定语从句语法讲解
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
Unit 9语法导学案:定语从句专题讲解
一、基本概念:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where h e lived ten years ago.
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有:that,who,whom,whose,which,as关系副词有:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:
What‘s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:
Tom came back,which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常有:time,day,morning,night,week,year等
例如:This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有:place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。
例如:This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
注意:先行词表示地点,不一定都用Where引导定语从句
一般来说,英语学习者的脑海中会形成这样一个概念:在定语从句中,如果先行词是表示地点的名词(如place等),就用关系副词where引导定语从句。这种想法是错误的。如果定语从句不缺少主语或宾语,而是缺少地点状语,便用where来引导;如果定语从句不缺少状语,而是缺少主语或宾语,则要用关系代词(which或that)来引导,以补足定语从句中所缺失的主语或宾语如1.In an hour,we can travel to places_____would have taken our ancestors days to re ach.
A.where
B.when
C.which
D.what
2.This is the town_____I wanted to visit most.
A.where
B.when
C.that
D.what
3.This is the town_____I was born.
A.where
B.when
C.which
D.what
4.I’ve never been to Beijing,but its the place____.
A.where I’d like to visit
B.in which I’d like to visit
C.I most want to visit
D.that I want to visit it most
(3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。它的先行词只有reason。例如:Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
1这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构:when=on(in,at,during......)+which;where=in (at,o......)+which;why=for which.
例如:
I was in Beijing on the day when(=on which)he arrived.
The office where(=in which)he works is on the third floor.
This is the chief reason why(=for which)we did it.
练习题
I.单项填空
1.-Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
-Yes,he‘s our headmaster.
A. he
B.who
C. which
D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim?
A. which
B. in which
C. that
D. the one
3.This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
A. that you bought
B. you bought it
C. that you bought it
D. which you bought it
5.Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees
B. who agree
C. who agrees
D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that
B. it
C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate