美国FDA批准药品Afinitor(everolimus,依维莫司)使用说明书
依昔洛伟用法-概述说明以及解释
依昔洛伟用法-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述依昔洛伟(Ivermectin),是一种广泛应用于临床医学领域的药物,被认为具有广谱的抗寄生虫活性。
它最初被发现用于治疗动物身上的寄生虫感染,后来也被应用于人类医疗领域。
依昔洛伟属于抗寄生虫药物类别,能有效地杀灭或抑制多种寄生虫的生长与繁殖。
在临床实践中,依昔洛伟已成功用于治疗多种寄生虫感染症,例如蛔虫病、纤毛虫病和疥疮等。
其作用机制主要是通过干扰寄生虫神经和神经肌肉功能,导致寄生虫死亡。
除了抗寄生虫作用外,依昔洛伟还被发现对病毒、细菌和炎症等具有抑制作用。
在实验室研究中,它能够减少病毒在细胞内的复制,这使得它对一些病毒感染的治疗具有潜在的应用前景。
此外,依昔洛伟还被用于治疗一些炎症性疾病,如皮肤炎和过敏性疾病等。
尽管依昔洛伟具有广泛的医学应用价值和良好的安全性,但它仍然需要在医生的指导下使用。
在使用依昔洛伟时,需要根据病人的情况、疾病的类型和严重程度来确定剂量以及疗程。
此外,依昔洛伟也可能会有一些副作用和相互作用,因此在使用前应仔细阅读相关的使用说明或咨询医生。
总而言之,依昔洛伟是一种被广泛应用于临床医学的药物,具有抗寄生虫、抑制病毒和炎症等多种作用。
然而,对于其作用机制和应用领域仍需深入研究,以进一步发掘和利用其潜力。
1.2文章结构1.2 文章结构本文将按照以下结构来进行阐述和讨论依昔洛伟的用法和相关内容:1. 引言1.1 概述- 在本部分,我们将对依昔洛伟进行简要介绍和概括,包括其定义、用途和作用等。
1.2 文章结构- 本部分将详细说明整篇文章的结构,使读者能够清晰地了解文章的组织和内容安排。
1.3 目的- 在本小节,我们将解释撰写此篇文章的目的和意义,包括为读者提供的信息和对依昔洛伟使用的指导。
2. 正文2.1 依昔洛伟的作用- 在本节,我们将详细介绍依昔洛伟的主要作用,并举例说明其在不同领域和情境下的应用,如医学、工程等。
2.2 依昔洛伟的使用方法- 在本部分,我们将提供使用依昔洛伟的具体步骤和方法,并讨论一些示例和技巧,以帮助读者更好地理解和应用依昔洛伟。
依 非 韦 伦 片 说 明 书 - 默沙东中国官方网站
依 非 韦 伦 片 说 明 书
请仔细阅读说明书并在医师指导下使用
【药品名称】 通 用 名:依 非 韦 伦 片 商 品 名:施 多 宁( STOCRIN) 英 文 名: Efavirenz Tablets 汉 语 拼 音:Yifeiweilun Pian 【成份】本 品 主 要 成 份 为 依 非 韦 伦 化 学 名 称 : (S)-6-氯–4-(环丙 基 乙炔基)-1,4-二氢–4-(三氟甲基)-2H-3,1– 氧氮杂萘–2–酮 。 化 学 结 构 式 :
F3C Cl O N H O
分 子 式 : C14H9ClF3NO2 分 子 量 : 315.68 【性状】 【适应症】 本品适用于与其他抗病毒药物联合治疗 HIV-1 感染的成人、青少年及儿童。 【规格】 600mg 【用法用量】 成人:本品与蛋白酶抑制剂和/或核苷类反转录酶抑制剂(NRTIs)合用的推荐剂量为口 服 600mg,每天 1 次。本品可与食物同服或另服。 为改善对神经系统不良反应的耐受性, 在治疗开始的二至四周以及持续出现这些症状的患 者中,建议临睡前服药(见【不良反应】 ) 。 1 600mg: 黄色类胶囊状薄膜衣片,除去包衣后显白色或类白色。
WPC-MK0831-MF-032012 MK0831-CHN-2013-007050
核准日期:2007 年 10 月 04 日 修改日期:2007 年 12 月 13 日 修改日期:2008 年 04 月 17 日 修改日期:2008 年 06 月 27 日 修改日期:2009 年 02 月 20 日 修改日期:2010 年 05 月 21 日 修改日期:2011 年 11 月 05 日 修改日期:2013 年 02 月 16 日 修改日期:2013 年 03 月 29 日
海正麦克丁(伊维菌素胶囊)使用说明
海正麦克丁(伊维菌素胶囊)【用法用量】1.类圆线虫病:推荐剂量是单剂量口服200μg/kg,用水送服。
通常情况下无需加量,但需随访以保证根治。
常用剂量如下:15-24kg者,剂量为半片(约3mg);25-34kg者,剂量为1片(约6mg);35-50kg者,剂量为1片半(约9mg);51-65kg者,剂量为2片(约12mg);66-79kg者,剂量为2片半(约15mg);大于80kg者,200μg/kg。
2.盘尾丝虫病:推荐剂量是单剂量口服150μg/kg,用水送服。
常用剂量如下:15-24g者,剂量为半片(约3mg);25-44kg 者,剂量为1片(约6mg);45-64kg者,剂量为1片半(约9mg);65-84kg者,剂量为2片(约12mg);大于80kg者,150μg/kg。
3.钩虫感染:14岁以上者单次口服12mg(相当于0.2mg/kg);14岁以下者单次口服6mg。
蛔虫感染14岁以上者单次口服6mg(相当于0.1mg/kg),14岁以下者单次口服3mg。
鞭虫感染14岁以上者单次口服12mg(相当于0.2mg/kg);14岁以下者单次口服6mg。
4.蛲虫感染:14岁以上者单次口服12mg(相当于0.2mg/kg);14岁以下者单次口服6mg。
【注意事项】1.有关历史资料说明抗丝虫药物[例如乙胺嗪枸橼酸盐(DEC-C)可引起盘尾丝微丝幼虫病人皮肤和(或)全身严重的变态反应(Mazzotti反应)及眼科反应。
这些反应可能是由于死亡的微丝幼虫尸体引起的过敏与炎症反应。
用伊维菌素治疗盘尾丝微丝幼虫病人在临床上可能出现这些反应,也许或肯定与药物本身有关。
2.用杀微丝蚴药物治疗后,出现过敏性盘尾丝虫性皮炎的患者更易发生严重不良反应,尤其是水肿及盘尾丝虫性皮炎加剧致癌性、致突变性及生殖毒性。
3.类圆线虫病患者在使用本品时,必须重复进行粪检以确定类圆线虫感染已得到清除。
4.本品不能杀死盘微丝虫成虫,因而,采用本品治疗盘微丝虫病时,需持续治疗。
维莫非尼片说明书
第 2 页/共 27 页
表1 基于不良事件的剂量调整方案
第 2 次出现(不可耐受)2 级或 3 级 AE, 暂时中断治疗,直至不良事件恢复至 0-1 级。恢复用药时给药剂量为
或治疗中断后未缓解
480mg,每日两次(如果之前剂量已经降低到 480mg,每日两次,永
久性停药)
第 3 次出现(不可耐受)2 级或 3 级 AE, 永久性停药 或治疗中断后未缓解
4级
17
7
十分常见
代谢及营养类疾病
食欲减退
23
1
23
-
十分常见
体重减低
10
1
11
<1
十分常见
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病
咳嗽
15
-
17
-
十分常见
血管与淋巴管类疾病
血管炎
1
<1
2
-
常见
各类损伤、中毒及手术并发症
晒伤
17
<1
17
-
十分常见
感染及侵染类疾病
毛囊炎
8
<1
11
<1
十分常见
*使用MedDRA报告药物不良反应,并使用NCI-CTCAE v 4.0(NCI常见毒性标准)进行毒性评价结果分级。 #根据研究者指南,全部皮肤鳞状细胞癌病例均作为3级事件进行报告,无须进行剂量调整或中断给药。
建议维莫非尼治疗应持续至疾病进展或发生不可接受的毒性反应(参见表 1 和表 2)。 漏服
Novartis的Afinitor获得FDA批准
Novartis的Afinitor获得FDA批准2016年2月26日,Novartis(诺华)宣布,美国FDA批准Afinitor® (everolimus,依维莫司) 片剂治疗成人渐进、分化、非功能性的胃肠道 (GI) 或肺起源的不能手术切除,局部晚期或转移性的神经内分泌瘤(NET)。
Afinitor同时授予优先审查的资格。
诺华肿瘤科主席Bruno Strigini表示,'Afinitor是第一个批准治疗肺起源的累进性,非功能性NET,而治疗这种GI NET有代表性的治疗案例基本没有。
我们很自豪我们Afinitor 发展项目,提供了几个不同的癌症和罕见疾病的治疗,具有现实意义'。
神经内分泌肿瘤是一种罕见癌症,起源于整个的身体的神经内分泌细胞,最常见的是胃肠道、肺或胰腺。
NET按定义可分为功能性或非功能性两种。
功能性的NET是由荷尔蒙和其他物质分泌过多引起的症状。
非功能性的NET特点由肿瘤的生长引起的症状,如GI NET的肠梗阻、疼痛和肺 NET的出血和哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和肺炎。
超过 70%的NET患者属于非功能性肿瘤。
在诊断过程中,NET中5%-44%(取决于肿瘤的起点) 的患者在胃肠道起源和 28%在肺起源,并且此时属于晚期阶段,癌症可能已经扩散到身体的其他部位,因此很难治疗。
肿瘤的持续的增长或扩散是通常是糟糕的状况了。
Afinitor 的批准基于关键的研究(RADIANT-4)的疗效和安全性数据,显示 Afinitor 降低患者渐进式、分化,非功能性GI或肺起源NET的风险达52%(风险比 [HR]=0.48; 95%可信区间[CI] 0.35-0.67; p < 0.001) vs 安慰剂。
另外,数据显示,Afinitor 延长平均无进展生存期 (PFS) 达7.1 个月。
在关键的试验中,最常见的治疗相关3/4级不良事件(AEs) (> = 5%) (Afinitor和安慰剂),分别感染 (11.0%vs 2.0%)、腹泻 (9.0%vs 2.0%)、口腔炎 (9.0%vs0.0%)、疲劳 (5.0%vs 1.0%) 和高血糖 (5.0%vs 0.0%)。
依维莫司项目简介
依维莫司项目简介【药品名称】通用名:依维莫司everolimus商品名:Certican Afinitor Zortress 飞尼妥化学名:40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素CAS: 159351-69-6结构式:【原研公司】诺华【剂型】片剂【规格】0.25 mg、0.5 mg、0.75 mg、2.5 mg、5 mg、7.5 mg、10mg【类别】化药3+3类【适应症】1.与依西美坦联合用于治疗绝经期妇女的激素受体阳性、HER-2阴性晚期乳腺癌;2.治疗不可手术切除或已经扩散到身体其他部位的晚期胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤;3.用于成人的舒尼替尼或索拉非尼治疗失败的晚期肾癌;4.用于结节性硬化症(TSC)患者体内无须立即手术切除的肾脏非癌性肿瘤(肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤);5.用于不宜手术的结节性硬化症(TSC)患者的脑部良性肿瘤室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤6.预防成人肾移植和肝移植术后的排斥反应。
【用法用量】(1)10 mg每天1次有或无食物。
(2)治疗中断和/或剂量减低至5 mg每天1次可能需要处理不良药物反应。
(3)对有Child-Pugh类别B肝损伤患者,减低剂量至5 mg每天1次。
(4)如需要中度CYP3A4或P-糖蛋白(PgP)抑制剂,减低AFINITOR剂量至2.5 mg每天1次;如耐受考虑增加至5 mg每天1次。
(5)如需要CYP3A4的强诱导剂,增加AFINITOR剂量 5 mg增量至最大20 mg每天1次。
【药理】依维莫司是西罗莫司的衍生物,又称40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素,或40-O-(2-羟乙基)-西罗莫司,属于干扰细胞通讯防止肿瘤细胞生长的激酶类药物,是一种口服哺乳动物雷帕霉素(mTOR)抑制剂,以往临床上主要用来预防肾移植和心脏移植手术后的排斥反应。
目前也可用于治疗已使用过两种抑制血管内皮生长因子受体激酶抑制剂:舒尼替尼(Sutent,辉瑞制药)和索拉非尼(Nexavar,拜耳制药)的晚期肾癌患者,而且毒副作用较轻微。
治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌药品Afatinib使用说明书
阿法替尼于2013年7月12日获美国食品及药物管理局(FDA)核准上市,作为新型一线治疗药物,应用于通过经FDA批准的检测方法检出存在表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)外显子19缺失突变或外显子21(L858R)替代突变的转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者。
欧盟药物管理机构(European Medicines Agency)亦于2013年7月25日核准“阿法替尼”用于医治因表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者。
【购药须知】美国是医药分开的国家,药房全部实行严格的处方药与非处方药分类管理。
对处方药的销售,必须凭美国医生(电子/纸质)处方。
如今国内患者可以依托科技,通过好医友国际医疗平台实现远程的病历交互,由美国医生根据患者病情开具电子处方,以正规渠道在好医友美国药房购买到处方药。
【阿法替尼药品说明】商品名称:Gilotrif通用名称:阿法替尼/妥复克英文名称:Afatinib汉语拼音:Afatinipian【阿法替尼适应症】阿法替尼(妥复克)适用于晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的一线治疗及HER2阳性的晚期乳腺癌患者。
【阿法替尼用法用量】阿法替尼GILOTRIF的推荐剂量是40mg口服每天1次直至疾病进展或患者无较长耐受。
在餐前至少1小时或餐后2小时服用(妥复克)GILOTRIF。
【阿法替尼规格】40mg*28片/盒【阿法替尼不良反应】阿法替尼最常见的毒副作用是腹泻、阿法替尼价格疗效皮疹、恶心、高血压、厌食无症状的QT间期延长和蛋白尿。
随着剂量增加,可能出现低磷酸盐血症、毛囊炎、转氨酶升高、非特异性肠梗阻、血小板减小、充血性心衰、深静脉血栓、肺栓塞等。
阿法替尼(妥复克)最常见的剂量限制性毒性(DLTs)是腹泻、高血压和皮疹。
【阿法替尼注意事项】(1)腹泻:腹泻可能导致脱水和肾衰。
阿法替尼规格对严重和对抗腹泻药物无反应延长腹泻不给GILOTRIF。
(2)大疱和剥脱性皮肤疾病:阿法替尼片说明书0.15%患者中生严重大疱,起泡,和去角质病变。
依维莫司说明书,肾癌,乳腺癌依维莫司效果,适应症及用法用量
依维莫司说明书,肾癌,乳腺癌依维莫司效果,适应症及用法用量依维莫司,商品名为Afinitor(飞尼妥),由诺华研制开发的一种mTOR抑制剂,2009年3月30日该药通过FDA的快速审批,用于晚期肾癌患者的治疗。
依维莫司具有免疫抑制作用、抗肿瘤作用、抗病毒作用、血管保护作用等。
此外,依维莫司在美国也获批共计8个适应症。
靶向药作为针对特定靶点精准治疗的药物,并不是只有治疗单一的靶点效果才好,多靶点靶向药物效果同样出众,今天普医国际小编就来根据依维莫司适应症来一一介绍依维莫司效果及用法用量吧一、依维莫司针对晚期肾细胞癌服用剂量:每天一次,每次口服10m与食物同服或不同服皆可。
中度肝功能损害患者,减量服用飞尼妥1,每天一次,每次口服5mg。
如需同时服用中度CYP3A4抑制剂或P糖蛋白抑制剂如红霉素、氟康唑、维拉帕米,减量服用飞尼妥1,每天一次,每次口服2.5mg,如果患者能耐受,剂量可增至每次口服5mg效果:普医国际依维莫司针对抗肾细胞癌 2005年分子靶向药物治疗肾细胞癌得到了广泛的认可。
跟原来常用的免疫疗法相比,分子靶向药物有较大的进步意义。
据报道分子靶向药物治疗肾细胞癌后,患者预后情况较稳定,存活率有较大的提高,服用依维莫司组的受试者平均存活率约为5.5个月,而服用安慰组的受试者平均存活率约为1.9个月,结果具统计学意义;同时,依维莫司组的不良反应发生率大于5%,其中各种类型的感染约占10%,呼吸困难约占7%,疲劳感约占5%。
试验结果表明在治疗对舒尼替尼或索拉非尼无效的转移性肾细胞癌方依维莫司面具有一定的有效性且安全性较好二、依维莫司针对晚期乳腺癌。
包括三阴乳腺癌患者。
服用剂量:每日一次,每次口服10mg。
空腹或不空腹均可。
(微pygj86)依维莫司应该整片吞服。
不要咀嚼或压碎。
如果患者无法吞咽片剂,用药前将依维莫司片剂放入一杯约30ml的水中轻轻搅拌至完全溶解(大约需要7分钟)后服用。
然后,用相同容量的水清洗水杯并将清洗液全部服用,以确保服用了完整剂量。
依维莫司说明书,印度飞尼妥(依维莫司片)使用说明书
依维莫司说明书,印度飞尼妥(依维莫司片)使用说明书依维莫司片商品名:飞尼妥,AFINITOR汉语拼音称:YiWeiMiSiPian英文名称:Everolimus Tablets有效成份:依维莫司性状:飞尼妥(依维莫司)为白色或类白色片剂。
研发厂家:瑞士诺华制药版本:诺华依维莫司、印度依维莫司对接机构:印丽康医疗【依维莫司飞尼妥适应症】依维莫司主要适用于治疗以下患者:1、既往接受舒尼替尼或索拉非尼治疗失败的晚期肾细胞癌成人患者。
2、不可切除的、局部晚期或转移性的、分化良好的(中度分化或高度分化)进展期胰腺神经内分泌瘤成人患者。
3、需要治疗干预但不适于手术切除的结节性硬化症(TSC)相关的室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤(SEGA)成人和儿童患者。
【印度依维莫司微信:ybk577】【依维莫司飞尼妥用法用量】依维莫司片(飞尼妥)推荐剂量为每次口服10mg,每天一次,与食物同服或不同服皆可。
在每天同一时间服用。
用一杯水整片吞服片剂,不应咀嚼或压碎。
对于无法吞咽片剂的患者,用药前将依维莫司片剂放入一杯水中(约30ml)轻轻搅拌至完全溶解(大约需要7分钟)后立即服用。
用相同容量的水清洗水杯并将清洗液全部服用,以确保服用了完整剂量。
依维莫司需要吃多久才能停药?只要患者服用依维莫司存在临床获益就应持续治疗,或使用至出现不能耐受的毒性反应时。
【依维莫司副作用】服用依维莫司最常见不良反应(发生率≥30%)是咽炎、感染、无力、疲乏、咳嗽和腹泻。
【注意事项】1、非-感染性肺炎:建议监测临床症状,如果出现非-感染性肺炎,减低飞尼妥(依维莫司)剂量或停用飞尼妥(依维莫司)直至症状缓解。
2、感染:飞尼妥会增加感染风险。
建议监测体征和症状,及时治疗。
3、妊娠中使用:当给予妊娠妇女飞尼妥(依维莫司)时可能危害胎儿。
应告知妇女飞尼妥(依维莫司)对胎儿的潜在危害。
【禁忌】禁用于对飞尼妥及其它雷帕霉素衍生物或任何辅料过敏的患者。
Afinitor说明书
依维莫司片说明书【药品名称】通用名:依维莫司商品名:Afinitor®英文名:everolimus依维莫司是一种口服的雷帕霉素(mTOR)抑制剂,是西罗莫司(sirolimus,又称雷帕霉素,即rapamycin)的衍生物,故依维莫司又称40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素,或40-O-(2-羟乙基)-西罗莫司。
【开发与上市】诺华公司(Novartis)开发,于2009年在美国首次上市。
【美FDA批准的适应症】依维莫司是一种激酶抑制剂,适用于:1)舒尼替尼(sunitinib)或索拉非尼(sorafenib)治疗失败的晚期肾细胞癌。
2)需治疗但无法根治性手术切除的伴结节性硬化的室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤(SEGA)。
治疗SEGA的疗效是根据SEGA的体积改变来确定的。
尚未证明本品可使SEGA患者临床获益(例如改善肿瘤相关症状、延长总生存时间)。
【用法用量】1)晚期肾细胞癌:每天一次,每次口服10mg,与食物同服或不同服皆可。
中度肝功能损害患者,减量服用本品,每天一次,每次口服5mg。
如需同时服用中度CYP3A4抑制剂或P糖蛋白抑制剂(如红霉素、氟康唑、维拉帕米),减量服用本品,每天一次,每次口服2.5mg,如果患者能耐受,剂量可增至每次口服5mg。
如需同时服用CYP3A4强诱导剂(如利福平、苯妥英),增量服用本品,每次增加5mg,最大使用剂量可达每天一次,每次20mg。
2)室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤(SEGA)初始剂量随着患者体表面积(BSA)的不同而不同(BSA 0.5 m2 ~1.2 m2,初始剂量2.5 mg/天;BSA 1.3 m2 ~ 2.1 m2,5mg/天;BSA≥2.2 m2,7.5 mg/天),随后滴定剂量使血药谷浓度达到5-10 ng/mL。
如需同时服用中度CYP3A4抑制剂或P糖蛋白抑制剂,大约减量50%服用本品。
随后的剂量需根据血药浓度监测结果(TDM,therapeutic drug monitoring)来调整。
诺华_依维莫司片英文说明书_2015.05.11
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATIONThese highlights do not include all the information needed to use ZORTRESS® (everolimus) safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for ZORTRESS.ZORTRESS (everolimus) tablets for oral useInitial U.S. Approval: 2010WARNING: MALIGNANCIES AND SERIOUS INFECTIONS,KIDNEY GRAFT THROMBOSIS; NEPHROTOXICITY; AND MORTALITY IN HEART TRANSPLANTATIONSee Full Prescribing Information for Complete Boxed Warning.• Only physicians experienced in immunosuppressive therapy and management of transplant patients should use Zortress. (5.1)• Increased susceptibility to infection and the possible development of malignancies may result from immunosuppression. (5.2, 5.3)• Increased incidence of kidney graft thrombosis. (5.4)• Reduced doses of cyclosporine are required for use in combination with Zortress in order to reduce nephrotoxicity. (2.4, 2.5, 5.6, 12.7,12.8)• Increased mortality in a heart transplant clinical trial. Use in heart transplantation is not recommended. (5.7)---------------------------RECENT MAJOR CHANGES--------------------------Dosage and Administration (2) 1/2015 Warnings and Precautions, Management ofImmunosuppression (5.1) 1/2015 Warnings and Precautions, Interstitial Lung Disease/Non-Infectious Pneumonitis (5.10) 11/2015---------------------------INDICATIONS AND USAGE---------------------------• Zortress is indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in adult patients: • Kidney transplant: at low-moderate immunologic risk. Use in combination with basiliximab, cyclosporine (reduced doses) and corticosteroids. (1.1) • Liver transplant: Administer no earlier than 30 days post-transplant. Use in combination with tacrolimus (reduced doses) and corticosteroids. (1.2, 5.5) Limitations of Use (1.3)Safety and efficacy has not been established in the following:• Kidney transplant patients at high immunologic risk.• Recipients of transplanted organs other than kidney or liver• Pediatric patients (<18 years)-------------------------DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION--------------------• Kidney transplantation: starting oral dose of 0.75 mg twice daily as soon as possible after transplantation. (2.1)• Liver transplantation: starting oral dose of 1.0 mg twice daily starting 30 days after transplantation. (2.2)• Monitor everolimus concentrations: Adjust maintenance dose to achieve trough concentrations within the 3-8 ng/mL target range (using LC/MS/MS assay method (2.1, 2.2, 2.3)• Administer consistently with or without food at the same time as cyclosporine or tacrolimus. (2.6, 12.3)• Mild hepatic impairment: Reduce initial daily dose by one-third (2.7) • Moderate or Severe hepatic impairment: Reduce initial daily dose by one-half. (2.7, 12.6)-------------------------DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS------------------Zortress is available as 