上海静安区高三一模英语试题及答案
2020-2021学年上海市静安区教育学院附属学校中学部高三英语一模试题及答案
2020-2021学年上海市静安区教育学院附属学校中学部高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you are planning to visit the historic capital city of Scotland, Edinburgh, a travel destination that people crowd to from around the world, and want to attend one Festival while you are there, keep on reading to discover more information.AKA. Imaginate Festival When: 22 May – 2 June 2021Where: Traverse Theater, Assembly RoxyA festival where kids take overEdinburgh. With a whole range of free pop-up performances, take your kids to see some of the most inspiring theatre and dance from a whole range of talented performers.EdinburghInternational Film Festival When: 19 June – 29 June 2021Where: Film House, Festival TheaterOriginally the very best in international film, it was established in 1947. The dynamic programme features everything from documentaries to shorts, along with a range of experimental cinema, in an attractive setting with a spray of red carpet charm.EdinburghArt Festival When: 25 July – 25 August 2021Where: City ArtCenter, The Scottish GalleryWith over 40 exhibitions to attend, the Edinburgh Art Festival is theUK’s largest visual arts event where you can see everything from historical works to contemporary masterpieces.The RoyalEdinburghMilitary Tattoo When: 2 – 24 August 2021Where:EdinburghCastleWith a different theme every year, over 200,000 visitors crowd toEdinburghto see the military bands and the symbolic piper set against the backdrop ofEdinburghCastle.1. Who is the AKA. Imaginate Festival intended for?A. Children.B. Talented performers.C. Parents.D. Dancers.2. What’s special about Edinburgh Art Festival?A. It includes all forms of arts.B. It is about great works in history.C. It is the largest festival in the world.D. It lasts for the longest time.3. Which Festival offers performances by soldiers?A. Edinburgh Art FestivalB. AKA. Imaginate FestivalC. The RoyalEdinburghMilitary TattooD.EdinburghInternational Film FestivalBI’ve long believedthat positive living isn’t about being optimistic every minute of every day. That kind of permanently happy state can’t be the goal, because it’s impossible to achieve.It turns out that psychological research finds true happiness comes from authentic positivity, and authentic positivity comes from emotional flexibility.Being flexible emotionally means being open to the full range of emotional experiences, including the challenging ones like anger, disappointment and sadness. Emotional flexibility means being able to shift behaviors and mindsets to meet different situational needs, and adapting when circumstances change.However, emotionally flexible people are not chameleons (变色龙) whose outlook changes based on which way the wind is blowing. Instead, emotional flexibility is a skill that helps people judge the complexities of daily life, and stick to their deeply held values.I’ve learned a new word that I’d like to share with you: Eudaimonia (幸福感). Eudaimonia is the opposite of hedonism (享乐主义), the idea that happiness comes from the constant pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain. Eudaimonia, by contrast, encourages us to pursue meaning and authenticity, growth and honest joy. Both are philosophical approaches to happiness, and recent psychological thought is leaning toward eudaimonia as a more sustainable, satisfying model.Eudaimonia was first mentioned by Aristotle, who got the term from the Greek word “daimon,” which means “true nature.” Tome, walking a positive path means accepting that we each have positive true nature and permanent goodness. What we learn from the concept of eudaimonia is that we are best equipped to realize this nature when we are emotionally honest and flexible.4. What is the author’s belief?A. People should live alone.B. People can’t always be happy.C. People can’t always achieve their goals.D. People should pursue true achievements.5. What do enmotionally flexible people commit themselves to?A. Their strongly believed values.B. Their different needs.C. Permanent happiness.D. The pursuit of hedonism.6. How can people gain eudaimonia according to the author?A. By being honest to others.B. By changing true nature.C. By keeping realstically optimistic.D. By pursuing pleasure constantly.7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. What is the meaning of eudaimonia?B. What should we do to keep positive?C. How can we keep happy forever?D. Why can’t people be happy all the time?CThe outbreak of the novel corona virus pneumonia (NCP) has disrupted the lives and work of nearly every Chinese person. However, a new trend has been on the rise: many have turned themselves into livestreaming users orfollowers.According to Questmobile, a professional big data intelligence services provider in China, the audience for Douyin, Kuaishou and other livestreaming platforms surged to 574 million during the Spring Festival holiday, up 35 percent from 2019.Confined at home, away from their friends and loved ones, people turn to livestreaming to reach out to the world. For them livestreaming can help them share their lives and interest with a global audience, which will give them the sense of being “in the moment”. Even as viewers, they can also engage immediately with livestreamers by commenting and making suggestions.“When I comment on the livestreaming videos, I’m not simply an audience member, but also an active part of the program. That gives me a sense of engagement,” an Internet user named Wang Hao told People’s Daily.Livestreaming is not only for fun, but also a new tool for many businesses. Affected by the pandemic, many businesses had to stop their sales in physical stores. To meet their business goals and survive during these tryingtimes, many chose to livestream to revive their businesses.Joyoung, a leading maker of small kitchen appliances, is a good example. The company not only added a number of broadcasts each day to advertise their products, but also shared the menus that were beneficial to health. “The responses to our livestreaming shows have been well beyond expectations,” Kang Li, who oversees the company’s livestreaming unit, told China daily. “It’s a natural opportunity to truly bond with our followers.”Like it or not, livestreaming is likely to go mainstream in China for both entertainment and business.8. What is the purpose of writing the second paragraph?A. To introduce some popular livestreaming platforms in China.B. To report data on the development of livestreaming in 2019.C. To show that Chinese people spend too much time on livestreaming apps.D. To prove that livestreaming are becoming increasingly popular in China.9. What does Wang Hao think of commenting on livestreaming?A. It is boring to make comments.B. It is the only way to share viewers’ lives.C. It makes people feel involved in the stream.D. It helps livestreamers improve themselves.10. What do paragraphs 5&6 mainly talk about?A. Livestreaming replaced physical stores in many areas.B. Many businesses turned to livestreaming platform for marketing.C. Livestreaming platforms faced challenges during the pandemic.D. Livestreaming platforms made changes to their services.11. How does the author feel about thefuture of livestreaming？A. Positive.B. Uncertain.C. Disappointed.D. Confused.DWhen you say the word donkey, whatthings come to your mind? A few people might say they’re cute, but the majority think they’re stubborn, dumb and all-round less capable than their horse s.However, this wasn’t the case for a recently unearthed ancient Chinese noblewoman who was unexpectedly found buried with her donkeys. Published in the journal Antiquity in March, Chinese archaeologists (考古学家) first discovered the tomb in Xi’an, Shaanxi, in 2012. The team examined the remains and identified the body as CuiShi, a Tang Dynasty high-born lady who died in 878 AD.Speaking to Science Magazine in 2012, the study’s co-author, Fiona Marshall, said the finding caused confusion as “donkeys … are not associated with high-status people”.However, following years of further research, the team discovered artworks and artifacts that showed a sport known as “Lvju”. This was similar to modern-day polo (马球)and was popular among noble (高贵的) women at the time. They preferred to use donkeys instead of full-sized horses for safety reasons, due to their smaller size and slower speed.Speaking to CNN, Marshall later said, “Historical documents also showed that ladies of the late Tang court loved to play donkey polo.”At that time in Chinese history, animals were often placed in tombs so that they could be used for a specific purpose in the afterlife. The study determined that Cui Shi likely requested that her beloved donkeys be buried with her, so that she could continue her favorite sport after death. In total, three donkeys were found inside her tomb with riding gear (装备), including stirrups (马镫). “This context provides evidence that the donkeys in her tomb were for polo, not transport,” lead author Hu Songmei of the Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology told Science Magazine.Before the study, it was believed that donkeys were only used to carry loads, but now it may be time to see them as a sign of achieving high social status(地位), well, in ancient times.12. What do most people think of donkeys, according to the text?A. They are as adorable(可爱的) as horses.B. They are stubborn and not so capable.C. They were necessary in ancient sports.D. They were a sign of high social status.13. Why did Fiona Marshall feel confused when she discovered the donkeys?A. She didn’t connect donkeys with nobles.B. She hadn’t seen donkeys in ancient tombs before.C. She didn’t expect to find donkeys in a woman’s tomb.D. She didn’t understand why animals were in human tombs.14. What do we know about the sport “Lvju” from the text?A. Horses were preferred in Lvju.B Lvju was similar to modern-day soccer.C. Lvju was popular among common people.D. Donkeys were preferred in the sport for safety.15. The donkeys were found in the tomb of Cui Shi probably because _______.A. she intended to use them for transport after deathB. her family didn’t want her to be lonely after deathC. she wanted to continue to play Lvju after deathD. noble women needed donkeys to maintain their dignity第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
上海市静安区2024届高三一模英语试题(含听力)(2)
上海市静安区2024届高三一模英语试题(含听力）(2)一、听力选择题1.A．To participate in a skiing race.B．To apply fora new job.C．To begin a new career.D．To sell the house in Italy.2.A．The battery needs charging.B．It is nowhere to be found.C．The battery is positioned incorrectly.D．It is the wrong remote control.3. What does Chris Evan talk about on social media?A．His character.B．His daily inspiration.C．The people who attack him.4. What's the relationship between the speakers？A．Colleagues.B．Husband and wife.C．Employer and employee.5. What are the speakers going to do?A．Drive home.B．Go shopping.C．Eat out.二、听力选择题6. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Where were they having the dialogue?A．On the man’s way home.B．In an office.C．In a hospital.2. What had happened to the man?A．He was smoked sick in the fire.B．He was badly hurt in the fire.C．He had to quit his job soon.3. What do you think the woman was?A．The man’s wife.B．A fire fighter.C．A policeman.7. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
