(完整word版)过去式的变化规则
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【过去式的变化规则】
①一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加ed。
如:wanted,played。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加d。
如:hoped,lived。
③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed。如:stopped, shipped。
④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加ed。
如:studied,worried。
⑤有些动词不符合上面的规则,需要特殊记忆。
如:am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, eat-ate,
Swim-swam, buy-bought, see-saw,
Teach-taught, bring-brought, think-thought,
Fall-fell, hurt-hurt, break-broke, win-won,
Lose-lost
规则动词过去式加“ed”后的发音规则:
在浊辅音和元音后面[d]
Called borrowed
Moved [mu:vd] enjoyed
Welcomed answered
在清辅音后面[t]
Asked finished
helped [helpt]
passed [pa:st]
Reached
在[t]音后面[id]
wanted ['wCntid] started['sta:tid]
[d]音后面[id]
Needed ['ni:did] counted['kauntid]0
清:/p//t//k//f//F/s//W//tF//ts//tr/
浊:/b//d//g//v//V//z//T//dV//dz//dr/
补充说明:
规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成,具体变化有:
1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned
2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如:like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved
3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop—stopped, trip—tripped
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed。如:study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married
不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法:
1. 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat
2. 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent
3. 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4. 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew
5. 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt
6. 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。如:sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank
规则动词的过去式变化如下:
1、一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed ,如:
work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted
2、以不发音的-e 结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:
live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped
3、以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:
study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop ---stopped
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go – went make – made get – got buy - bought come - came fly-flew
不规则动词的过去式的构成
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:
feed—fed,meet—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:
sell—sold,tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如:bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught 11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:
come—came,become—became