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, and 0.75 mg tablets. (3)----------------------------------CONTRAINDICATIONS--------------------------• Hypersensitivity to everolimus, sirolimus, or to components of the drug product. (4)----------------------------WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS------------------• Angioedema (increased risk with concomitant ACE inhibitors): Monitor for symptoms and treat promptly. (5.8)• Delayed Wound Healing/Fluid Accumulation: Monitor symptoms; treat promptly to minimize complications. (5.9)• Interstitial Lung Disease/Non-Infectious Pneumonitis: Monitor for symptoms or radiologic changes; manage by dose reduction or discontinuation until symptoms resolve; consider use of corticosteroids. (5.10)• Hyperlipidemia (elevations of serum cholesterol and triglycerides): Monitor and consider anti-lipid therapy. (5.11)• Proteinuria (increased risk with higher trough concentrations): Monitor urine protein. (5.12)• Polyoma Virus Infections (activation of latent viral infections; BK-virus associated nephropathy): Consider reducing immunosuppression. (5.13)• TMA/TTP/HUS (concomitant use with cyclosporine may increase risk): Monitor for hematological changes or symptoms. (5.15)• New Onset Diabetes After Transplantation: Monitor serum glucose. (5.16) • Male Infertility: Azospermia or oligospermia may occur. (5.17, 13.1)• Immunizations: Avoid live vaccines. (5.18)----------------------------------ADVERSE REACTIONS--------------------------Most common adverse reactions were as follows:Kidney transplantation (incidence ≥20%): peripheral edema, constipation, hypertension, nausea, anemia, UTI, and hyperlipidemia. (6.1);Liver transplantation (incidence>10%): diarrhea, headache, peripheral edema, hypertension, nausea, pyrexia, abdominal pain, and leukopenia (6.1)To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation at 1-888-669-6682 or FDA at 1-800-FDA1088 or /medwatch.-----------------------------------DRUG INTERACTIONS-------------------------Strong-moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, verapamil) and CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin) may affect everolimus concentrations. (7.1) Consider Zortress dose adjustment (5.14)---------------------------USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS-------------------• Pregnancy: Based on animal data may cause fetal harm. (8.1)• Nursing Mothers: Discontinue drug or nursing. (8.3)See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and Medication GuideRevised: 11/2015FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS* WARNING: MALIGNANCIES AND SERIOUS INFECTIONS, KIDNEY GRAFT THROMBOSIS; NEPHROTOXICITY; AND MORTALITY IN HEART TRANSPLANTATION1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE1.1 Prophylaxis of Organ Rejection in Kidney Transplantation1.2 Prophylaxis of Organ Rejection in Liver Transplantation1.3 Limitations of Use2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION2.1 Dosage in Adult Kidney Transplant Patients2.2 Dosage in Adult Liver Transplant Patients2.3 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring -Everolimus2.4 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring-Cyclosporine in KidneyTransplant Patients2.5 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring-Tacrolimus in Liver TransplantPatients2.6 Administration2.7 Hepatic Impairment3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS4 CONTRAINDICATIONS4.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS5.1 Management of Immunosuppression5.2 Lymphomas and Other Malignancies5.3 Serious Infections5.4 Kidney Graft Thrombosis5.5 Hepatic Artery Thrombosis5.6 Zortress and Calcineurin Inhibitor-Induced Nephrotoxicity5.7 Heart Transplantation5.8 Angioedema5.9 Wound Healing and Fluid Accumulation5.10 Interstitial Lung Disease/Non-Infectious Pneumonitis5.11 Hyperlipidemia5.12 Proteinuria5.13 Polyoma Virus Infections5.14 Interaction with Strong Inhibitors and Inducers of CYP3A45.15 Thrombotic Microangiopathy/Thrombotic ThrombocytopenicPurpura/Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (TMA/TTP/HUS)5.16 New Onset Diabetes After Transplant5.17 Male Infertility5.18 Immunizations5.19 Interaction with Grapefruit Juice5.20 Patients with Hereditary Disorders/Other6 ADVERSE REACTIONS6.1 Serious and Otherwise Important Adverse Reactions6.2 Clinical Studies Experience6.3 Postmarketing Experience7 DRUG INTERACTIONS7.1 Interactions with Strong Inhibitors or Inducers of CYP3A4 and Pglycoprotein7.2 Cyclosporine (CYP3A4/P-gp Inhibitor and CYP3A4 Substrate)7.3 Ketoconazole and Other Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors7.4 Erythromycin (Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitor)7.5 Verapamil (CYP3A4 and P-gp Substrate)7.6 Atorvastatin (CYP3A4 substrate) and Pravastatin (P-gp substrate)7.7 Simvastatin and Lovastatin7.8 Rifampin (Strong CYP3A4/P-gp Inducers)7.9 Midazolam (CYP3A4/5 substrate)7.10 Other Possible Interactions7.11 Octreotide7.12 Tacrolimus8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS8.1 Pregnancy8.3 Nursing Mothers8.4 Pediatric Use8.5 Geriatric Use8.6 Hepatic Impairment8.7 Renal Impairment10 OVERDOSAGE11 DESCRIPTION12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY12.1 Mechanism of Action12.3 Pharmacokinetics12.5 Drug-Drug Interactions12.6 Specific Populations12.7 Everolimus Whole Blood Concentrations Observed in Kidneyand in Liver Transplant Patients12.8 Cyclosporine Concentrations Observed in Kidney TransplantPatients12.9 Tacrolimus Concentrations in Liver Transplant13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility14 CLINICAL STUDIES14.1 Prevention of Organ Rejection after Renal Transplantation14.2 Prevention of Organ Rejection after Liver Transplantation16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION* Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not listedFULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATIONWARNING: MALIGNANCIES AND SERIOUS INFECTIONS, KIDNEY GRAFT THROMBOSIS;NEPHROTOXICITY; AND MORTALITY IN HEART TRANSPLANTATIONMalignancies and Serious Infections• Only physicians experienced in immunosuppressive therapy and management of transplant patients should prescribe Zortress. Patients receiving the drug should be managed in facilities equipped and staffed with adequate laboratory and supportive medical resources. The physician responsible for maintenance therapy should have completeinformation requisite for the follow-up of the patient. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]• Increased susceptibility to infection and the possible development of malignancies such as lymphoma and skin cancer may result from immunosuppression. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.2 and 5.3)]Kidney Graft Thrombosis• An increased risk of kidney arterial and venous thrombosis, resulting in graft loss, was reported, mostly within the first 30 days post-transplantation. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]Nephrotoxicity• Increased nephrotoxicity can occur with use of standard doses of cyclosporine in combination with Zortress.Therefore reduced doses of cyclosporine should be used in combination with Zortress in order to reduce renaldysfunction. It is important to monitor the cyclosporine and everolimus whole blood trough concentrations. [See Dosage and Administration (2.4 and 2.5) and Warnings and Precautions (5.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.7 and12.8)]Mortality in Heart Transplantation• Increased mortality, often associated with serious infections, within the first three months post-transplantation was observed in a clinical trial of de novo heart transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive regimens with or without induction therapy. Use in heart transplantation is not recommended. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE1.1 Prophylaxis of Organ Rejection in Kidney TransplantationZortress is indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in adult patients at low-moderate immunologic risk receiving a kidney transplant. [See Clinical Studies (14.1)] Zortress is to be administered in combination with basiliximab induction and concurrently with reduced doses of cyclosporine and with corticosteroids. Therapeutic drug monitoring of everolimus and cyclosporine is recommended for all patients receiving these products. [See Dosage and Administration (2.2 and 2.3)] 1.2 Prophylaxis of Organ Rejection in Liver TransplantationZortress is indicated for the prophylaxis of allograft rejection in adult patients receiving a liver transplant. Zortress is to be administered no earlier than 30 days post-transplant concurrently in combination with reduced doses of tacrolimus and with corticosteroids [See Warnings and Precautions (5.5) and Clinical Studies (14.2)]. Therapeutic drug monitoring of everolimus and tacrolimus is recommended for all patients receiving these products. [See Dosage and Administration (2.3 and 2.5)]1.3 Limitations of UseThe safety and efficacy of Zortress has not been established in the following populations:Kidney transplant patients at high immunologic riskRecipients of transplanted organs other than kidney and liver [See Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]Pediatric patients (<18 years).2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATIONPatients receiving Zortress may require dose adjustments based on everolimus blood concentrations achieved, tolerability, individual response, change in concomitant medications and the clinical situation. Optimally, dose adjustments of Zortress should be based on trough concentrations obtained 4 or 5 days after a previous dosing change. Dose adjustment is required if the trough concentration is below 3 ng/mL. The total daily dose of Zortress should be doubled using the available tablet strengths (0.25 mg, 0.5 mg or 0.75 mg). Dose adjustment is also required if the trough concentration is >8ng/mL on 2 consecutive measures; the dose of Zortress® should be decreased by 0.25 mg b.i.d. [See Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (2.3) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]2.1 Dosage in Adult Kidney Transplant PatientsAn initial Zortress dose of 0.75 mg orally twice daily (1.5 mg per day) is recommended for adult kidney transplant patients in combination with reduced dose cyclosporine, administered as soon as possible after transplantation. [See Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (2.3, 2.4), Clinical Studies (14.1)]Oral prednisone should be initiated once oral medication is tolerated. Steroid doses may be further tapered on an individualized basis depending on the clinical status of patient and function of graft.2.2 Dosage in Adult Liver Transplant PatientsStart Zortress at least 30 days post-transplant. An initial dose of 1.0 mg orally twice daily (2.0 mg per day) is recommended for adult liver transplant patients in combination with reduced dose tacrolimus. [See Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (2.3 and 2.5), Clinical Studies (14.2)]Steroid doses may be further tapered on an individualized basis depending on the clinical status of patient and function of graft.2.3 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring -EverolimusRoutine everolimus whole blood therapeutic drug concentration monitoring is recommended for all patients. The recommended everolimus therapeutic range is 3 to 8 ng/mL. [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.7)] Careful attention should be made to clinical signs and symptoms, tissue biopsies, and laboratory parameters. It is important to monitor everolimus blood concentrations, in patients with hepatic impairment, during concomitant administration of CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors, when switching cyclosporine formulations and/or when cyclosporine dosing is reduced according to recommended target concentrations. [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.7, 