2019-2020学年上海市静安区教育学院附属学校中学部高三英语一模试题及答案
2019-2020学年上海市静安区教育学院附属学校中学部高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated inLos Angeles,UniversityofSouthern Californiais in the heart of a leading city. Although LA ranks highly in The Economist’s Safe Cities Index, navigating and city calls for certain safety precautions (预防措施) along with practicing common sense.♦Mobile Safety App Powered by LiveSafeThe Mobile Safety App powered by LiveSafe, manage by the USC Department of Public Safety and the USC Department of Emergency Planning, is a free downloadable app that mobile users can use to initiate contact with emergency responders around the campus. Features include: immediate “push button” calls to DPS, easy reporting for suspicious activity or crimes in progress, and location services to notify friends of your route through campus.♦Blue Light Phone LocationsTheUniversity Parkhas multiple blue light phones that are strategically placed throughout campus. Take note of where the closest ones are on your route. They come in handy in case you lose your phone or in an emergency. These phones are directly connected to USC’s Department of Public Safety’s 24-hour communications center. Besides emergency needs, it can also be used to report suspicious activity, request for an escort (护送) if you feel unsafe and to report a crime.♦Trojans AlertTrojans Alert is an emergency notification system that allows university officials to contact you during an emergency by sending messages via text message or email. When an emergency occurs, authorized USC senders will instantly notify you with real-time updates, instructions on where to go, what to do (or what not to do), whom to contact and other important information. All members of the USC community, as well as parents and regular visitors to campus, are strongly encouraged to sign up for Trojans Alert.1. What do blue light phones do for students?A. Guide students through campus.B. Alert students to crime activities.C. Light up the way if students feel unsafe.D. Connect them with the safety department.2. How does USC send out instructions during an emergency?A. With blue light phones.B. Via text message or email.C. Through mobile safe app.D. By calling all USC members.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To encourage students to fight crime.B. To introduce USC’s safety department.C. To provide safety services for USC students.D. To inform parents of safety risks on campus.BAdvertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for criticism. Their critics(批评家)seem to hate them because they have so much money to throw around. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays.The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods is largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of the incidents and disasters.We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmers is due entirely to the money spentby advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustn't forget is the “small ads.” What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the “hatch, match and dispatch” column(栏目) but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or “agony” column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is!4. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Advertisements steal money from our pocketsB. The critics get the wrong idea of advertisements.C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.D. Advertisements are everywhere.5. What is the attitude of the author toward advertisements?A. He appreciates the role of advertisements.B. He doubts the effect of advertisements.C. He believes what is said in advertisements.D. He complains too many advertisements in daily life.6. Which of the following is Not True?A. The personal or “agony” column makes us know more about human nature.B. The only purpose of advertising is to sell goods.C. A newspaper will cost us more if there is no advertisement on it.D. Advertisement makes our life color1 ful.7. Whicof the following shows the structure of the passage?( ①=" Paragraph" 1, ②=" paragraph" 2, ③=" paragraph" 3, ④=" paragraph" 4 ⑤=" paragraph" 5)A B.C. D.CSaroo Brierley, a 4-year-old boy, livedin ruralIndia. One day, he played with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up, he found himself alone. So he got on the train in front of him to search for his brother.That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. He lived on the streets, and then in an orphanage (孤儿院), where he was adopted by an Australian family and taken to Tasmania.Brierley is a famous writer now, and in his new book,A Long Way Home, he wrote he couldn’t help but wonder about his hometown back inIndia. He remembered landmarks, but since he didn’t know his town’s name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country seemed impossible.Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program’s satellite pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town’s central business district from a bird’s-eye view. He thought, “On the right-hand side you should see the three-platform train station”—and there it was. “And on the left-hand side you should see a big fountain”—and there it was. Everything matched!Standing in front of the house where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing at the entrance. It took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look like.In an interview Brierley says, “My mother came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, my eyes filled with tears and my brain blank. I just didn’t know what to say, because I never thought seeing my motherwould ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her.”8. Why did Brierley get on the train when he was a little boy?A. To go back to his home.B. To look for his brother.C. To travel toTasmania.D. To follow a stranger.9. What made it difficult for Brierley to find his hometown?A. The vast area ofIndia.B. The fact that he was nobody then.C. His not remembering the town’s name.D. The distance betweenAustraliaand his hometown.10. How did Brierley find his hometown?A. By studying digital maps.B. By analyzing old pictures.C. By travelling all aroundIndia.D. By spreading his story via his book.11. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Love for MotherB. Union with BrotherC. Memory of HometownD. Long Way back HomeDIn a study published in Nature Machine Intelligence, researchers at Ohio State University show how artificial intelligence（AI）can follow clinical trials to identify drugs for repurposing, a solution that can help advance innovative treatments.Repurposing drugs is legal and not unusual. When doctors prescribe(开处方)drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for purposes different from what is printed on the labels, the drugs are being used “off-label” Just because a drug is FDA-approved for a specific type of disease does not prevent it from having possible benefits for other purposes.For example, Metformin, a drug that is FDA-approved for treating type 2 diabetes, is also used to treatPCOS(a disease of women), and other diseases. Trazodone, an anti-depressant with FDA-approval to treat depression, is also prescribed by doctors to help treat patients with sleep issues.The Ohio State University research team created an AI deep learning model for predicting treatment probability with patient data including the treatment, outcomes, and potential confounders(干扰因素).Confounders are related to the exposure and outcome. For example, a connection is identified between music festivals and increases in skin rashes(红疹). Music festivals do not directly cause skin rashes. In this case, one possible confounding factor between the two may be outdoor heat, as music festivals tend to run outdoors when the temperature is high, and heat is a known cause for rashes. When working with real-world data, confounders could number in the thousands. AI deep learning is well-suited to find patterns in the complexity of potentially thousands of confounders.The researcher team used confounders including population data and co-prescribed drugs. With this proof-of-concept, now clinicians have a powerful AI tool to rapidly discover new treatments by repurposing existing medications.12. What do we know about a drug used off-label?A. It is sold without a label.B. It is available at a low price.C. Its uses extend beyond the original ones.D. Its clinical trials are rejected by doctors.13. Metformin and Trazodone are similar as both of them________.A. are used off-labelB. treat rare diseasesC. result in sleep issuesD. are medical breakthroughs14. What can be inferred about “confounders”?A. They are possible treatments.B. They are environmental factors.C. They can be easily recognized in real-world data.D. They should be taken into serious consideration.15. What is the main idea of the text?A. AI examines benefits of existing drugs.B. AI identifies off-label uses for drugs.C. AI finds new drugs for common diseases.D. AI proves the power of drug research.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2023届上海市静安区高三一模英语试卷(2)
2023届上海市静安区高三一模英语试卷(2)一、听力选择题1. What might bother the man?A．His dieting.B．His weight.C．His schedule.2.A．He is likely to help.B．He has already asked for help.C．He was the last one to use the computer.D．He does not know a lot about computers.3. What did the speakers think of the lecture?A．Fun.B．Boring.C．Informative.4.A．She threw something at a truck.B．She threw herself out of window and broke her leg.C．She moved a truck to save a little boy.D．She rushed to a moving truck to save a kid.5. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?A．Classmates.B．Colleagues.C．Teacher and student.二、听力选择题6. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Who told the woman something about the man?A．Her classmate.B．Her neighbor.C．Her friend.2. What’s the woman like?A．Friendly.B．Shy.C．Humorous.3. What’s the most probable relationship between the speakers?A．Friends.B．Colleagues.C．Strangers.4. When did the woman move?A．About two months ago.B．About two years ago.C．About two days ago.7. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
2020年上海市静安区高考一模英语试题(解析版)
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你被雪崩抛来抛去，发现自己被埋在许多英尺厚的雪下，你可能无法真正知道哪条路是向上的，哪条路是向下的。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构，yourself与burry之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词做宾语补足语，故填buried。
【9题详解】
考查代词。句意：一些雪崩受害者试图挖出他们 出路，却发现他们是颠倒的，在雪下挖得更深，而不是在顶部。dig oneself +介词（短语）表示“挖洞使自己……”，根据“they”可知此处指“他们自己”，故填themselves。
How Do Avalanches Happen
If you’re ever skiing in the mountains, you’ll want to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow down a slope, such as a mountain. The amount of snow in an avalanche___1___(vary) based on many things, but it can be such a huge amount that it can bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow.
Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Just nine days after graduation, the then 26-year-old returned to the newly - founded People’s Republic of China with___12___physics knowledge. He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min.
