生物化学蛋白质二优秀课件

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(半胱氨酸)
Asparagine(N) R= CH2CONH2 (天冬酰氨)
Glutamine(Q) R= CH2CH2CONH2 (谷氨酰氨)
Glycine(G)
R= H
(甘氨酸)
蛋白质的高级结构 Secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure
The function of a protein is determined by its 3dimensional shape or its conformation. (蛋白质的功能决定于其三维结构和构象)
(脯氨酸)
e. Phenylalanine(F) R= C6H5CH2
(苯丙氨酸)
f.
Methionine(M)
R= CH2CH2SCH3 (蛋氨酸)
g. Isoleucine(I)
R= CHCH3CH2CH3 (异亮氨酸)
h. Leucine(L)
R= CH2CH(CH3)2 (亮氨酸)
i.
Tryptophan(W) R= CH2C8H6N
The alpha-helix α-螺旋
Loops
Alpha-helices presented as coiled ribbon drawings α-螺旋的一种表示方式
Alpha-helix has a net dipole moment (α-螺旋具有偶极矩)
维持蛋白质三维结构和构象的主要作用力
Hydrogen bonds(氢键) it is the main force to maintain the secondary structures of a protein.
Hydrophobic interactions(疏水作用) formed by nonpolar side chains of amino acid residues, preferably clustering in the hydrophobic core of a protein.
The non-covalent forces maintaining protein structure include hydrog源自文库n bonds, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic bonds and Van de Waals forces. (几种非共价作用力维持蛋白质的正确构象:氢键; 疏水作用;静电作用和范氏引力)
It is the H bonds that link one peptide group to another, to constitute secondary structure for proteins: α- helices ( α-螺 旋)andβ-pleated sheets ( β-折叠)
生物化学蛋白质二
(氨基酸分类)
Basic structure: H2NCHCOOH(基本结构)
R
a. Hydrophobic amino acids(疏水性氨基酸)
b. Alanine(A)
R= CH3
(丙氨酸)
c. Valine(V)
R= CH(CH3)2
(缬氨酸)
d. Proline(P)
R= C4H7N
By using database of protein structures, people are able to predict the 3d structure of a polypeptide according to its primary sequence (利用已有的序列-结构数据库,可以根据氨基酸序 列预测多肽的三维结构).
Van der Waals interactions(范氏作用力) are ubiquitous in proteins
Electrostatic interactions (静电作用)
backbone
Side chains
Amino acid sequence of a protein is highly informative, which contains all the information for folding the polypeptide chain into its native structure. (蛋白质如何折叠成正确的三维结构由基因编码的 氨基酸序列所决定)
Lysine(K)
R= CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2 (赖氨酸)
Arginine(R)
R= CH2CH2CH2NHC=NH(NH2) (精氨酸)
c. Polar amino acids(极性氨基酸)
Serine(S)
R= CH2OH
(丝氨酸)
Threonine(T) R= CHOHCH3 (苏氨酸)
Secondary structure in protein 蛋白质的二级结构
Amide planes: the basic structural blocks of protein (酰胺平面是蛋白质高级结构的 基本模块)
Rotations: angles θ,Φ,Ψ (酰胺平面的旋转)
A hydrogen bond between the amide proton and carboxyl oxygen of adjacent peptide groups. (维持蛋白质二级结构的主要作用力来自于氢键)
Tyrosine(Y)R= CH2C6H4OH (酪氨酸)
Histidine(H)
R= CH2C3H4N2 (组氨酸)
Classification of amino acids (continued)
c. Polar amino acids (continued) :
Cysteine(C) R= CH2SH
(色氨酸)
Classification of amino acids (continued)
b. Charged amino acids(带电荷的氨基酸)
Aspartic acid(D) R= CH2COOH (天冬氨酸)
Glutamic acid(G) R= CH2CH2COOH (谷氨酸)
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