12.8)]There is an interaction of cyclosporine on everolimus, and consequently, everolimus concentrations may decrease if cyclosporine exposure is reduced. There is little to no pharmacokinetic interaction of tacrolimus on everolimus, and thus, everolimus concentrations do not decrease if the tacrolimus exposure is reduced. [See Drug Interactions (7.2)]The everolimus recommended therapeutic range of 3 to 8 ng/mL is based on an LC/MS/MS assay method. Currently in clinical practice, everolimus whole blood trough concentrations may be measured by chromatographic or immunoassay methodologies. Because the measured everolimus whole blood trough concentrations depend on the assay used, individual patient sample concentration values from different assays may not be interchangeable. Consideration of assay results must be made with knowledge of the specific assay used. Therefore, communication should be maintained with the laboratory performing the assay.2.4 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring-Cyclosporine in Kidney Transplant PatientsBoth cyclosporine doses and the target range for whole blood trough concentrations should be reduced, when given in a regimen with Zortress, in order to minimize the risk of nephrotoxicity. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.6), Drug Interactions (7.2), Clinical Pharmacology (12.8)]The recommended cyclosporine therapeutic ranges when administered with Zortress are 100 to 200 ng/mL through Month 1 post-transplant, 75 to 150 ng/mL at Months 2 and 3 post-transplant, 50 to 100 ng/mL at Month 4 post-transplant, and 25 to 50 ng/mL from Month 6 through Month 12 post-transplant. The median trough concentrations observed in the clinical trial ranged between 161 to 185 ng/mL through Month 1 post-transplant and between 111 to 140 ng/mL at Months 2 and 3 post-transplant. The median trough concentration was 99 ng/mL at Month 4 post-transplant and ranged between 46 to 75 ng/mL from Months 6 through Month 12 post-transplant. [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.8) and Clinical Studies (14.1)] Cyclosporine, USP Modified is to be administered as oral capsules twice daily unless cyclosporine oral solution or intravenous administration of cyclosporine cannot be avoided. Cyclosporine, USP Modified should be initiated as soon as possible -and no later than 48 hours -after reperfusion of the graft and dose adjusted to target concentrations from Day 5 onwards.If impairment of renal function is progressive the treatment regimen should be adjusted. In renal transplant patients, the cyclosporine dose should be based on cyclosporine whole blood trough concentrations. [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.8)]In renal transplantation, there are limited data regarding dosing Zortress with reduced cyclosporine trough concentrations of 25 to 50 ng/mL after 12 months. Zortress has not been evaluated in clinical trials with other formulations ofcyclosporine. Prior to dose reduction of cyclosporine it should be ascertained that steady-state everolimus whole blood trough concentration is at least 3 ng/mL. There is an interaction of cyclosporine on everolimus, and consequently, everolimus concentrations may decrease if cyclosporine exposure is reduced. [See Drug Interactions (7.2)]2.5 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring-Tacrolimus in Liver Transplant PatientsBoth tacrolimus doses and the target range for whole blood trough concentrations should be reduced, when given in a regimen with Zortress, in order to minimize the potential risk of nephrotoxicity. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.6), Clinical Pharmacology (12.9)]The recommended tacrolimus therapeutic range when administered with Zortress are whole blood trough (C-0h) concentrations of 3 to 5 ng/mL by three weeks after the first dose of Zortress (approximately Month 2) and through Month 12 post transplant.The median tacrolimus trough concentrations observed in the clinical trial ranged between 8.6 to 9.5 ng/mL at Weeks 2 and 4 post-transplant (prior to initiation of everolimus). The median tacrolimus trough concentrations ranged between 7 to 8.1 ng/mL at Weeks 5 and 6 post-transplant, between 5.2 to 5.6 ng/mL at Months 2 and 3 post-transplant, and between 4.3 to 4.9 ng/mL between Months 4 and 12 post-transplant. [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.9), Clinical Studies (14.2)] Tacrolimus is to be administered as oral capsules twice daily unless intravenous administration of tacrolimus cannot be avoided.In liver transplant patients, the tacrolimus dose should be based on tacrolimus whole blood trough concentrations. [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.9)]In liver transplantation, there are limited data regarding dosing Zortress with reduced tacrolimus trough concentrations of 3 to 5 ng/mL after 12 months. Prior to dose reduction of tacrolimus it should be ascertained that the steady-state everolimus whole blood trough concentration is at least 3 ng/mL. Unlike the interaction between cyclosporine and everolimus, tacrolimus does not affect everolimus trough concentrations, and consequently, everolimus concentrations do not decrease if the tacrolimus exposure is reduced.2.6 AdministrationZortress tablets should be swallowed whole with a glass of water and not crushed before use.Administer Zortress consistently approximately 12 hours apart with or without food to minimize variability in absorption and at the same time as cyclosporine or tacrolimus. [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]2.7 Hepatic ImpairmentWhole blood trough concentrations of everolimus should be closely monitored in patients with impaired hepatic function. For patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A), the initial daily dose should be reduced by approximately one-third of the normally recommended daily dose. For patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B or C), the initial daily dose should be reduced