2023届上海市静安区高三一模英语试卷(含答案解析)
2023届上海市静安区高三一模英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.In a bid to control the nation’s growing problem with food wastage,the South Korean government has started a unique initiative–“Pay as You Trash”.As of now,the South Korean government has three methods____1____place to charge citizens for the food thrown away. One is through a RFI card.When users tap this card over a specially designed food waste bin, the lid(盖子)will open,allowing them to dump their waste.The waste____2____(weigh) automatically and a bill is recorded in the user’s account which the user needs to settle on a monthly basis.Each RFI bin costs$1,500and____3____serve60households.The second billing method is through pre-paid garbage bags.These specially designed bags are priced based on volume.There’s also an electronic management system,____4____ residents put food waste directly into the bin and pay for it by purchasing a special tag____5____(attach)to the bin.Every household in South Korea is subject to one of these payment systems.____6____ the new payment method affects you depends totally on how much food you throw away. Whatever system you use,you are sure to feel the pain of food waste.The more food you throw out,the more you end up____7____(pay).And it’s working.Residents like Seoul housewife Ms.Kwan have found it necessary to adopt innovative methods to avoid food waste.She picks____8____wet out of leftover food before throwing it away.She also separates fresh produce and other food items into____9____(small)portions so that only the required amount is used up per meal.“____10____the fees can be reduced,I’m willing to adopt any innovative method to avoid food waste,”she said.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only beused once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A．favor B．contained C．unseasonable D．consistency E.shiftsF.upsetG.contradictoryH.airI.tornJ.looselyK.stretchedThe party may actually be the last stronghold of the dress code,a tradition that is increasingly falling out of____11____everywhere,from the workplace to the school.As the power of choice____12____away from the institution and toward the individual,the idea of any establishment deciding what is and is not appropriate dress,when dress is so deeply mixed with personal identity,seems increasingly____13____.So why do so many hosts think a dress code is a good idea?On the one hand,it does help reduce guests’confusion and insecurity about what to wear to a special event.And it can help give a party a festive____14____.There’s something very fun about fancy dresses of a theme.Also,if there are photos involved,a certain____15____ in dress can create a clear visual effect for the photos.On the other hand,if the dress code is too unspecific,it only adds to the generalwhat-to-wear confusion,with“dress to impress”being a case in point.Sometimes it involves dresses that seem____16____to an individual’s sense of style.Either way,you will feel____17____between pleasing your host and pleasing yourself.When I asked the designer Ulla Johnson about the issue,she admitted that she demanded a dress code at her wedding:everyone in white.But she also said she wasn’t____18____at all when some guests asked to be an exception to the rule.“At this point,I would say dress codes can be____19____interpreted,”she said.“Putting on something you don’t love because it obeys a code should be off the table.”In other words,a party dress code is not the same as a school uniform.It can be_____20_____to fit each individual.Honey Dijon,the D．J.and musician,likewise believes that open interpretations of dress codes are generally expected,though she has her own solution to the dress code issue.“Choose something that is related to the theme,such as a shoe or a bag,”she said.“That way,the host is satisfied and you still feel confident.”三、完形填空According to a Gallup World Poll,1.1billion people want to move temporarily to another country in the hope of finding more profitable jobs.An additional630million people would like to move abroad permanently.The global desire to leave home arises from poverty and necessity,but it also grows out of a belief that such mobility is possible.People who hold fast to this universal____21____ assume that individuals can and should be feel at home anywhere in the world and that they need not be____22____to any particular place.This view was once regarded as a negative product of the industrialization but is now accepted as central to a(n)____23____economy.It leads to opportunity and profits,but it also has high____24____costs.According to a long research into the emotions and experiences of immigrants(移民)and migrants,many people who leave home in search of better prospects can’t avoid feeling____25____although few speak openly of the substantial pain of leaving home.Such tolerance of emotional suffering became common among mobile Americans in the 20th century,and represented a(n)____26____from the past.In the19th century,Americans of all groups,pioneers,soldiers and the millions of immigrants who streamed into the nation, loudly complained that moving was emotionally____27____.Medical journals explored the condition,often referring to it by its clinical name:nostalgia(思乡).Today,discussions of nostalgia are rare,for the emotion is typically regarded by individuals as an embarrassing block to progress and prosperity.The____28____makes mobility appear misleadingly easy.Technology also tricks us into thinking that mobility is____29____.The comforting vision of____30____offered by technology makes moving seem less consequential,since “one is always just a mouse click or a phone call away”.But such a claim was____31____optimistic,for homesickness continued to hurt many who migrated.The____32____that phone calls and the Internet provide means that those away from home can know exactly what they are missing the exact moment and how it is happening.It gives the impression that one can be in two places at once but it also highlights the____33____of that assumption.The persistence of homesickness points to the limitations of the universal philosophy that strengthens so much of our market and society.The idea that we can and should feel at home any place on the globe is based on a worldview that celebrates the independent,mobile individual and takes it for granted that men and women are easily separated from family,fromhome and from the past.But this view isn’t____34____our emotions,for our attachment to home,although often____35____,is strong and enduring.21．A．subject B．wealth C．vision D．exchange 22．A．transferred B．tied C．reduced D．bridged 23．A．globalized B．intense C．exporting D．degrading 24．A．transporting B．domestic C．psychological D．administrative 25．A．displaced B．suspected C．abused D．monitored 26．A．guidance B．emergency C．departure D．justification 27．A．misleading B．wearing C．resisting D．facilitating 28．A．silence B．restriction C．obstacle D．emotion 29．A．temporary B．traditional C．painless D．formal 30．A．priority B．alert C．connection D．privacy 31．A．overly B．ultimately C．critically D．narrowly 32．A．advancement B．suffering C．immediacy D．variety 33．A．impossibility B．diversity C．distraction D．scale 34．A．in line with B．in addition to C．in honor of D．in need of 35．A．distributed B．underestimated C．illustrated D．identified四、阅读理解I still had a few minutes,so I swung into the cafeteria to grab a coffee.That’s when I spotted him:a threatening-looking punk rocker with biker leathers and black leather boots.Honestly,his look scared me,so I quickly went out trying to avoid a potential encounter.It was1988,and I was a“mature”journalism student,heading to my favorite elective: Sociology-Study of Deviance.Our gray-haired professor was a straight shooter.He usually brought in guest speakers who represented“deviance”.Our guest speakers included an outlandish dancer,a tarot-card reader or even an alcohol addict.And when I was curious that day to see who this session’s speaker was,“Mr.punk rocker”walked in.He started to talk in a soft voice and told us he was a university student,who lived with his grandma who needed help in every aspect.Therefore,he moved in with her and helped with the cooking and shopping,cleaning and laundry.He made sure she took her meds and tried to make her laugh at least once a day.He described it as a“win-win”for both of them,but I suspected that it was a lot tougher than he made it sound.And then he said:“I just figure it’s normal for you to feel negative about me because of the way I look.But isn’t that the reason for the existence of such a course named Study of Deviance?”Wow.Just wow.“It’s hair and clothing,”he said.“I don’t plan to look this way forever,but for now I like it,and do you think it makes me deviant?”Every so often,I think about that young man.He’d be about fifty now and couldn’t realize how he influenced me.Because of his visit that day,my kids were allowed to wear whatever they wanted,as long as it was relatively clean and not morally abusive.They are upright and kind kids although they sometimes surprise us with red hair or strange trousers. And I am also happy that I do my selective of Sociology-Study of Deviance well. 36．The underlined word deviance in the passage is closest in meaning to________. A．dressing.B．style C．abnormality D．maturity 37．According to the passage,which of the following statements about the guest speaker is TRUE?A．He was dressed in a frightening way on purpose in order to surprise the students. B．He recognized the author and tried to tutor her during the session.C．He wasn’t aware that many people misjudged him.D．His behaviors didn’t match the appearance he presented.38．Why does the author think she does the course well?A．Because she has learned to enjoy varied fashion styles.B．Because she didn’t miss any of the course sessions.C．Because she knows appearance doesn’t equal one’s quality.D．Because she understands how to educate her kids.The world hosts thousands of exceptional chocolatiers,some of which our magazine is to present to you.And remember that besides ordinary facts like expiration(过期)date or manufacture place,labels bear essential information.If sugar is listed as the main ingredient(原料)on the label,quickly put it down and find a bar in which cocoa shines.Paul Young,London,EnglandAward-winning master chocolatier Paul Young deserves the credits he receives for hiscreativity and mastery with chocolates.Walk into his shop and experience the scent of fresh chocolates.Young is one of the figures who launched the chocolate reform in London,casting aside the sweet British chocolate of the old for the innovative dark chocolate offerings.Try his dark chocolate bars to become a firm chocolate lover.Three locations in London.Que Bo!,Mexico City,MexicoTraditional Mexican flavors come alive in Que Bo!Que Bo!uses only organic ingredients sourced from local producers.Colored truffles(松露)match their star ingredients, such as orange,mango or salt.A major attraction is its open air courtyard shops.Five locations in Mexico City.SOMA Chocolate maker,CanadaThese Toronto chocolate experts present pure chocolate bars made with beans from around the world.The fir truffles,symbolic of the Canadian pines,combine fruity cocoa and natural oils from the fir trees to give the experience of eating chocolate in a pine forest. SOMA also highlights their expertise(专长)in goods like whiskey and ice cream,which serves as its major selling point providing customers with other choices besides chocolates.Two stores and a lab in downtown Toronto.Sprüngli,Zurich,SwitzerlandWith colorful displays of chocolate truffles and sweets,Sprüngli offers the traditional highend Swiss chocolate experience.This luxury chocolate shop first opened its doors in 1836,the first in Europe according to some.Today,Sprüngli is acclaimed for the chance it offers customers to enjoy coffee and cake in its second-floor café,making the shop a complex of flavor treat.Numerous locations in Zurich.SpagNVola,United StatesSpagNVola husband-and-wife owners oversee entire chocolate process from farm to store,making the shop stand out.First they grow cacao at their farm.The cacao is handpicked, roasted and refined in their Maryland factory before the final products are shown on its shop shelves.Take the free tour to its kitchen and experience the shop’s magic.Their70percent chocolate bars represent the true quality of good chocolate.Three outlets in U.S.39．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．Young followed the old sweet chocolate fashion and created the new focus on dark chocolate.B．Que Bo!is famous for its excellent indoor atmosphere.C．Soma’s main attraction is that it offers items other than chocolates.D．Sprüngli supplies chocolates to various cafes in the country.40．What do all these chocolate shops have in common?A．Initiating the new chocolate trend.B．Combining fresh ingredients with cocoa.C．Enjoying a long history.D．Having more than one shop in its country.41．SpagNVola excels among its peers because________.A．it is run by a coupleB．it controls the whole production processC．customers can visit the shop free of chargeD．it only sells70percent pure chocolate bars42．Why do customers need to pay attention to chocolate labels?A．Because only chocolates from the mentioned shops are high quality.B．Because ingredient list should be checked to guarantee the quality of the chocolate. C．Because the price will be listed on the label.D．