersecurity Expert数据科学家 - Data Scientist人机交互 - Human-Computer Interaction 信息技术 - Information Technology半导体 - Semiconductor技术支持 - Technical Support创新 - Innovation。
科技英语课后翻译整理
Unit 11.在历时四年的研究中，科学家调查了地球上的许多生境、物种以及将它们联系起来的生态体系。
For four years the scientists examined the planet’s many habitats and species and the systems that bind them together.2.《千年生态系统评估综合报告》为人们提供了认识生态系统经济价值的全新视角，也为人们尊重和保护地球的生命支持体系提供了新的论据。
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report gives people a new insight into the economic importance of ecosystem services and some new and additional arguments for respecting and conserving the Earth’s life-support system.3.科学家认为，水文系统的改变可能导致破坏性洪灾的发生更加频繁和严重。
According to the scientists, changes to water systems may increase the frequency and severity of destructive floods.4.从经济角度看，与那些被用于商业开发的生态系统相比，很多原始生态系统的价值更高。
From an economic perspective, compared with the ecosystems altered for commercial use, many intact ones are more valuable.5.如何在利用地球生态系统提高人类生活水平的同时，缓解该系统所承受的压力，完全取决于人类社会。
《科技英语翻译》_赵玉闪_课后习题翻译_567单元_打印电子版_研究生课程
7Thus electricity is seen to be a form of energy by which power be taken up at one place and rapidly---and generally very efficiently---delivered at another. 于是,电能被看作能量的一种形式，可把动力以电的形式迅速地，而且通常是非常高效率地由一个地方输送到另一个地方。
The process is similar to that performed at the transmit end, and the carriers are suppressed within the balanced modulation. 此项过程与发送端所进行的相似，载波被压制在平衡调制器内。
Pure oxygen must be given to patients in certain circumstances. 在某些情况下必须给病人纯氧气。
Because it is not heavy for the power it gives, a petrol engine is still used in small aircraft. 就功率来说，汽油发动机不算重，因此，现在的小型飞机仍然使用它。
Innovative glass technology has been driven by increasing concern with climate changes, energy conservation, and urban sustainability. 人类日益关注气候变化，关注节约能源和城市可持续发展，这推动了玻璃技术不断创新。
A lot has been found out about the journeys of migrating birds by marking the birds with aluminum rings put on one leg. 候鸟的旅行情况，很多是靠在鸟腿上套个铝环作标记查明的。
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Unit 11.在历时四年的研究中，科学家调查了地球上的许多生境、物种以及将它们联系起来的生态体系。
For four years the scientists examined the planet’s many habitats and species and the systems that bind them together.2.《千年生态系统评估综合报告》为人们提供了认识生态系统经济价值的全新视角，也为人们尊重和保护地球的生命支持体系提供了新的论据。
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report gives people a new insight into the economic importance of ecosystem services and some new and additional arguments for respecting and conserving the Earth’s life-support system.3.科学家认为，水文系统的改变可能导致破坏性洪灾的发生更加频繁和严重。
According to the scientists, changes to water systems may increase the frequency and severity of destructive floods.4.从经济角度看，与那些被用于商业开发的生态系统相比，很多原始生态系统的价值更高。
From an economic perspective, compared with the ecosystems altered for commercial use, many intact ones are more valuable.5.如何在利用地球生态系统提高人类生活水平的同时，缓解该系统所承受的压力，完全取决于人类社会。
It lies within the power of human societies to ease the strain we are putting on the nature services of the planet, while continuing to use them to bring better living standards to all.Unit 21.地球上的石油和天然气供应能维持多久，科学家和企业界人士对此各持己见。
Scientists and industry experts may disagree over how long the world’s supply of oil and nature gas will last.2.一般来说，再生能源比传统生产的能源要贵些，然而替代能源有助于减少污染，保护矿物燃料。
While renewable energy is generally more expensive than conventionally produced supplies, alternative power helps to reduce pollution and to conserve fossil fuels.3.如今在市场上，传统的光感太阳能装置能把11%至13%的阳光转化成能源。
