定语从句语法讲解
初中定语从句语法讲解完整版
初中定语从句语法讲解完整版•定语从句基本概念•关系代词引导定语从句目录•关系副词引导定语从句•介词+关系词引导定语从句•特殊类型定语从句•定语从句在句子中成分和位置•总结回顾与拓展延伸01定语从句基本概念定义与作用定义定语从句是对名词或代词进行修饰、限定的从句，其作用是提供更多关于所修饰词的信息。
作用使句子表达更具体、生动，有助于读者或听者更准确地理解所表达的内容。
前置定语通常将定语从句放在被修饰词的前面，如“漂亮的花园”中，“漂亮的”就是前置定语。
将定语从句放在被修饰词的后面，用逗号隔开，如“花园，漂亮的”中，“漂亮的”就是后置定语。
对被修饰词进行必要的限定，使句子意思更明确，如“我喜欢那本红色的书”中，“红色的”就是限定性定语从句。
对被修饰词进行补充说明，去掉后不影响句子意思的完整性，如“我昨天买了本书，它是关于历史的”中，“它是关于历史的”就是非限定性定语从句。
后置定语限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句结构形式与其他从句区别与名词性从句区别名词性从句在句子中充当主语、宾语等成分，而定语从句则充当定语成分，修饰名词或代词。
与状语从句区别状语从句表达主句动作发生的时间、条件、原因等背景信息，而定语从句则对名词或代词进行修饰、限定。
与同位语从句区别同位语从句对前面的名词进行解释说明，两者处于同等地位；而定语从句则对前面的名词进行修饰、限定，处于从属地位。
02关系代词引导定语从句关系代词种类及用法关系代词种类常见的关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等。
用法关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等，连接先行词和从句，起到桥梁作用。
限制性定语从句中关系代词省略情况省略条件在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中充当宾语时，可以省略。
示例The book (that) I borrowed from the library is veryinteresting. 我从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。
定语从句语法讲解
非限制性定语从句
意义：非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影 响全句的理解，在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔 开，如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，起前后都需 要用逗号隔开。如 The house, which I bought last year, has a lovely garden.我去年买的的房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本我已经读过三遍的小说很感人。
定语从句的关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分； 同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中一般 不担当成分，但不可省略，有时也由where, when, how, whether, what等连词引导。 The promise that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.我们现在面临的问题 是怎样才能筹到那么多钱。（定语从句） The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.我们怎样才能筹到那么多钱的 问题很难解决。（同位语从句）
when where why
关系副词的用法及说明 关系副词why
主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是the reason），同时 它在定语从句中用作原因状语。如： We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。 与关系副词when和where不同，why可以换成that或省略。 如： That’s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一。 另外，与关系副词when和where可以引导的非限制性定语 从句不一样，why只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限 制性定语从句。如： 他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。 误：The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank. 正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank
(完整版)定语从句语法详解
定语从句语法专题（Attributive Clauses）教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语，被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl（who got the first prize.）girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as（主, 宾, 定）关系副词: when, where, why.（状语）2.关系词的作用:（1）引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用；（2）代替先行词在句中充当成分。
定语从句语法讲解
定语从句语法讲解定语从句语法讲解“定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词（英语：relative word）引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句，下面店铺为大家带来的定语从句语法讲解！一、知识点梳理充当定语修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，由一定的连接词引导，连接词称为关系代词(which,that,as,whom,who,whose)或关系副词(when,where,why)1、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句起对先行词进行限定、区分的作用。
若去掉易产生歧义或使主句意义不明确。
(此类定语从句前后没有逗号)【eg】The dress that my mother bought for me is very beautiful. 我妈妈给我买的裙子很漂亮。
⑵非限定性定语从句与先行词之间的关系比较松散，只对先行词起说明和描述的作用。
若省去，剩余部分意义仍然完整，表达清楚。
(此类定语从句前后用逗号隔开)【eg】Your writings , which everyone admires , are verymarvelous.你的作品人人欣赏，实在是太了不起了。
Shakespeare , whose plays are popular , was a greatwriter.莎士比亚是个伟大的作家，他的剧作很受欢迎。
⑶某些情况下，一个定语从句既可以作限定性定语从句，又可以作为非限定性定语从句，但二者含义有差别。
【eg】There are ten cars here which are made in China.这里有十辆中国制造的车。
(这里可能还有其他的车) There are ten cars here , which are made in China. 这里有十辆车，它们都是中国制造的。
定语从句讲解
二．语法讲解：定语从句I.定义1.什么叫作定语从句？定语从句（Attributive Clauses）由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
2.什么叫作关系词？引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, whic h, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：①引导定语从句。
②代替先行词。
③在定语从句中担当一个成分。
注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
3.什么叫作定语？定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任。