Because the expiration date is sometimes missing.As Christmas approached,the price of turkey went wild.It didn’t rocket,as some might suggest.Nor did it crash.It just started waving.We live in the age of the variable prices.In the eyes of sellers,the right price—the one that will draw the most profit from consumers’wallets—has become the focus of huge experiments.These sorts of price experiments have become a routine part of finding that right price.It may come as a surprise that,in buying a pie,you might be participating in a carefully designed social-science experiment.But this is what online comparison shopping has brought. Simply put,the convenience to know the price of anything,anytime,anywhere,has given us, the consumers,so much power that sellers—in a desperate effort to regain the upper hand,or at least avoid extinction—are now staring back through the screen.They are trying to “comparison shopping”us.They have enough means to do so:the huge data tracks you leave behind whenever you place something in your online shopping cart with top data scientists capable of turning the information into useful price strategies,and what one tech economist calls“the ability to experiment on a scale that’s unimaginable in the history of economics.”In result,not coincidentally,normal pricing practices—an advertised discount off the “list price,”two for the price of one,or simply“everyday low prices”are giving way to far more crazy strategies.“In the Internet era,I don’t think anyone could have predicted how complicated these strategies have become,”says Robert Dolan,a professor at Harvard.The price of a can of soda in a vending machine can now vary with the temperature outside.The price of the headphones may depend on how budget-conscious your web history shows you to be.The price may even be affected by the price of the mobile phone you use for item search.For shoppers,that means price—not the one offered to you right now,but the one offered to you 20minutes from now,or the one offered to me,or to your neighbor—may become an increasingly unknowable thing.“There used to be one price for something,”Dolan notes. Now the true price of pumpkin-pie spice is subject to a level of uncertainty. 43．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．When holidays come,prices are usually increased.B．The right price to sellers is the one to bring biggest profits.C．The right price is fixed although it’s hard to find it.D．To buy a pie,customers have to become an expert in economy.44．Sellers stare back through the screen in order to________.A．reflect on the effect of the InternetB．analyze customers’online buying history for price strategyC．double check the existence of the purchaseD．find out online where the lowest prices are45．In Internet age,what element is NOT likely to affect the price of an item?A．The instant mood of the buyer at the time of purchase.B．The necessity level of the item at the time of purchase.C．The extent to which the buyer is sensitive to the price.D．The price of the facility the buyer uses to look for the item.46．What is the passage mainly about?A．The advantages of online shopping over traditional shopping.B．Measures sellers take to maximize profits.C．The analysis of pricing mechanism.D．The battle between buyers and sellers in Internet age.五、六选四Recently,there’s been a lot of talk in U.S.about the“data problem.”It ought to give the “datadriven”school reformers pause to reconsider.Maybe we are just creating a bubble that too will burst if we continue to base our actions on the belief that only scores on standardized instruments are evidence of success.____47____Margo,a famous commenter,states that at least tests are more“reliable”than professional judgment.How can she tell?We want a nation of citizens who are less ready to think that the“truth”can only be captured in one of four answers—a,b,c,or d.____48____But how can the general trend guarantee the reliability of the score of one particular test-taker?Some educator dares to replace these tests with professional human judgments,which must still rest on a numerical rank order based on a,b,c and d.The big problem is that there is often no technical assurance for the reliability of such exams.No wonder many big-name psychologists avoid them.All“reliability”tells us is that the student would get a similar score on a similar test if given at another time or place.But all scores on old or new tests have measurement errors. Like Wall Street’s numbers,we have no independent basis for relying on these scores. Likewise,validity is in the eye of a certain standard of judgments.How ridiculous it is to say for sure that these judgments are justified!When some parents told me that their children seemed to read well,but scored poorly, they often believed the indirect evidence,test score,and not the direct evidence,listening to their children read.Some parents had been trained to distrust judgment and rely on“real evidence”.My own8-year-old son also used to“fail”a3rd grade reading test even though I “knew”he could read fluently.____49____We need schools that“train”our judgment,which help us become adults who are in the habit of bringing judgment to bear on complex phenomenon.____50____It also involves acknowledging that even experts must live with a substantial degree of uncertainty.Only in this way,can we,to some extent,rely on the results of the school education in the U.S.A．Even the technical meaning of“good tests”is open to question.B．It’s when I became a test doubter.C．Different groups of people fit different test patterns.D．On all achievement tests,we’re promised beforehand a population that fits a normal curve (曲线).E．This includes judging which expertise to“trust”and defending such choices.F．Time spent on standardized tests is,in many cases,equal to that on study.六、概要写作51．Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.The music in youAny party goer can tap her heel to an unfamiliar song without realizing it.Yet when asked on site,she might reply:“Music?I don’t know anything about that.”Maybe you’ve heard a variation on this theme:“I don’t have a musical bone in my body.”Most of us make music publicly just a few times a year,when it’s someone’s birthday and the cake comes out.Privately,it’s a different story.We belt out tunes in the shower and create rhythm tracks on our steering wheel.But when we think about musical expertise,we tend to imagine professionals who specialize in performance,people we’d pay to hear.As for the rest of us,our bumbling private efforts,rather than illustrating that we share an irresistible urge to make music,seem only to demonstrate that we don’t enjoy essential musical capacity.But the more psychologists investigate musicality,the more it seems that nearly all of us are musical experts,in quite a surprising sense.A lot of the most interesting and substantial elements of musicality are things that we all share.We aren’t talking about instinctive,inborn universals here.Our musical knowledge is the product of long experience;maybe not years spent over an instrument,but a lifetime spent absorbing music from the open window of every passing car.In fact,for all its remarkable power,music is in good company.Many of our feelings are governed by a similar rule.We don’t know how we come to like certain food more than others.We don’t know why we fall in love.Yet in the very act of making these choices we reveal the effects of a host of instinctive mental processes.The fact that we respond to musicso naturally and normally actually speaks to its strength and universality.___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________七、汉译英（整句）52．在烟雾的掩护下，她从边门溜走了。
2024届上海静安区高三一模英语试题及答案
上海静安区2023-2024学年第一学期期末教学质量调研高三英语试卷(满分140分,完卷时间120分钟)2023年12月考生注意：1.完卷时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。
2.本调研设试卷和答题纸两部分，全卷共12页。
所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
第Ⅰ卷(共100分)I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.In a gallery. B.At the barber's. C.In a restaurant. D.At the tailor's.2.A.Fellow workers. B.Family members.C.Doctor and patient.D.Driver and passenger.3.A.Choosing psychology. B.Choosing economics.C.Neither is a good choice.D.Choosing a major of interest.4. A.She did not feel sorry for being late for the appointment.B.She did not inform the man of her del ay in advance.C.She wasn't really caught in the traffic jam.D.She wasn't always late for the appointment.5. A.It was lost and won't be found. B.It was transferred to a different city.C.It was delivered to her hotel already.D.It was stolen during her trip.6．. A.He has realized he still leaves much to be desired.B.He is angry with not getting the lead role in the play.C.He is confident about getting the lead role next time.D.He feels reluctant to take the new responsibilities.7. A.They told a lot of stories during the meeting.B.There is no need for them to argue so fiercely in public.C.Both perspectives should be considered before judging.D.They should have resolved their issues in private.8. A.She has already been to the café.B.She is not interested in going to the café.C.She knows about the cafébut hasn't visited it.D.She wants to go to the caféright away.9. A.She expects the man to help Brian move to a new house.B.She expects the man to take mum to Brain's new house.C.She expects the man to celebrate mum's birthday together.D.She expects the man to make a phone call to Mum.10.A.The fantastic and high-quality camera. B.The need for better internet connectivity.C.Their favorite photography techniques.D.The pros and cons of a new smartphone.Sect ion BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.Its regular driving practices and poor vehicles.B.Its lack of green spaces and air cleaners.C.Its excessive water pollution and rubbish.D.Its high air pollution and crowded roads.12.A.Establishing a high interest loan scheme.B.Removing outdated black and white taxis.C.Encouraging customers to create new ideas.D.Making advertisements on old vehicles.13.A.Because customers are more friendly and richer.B.Because all new cabs provide air-conditioning.C.Because all new cabs are equipped with meters.D.Because car manufacturers can earn extra money.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.Canceling all the gifts. B.Applying a‘one-gift’rule.C.Giving children less time to play.D.Encouraging buying second-hand gifts.15.A.Buying a rare and expensive souvenir.B.Buying a hand-made craft product.C.Giving something that won't cost money.D.Giving an experience of something new.16.A.The waste caused by Christmas gifts.B.The importance of buying gifts for children.C.The creative ideas of giving gifts to avoid waste.D.The negative effects of receiving too many gifts.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.By trading physical items. B.By exchanging artistic creativity.C.By hosting art exhibitions.D.By making artistic advertisements.18.A.Painting and writing. B.Graphic design and photography.C.Music and album cover design.D.Video editing and project management.19.A.Members can benefit without efforts.B.Members can make money by providing artistic services.C.Members can get copyrights of other artistic offerings.D.Members can have access to the creative exchange list.petitive individualism. B.Artistic cooperation and inspiration.C.Individual fame in the art field.D.Material collaboration and exchange.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Japan's robot revolution in senior careJapan's artificial intelligence expertise is transforming the elder care industry,with21 (specialize)robotic care accomplishing more than just taking pressure off the critical shortage of caregivers.Senior care facilities across Japan are testing out such new robots22deliver a collection of social and physical health care and the government-backed initiative has been met with positive reviews by elderly residents.The rapidly graying population23(eye)by the government as a potential market for medical technology now.Disappointing government predictions show that by2025,Japan's first baby boomers will have turned75and about7million people are likely to suffer from some form of dementia(痴呆).The nation won't be able to avoid a dementia crisis24an additional380.000 senior care workers.The long-standing shortage of professional care workers has encouraged the Japanese government25(simplify)procedures for foreign caregivers to be trained and certified.The current Technical Intern Training Program between Vietnam,the Philippines,and Indonesia,under26Economic Partnership Agreement,was extended to include nursing care as well as agriculture, fishery,and construction sectors.27the government made efforts to increase the numbers of senior care workers,the target number of foreign graduates has still fallen flat,with the national caregiver examination proving a major obstacle to pass.The success rate for foreign students was a merely106students last year,28 has slightly improved to216students this year.Another depressing reality is that19to38percent of foreign nurses who pass the exam opt to leave the industry and return home,29(cite)tough work conditions and long hours.Given the challenges,this is30the government believes care robots will be able to step in.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.smoothingB.remainC.switchedD.likelihoodE.impactF.tipG.broadly H.headed I.booming J.positioning K.reliablySea-level rise predictionsA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus,a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences, spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska's southeastern31near Disenchantment Bay.The glacier is unique because,unlike other glaciers,it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined,32,as one that starts flowing at least10times faster than normal. But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood,although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the33of glacial surging.During Turner's surges,the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly3feet a day to65feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea level rise,and current climate change models don't34account for these movements.For example, Greenland's glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise.Since the early 2000s,Greenland35from not having any effect on world sea levels,to increasing sea level by about1millimeter per year.Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures, which leads to more ice melting.The other half,however,is because glaciers in Greenland are,as a whole,moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier.Glaciers are full of holes,and water runs through those holes.When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier,it starts to move,partly because it's lifting the mass of ice and rock off the ground and partly because it's36the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier,and how does the movement37 the glacier’s speed?Those are the questions the scientists hope to answer.Bartholomaus,some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University,38onto the ice in August.They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters.They placed roughly30instruments,burying them deeply into the glacier and39 them on rock outcroppings(露岩)alongside the glacier.This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries.Those instruments will40on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops,providing researchers with before and after data.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Investors probably expect that following the suggestions of stock analysts would make them better off than doing the exact opposite.41,recent research by Nicola Gennaioli and his colleagues shows that the best way to gain excess return s would be to invest in the shares least favored by analysts.They compute that,during the last35years,investing in the10percent of U.S. stocks analysts were most42about would have yielded on average3percent a year.43, investing in the10percent of stocks analysts were most pessimistic about would have yielded a surprising15percent a year.Gennaioli and colleagues shed light on this44with the help of cognitive sciences and,in particular,using Kahneman and Tversky's concept of representativeness.Decision makers, according to this view,45the representative features of a group or a phenomenon.These are defined as the features that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group.After observing strong earnings growth—the explanation goes—analysts think that the firm may be the next Google.“Googles”are in fact more frequent among firms experiencing strong growth,which makes them46.The problem is that“Googles”are very47in absolute terms.As a result,expectations become too optimistic,and future performance48.A model of stock prices in which investor beliefs follow this logic can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the beliefs of analysts and the dynamics(动态变化)of stock returns.In related work,the authors also show that the same model can49booms and busts in the volume of credit and interest rate spreads.These works are part of a research project aimed at taking insights from cognitive sciences and at50them into economic models.Kahneman and Tversky's concept of“representativeness”lies at the heart of this effort.“In a classical example,we51to think of Irishmen as redheads because red hair is much more frequent among Irishmen than among the rest of the world,”Prof. Gennaioli says.“However,only10percent of Irishmen are redheads.In our work,we developmodels of belief formation that show this logic and study the52of this important psychological force in different fields.”Representativeness helps describe53and behavior in different fields,not only in financial markets.One such field is the formation of stereotypes about social groups.In a recent experimental paper,Gennaioli and colleagues show that representativeness can explain self-confidence,and in particular the54of women to compete in traditionally male subjects,such as mathematics.A slight prevalence of55male math ability in the data is enough to make math ability un-representative for women,driving their under confidence in this particular subject.41.A.Consequently B.Furthermore C.Nevertheless D.Meanwhile42.A.curious B.controversial C.concerned D.optimistic43.A.In brief B.By contrast C.In addition D.Without doubt44.A.engagement B.concentration C.puzzle D.definition45.A.memorize B.prioritize C.modernize D.fertilize46.A.representative B.argumentative C.executive D.sensitive47.A.harsh B.adaptable C.crucial D.rare48.A.cheers B.disappoints C.stabilizes D.improves49.A.account for B.count on C.suffer from D.hold up50.A.pouring B.admitting C.integrating D.tempting51.A.pretend B.afford C.offer D.tend52.A.effects B.delights C.intervals D.codespanions B.scales C.expectations D.findings54.A.necessity B.involvement C.perseverance D.reluctance55.A.equivalent B.exceptional C.mysterious D.distressingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Montessori was born in Italy in1870with progressive parents,who frequently communicated with the country's leading thinkers and scholars.This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time.Her mother's support was vital for some important decisions,such as her enrolment in a technical school after her elementary education.Her parents'support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine,a field that was dominated by men.Soon after graduating,in1896,Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome,where she cared for children with learning difficulties.The rooms were bare,with just a few pieces of furniture.One day,she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs(面包屑)that had dropped on the floor.It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty.With the right learning materials,these and other young minds could be nurtured,Montessori concluded.The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses.In addition,each child should also be allowed to move and act freely,and use their creativity and problem-solving skills.Teachers took the role of guides,supporting the children without press or control.Montessori opened her first Children's House in1907.When the Fascists(法西斯主义者)first came into power in Italy in1922,they initially embraced her movement.But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children's freedom of expression.Montessori's values had always been about human respect,and the rights of children and women,but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame.Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools'educational content,and in1934Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy.She didn't return to her homeland until1947,and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in1952,at the age of81.56.The primary reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method was.A.her family's supportive influence on her educationB.her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinicC.her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happilyD.her decision to study medicine,a field dominated by men57.What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method as described in the passage?A.Providing standardized,one-size-fits-all learning materials.B.Encouraging strict discipline and control over children's actions.C.Focusing on rote memorization and competition.D.Creating a free and children-centered learning environment.58.Montessori decided to leave Italy in1934because.A.she wanted to explore other countries and culturesB.she wanted to avoid the Fascist's influence on her workC.she was offered a better job in a different countryD.she wanted to retire and enjoy a peaceful life in another country59.Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage?A.Observant and innovative.B.Traditional and emotional.C.Progressive and dependent.D.Open-minded and indifferent.(B)Reducing the workweek to four days could have a climate benefit.In addition to improving the well-being of workers,cutting working hours may reduce carbon emissions.But those benefits would depend on a number of factors,experts emphasize,including how people choose to spend nonworking time.Commuting and travelTransportation is the biggest contributor to greenhouse emissions.A November2021survey of2,000 employees and500business leaders in the United Kingdom found that if all organizations introduced a four-day week,the reduced trips to work would decrease travel overall by more than 691million miles a week.But the climate benefits of less commuting could be eliminated,experts said,if people choose to spend their extra time off traveling,particularly if they do so by car or plane.Energy usageShorter working hours could lead to reductions in energy usage,experts said.According to a 2006paper,if the United States adopted European work standards,the country would consume about20percent less energy.Energy could also be conserved if fewer resources are needed to heat and cool large office buildings,reducing demands on electricity.For example,if an entire workplace shuts down on the fifth day,that would help lower consumption—less so if the office stays open to accommodate employees taking different days off.Lifestyle changesIt's possible that fewer working hours may lead some people to have a larger carbon footprint, but experts say research suggests that most people are likely to shift toward more sustainable lifestyles.One theory is that people who work more and have less free time tend to do things in more carbon-intensive ways,such as choosing faster modes of transportation or buying prepared foods. Convenience is often carbon-intensive and people tend to choose convenience when they're time-stressed.Meanwhile,some research suggests that those who work less are more likely to engage in traditionally low-carbon activities,such as spending time with family or sleeping.“When we talk about the four-day workweek and the environment,we focus on the tangible, but actually,in a way,the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible,”experts said.60.What is identified as the leading cause of greenhouse emissions according to the passage?A.The well-being of employees.B.The conservation of energy.muting and travel.D.The European work standard.61.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence“the biggest potential benefit here is in theintangible”in the last paragraph?A.People will have big potential in achieving intangible benefits while working.B.People are more likely to engage in carbon-intensive activities due to time constraints.C.People may shift toward more sustainable lifestyles and lower carbon footprints.D.People may travel more frequently by car or plane during their extra time off.62.The passage is mainly written to.A.highlight the importance of shortening working time in the context of well-beingB.provide an overview of transportation emissions worldwideC.analyze the impact of reduced working hours on mode of businessD.illustrate factors affecting the climate benefits of a shorter workweek(C)The cultivation of plants by ants is more widespread than previously realized,and has evolved on at least15separate occasions.There are more than200species of an t in the Americas that farm fungi(真菌)for food,but this trait evolved just once sometime between45million and65million years ago.Biologists regard the cultivation of fungi by ants as true agriculture appearing earlier than human agriculture because it meets four criteria:the ants plant the fungus,care for it,harvest it and depend on it for food.By contrast,while thousands of ant species are known to have a wide variety of interdependent relationships with plants,none were regarded as true agriculture.But in2016,Guillaume Chomicki and Susanne Renner at the University of Munich,Germany,discovered that an ant in Fungi cultivates several plants in a way that meets the four criteria for true agriculture.The ants collect the seeds of the plants and place them in cracks in the bar k of trees.As the plants grow,they form hollow structures called domain that the ants nest in.The ants defecate(排便) at designated absorptive places in these domain,providing nutrients for the plant.In return,as well as shelter,the plant provides food in the form of fruit juice.This discovery prompted Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships to see if there are other examples of plant cultivation that have been overlooked.“They have never really been looked at in the framework of agriculture,”says Chomicki,who is now at the University of Sheffield in the UK.“It's definitely widespread.”The team identified37examples of tree-living ants that cultivate plants that grow on trees, known as epiphytes(附生植物).By looking at the family trees of the ant species,the team was able to determine on how many occasions plant cultivation evolved and roughly when.Fifteen is a conservative estimate,says Campbell.All the systems evolved relatively recently,around1million to 3million years ago,she says.Whether the37examples of plant cultivation identified by the team count as true agriculturedepends on the definitions used.Not all of the species get food from the plants,but they do rely on them for shelter,which is crucial for ants living in trees,says Campbell.So the team thinks the definition of true agriculture should include shelter as well as food.63.According to biologists,why is ant-fungus cultivation considered as a form of true agriculture?A.Because it occurred earlier than human agriculture.B.Because it fulfills the standards typical of agricultural practices.C.Because it redefines the four criteria for true human agriculture.D.Because it is less common than previously thought.64.What motivated Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships?A.They determined on new family trees of the ant species.B.They overlooked some tree-living ants that provided nutrients for the plants.C.They never studied the ant-plant relationships within the context of agriculture.D.They never identified any an t species that engaged in cultivation of fungi.65.Which of the following statements is supported by the team's findings according to the passage?A.Ants’cultivation of plants is limited to a few specific species.B.The cultivation of fungi by ants is considered the earliest form of agriculture.C.True agriculture in ants involves only food-related interactions with plants.D.Ants have independently cultivated plants on at least15distinct occasions.66.What is the passage mainly about?A.The evolution of ants in the plant kingdom.B.The widespread occurrence of ant-plant cultivation.C.The discovery of a new ant species engaging in agriculture.D.The contrast between ant agriculture and human agriculture.