to approximately one-half of the normally recommended daily dose. Further dose adjustment and/or dose titration should be made if a patient’s whole blood trough concentration of everolimus, as measured by an LC/MS/MS assay, is not within the target trough concentration range of 3 to 8 ng/mL. [See Clinical Pharmacology (12.6)]3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHSZortress is available as 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, and 0.75 mg tablets.Table 1. Description of Zortress (everolimus) TabletsDosage Strength 0.25 mg 0.5 mg 0.75 mg Appearance White to yellowish, marbled, round, flat tablets with bevelled edgeImprint “C” on one side and “NVR”on the other “CH” on one side and“NVR” on the other“CL” on one side and“NVR” on the other4 CONTRAINDICATIONS4.1 Hypersensitivity ReactionsZortress is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to everolimus, sirolimus, or to components of the drug product.5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS5.1 Management of ImmunosuppressionOnly physicians experienced in management of systemic immunosuppressant therapy in transplantation should prescribe Zortress. Patients receiving the drug should be managed in facilities equipped and staffed with adequate laboratory and supportive medical resources. The physician responsible for the maintenance therapy should have complete information requisite for the follow-up of the patient. In limited data with the complete elimination of CNI (calcineurin inhibition), there was an increased risk of acute rejection.5.2 Lymphomas and Other MalignanciesPatients receiving immunosuppressants, including Zortress, are at increased risk of developing lymphomas and other malignancies, particularly of the skin. The risk appears to be related to the intensity and duration of immunosuppression rather than to the use of any specific agent.As usual for patients with increased risk for skin cancer, exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet light should be limited by wearing protective clothing and using a sunscreen with a high protection factor.5.3 Serious InfectionsPatients receiving immunosuppressants, including Zortress, are at increased risk of developing bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal infections, including opportunistic infections. [See Warnings and Precautions (5.13), Adverse Reactions (6.1, 6.2)] These infections may lead to serious, including fatal, outcomes. Because of the danger of over immunosuppression, which can cause increased susceptibility to infection, combination immunosuppressant therapy should be used with caution.Antimicrobial prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia and prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus (CMV) is recommended in transplant recipients.5.4 Kidney Graft ThrombosisAn increased risk of kidney arterial and venous thrombosis, resulting in graft loss, has been reported, usually within the first 30 days post-transplantation. [See Boxed Warning]5.5 Hepatic Artery ThrombosisMammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are associated with an increase in hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT). Reported cases mostly have occurred within the first 30 days post-transplant and most also lead to graft loss or death. Therefore, Zortress should not be administered earlier than 30 days after liver transplant.5.6 Zortress and Calcineurin Inhibitor-Induced NephrotoxicityIn kidney transplant recipients, Zortress with standard dose cyclosporine increases the risk of nephrotoxicity resulting in a lower glomerular filtration rate. Reduced doses of cyclosporine are required for use in combination with Zortress in order to reduce renal dysfunction. [See Boxed Warning, Indications and Usage (1.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.8)]In liver transplant recipients, Zortress has not been studied with standard dose tacrolimus. Reduced doses of tacrolimus should be used in combination with Zortress in order to minimize the potential risk of nephrotoxicity. [See Indications and Usage (1.2), Clinical Pharmacology (12.9)]Renal function should be monitored during the administration of Zortress. Consider switching to other immunosuppressive therapies if renal function does not improve after dose adjustments or if the dysfunction is thought to be drug related. Caution should be exercised when using other drugs which are known to impair renal function.5.7 Heart TransplantationIn a clinical trial of de novo heart transplant patients, Zortress in an immunosuppressive regimen with or without induction therapy, resulted in an increased mortality often associated with serious infections within the first three months post-transplantation compared to the control regimen. Use of Zortress in heart transplantation is not recommended.5.8 AngioedemaZortress has been associated with the development of angioedema. The concomitant use of Zortress with other drugs known to cause angioedema, such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may increase the risk of developing angioedema.5.9 Wound Healing and Fluid AccumulationZortress increases the risk of delayed wound healing and increases the occurrence of wound-related complications like wound dehiscence, wound infection, incisional hernia, lymphocele and seroma. These wound-related complications may require more surgical intervention. Generalized fluid accumulation, including peripheral edema (e.g., lymphoedema) and other types of localized fluid collection, such as pericardial and pleural effusions and ascites have also been reported.5.10 Interstitial Lung Disease/Non-Infectious PneumonitisA diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) should be considered in patients presenting with symptoms consistent with infectious pneumonia but not responding to antibiotic therapy and in whom infectious, neoplastic and other non-drug causes have been ruled-out through appropriate investigations. Cases of ILD, implying