此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
4.什么叫作先行词？先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
II关系代词引导的定语从句举例关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致1.who(主格，在定语从句中做主语), whom(宾格，做宾语)，两者“代替的是人”。
(1) Is he the man who wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who在从句中作主语）(2) He is the man (whom) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom在从句中作宾语，可省略）2.whose是所有格，用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of whic h互换）(1) They rushed over to help the man whose c ar had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
初中英语语法专题—定语从句讲解
初中英语语法专题—定语从句讲解一、什么是定语从句？定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
它通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面，并对其进行进一步的说明或限制。
二、引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词主要有：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
- that用于修饰物，常用来引导限制性定语从句；- which用于修饰物，既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句；- who用于修饰人，常用来引导限制性定语从句；- whom用于修饰人，在非正式情况下，常省略为who，也可以引导非限制性定语从句；- whose表示所属关系，修饰人或物；- when表示时间，在定语从句中用来引导时间状语从句；- where表示地点，在定语从句中用来引导地点状语从句。
三、定语从句的位置和用法定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句尾，用来修饰名词或代词。
它可以进一步说明名词的性质、特征、来源等。
以下是一些示例：1. The book that you borrowed from me is very interesting.that you borrowed from me is very interesting.你从我这里借的那本书非常有趣。
2. The girl, who is wearing a red dress, is my sister.who is wearinga red dress, is my sister.那个穿红裙子的女孩是我的妹妹。
3. The city where I was born is very beautiful.where I was born is very beautiful.我出生的城市非常美丽。
4. I have a friend whose father is a doctor.whose father is a doctor.我有一个朋友，他的父亲是医生。
定语从句语法讲解
英语语法讲解之定语从句
英语语法讲解之定语从句一、几个基本概念1.定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/which/whom/whose﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why﹙3﹚引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
﹙4﹚引导词的功能(作用)：①连接先行词和定语从句。
②在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。
5.定语从句的类型：﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句Eg.The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导Eg.The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.=I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.=介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在相关动词之后。
例如：The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.※﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
英语定语从句语法详解
英语定语从句语法详解定语从句是英语中非常重要的一个语法结构，用于修饰名词或代词，并且在句子中起到定语的作用。
在本文中，我们将详细介绍英语定语从句的概念、用法以及常见的引导词。
一、定语从句的概念和用途定语从句是由一个句子作为整体，用来修饰名词或代词的句子。
它可以提供进一步的信息，使得句子更加具体明确。
定语从句通常放置在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
In this sentence, "that I bought yesterday"是一个定语从句，修饰名词"book"，进一步解释了这本书的情况。
二、引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
常见的关系代词有：who、whom、whose、which、that等；常见的关系副词有：when、where、why等。
1. 关系代词的用法a. who/whom/whose：用于人。
who用作主语或宾语，whom用作宾语，而whose表示所有关系。
例如：The man who is standing over there is my father.那个站在那里的人是我爸爸。
The boy whom I met yesterday is my classmate.我昨天遇到的那个男孩是我的同学。
This is the house whose roof is red.这是一座屋顶是红色的房子。
b. which/that：用于物。
which用作主语或宾语，that可用作主语、宾语或定语。
例如：The car which/that is parked in front of the house is mine.停在房子前面的那辆车是我的。
The book which/that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
英语定语从句语法解析
英语定语从句语法解析英语定语从句语法解析语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后，系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。
英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。
下面店铺带来英语定语从句语法解析，欢迎阅读！英语定语从句语法解析篇11.先行词为all, anything, something, nothing, everything, much, little, none等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
在大多数情况下that可以省略.Please tell me everything you know about the matter.Thats all we can do at the moment.2.as引出的限制性定语从句在such as的结构中as可作关系代词，引出限制性定语从句。
有时和same连用，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语等。
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.Ive never seen such a talented young man as he is.I have the same trouble as you .3.as引出的非限制性定语从句as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，通常译为(正)如一样，(正)象一样等。