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.In the end,it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity.B.Doppelgängers will also have some of the same DNA as you.C.To enter your workplace,you likely need to be recognizable.D.Why are people interested in finding their possible doppelgangers?E.Eventually,discovering a person's doppelgänger might widen trust boundaries.F.A doppelgänger was said to be a spirit-double that copied every human and beast on earth.What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you?Would it be a good thing?And if you did have one,would you want to meet them?Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you.Your passport,ID card and driving license all feature your face.67You may need your face to unlock your smartphone andpossibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.The word‘doppelgänger’refers to a person who looks the same as you,essentially sharing your features;those that you thought were unique to you and your identity.Not identical twins,as a doppelgänger has no relation to you.The idea originated in German folklore.68So,let's get real.What are the chances of you having one in the first place?There's said to be a one in135chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world,so the chances are pretty low,despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise.And the chances of meeting?The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.That said,these statistics may be a good thing.Historically,having a double wasn't always a positive.Back in1999,an innocent American man,indistinguishable from the real criminal,was sent to prison for robbery,where he stayed for19years.69.In a different case,a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelgänger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!70The fascination with doppelgängers may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meant they were from the same family or had a common ancestor.It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike,creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting. However,as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing,we understand that after such an experience,you might not want to meet your doppelgänger again.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Competitive CheerleadingOver the years,cheerleading has taken two primary forms:game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading.Game-time cheerleaders'main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers,which should not be considered a sport.However,competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment.It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity.The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling(翻腾运动)ability.It's a very common thing for gymnasts,so it's easy for them to go into competitive ually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps,tumbling,and overall energy.They also perform lifts and throws.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared.It is awarded points for technique,creativity and ually the more difficult the action is,the better the score is.That's why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.Besides,there is also a strict rule of time.The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds,during which the cheerleaders are。
2020届上海市静安区教育学院附属学校中学部高三英语一模试卷及答案解析
2020届上海市静安区教育学院附属学校中学部高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AMust-see MusicalsReady to get back to the theater and enjoy some toe-tapping show tunes? Whether you're a Londoner or just visiting the capital for a day, you're sure to find a good night out from our selection of must-see musicals. Book your ticketsin advance to catch the hottest shows!●TINA- The Tina Turner MusicalFrom humble beginnings in Nutbush, Tennessee, to her transformation into global Queen of Rock n' Roll, Tina Turner didn't just break the rules, she rewrote them. This new stage musicalreveals the story of a woman who dared to defy the bounds of her age, gender and race. TINA—The Tina Turner Musical is written by Oliver Award-winning playwright Katori Hall and directed by Phyllida Lloyd.Performance times: Monday 7 pm; From June 3, 2021 until June 26, 2022Venue: Aldwych Theater, 49 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4DF●The Lion KingTaking the famous story of Simba and his ascension to king, the stage show is a one-way ticket to Pride Lands. With fascinating scenery drawing you in, you'll almost feel like you're part of the action as you journey through Simba's world. To bring The Lion King to life, the show's original director, Julie Taymor, combined live performers and creative props. Creating a visual feast that's since redefined how musicals could and should look, The Lion King really is an all singing, all-dancing affair.Performance times: Tuesday—Saturday 7: 30 pm; From June 1, 2021 until April 3, 2022Venue: Lyceuwm Theater, 21 Wellington Street, London WC2E 7RQ●The Prince of EgyptJourney through the wonders of Ancient Egypt as two young men, raised together as brothers in a kingdom of privilege, find themselves suddenly divided by a secret past. One must rule as Pharaoh, but the other must rise up and free histrue people; both face a destiny that will change history forever.With a huge cast and orchestra of almost 60 artists, this “truly phenomenal production” is based on theclassic Dream Works Animation film and features the international best-selling, Academy Award-winning song When You Believe.Performance times: Monday—Saturday 7: 30 pm; From July 1, 2021 until January 8, 2022Venue: Dominion Theater, 268—269 Tottenham Court Rd, Fitzrovia, London W1T 7AQ1. Who is the author of TINA—The Tina Turner Musical?A. Oliver Award.B. Katori Hall.C. Phyllida Lloyd.D. Tina Turner.2. What is special for The Lion King?A. It is written by a famous director.B. It reveals a conflict between two brothers.C. It offers a lifelike feast for eyes.D. It shows the importance of protecting lions.3. If you prefer the songWhen You Believe, which theater should you go to?A. Dominion Theater.B. Lyceuwm Theater.C. Aldwych Theater.D. Egypt Theater.BYou’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part ofVon Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明）a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒）from a truck all atonce.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.4. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Introducing eco-friendly products.C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage on the beach.5. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.B. To explain why they are useful.C. To voice his views on modern art.D. To find a substitute for them.6. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?A. Calming.B. Disturbing.C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic SafetyB. Media Interest in Contemporary ArtC. Responsibility Demanded of Big CompaniesD. Ocean Plastics Transformed into SculpturesCSome years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe.I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly claim to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was limited to a little college French.I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, totally unfamiliar with local geography or transportation system？It seemed impossible, and with considerable regret. Suddenly a thought ran through my mind: you can't learn if you don't try. So I accepted the assignment.There were some bad moments. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even advanced bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new, along with the different, is almost scary by definition. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.I've learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a balloon. And I know I'll go on doing such things. It's not because I'm braver or more daring than others. I'm not. But I'll accept anxiety as another name for challengeand I believe I can accomplish wonders.8. The author accepted the assignment because_________.A. he had never travelled abroad beforeB. he hardly knew any foreign languagesC. he was familiar with any other country in EuropeD. he would learn something new and different by trying9. Which of the following statements is TRUE？A. The author had been abroad only twice.B. The author thought the trip was hard but worthwhile.C. The author admitted that anything different was terrible.D. The author must be good at doing research and making interviews.10. We can infer from the text that the author is_______.A. awkwardB. generousC. stubbornD. brave11. What's the best title of the text？A. An Interesting Trip AbroadB. My First Writing AssignmentC. Ready to Try and ChallengeD. How to Be Daring and Brave.DIdentifying the chemical makeup of pigment (色素) used in ancient documents, paintings, and watercolor1 s is criticalto restoring and conserving the precious artworks. However, despite numerous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color1 manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages — from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, a team of researchers fromPortugalhas finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for the gorgeous blueish-purple color1 that helped bring ancient illustrations and texts to life.The research team began byporing overinstructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th, 14th, and 15th centuries. They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text entitledThe Book on How to Make All the Color Paints for Illuminating Books. However, translating the instructions was no easy task. It was written in the now extinct Judaeo-Portuguese language, and though the source of the dye was traced back to a plant, no name was mentioned.However, by piecing together suggestions from the text, the scientists were able to determine that the dye was made from the bluish-green berries of the chrozophora tinctoria plant. After an extensive search, the teamfound a few varieties of the plant growing along the roadside near the town ofMonsarazin southPortugal.The detailed instructions gave the researchers critical clues — including the best time to pick the berries. “You need to squeeze the fruits, being careful not to break the seeds, and then to put them on linen (亚麻).” The scientist says the detail was important since broken seeds polluted the pigment, producing an inferior quality ink. The dyed linen, which was left to dry, was an efficient way to store and transport the pigment during ancient times. When needed, the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color1 .Once the key ingredient had been identified, the researchers began to determine the dye’s molecular structure. To their surprise, they found that folium was not like any other known permanent blue dyes — it was an entirely new class of color1 , one they named chrozophoridin. “Chrozophoridin was used in ancient times to make a beautiful blue dye for painting.” the team wrote in the study. “Thus, we believe that this will not be our final word on this amazing plant and its story and that further discoveries will follow soon.”12. The primary purpose of the study is to ________.A. restore and conserve ancient precious artworksB. determine the substance making up the foliumC. prove the ancient dye-making technique was organicD. identify which class of color1 folium belongs to13. The underlined phrase “poring over”in the second paragraph means ________.A. discussing publiclyB. testing repeatedlyC. passing directlyD. reading carefully14. What can be learned about the blue dye folium?A. It was essentially an inferior type of ink.B. It was the only kind made from wild berries.C. It could be carried and used easily.D. It was carefully squeezed from broken seeds.15. The article is mainly about _________.A. how the mystery ofa thousand-year-old blue dye was solvedB. why the researchers took the trouble to recreate the dyeC. what needs to be done to make an organic dye from a plantD. when and where the discovery of the dye was made第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年上海市静安区高考一模英语试题(解析版)
Avalanches usually occur during the winter and spring,___4___snowfall is greatest. As they are dangerous to any living beings in their path, avalanches have destroyed forests, roads, railroads and even entire towns. Warning signs exist that allow experts to predict -- and often prevent -- avalanches from_______5_______
When deadly avalanches do occur, the moving snow can quickly reach over 80 miles per hour. Skiers caught in such avalanches can be buried under dozens of feet of snow.___7___it’s possible to dig out of such avalanches, not all are able to escape.