lung intraparenchymal inflammation (pneumonitis) and/or fibrosis of non-infectious etiology, some reported with pulmonary hypertension (including pulmonary arterial hypertension [PAH]) as a secondary event, have occurred in patients receiving rapamycins and their derivatives, including Zortress. Most cases generally resolve on drug interruption with or without glucocorticoid therapy. However, fatal cases have also occurred.5.11 HyperlipidemiaIncreased serum cholesterol and triglycerides, requiring the need for anti-lipid therapy, have been reported to occur following initiation of Zortress and the risk of hyperlipidemia is increased with higher everolimus whole blood trough concentrations. [See Adverse Reactions (6.2)] Use of anti-lipid therapy may not normalize lipid levels in patients receiving Zortress.Any patient who is administered Zortress should be monitored for hyperlipidemia. If detected, interventions, such as diet, exercise, and lipid-lowering agents should be initiated as outlined by the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. The risk/benefit should be considered in patients with established hyperlipidemia before initiating an immunosuppressive regimen containing Zortress. Similarly, the risk/benefit of continued Zortress therapy should be reevaluated in patients with severe refractory hyperlipidemia. Zortress has not been studied in patients with baseline cholesterol levels >350 mg/dL.Due to an interaction with cyclosporine, clinical trials of Zortress and cyclosporine in kidney transplant patients strongly discouraged patients from receiving the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors simvastatin and lovastatin. During Zortress therapy with cyclosporine, patients administered an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and/or fibrate should be monitored for the possible development of rhabdomyolysis and other adverse effects, as described in the respective labeling for these agents. [See Drug Interactions (7.7)]5.12 ProteinuriaThe use of Zortress in transplant patients has been associated with increased proteinuria. The risk of proteinuria increased with higher everolimus whole blood trough concentrations. Patients receiving Zortress should be monitored for proteinuria. [See Adverse Reactions (6.2)]5.13 Polyoma Virus InfectionsPatients receiving immunosuppressants, including Zortress, are at increased risk for opportunistic infections; including polyoma virus infections. Polyoma virus infections in transplant patients may have serious, and sometimes fatal, outcomes. These include polyoma virus-associated nephropathy (PVAN), mostly due to BK virus infection, and JC virus associated progressive multiple leukoencephalopathy (PML). PVAN has been observed in patients receiving immunosuppressants, including Zortress. PVAN is associated with serious outcomes; including deteriorating renal function and kidney graft loss. [See Adverse Reactions (6.2)] Patient monitoring may help detect patients at risk for PVAN. Reductions in immunosuppression should be considered for patients who develop evidence of PVAN or PML. Physicians should also consider the risk that reduced immunosuppression represents to the functioning allograft.5.14 Interaction with Strong Inhibitors and Inducers of CYP3A4Co-administration of Zortress with strong CYP3A4-inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, clarithromycin, telithromycin, ritonavir, boceprevir, telaprevir) and strong CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin, rifabutin) is not recommended without close monitoring of everolimus whole blood trough concentrations. [See Drug Interactions (7)]。
依维莫司胶质瘤治疗方案
一、引言胶质瘤是一种起源于神经胶质细胞的恶性肿瘤,是成人最常见的原发性脑肿瘤。
由于其发病机制复杂、恶性程度高、预后差等特点,胶质瘤的治疗一直是医学界关注的焦点。
近年来,随着分子生物学和生物技术的不断发展,针对胶质瘤的治疗方案也在不断更新。
本文将介绍一种基于依维莫司的胶质瘤治疗方案。
二、依维莫司的作用机制依维莫司(Everolimus)是一种口服的mTOR(哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白)抑制剂,通过抑制mTOR信号通路来发挥抗肿瘤作用。
mTOR信号通路在细胞生长、增殖、代谢和凋亡等过程中发挥重要作用,与多种肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。
在胶质瘤中,mTOR信号通路过度激活,导致肿瘤细胞无限增殖、侵袭和转移。
三、治疗方案1. 术前评估(1)明确诊断:通过影像学检查(如MRI、CT等)和病理学检查确诊为胶质瘤。
(2)评估肿瘤恶性程度:根据世界卫生组织(WHO)胶质瘤分级标准,对肿瘤进行分级。
(3)评估患者全身状况:了解患者年龄、性别、既往病史、肝肾功能、心肺功能等。
2. 术前准备(1)完善各项检查:包括血常规、尿常规、肝肾功能、电解质、血糖、心电图、胸部CT等。
(2)调整患者全身状况:如有高血压、糖尿病等慢性病,需进行相应的药物治疗。
(3)进行术前谈话,告知患者治疗方案及可能的风险。
3. 术前放疗对于部分胶质瘤患者,术前放疗可以提高手术切除率,降低肿瘤复发风险。
放疗剂量一般为30-50 Gy,分次照射。
4. 手术治疗(1)手术切除:根据肿瘤位置、大小、形态等因素,选择合适的手术入路,尽可能完整切除肿瘤。
(2)肿瘤切除程度:根据肿瘤分级、患者年龄、肿瘤部位等因素,确定肿瘤切除程度。
(3)术后病理学检查:明确肿瘤性质、分级、是否残留等。
5. 术后化疗(1)化疗方案:术后化疗可选用替莫唑胺、卡培他滨、依托泊苷等药物,根据患者情况选择合适的化疗方案。
(2)化疗剂量:根据患者年龄、体重、肝肾功能等因素调整化疗剂量。
(3)化疗周期:化疗周期一般为6-8周,每3-4周为一个化疗周期。
依维莫司片说明书,飞尼妥用法、效果、副作用、注意事项说明书中文版
依维莫司片说明书,飞尼妥用法、效果、副作用、注意事项说明书中文版依维莫司又叫飞尼妥,是一种常见的肾癌靶向药,由于其作用机制,依维莫司的用途十分广泛,在乳腺癌,胰腺神经内分泌瘤等等实体肿瘤中都有着不错的效果。
不过由于国内依维莫司的价格比较高,导致很多人用的都是依维莫司仿制版,最常见的就是印度产的依维莫司。
下面印丽康医疗整理了有关印度依维莫司片的说明书分享给大家。
依维莫司片英文名Everolimus Tablets,其有效成份为依维莫司。
依维莫司是西罗莫司的衍生物,可以干扰肿瘤细胞的生长、分化、代谢。
依维莫司(飞尼妥)获批的适应症:1.1.既往接受舒尼替尼或索拉非尼治疗失败的晚期肾细胞癌成人患者;2.2.不可切除的、局部晚期或转移性的、分化良好的(中度分化或高度分化)进展期胰腺神经内分泌瘤成人患者;3.3.需要治疗干预但不适于手术切除的结节性硬化症(TSC)相关的室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤(SEGA)成人和儿童患者。
依维莫司(飞尼妥)的用法用量:对于晚期肾细胞癌和晚期胰腺神经内分泌瘤推荐剂量为10mg,口服,每天一次,在每天的同一时间服用,随餐服用或者空腹服用都可以。
结节性硬化症相关的室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤推荐剂量4.5mg/m²,口服,每日一次。
建议在有经验的医生的指导下进行,ybk577微号有更多的依维莫司剂量调整方案。
依维莫司(飞尼妥)副作用:轻微不良反应有疲劳,腹泻,呕吐、口腔溃疡等等;比较严重的不良反应有非感染性肺炎,感染,肾功能衰竭等等。
禁忌:如果对依维莫司(飞尼妥)的有效成分或者其中任何一种辅料过敏的患者禁止使用依维莫司。
注意事项:依维莫司在正常服用时间后6小时内均可补服遗漏剂量,如果超过6小时后应跳过该剂量,次日在正常时间服用依维莫司。
不要服用双倍的剂量以弥补遗漏剂量。
依维莫司说明书(瑞士依维莫司说明书)飞尼妥依维莫司中文说明书
依维莫司说明书|瑞士依维莫司说明书|飞尼妥依维莫司中文说明书依维莫司是一种对肾癌、乳腺癌、内分泌瘤和结节性硬化症有效的药物,在中国、美国、印度等多个国家和地区上市了的一款靶向药。
依维莫司的原产家在瑞士,国内患者也因其在国内的商品名飞尼妥而通常将依维莫司叫做飞尼妥。
以下是泰慧康整理的飞尼妥(依维莫司片)的完整版说明书:1.瑞士产依维莫司价格说明书:国内瑞士诺华的依维莫司一盒5mg*30的价格为7500元,一般一个月需要吃两盒。
印度Cipla依维莫司一个月的价格约为诺华的十分之一。
2.飞尼妥依维莫司片用法用量说明书:(1)依维莫司用于索坦(舒尼替尼)或多吉美(索拉非尼)治疗失败的晚期肾细胞癌患者的常规用量为每天10mg,每天服用一次,无特殊情况不可停药。
(2)依维莫司用于激素受体阳性、HER2阴性的乳腺癌患者的常规用量为每天10mg,每天服用一次,无特殊情况不可停药。
(3)依维莫司用于不可切除的、局部晚期或转移性、中度分化或高度分化的进展期胰腺神经内分泌瘤的常规用量为每天10mg,每天服用一次,无特殊情况不可停药。
(4)依维莫司用于结节性硬化症相关的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的常规用量为空腹,每天10mg,每天服用一次,无特殊情况不可停药。
3.依维莫司临床实验中文说明书:(1)依维莫司治疗肾癌有RECORD-1试验进行过证明。
该试验中,依维莫司组的中位无进展生存期为4.9个月,安慰剂组的中位无进展生存期为1.9个月。
(2)依维莫司治疗乳腺癌有BOLERO-2试验进行证明。
该试验中,依维莫司+依西美坦组的中位无进展生存期为7.8个月,安慰剂+依西美坦组的中位无进展生存期为3.2个月。
(3)依维莫司治疗内分泌瘤有RADIANT-3试验进行证明。
该试验中,与安慰剂组对比,依维莫司组的无肿瘤生长时间为11个月,安慰剂组为4.6个月;并且依维莫司组疾病进展风险降低了65%。
(4)依维莫司治疗结节性硬化症有EXIST-3试验进行证明。
Pfizer阿昔莫司胶囊使用说明
Pfizer阿昔莫司胶囊【用法用量】口服:一次0.25g,一日2~3次,餐后服用。
根据TG及TC水平调整剂量,一日总剂量不超过1.2g。
IV型高脂蛋白血症,一次0.25g,一日2次;IIb , III及V型高脂血症,一次0.25g,一日3次。
根据血中三酰甘油及胆固醇水平调整剂量,一日总量不超过1.2g,餐后服用。
【注意事项】1.在使用本品治疗之前,应先采取低胆固醇饮食、低脂肪饮食和停止酗酒的治疗措施。
2.肾功能不全患者根据肌酐清除率数据减低剂量:肌酐清除率(ml/min)剂量60~30每日二次,每次150mg;30~10每日一次,每次150mg;3.同服考来烯胺时,不会影响本品的吸收。
4.对需长期服用本品者,应定期作血脂及肝肾功能检查。
【不良反应】本品在治疗初期可引起皮肤血管扩张,提高对热的敏感性,如面部潮热或肢体瘙痒,这些症状通常在治疗后几天内消失,不需停药。
偶有中度胃肠道反应(胃灼热感、上腹隐痛、恶心、腹泻、眼干和荨麻疹)及头痛的报道。
极少数病人有局部或全身过敏反应(如皮疹、荨麻疹、斑丘疹、唇水肿、哮喘样呼吸困难、低血压等)应立即停药并对症处理。
【禁忌】对本品过敏及消化道溃疡者、孕妇、哺乳期妇女、儿童禁用。
【适应症】本品可用于治疗高甘油三酯血症(Ⅳ型),高胆固醇血症(Ⅱa型)、高甘油三酯合并高胆固醇血症(Ⅱb型)。
【药物相互作用】如与其他药物同时使用可能发生,详情请咨询医师或药师。
【药理毒理】阿昔莫司为烟酸的衍生物,能抑制脂肪组织的分解,减少游离脂肪酸自脂肪组织释放,从而降低甘油三酯(TG)在肝中的合成,并通过抑制极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的合成,使血液中甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)的浓度下降。
本品还可抑制肝脏脂肪酶的活性,减少高密度脂蛋白(HDL)的分解。
【儿童用药】尚不明确。
【老人用药】尚无相关研究资料。
【包装】0.25g*30粒/盒【药物过量】在文献中没有病例的描写。
艾敏斯(奈莫必利片)使用说明
艾敏斯(奈莫必利片)【用法用量】成人一般口服每天9~36mg,分3次餐后服,剂量应根据效应予以个体化。
最大剂量为每天60mg。
【注意事项】高血压或低血压、肝功能不全、营养不良或有癫痫史的患者慎用。
【不良反应】1.常见有兴奋、焦虑、嗜睡、失眠、抑郁、无力、头晕、头痛、出汗、口干、尿潴留、便秘、腹泻、皮疹、体重增加或减少。
2.还可能引起血压升高或下降,心律失常,心电图改变。
遇此情况应及时停药。
3.用药早期还可能出现白细胞增多、血清肌酸磷酸激酶升高。
4.也可能出现锥体外系反应,通常应减少用量。
5.偶见视力模糊、肝肾功能异常。
6.长期用药可能引起不可逆转的迟发性运动障碍,或致月经失调。
【禁忌】孕妇、哺乳者、对本品过敏者、昏迷或帕金森病患者禁用。
【适应症】主要治疗精神分裂症。
【药物相互作用】1.三环类抗抑郁药(如阿莫沙平、度硫平、多塞平、阿米替林、氯丙米嗪、曲丙米嗪、洛非帕明、地昔帕明、丙咪嗪、去甲替林、普罗替林等)与本药合用时,两者可相互影响对方的代谢,导致药物浓度均升高,毒性增强。
另外,两者都有抗胆碱活性,合用则抗胆碱作用增强。
故合用时应谨慎。
2.与颠茄合用,抗胆碱作用增强。
3.槟榔有胆碱能效应,与本药合用,可增加本药的锥体外系反应。
4.本药与卡托普利、曲唑酮合用时,产生协同降压作用,可能导致低血压。
5.阿替洛尔、美托洛尔与本药合用时,两者相互抑制对方的代谢,使血药浓度均升高,导致低血压和/或本药毒性增加。
6.西沙必利、多非利特、索他洛尔、匹莫齐特、斯帕沙星、加替沙星、莫西沙星、格雷沙星、左氟沙星、左美沙酮、卤泛群等与本药合用时,对心脏的毒性增加,故不宜合用。
7.本药与二氮嗪合用,可能会引起高血糖症。
8.本药可诱导或抑制苯妥英钠的代谢,而苯妥英钠则诱导本药的代谢,故合用时苯妥英钠的浓度可能会升高或降低,而本药的浓度则降低。
9.与肾上腺素合用时,可能导致低血压和心动过速。
10.伊布利特与本药合用,发生心律失常的危险性增加。
美国FDA批准依维莫司用于治疗无效的晚期肾癌患者
美国FDA批准依维莫司用于治疗无效的晚期肾癌患者
佚名
【期刊名称】《国际药学研究杂志》
【年(卷),期】2009(36)4
【摘要】美国FDA批准依维莫司(everolimus,Afinitor)用于舒尼替尼或索拉非尼治疗后的晚期肾癌患者。
批准该药上市基于1项国际性、多中心、随机、双
盲Ⅲ期临床试验,针对416名先前用舒尼替尼、索拉非尼或2种药物序贯治疗后
病情恶化的转移性肾癌患者。
受试者接受每Et1次10mg的依维莫司或安慰剂治疗。
研究主终点是无进展生存时间(PFS),依维莫司组中位PFS值为4.9个月,【总页数】1页(P320-320)
【关键词】药物序贯治疗;FDA批准;依维莫司;癌患者;晚期;美国;肾;Ⅲ期临床试验【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】R512.505;R97
【相关文献】
1.FDA批准诺华公司依维莫司用于肾癌 [J],
2.美国FDA批准依维莫司用于预防肾移植术后的器官排异 [J],
3.FDA批准诺华公司依维莫司用于肾癌 [J],
4.欧盟批准诺华公司依维莫司用于晚期肾癌治疗 [J],
5.美国FDA批准依维莫司片用于舒尼替尼或索拉非尼治疗无效的晚期肾细胞癌 [J],因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
抗肾细胞癌药物依维莫司
抗肾细胞癌药物依维莫司佚名【期刊名称】《药学进展》【年(卷),期】2011(035)005【总页数】2页(P234-235)【关键词】肾癌;依维莫司;室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R979.1诺华(Novartis)制药公司研发的哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)抑制剂依维莫司(everolimus,商品名:Afinitor)的片剂于2009年3月在美国上市,用于治疗那些使用常规抗癌药物(如舒尼替尼、索拉菲尼)而无效的晚期肾癌患者及伴有结节性硬化症(TS)的室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤(SEGA)患者。
目前,该药有2.5 mg和10 mg两种规格。
晚期肾癌患者推荐剂量为10 mg·d-1;SEGA患者的推荐剂量则根据体表面积而定,体表面积分别为0.5~1.2 m2、1.3~2.1 m2和2.2 m2以上时,剂量分别为2.5、5和7.5 mg·d-1。
本品化学结构式:CAS:159351-69-6作用机制mTOR是一种丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶,依维莫司通过与细胞内蛋白FKBP-12的结合,形成抑制性复合物mTORC1,从而抑制mTOR激酶活性。
此外,其还能降低mTOR的下游效应物S6核糖体蛋白激酶(S6K1)和真核生物转录延伸因子4E-结合蛋白(4E-BP1)的活性,并能抑制低氧诱导因子(如HIF-1)的表达和降低血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达。
体内外研究表明:依维莫司可降低细胞增殖、血管生成和葡萄糖摄取。
药动学晚期实体瘤患者口服5~70 mg依维莫司1~2 h后,体内血药浓度即达峰值。
首剂服药剂量在5~10 mg时,Cmax呈剂量依赖性增加;首剂量超过20 mg 时,Cmax随剂量增加的幅度有所降低。
在服药量为5~70 mg剂量范围内,AUC也呈剂量依赖性方式增加。
每日服药1次,于两周内即达稳态血药浓度。
在5~5 000μg·L-1质量浓度范围内,本品的血液-血浆浓度比呈浓度依赖性增加,介于17%~73%。
泌尿系统肿瘤用药 依维莫司 everolimus
泌尿系统肿瘤用药依维莫司 everolimus
制剂与规格:片剂:2.5mg、5mg、10mg
适应证:既往接受舒尼替尼或索拉非尼治疗失败的晚期肾细胞癌(RCC),目前的研究主要基于透明细胞肾癌。
合理用药要点:
1.肝功能损伤会使依维莫司暴露量增加,按如下方式进行给药调整:(1)轻度肝功能损伤(Child-Pugh A级):推荐剂量为每天7.5mg;如果不能很好地耐受,可将剂量降至每天5mg。
(2)中度肝功能损伤(Child-Pugh B级):推荐剂量是每天5mg;如果不能很好地耐受,可将剂量降至每天
2.5mg。
(3)重度肝功能损伤(Child-Pugh C级):如果预期的获益高于风险,可以采用每天2.5mg,但不得超过这一剂量。
2.用药期间必须注意常见的口腔炎等;应特别注意非感染性肺炎的发生。
3.避免合并使用强效CYP3A4诱导剂。
4.在本品治疗期间应避免接种活疫苗,避免与接种过活疫苗的人密切接触。
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Afinitor(everolimus,依维莫司) FDA批准药品使用说明书
2016年3月份修订版
提供者:haoeyou(好医友)
FDA批准的抗癌药Anifitor,通用名为依维莫司。
依维莫司是一种口服的雷帕霉素(mTOR)抑制剂,是西罗莫司(sirolimus,又称雷帕霉素,即rapamycin)的衍生物,故依维莫司又称40-O-(2-羟乙基)-雷帕霉素,或40-O-(2-羟乙基)-西罗莫司。
近日,美国监管方面传来喜讯,Afinitor的新适应症,用于起源于胃肠道(gastrointestinal,GI)或肺部(lung)的不可切除性、局部晚期或转移性、进展性、分化良好的非功能性神经内分泌肿瘤(neuroendocrine tumor,NET)成人患者的治疗。
【用法用量】
(1)晚期肾细胞癌
每天一次,每次口服10mg,与食物同服或不同服皆可。
中度肝功能损害患者,减量服用本品,每天一次,每次口服5mg。
如需同时服用中度CYP3A4抑制剂或P糖蛋白抑制剂(如红霉素、氟康唑、维拉帕米),减量服用本品,每天一次,每次口服2.5mg,如果患者能耐受,剂量可增至每次口服5mg。
如需同时服用CYP3A4强诱导剂(如利福平、苯妥英),增量服用本品,每次增加5mg,最大使用剂量可达每天一次,每次20mg。
(2)室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤(SEGA)
初始剂量随着患者体表面积(BSA)的不同而不同(BSA 0.5 m2 ~1.2 m2,初始剂量2.5 mg/天;BSA 1.3 m2 ~ 2.1 m2,5mg/天;BSA≥2.2 m2,7.5 mg/天),随后滴定剂量使血药谷浓度达到5-10 ng/mL。
如需同时服用中度CYP3A4抑制剂或P糖蛋白抑制剂,大约减量50%服用本品。
随后的剂量需根据血药浓度监测结果(TDM,therapeutic drug monitoring)来调整。
如需同时服用CYP3A4强诱导剂,加倍增量服用本品。
随后的剂量需根据血药浓度监测结果(TDM)来调整。
处理药物不良反应时,可能需要减量服用本品,或中断本品治疗。
【禁忌症】
禁用于对本品、其它雷帕霉素衍生物或任何辅料过敏的患者。
【注意事项】
(1)非-感染性肺炎:监测临床症状或影象学改变; 曾发生致命性病例。
减低本品剂量或停用本品直至症状缓解,可考虑使用皮质甾体激素。
(2)感染:本品可增加感染风险, 可能致命。
监测体征和症状,及时治疗。
(3)口腔溃疡:口腔溃烂, 口内炎和口粘膜炎很常见。
处理包括口腔冲洗(无酒精或过氧化物)和局部治疗。
(4)实验室检查的改变:可能发生血清肌酐,血糖,和血脂的升高。
还可能发生血红蛋白,嗜中性粒细胞和血小板的减低。
治疗前监测肾功能,血糖,血脂和血液学计数,并在治疗期间定期监测这些指标。
(5)免疫接种:避免接种活疫苗,避免密切接触曾接种活疫苗者。
(6)妊娠中使用:当给予妊娠妇女本品时可能危害胎儿。
应告知妇女本品对胎儿的潜在危害。
【不良反应】
晚期肾细胞癌:最常见不良反应(发生率≥30%)是咽炎,感染,无力,疲乏,咳嗽和腹泻。
SEGA:最常见不良反应(发生率≥30%)是咽炎,上呼吸道感染,鼻窦炎、中耳炎和发热。
【药物相互作用】
(1)强CYP3A4抑制剂:避免同时使用。
(2)中度CYP3A4和/或PgP抑制剂:如需要联用, 谨慎使用和减低AFINITOR剂量。
(3)强CYP3A4诱导剂:避免同时使用。
如不能避免联用,增加AFINITOR的剂量。
【如何购买】
美国是医药分开的国家,药房全部实行严格的处方药与非处方药分类管理。
对处方药的销售,必须凭美国医生(电子/纸质)处方。
如今国内患者可以依托科技,通过好医友国际医疗平台实现远程的病历交互,由美国医生根据患者病情开具电子处方,以正规渠道在好医友美国药房购买到处方药。