as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面.I live a long way from work, as you know.She did not, as her friend had feared, break down.As is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.4.分隔式定语从句定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但有时会被其他句子成分与先行词隔开，从而构成分隔式定语从句。
【高中英语】英语语法讲解之定语从句
【高中英语】英语语法讲解之定语从句（一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that,which,who,whose,when,where,why）。
先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。
结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1.thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.2.在日本，有人看到其他人在谈论他们时，会认为这意味着钱。
4.theparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheirhabitatsin theriversandcoastalwatersofasia.5.访客可以在他们可以看到的地方查看他们在自己的房间内看到的东西。
6.oprahwinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.（二）定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限制性定语从句：补充和解释先行词。
它与先行词之间用逗号分隔。
1.beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.2.树木一棵接一棵地被水砍倒，水的深度必须达到米。
3.flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.4.他们的演讲包括节奏和押韵词，这些词经常引起听众的掌声。
初中英语定语从句专项语法讲解
初中英语定语从句专项语法讲解定于从句结构解析一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。
在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。
例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
完整版)定语从句语法详解
完整版)定语从句语法详解定语从句是用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句，通常放在先行词之后，由关系词引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，因此也被称为形容词性从句。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
关系词是引导定语从句的关联词，包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that。
who。
whom。
whose。
which和as（主、宾、定）；关系副词有when。
where。
why（状语）。
关系词的作用是连接先行词和定语从句，并代替先行词在句中充当成分。
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者失去意义。
从句和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略。
例如：She has found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago.非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明，但如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。
从句和主句之间用逗号隔开，一般用于口语或文学作品中。
例如：My friend。
who is a doctor。
gave me some medical advice.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
2.只用which的情况：1)当先行词在从句中作表语时，只能用which，不能用that。
XXX.他给出的理由不令人信服。
2)当先行词是物时，且在从句中作主语时，只能用which，不能用that。
egThe book which is on the desk is XXX.在桌子上的书是我的。
3.既可以用that，也可以用which的情况：1)当先行词是人或物时，且在从句中作宾语时，that和which都可以使用。
XXX.我昨天遇到的那个人是一名医生。
The car that/which I bought last year is very XXX.我去年买的那辆车非常贵。
2)当先行词在从句中作介词宾语时，that不能用，只能用which。
定语从句语法详解
定语从句被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 句子 (其中，"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".)Ⅰ. 概念：(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）①常用的关系代词: that 、 which 、 who 、whom 、whose 、as 、but (文语, 置于否定词之后=that/who …not …, "没有……不……", 在从句中作主语，宾语)②常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when 、why 、 whereThe student who answered the question was John.I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.PS:what 不能引导定语从句.⑷ 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法： 关系代词代替人 代替物 代替人或物 ① 同时代替人和物，只用that ② 作动词宾语的关系代词可省略主语who which that 宾语whom which that 定语 Whose=of whom Whose=of which●that : 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。
高中语法定语从句的详细讲解
定语从句详解与练习〔一〕定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词有when, where, why.注意：关系代词与关系副词在定语从句中充当不同的句子成分，定语从句中缺主、宾、表，用关系代词；缺状语用关系副词，何为句子成分？五大根本句1. 主+ 谓〔Vi〕I come.2. 主+ 谓〔Vt〕+ 宾I love you.3. 主+ 谓〔Vt〕+ 间宾+ 直宾I give him a book.4. 主+ 谓〔Vt〕+ 宾+ 宾补I make him happy.5. 主+ 系+ 表I am tall.〔二〕关系代词引导的定语从句1．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语。
The house which is by the lake looks nice. 〔主〕湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
This is the pen〔which〕he bought yesterday. 〔宾〕这是他昨天买的钢笔。
She was fond of dancing, which her brother never was. (表) 她喜欢跳舞,她弟弟从不喜欢。
2．that 指人/ 物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.〔人主〕每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