2020-2021学年上海市静安区教育学院附属学校中学部高三英语一模试卷及答案解析
2020-2021学年上海市静安区教育学院附属学校中学部高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour Truly Unique Canadian Camping ExperiencesMount Robson Provincial Park,British ColumbiaNamed after the highest mountain in the Canadian Rockies, this park gives you breathtaking views of mountain landscapes along with lakes, waterfalls, canyons, and caves. The Berg Lake campground is located right at the northern base of the 3, 954-meter peak (山巅), which is about a day's hike in.Fundy National Park,New BrunswickIf you've grown tired of the tent or RV, this park is one of the few national parks offering yurt (蒙古包) rentals. Make sure you visit theBay of Fundywhere the world's highest tides make for some great surfing. You also can't miss the amazing Acadian forest waterfall. If you're looking for even more entertainment, the park also hostsmusic and cultural festivals each summer and has its own golf course.KluaneNational Parkand ReserveYukonFrom May to September, theKathleenLakecampground sees visitors come from far and wide to camp, hike and fish. Mountaineering is especially popular as Kluane is home to 17 of Canada's 20 highest peaks. Flightseeing over the park's glaciers and rafting (漂流) the winding Alsek River will also keep you out enjoying the wilderness.Prince Edward Island National Park,Prince Edward IslandIf you're looking for a family-friendly park, this one is wonderful. Between the seven beaches and more than 50 kilometersof hiking and cycling trails, you'll certainly be kept busy. Literature lovers, you can see what inspired L.M. Montgomery'sAnne of Green Gables at the nearby Green Gables Heritage Place and even explore the original house.1. Where is the park offering yurt rentals located?A. InBritish Columbia.B. InNew Brunswick.C. InYukon.D. InPrince Edward Island.2. What can you do inKluaneNational Parkand Reserve?A. Climb the highest mountain inCanada.B. Experience the highest tides.C. Raft the windingAlsekRiver.D. Attend music and cultural festivals.3. Which will you choose if you are a fan of Anne of Green Gables?A.Mount RobsonProvincialPark.B. Fundy National Park.C.KluaneNational Parkand Reserve.D.Prince Edward IslandNational Park.BAfter almost an entire year of not going shopping and vacationing, you find the numbers reflected by your bank account meet your heart’ s desire.Now the most important question comes, what to do with the earnings? Should you fulfill dreams of the present, invest in preserving the future or perhaps keep saving it for a rainy day?Our elders always try to teach us the value of money and its moral weakness. One may be on a winning streak (连续成功) now, but it will not always be so. One will have days when there will be no sunshine but only rain, and their luck will hide behind those thick grey clouds. Save for those rainy days, they say. Do not spend too much, live within a budget,refrain fromcredit no matter how small and save for the future.Since the very first time we earn our own money from a summer job or earning our first salary, the lessons start. In fact, the pocket money that we receive when we are children begins the process of learning how to best manage one’ s money.People often think like this — one day when I have enough money, I will travel the world. Then, once we do earn enough money, tomorrow’ s plans start shadowing our present ones. However, is it wise to keep living for that future? Will we still enjoy or even be able to backpack in our 50s? How will we ever enjoy our present if we are constantly living for the future?Good questions, aren’ t they? I say travel but don’ t let yourself run dry, treat yourself to some luxuries but also keep enough for your necessities, and enjoy your present but with a plan for the foreseeable future. Life is for the living, so live it sensibly.4. Why do elders teach us to save money?A. Because there are more rainy days in life.B. Because no one can win streak.C. Because good days may end.D. Because money can’t buy everything.5. What does the underlined phrase “refrain from” mean in Paragraph 3?A. select fromB. hold backC. rely onD. prefer to6. Which of the following opinions would the author agree?A. To enjoy yourself in the right time.B. To wait to travel until we have enough money.C. To go backpacking in our 50s.D. To live for the future.7. What should we do with the earnings according to the author?A. We should save all for rainy days.B. We should fulfill our dreams.C. We should entertain ourselves.D. We should live the present wisely.CBabies who frequently communicate with their caregivers using eye contact and vocalisations(发声)at the age of one are more likely to develop greater languages skills by the time they reachtwo,according to new research.In the study, researchers looked at 11-and 12-month-od babies' vocalisations. gestures and gaze behaviours ,and at how their caregivers responded to them.To measure he interactions ,the researchers videoed infants(婴儿)and caregiver at home,and asked them to play as usual.They took those recordings back to the universityThe scientists then used statistical models to find that the best predictor of vocabulary at 24 months was when infants were seen to use vocalsatioms while looking at their caregiver's face when they were about a year old.The benefits were even greater when these interactions were followed by responses from the caregiver.The statistics showed that at 19 months,children had an average of about 100 words.Those who exhibited the beneficial interactive behaviour earlier in life were seen to have an average of about 30 extra words."The message of this paper is thatitis the result of a joint effort; noticing what your child is attending to and talking to them about it will support their language development." said McGillion, a co-author of the work."The joy of this message is that that can happen in any context... across any part of your day.It's not something that requires special equipment or even lots of time.I can happen when you're doing the laundry,for example—when you're taking out the socks, you can talk about socks...in the park, in the car, at mealtimes,at bathtimes.This finding can be used in any context,"added McGillion."This is a developmental snapshot in the first year of life, but children are constantly growing and changing and so are their behaviours. It would be interesting to look at these sorts of behaviours again as children progress through the second year of life to see what's happening there,"said Donnellan,the lead author on the study.8. How did the researchers get the findings?A. By interacting with babies.B. By asking babies to vocalize.C. By analyzing relevant recordings.D. By referring to the previous statistics.9. What does he underlined word "it"in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Infants' eye contact.B. Infants' larger vocabulary.C. The response from caregivers.D. The best predictor of vocabulary.10. What did McGilion say about infants' interactive behaviour?A. I's easy to perform.B. It's complex to understand.C. It's difficult to copy.D. It's interesting to video.11. What might further studies be on?A. Children's academic progress.B. Children's growing environment.C. Children's potential physical development.D. Children's behaviours across more age ranges.DAddiction to smartphones will result in poor sleep, according to a new study.The study, published Tuesday in Frontiers in Psychiatry, looked at smartphone use among 1,043 students between the ages of 18 and 30at King's College London. Researchers asked the students to complete two questionnaires on their sleep quality and smartphone use, in person and online.Using a 10-question scale that was developed to judge smartphone addiction in children, nearly 40% of the university students qualified as "addicted" to smartphones, the study found. “Our findings are in agreement withother reported studies in young adult populations globally, which are in the range of 30-45%,” lead author Sei Yon Sohn and her co-authors wrote in the study. "Later time of use was also significantly connected with smartphone addiction, with use after 1 a.m. increasing a 3- times risk," the authors wrote.Students who reported high use of smartphones also reported poor sleep quality, the study found. That foils in line with previous studies that have found overuse of smartphones at night to be associated with trouble falling asleep, reduced sleep duration (睡眠持续时间)and daytime tiredness. That's likely because use of smartphones close to bedtime has been shown to delay the body's normal sleep - and - wake clock.In fact, the No. 1 rule is "no computers, cell phones, and ipads in bed and at least one hour beforebed Dr. Vsevolod Polotsky, who directs sleep basic research, said in a recent interview. That's because "any LED light source from electronics (电子设备)may further hold back melatonin (褪黑激素)levels," Polotsky said. Melatonin is often referred to as a "sleep hormone," because we sleep better during the night when levels reach the top.“This is a cross-sectional study, and it cannot lead to any firm conclusions about smartphone use as the cause of reduced sleep quality, said Bob Patton, a lecturer in clinical psychology at the University of Surrey, via email.12. How did Sei Yon Sohn's team begin their study?A. By publishing researching papers.B. By responding to others’ concern.C. By collecting firsthand data.D. By turning to related experts.13. What did the study find about sleep quality and smartphone use?A. 30-45% of the university students are addicted to smartphones.B. High use of smartphones is related to poor sleep quality.C. Overuse of smartphones leads to shorter sleep duration.D. Use after 1 a.m. will result in smartphone addiction.14. What is Polotsky's opinion on electronics ?A. We should stop using them an hour before going to sleep.B. LED light source from them will delay normal sleep- and- wake clock.C. Reduced sleep quality has nothingto do with them.D. No electronics should be used in bed at any time.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Say No to SmartphonesB. Sleep Quality Can Be ImprovedC. LED Light Source Causes Great HarmD. Smartphone Addiction Ruins Sleep第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海市静安高三英语一模试卷(含答案和听力材料)
静安区2019学年第一学期教学质量检测高三年级英语试卷2019. 12考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，全卷共12页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
I．Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Manager and secretary. B. Customer and salesgirl.C. Man and wife.D. Salesman and manufacturer.2. A. $ 240. B. $ 290. C. $250. D. $ 200.3. A. At a museum. B. At a library. C. At a bookstore. D. At a coffee shop.4. A. Tonight. B. On Friday night. C. On Saturday. D. Next week.5. A. Take care of the baby. B. Fix the air-conditioner.C. Stay in the room alone.D. Get a repairman.6. A. There is no convenient store nearby.B.Convenient stores may not sell phone chargers.C.The phone charger sold online is of poor quality.D.Nobody will be available at the convenient store.7. A. His membership is no longer valid. B. He is tired of that gym.C. He never went to that gym.D. He went to that gym only once.8. A. He might be a perfectionist.B. He is arguing with his colleagues.C. He is annoyed by the constant changes.D. He is not bright enough to understand the plan.9. A. More courses benefit the woman.B. The woman will be burnt out if she takes 6 courses.C. The woman will have to book a room in the library.D. The woman should live in the library for the exams.10. A. She can only cook Chinese-style dishes.B. She learned her cooking from her mother.C. It always takes her a long time to prepare a meal.D. She will order some food for her house-warming party.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the longer conversation. The passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Bad weather. B. Mistakes made by the air traffic controllers.C. The loss of control of the airplane.D. The duty of the pilot.12. A. The pilot of the second plane made a big mistake.B. They avoided each other by turning in different directions.C. They narrowly escaped crashing into each other.D. One plane was suddenly out of control.13. A. Air controllers are often careless.B. The importance of the pilots.C. Air travel is much safer than other means of travelling.D. The potential danger of air travel.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Parents have little control over what children are watching or playing.B. The media are full of violence.C. Children think that violence and crime are normal.D. Young people are harder to discipline.15. A. They should keep their kids from watching movies or playing games.B. They should ask for help from the schools.C. They should speak out against the entertainment industry.D. They should take their children out for walks.16. A. The differences between the past and the present.B. People’s attitudes toward violence in the media.C. How violence in the media affects society.D. The necessity of keeping children from playing video games.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Something is wrong with the engine. B. The car never went wrong before.C. The car is too old to drive.D. She is not sure about the problem.18. A. In Japan. B. In Germany. C. In America. D. In Italy.19. A. The mechanic charged her a reasonable price.B. The mechanic gave her an unreasonable price.C. The mechanic overcharged her.D. The mechanic undercharged her.20. A. The mechanic is undependable. B. The mechanic is tricky.C. The mechanic is trustworthy.D. The mechanic is helpful.II．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How Do Avalanches HappenIf you’re ever skiing in the mountains, you’ll want to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow down a slope, such as a mountain. The amount of snow in an avalanche (21) ____________ (vary) based on many things, but it can be such a huge amount that it can bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow.Avalanches (22) ____________ be caused by natural things. For example, new snow or rain can cause built-up snow to loosen and fall down the side of a mountain. Artificial triggers (诱发因素) can also cause avalanches. For example, snowmobiles, skiers, and explosives (23) ____________ (know) to lead to avalanches.Avalanches usually occur during the winter and spring, (24) ____________ snowfall is greatest. As they are dangerous to any living beings in their path, avalanches have destroyed forests, roads, railroads and even entire towns.Warning signs exist that allow experts to predict — and often prevent — avalanches from (25) ____________ (occur). When over a foot of fresh snow falls, experts know to be on the lookout for avalanches. Explosives can be used in places (26) ____________ massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches that don’t pose a danger to persons or property.When deadly avalanches do occur, the moving snow can quickly reach over 80 miles per hour. Skiers caught in such avalanches can be buried under dozens of feet of snow. (27) ____________ it’s possible to dig out of such avalanches, not all are able to escap e.If you get tossed about by an avalanche and find yourself (28) ____________ (bury) under many feet of snow, you might not have a true sense of which way is up and which way is down. Some avalanche victims have tried to dig their way out, only to find that they were upside down and digging (29) ____________ farther under the snow rather than to the top!Experts suggest that people caught in an avalanche try to dig around you (30) ____________(create) a space for air, so you can breathe more easily. Then, do your best to figure out which way is up and dig in that direction to reach the surface and signal rescuers.