Most traditional photovoltaic solar units on the market today convert between 11 and 13 percent of the sun’s light into energy.4.4美分。
Compared to other renewable energy sources, wind power competes with conventional energy at a price less than 4 cents per kilowatt-hour.5.虽然在美国几乎没有家庭利用风力发电，但许多能源公司允许消费者选择风力发电厂或其他再生能源产生的电力。
While few homes generate their own wind power in the U.S., many power companies allow consumers to opt for power generated at a wind plant or other renewable source.Unit 31.当温度低于零摄氏度或高于43摄氏度时，大多数的植被都会受到伤害甚或死亡。
If it falls below 1°Celsius or rise above 43°Celsius,serious injury or death results for most vegetation.2.从树和灌木的枝和叶我们就可以看出它们对环境的适应性。
这种适应性使之能获得最大限度的光和空气。
The stems and leaves of trees and shrubss show us some of the adaptations that enable a plant to get the maximum amount of light and air.3.它们没有叶绿素，靠其他动物或植物产生的有机物来生存，凡是在菌类植物茂盛的地方都可以找到这些有机物。
They have no chlorophyll,but subsisit on organic matter, produced by animals or other plants, that may be found wherever the fungi flourish.4.在海洋深处和湖泊，水潭底部的植物接受的阳光也是最少的，因为这些地方的光照很弱，甚至没有阳光。
Plants also receive a minimum of light in the depths of the sea or at the bottom of lakes and pools, since sunlight is weak or absent there. 5.人们认为它们在吸收了光之后，就把光能转化成了叶绿素，再进行光合作用。
It is suspected that after they absorb light,they transmit the energy from this light to chlorophyll,for photosynthesis.Unit 41.植物蒸腾作用消耗一部分降水，将它返回大气中。
部分水分保存在土壤或其他植物生长媒介中，其余部分则徐徐进入城市排水系统，减少大量降雨突至时城市水系承受的压力，而扩展城市水系则需要很高的费用。
Some of that water is lost when the vegtation transpires,or“exhales”the water back into the atmosphere. Some water is retained in the soil or other growing medium. The rest enters the urban rainwater drainage system in a slow,controlled flow,a process that helps dampen high-volume rainwater surges in urban water systems, which are expensive to expand.2.绿色屋顶能在多大程度上降低能源支出，这取决于屋顶的类型以及所在地区的气候条件。
在气候比较温暖的地区节省开支的可能性最大。
因为绿色屋顶的降温效率要高于采暖效率。
How much a green roof lowers energy costs depends on the type of roof and the climate in which it is installed. Warmer climates offer the greatest saving opportunities, since green roofs are more efficient at reducing air conditioning costs than they are at lowering heating bills.3.虽然绿色屋顶的成本较传统常规屋顶的成本高出1.5至2倍，但支持者认为，即使不考虑节能因素，从长远经济利益懒，屋顶绿化仍很划算。
While the costs of green roofs are one-and-a-half to twice that of conventional roofs,advocates say green roofs make long-term economic sense,even without factoring in energy savings.4.“即使在城市屋顶这样的环境下，我们也能够通过植物的季节变化感受到自然的规律”。
他们在给《国家地理新闻》的电子邮件中写到，“从设计角度看，屋顶绿化可以大大提升美化效果，创造显著生态效益。
”“Nature’s rhythm is made visible by seasonal changes in the vegetation,even in a n urban roof environment,”they wrote in an e-mail to National Geogr aphic News.“In terms of design,roof planting represents a considerable aesthetic improvement and altogether a significant ecological benefit.”5.芝加哥绿色技术中心举办屋顶绿化技术示范园，向开发商、建筑商甚至学生展示相关产品。
该中心同时还是研究中心，邀请主要供应商们到此装配各种各样的绿色屋顶以供观测与比较。
At the Chicago Center for Green Technology, demos showcase green-roof technology to everyone from developers and builders to schoolchildren. The center also serves as a research center, where leading suppliers are invited to install different green-roof plots that are monitored and compared.Unit 51.除此之外还有迅速增加的嵌入式电脑（即那些用于移动电话、加油泵和零售点计价系统中的电脑），其功能和复杂性迅速接近台式电脑。