Where is the man〔that〕I saw this morning 〔人宾〕我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？He is no longer a little boy that he used to be.〔人表〕他已经不再是以前那个小男孩儿了。
定语从句语法详解
定语从句语法详解,希望能够帮助考生备考英语学科考试,赢得高分;一、定语句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语;定语可以由形容词,名词,不定式,分词,动名词或从句来充当;eg: She is a beautiful girl. 形容词I met someone funny on my way to Beijing. 形容词修饰不定代词的定语后置He is an English teacher. 名词名词作定语时一般用单数,例外的有sports, 如 a sports starI have a lot of work to do. 不定式The book written by a schoolboy is very popular now. 过去分词短语We can see the rising sun. 现在分词 = the sun is rising.He is in the reading room. 动名词 = the room for readingThe boy who broke the window is Tom’s brother. 从句注意：1.形容词作定语一般放在所修饰的词前面;但当形容词修饰的是something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, everybody, somewhere 等不定代词时,要放在这些词的后面;present 在场的, absent 缺席的作定语时需要后置; students present / absent2. 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后;3 分词作定语时,即可放在所修饰词前,也可放在所修饰词后1分词前置：单独的一个分词作定语,一般放在所修饰词前;He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人2分词后置分词在以下情况,放在所修饰词的后面i. 分词词组; There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里ii. 个别分词如given, left;This is the question given. 这是所给的问题iii. 修饰不定代词 something等There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句; Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.= Most of the people who were invited to the party were from South Africa 二、定语从句Attributive Clauses在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词;定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词关系代词或关系副词引出;关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等;关系副词有：when, where, why等;I like the books that are written by Mr. Green.先行词关系词A. 关系词：关系词通常有三个作用：引导定语从句,指代先行词,在定语从句中充当句子成分; Anyone who breaks the law will surely be punished.1. 先行词指人时,定语从句的引导词：1指人时,who和that都可以使用.2who和whom都可以作定语从句宾语,但从句中的介词提前时,不能用who.He is the man who / whom I talked to you about.= He is the man about whom I talked to you.3先行词是人时,只用who, 不用或少用that的情况：a. 当先行词是one, ones, anyone时,引导定语从句的关系词一般只用who, 不用that如果先行词是someone, 也可用thatHe is not one who is easily frightened.I think Joe is the one who borrowed my peo.The ones who tell lies won’t gain others’ trust.Anyone who saw the accident should phone the police.Someone who / that claims to be your uncle wants to see you.b. 先行词是those时,关系代词一般用who不用thatThose who don’t wish to go need not go.c. There be 句型中,修饰人的定语从句的关系代词一般只用who来引导There is a certain old man in the village who none of us likes.d. 若一个句子中有两个定语从句,第一个已经用that, 则第二个一般用whoThe man that is talking with our teacher is the professor who gave us a report yesterday.e. 当定语从句与先行词较远时,引导定语从句的关系代词一般只用whoI came across my first teacher in the store yesterday who was still beautiful.f 非限定性定语从句只用who来引导, 不用thatHe has a son, who is a doctor.4当先行词是人,只用that不用who的情况：a. 以who开头的特殊疑问句,定语从句的先行词如果是人,关系代词只用that不用whoWho is the girl that said hello to you just nowb. 当先行词既有人也有物时,定语从句只用that来引导They ofter talk about the person and things that they remember.c. 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,只用that来引导He’s changed. He is not the man that he was.d. 当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时,只用that.This is the most beautiful lady that I have ever met.e. 当先行词是other时,定语从句只用that 引导;You can ask the old man or any other that was there at the time.page 2. 先行词是物时that 和which一般可以互换使用,但有时不可换用;1 下列场合一般用that:a. 先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, theone, none等不定代词We should do all that is useful to the people.The little that I have seen of his work is satisfactory.b. 先行词被序数词,形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰The first book that I bought in this bookstore is a dictionary.The last person that I talked with in London is my girlfriendThe best teacher that I have ever met has gone abroadYou can take any seat that is vacant.c. 先行词有两个：一个指人,另一个指物I miss all the people and places that we visited last summerd. 主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句;e. There be 句型中, There is a seat in the corner that is free.f. 先行词为数词时Three buildings have been completed, but there are two that are still under construction.2 下列场合不能用thata. 在非限定性定语从句中,即逗号后的定语从句不用that引导,指人时用who或whom, 指物时用which.b. 在“介词+ 关系代词”结构中不用that, 指人时用whom, 指物时用which. This is the book about which we are talking.c. 先行词为that, those时,关系词用which指物,who指人What’s that which you have got in your handd. 两个定语从句,一个用了that, 另一个则用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.e. 关系代词后有插入语时,只用whichHere are some stamps which – I think – you can take away.3. 当关系词在从句中作宾语时,关系词可以省略;4. 当先行词指时间,地点,原因the reason时,且关系词在从句中作状语,用when,where, why如果关系词在从句中作主语,表语或宾语,则用that 或 which.I want to visit the place where my mother was born.= I want to visit the place in which my mother was born.I still remember the years when I studied in the middle school.= I still remember the years in which I studied in the middle school.I don’t know the reason why he didn’t agree w ith us.= I didn’t know the reason for which he didn’t agree with us.5. 当先行词是the way, 并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时,可以用that, in which引导,也可省略;当先行词是time, time 当“次数”讲时,用that引导定语从句,且that可以省略;当time表示“一段时间,时间”讲时,定语从句用when或at / during which引导I don’t like the way that / in w hich he talked to his mother.I can hardly remember how many times that I’ve failed.I’ll never forget the time when / at which we visited your hometown. 6. 当先行词family, class, team, army, company等被当作单数时,定语从句中用which,被当作复数时,用who或whom.The family, which is a large and rich one, was poor.The party, who are all children, have lost their way.7. 当先行词是动物时,定语从句一般用whichThe dog, which he had kept for five years, was killed by someone yesterday.B.“介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,常常将介词前置于作宾语的关系词前,I love the music that I can dance to. = I love the music to which I can dance. The man who I talked to just now is my brother.= The man to whom I talked just now is my brother.介词后面的关系词指人时只用whom, 不能用who或that; 指物时只用which,不能用that.注意,并非所有情况下介词都可以前移,含有介词的短语动词不可拆开,介词仍需放在动词后面,如：look for, look after, take care of等;“介词+ which / whom”前还可以用some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词,名词或数词等;His sons, both of whom loved music very much, spent most of their money on CDs.The house, the roof of which is blue, will be used as a library.C. 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不密切,去掉定语从句,句子的意思仍然完整,形式上用逗号把主句和从句分开,使用时注意以下几点：l 非限定性定语从句不能用that引导l 非限定性定语从句中的关系词不能省略;引导的定语从句的用法1. as可引导限定性定语从句,用于such…as…., so….as…., the same….as…结构中;He bought me such a watch as was advertised in the newspaper.注意：比较the same… as…. 和the same… that….He bought me the same watch as I lost last week.他买了一块和我上星期丢的一样的表;一样,但不是同一个He bought me the same watch that I lost last week. 他把我上星期丢的那块表又买回来了;同一个2. 当非限定性定语从句的先行词不是主句中的某一个词,而是整个主句时,可以用which 或as引导;在以下情况下用as引导：a. 从句意思为“正如/正像...一样”b. 从句位于句首,构成以下结构：as is well known 众所周知 as often happens 这种情况经常发生as is often the case 情况经常这样 as is supposed 如所预料的一样as has been pointed out 如所指出的 as has been said before 如前所说在下面情况经常用which引导：主句和从句表示因果关系; He lost the game, which made us very disappointed.非限定性定语从句是否定意义;He gained a big fortune, which meant nothing to him.E.其他：1. 分隔定语从句：定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开来,这种定语从句叫做分隔定语从句,此时须注意辨别从句的先行词;The days are gone when we suffered so much.The boss of the company, whose name was Mr. Joe, told the story.2. 定语从句的谓语与先行词保持人称和数的一致;注意：先行词前有one of 修饰,定语从句的谓语用复数;not the only one of… = one of…先行词前有the only one of 修饰时,定语从句的谓语用单数;以上介绍了定语从句语法详解,希望对各位考生有所帮助;。
定语从句语法讲解
定语从句一．定语从句的基本用法汉语中的“……的”即为定语。
如：“美丽的春天”中的“美丽的”。
如果定语由一个句子来充当，此句即称之为定语从句。
由定语所修饰的词叫做先行词，如“春天”。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
它们的引导词分为关系代词和关系副词。
判断使用什么引导词要判成分，看指代。
二．关系代词that, which用法之别引导定语从句的关系代词which, that 在修饰先行词时，一般可换用，有时则不可。
它们引导定语从句有最基本的三点区别：①that 只用于限制性的定语从句；which 可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句。
②that 可指人也可指物；which 只可指物。
③that 不能至于介词后，引导定语从句时把介词放于句后，which 可置于介词后,也可把介词放在定语从句后面.下面就which, that 不宜换用的情况，作一归纳：1．只可用that的定语从句①在修饰时间、地点等先行词时，只可用that代替when, where等关系副词，而不能用which。
That was the time that (=when) he arrived (at).②same 所修饰的先行词后可用that 而不可用which。
Yesterday I met the same scientist that (=as ) you met last year.③主句是以who或which 开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是疑问代词who 时，定语从句要用that 而不用which (who ,whom) 引导。
（避免重复）Which is the room that Mr Wang lives in ?Who that has seen him doesn’t admire him ?2．多用that（极少用which）的定语从句。
①先行词为不定代词all, everything, nothing, anything , something , little , much , few, only thing, best等或名词前带有all , every, no , some, any, little , much , few 等时，关系代词一般用that。
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Unit 9语法导学案：定语从句专题讲解一、基本概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where h e lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that,who,whom,whose,which，as关系副词有：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。
例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。
例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
（4）关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：What‘s that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tom came back，which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。
它的先行词通常有：time,day,morning,night,week,year等例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。
它的先行词常有：place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。
例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
注意：先行词表示地点,不一定都用Where引导定语从句一般来说,英语学习者的脑海中会形成这样一个概念:在定语从句中,如果先行词是表示地点的名词(如place等),就用关系副词where引导定语从句。
这种想法是错误的。
如果定语从句不缺少主语或宾语,而是缺少地点状语,便用where来引导;如果定语从句不缺少状语,而是缺少主语或宾语,则要用关系代词(which或that)来引导,以补足定语从句中所缺失的主语或宾语如1.In an hour,we can travel to places_____would have taken our ancestors days to re ach.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what2.This is the town_____I wanted to visit most.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what3.This is the town_____I was born.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what4.I’ve never been to Beijing,but its the place____.A.where I’d like to visitB.in which I’d like to visitC.I most want to visitD.that I want to visit it most（3）why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。
它的先行词只有reason。
例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
1这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when=on(in,at,during......)+which;where=in (at,o......)+which;why=for which.例如：I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived.The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.练习题I.单项填空1.-Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？-Yes，he‘s our headmaster.A. heB.whoC. whichD. whom2. Is this the river _____I can swim？A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. the one3.This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？A. that you boughtB. you bought itC. that you bought itD. which you bought it5.Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agreesB. who agreeC. who agreesD. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.A. thatB. itC. which who7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gateA. who‘sB. whoseC. that of which.8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.A. which；isB. whom；wasC. who；isD. who；was9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. who10. The world ______ is made up of matter.A. in that we liveB. on which we liveC. where we live inD. we live inⅡ、用适当的关系代词that，which，who，whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _____we live in is very old.5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？Ⅲ、根据句意，在横线处填上恰当的关系代词。
1. Who drew the picture ________ is worth 60,000 yuan?2. The man ________ is wearing a blue T-shirt is good at skating.3. This is a store ________ sells all kinds of school things.4. The woman ________ you talked to just now is our English teacher.5. The town ________ we visited last time is much larger than before.6. We saw the tree ________ was five hundred years old.7. The computer ________ my father bought for me works well.8. He is the boy ________ I saw in front of the library.。