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Founding Father of China’s Nuclear ProgramUnder the terms of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty(不扩散核武器条约), only five countries are considered to be “nuclear-weapon states.” China is one of them. This military achievement would have been __31__ without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian, a leading organizer of China’s nuclear weapon programs.Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Just nine days after graduation, the then 26-year-old returned to the newly-founded People’s Republic of China with __32__ physics knowledge. He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min.From1958 on, Deng spent over 20 years working __33__ with a team of young scientists on the development of China’s first atomic and hydrogen bombs. Originally, they were prepared to receive training by experts from the Soviet Union. Soon after, however, the Soviet government tore up its __34__ with China and removed all its experts. Deng had to lead the team of 28 members with an average age of 23 on a mission to __35__ the mysterious power of atomic physics.There was ridicule (嘲笑) following the __36__ of the Soviet experts that China wouldn’t be able to build an atomic bomb within 20 years. Den g said to his colleagues, “It is in the interest of the Chinese people to develop nuclear weapons. We must be willing to be unknown heroes for our lifetime. It is worth the risk of suffering, and it is worth our __37__ to this cause.”As the leader of Chi na’s atomic bomb design, Deng gave lessons himself and organized a team to translate and study the __38__ foreign language materials. In the meantime, he never stopped thinking about the direction of atomic bomb development.Following the successful test of the first atomic bomb in 1964, Deng joined the research group led by Yu Min. They immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb, which was __39__ in 1967. From the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb, China spent only two years and eight months on development .Deng passed away in 1986 because of cancer. In the last month of his life, the 28-year secretexperience of this great scientist was __40__, and his reputation began to spread throughout China. In 1999, along with 22 other scientis ts, he was awarded the special prize of “Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal” for his contribution to Chinese military science.III．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the Fake News Era, Building Trust with Consumers Is Crucial With consumers growing increasingly frustrated with online advertising and privacy concerns, how do you convince shoppers to buy your narrative (叙述), let alone your product?A recent report by TrustRadius, a software review company that connects buyers and vendors (供应商), may be able to shed some light. Among other interesting findings, it turns out that it may actually benefit brands to be painfully __41__ about their products.Consumer awareness of influencer marketing tactics (策略) is increasing. __42__, according to the report, most consumers trust online peer __43__ as much as recommendations from friends —and well above company advertising message. Feedback from everyday folks, it seems, actually carries more __44__ than a brand ambassador (大使) from an out-of-reach personality.Transparency (透明度) is crucial. The report found that there is a large trust __45__ between vendors and buyers. While vendors believe they are transparent, most buyers don’t appear to see it. During the sales process, for example, 85 percent of vendors __46__ to be open about their product’s limitations during the sales process —but only 36 percent of buyers share that same view. The reality is, consumers don’t expect any products to be __47__ — they just want to enter relationships with their eyes wide open so that they can __48__the options that are best for them. They also want brands to be more __49__. 66 percent of consumers say they will leave a company if they feel they are being treated like a number and not an individual.Along with the combination of fake news, advertising fraud, and data leaks, there have been fake reviews as well. Review sites have been __50__giving preferential(优惠的) treatment to paid advertisers, and consumers are increasingly discerning (有辨别力的), as a result. __51__, review sites are not our only source of peer reviews, with social media providing customer experiences on a second-to-second basis. When brands treat every __52__ with a customer as a potential review, they’ll start paying more attention to det ail, and being alert to delivering a valued and memorable experience every time. Taking feedback seriously also lets current customers feel valued and respected and makes your business seem more approachable. This helps secure __53__, and often, these customers will become brand ambassadors to their friends, family and people they meet online.The challenge for brands today is determining how to use the __54__ of the consumer to their advantage. In an age of cutting-edge technology, artificial intelligence, and self-service customercare, it’s odd to acknowledge that the best way to build trust with your customers is by holding an open __55__ with your customers. Being more human, transparent, and listening to what people are saying will see your company thrive in an era marked by consumer suspicion.41.A. nervous B. honest C. careful D. particular42.A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However43.A. reviews B. reactions C. experiences D. instructions44.A. weight B. risks C. warnings D. burdens45.A. relationship B. influence C. gap D. extension46.A. refuse B. hesitate C. desire D. claim47.A. advanced B. perfect C. remarkable D. unique48.A. consider B. offer C. select D. exercise49.A. efficient B. profitable C. human D. responsible50.A. associated with B. mistaken by C. praised as D. criticized for51.A. On the contrary B. In fact C. By contrast D. In a word52.A. cooperation B. complaint C. interaction D. appointment53.A. safety B. loyalty C. convenience D. employment54.A. money B. choice C. habit D. voice55.A. dialogue B. debate C. competition D. contractSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )As humanity has got richer, animals’ roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine(内燃机) made horses unneeded; modern sanitation(卫生设备) kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Petkeeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming.The trend is not a new one. Archaeologists (考古学家) have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people are buried together. Some cultures — such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions — have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature.The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food-waste-recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters’ tables. Pet-food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer fromsensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pet’s individual tastes.In the business this is called “pet humanisation”— the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to — in America — Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels.People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy-dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions. It has worked. The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets. Sentimental (多愁善感的) Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cat’s “mommy” or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat “butlers”. Watch an unlucky dog-walker trailing “his” hound (猎犬), plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess, and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?56. Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. People’s needs for animal services are decreasing.B. Both the pet number and the pet business are growing.C. Pets are increasingly making their owners less anxious.D. Pet foods are more various and customized than before.57. Which of the following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization”?A. The names given to pets in American families nowadays.B. Pets’ inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners.C. Human beings’ ever rising urge for pet-keeping.D. Pets’ roles as both working staff and companions.58. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?A. Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters.B. Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets.C. Pet-keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the world.D. Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets.59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Changing Roles of AnimalsB. The Urge for Pet-keepingC. Who Owns WhomD. Love Me, Love My Dog( B )Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depressi on. That’s not true. Many doctors believe that one thing that may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin —a chemical in your body. If this happens, you may have trouble sleeping. Feel unusually sad or irritable easily. Find it hard to concentrate. Lose your appetite. Lack energy. Or have trouble feeling pleasure. These are some of the symptoms that can point to depression — especially if they last for more than a couple of weeks and if normal, everyday life feels like too much to handle.To help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe (开处方) most often is Prozac. Prozac isn’t a “happy pill.” It’s not a tranquilizer (镇静剂). It won’t turn you into a different person.Some people do experience mild side effects, like upset stomach, headaches, difficulty sleeping, sleepiness, anxiety and nervousness. These tend to go away within a few weeks of starting treatment, and usually aren’t serious enough to make most people stop taking it. However, if you are concerned about a side effect, or if you develop a rash (皮疹), tell your doctor right away. And don’t forget to tell your doctor any other medicines you are taking. Some people should not take Prozac, especially people on MAO inhibitors (单胺抑制剂).As you start feeling better, your doctor can suggest therapy or other means to help you work through your depression. Prozac has been carefully studied for nearly 10 years. But remember, Prozac is a prescription medicine, and it isn’t right for everyone. Only your doctor can decide if Prozac is right for you — or for someone you love. Prozac has been prescribed for more than 17 million Americans. Chances are someone you know is feeling sunny again because of it.60.All the following are true EXCEPT __________.A. It is easy to get rid of depression through tremendous determination.B. Sleep disorder is characteristic of depression symptoms.C. Depression can be caused by a combination of factors.D. Depression is a psychological state taking the form of low mood.61.What can we learn about Prozac from this piece of information?A. Prozac is a newly-developed drug to treat depression.B. Patients who take Prozac can experience severe side effects.C. A medical prescription is necessary for Prozac.D. Over 17 million Americans have been cured by Prozac.62.This piece of information is most probably __________.A. an introduction to a scientific projectB. a part of prescription drug instructionsC. a part of a research report in a medical journalD. an advertisement of a medicine for depression( C )Learning a second language is tricky at any age (and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book). Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10.The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s“nearly impossible”for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. But that doesn’t seem to be because language skills go downhill. “It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children’s brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they’re better able to adapt and respond to new information. “All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.”Kids may also be more willing to try new things (and to potentially look foolish in the process) than adults are. Their comparatively new grasp on their native tongue may also be advantageous. Unlike adults, who tend to default (默认) to the rules and patterns of their first language, kids may be able to approach a new one with a blank slate (石板).These findings may seem discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than they previously thought. Some scientists believed that the brief window closes shortly after birth, while others stretched it only to early adolescence. Compared to those estimates, 17 or 18 — when language learning ability starts to drop off — seems relatively old.“People fared better when they learned by immersion(沉浸), rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult. If that’s not an option, you can mimic an immersive environment by finding ways to have conversations with native speakers in their own communities,” Hartshorne says. By doing so, it’s possible to become conversa tionally proficient —even without the advantage of a child’s brain.63. The word “plummet” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “__________”.A. plungeB. riseC. endD. vary64. What can be inferred from Joshua Hartshorne’s words?A. Age 10-18 is the best time to learn a second language.B. Children are too young to grasp a second language.C. Communicating with native speakers enables you to master all the language skills.D. Adults go beyond the critical period for learning a second language.65. What might be the reason why adults can’t reach native-level fluency in a second language?A. Adults are less influenced by their mother tongues.B. Adults are only too willing to experience something awkward in the process.C. Adults spend more time responding to new information.D. Adults prefer an immersive environment to a classroom in learning a second language .66. The passage is mainly about __________.A. the approaches to learning a second languageB. the best age to learn a second languageC. why kids learn a second language more easily than adultsD. whether adults can learn a second language like their younger selvesSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Search for a Human Face for RobotsLooking for a $130,000 payday? Geomiq, a British engineering and manufacturing firm is searching for a “kind and friendly” face to be the face of a robot once it goes into production. “This will entail (需要) the selected person’s face being reproduced on potentially thousands of versions of the robots worldwide,” Geomiq says in a blog post about the project.Robots have been at the forefront of technology for decades, and are widely considered the future of our technological advancement. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, according to some estimates, robots designed to keep the elderly company are becoming increasingly common.(67) __________________ They do things like responding to voice commands, offering proactive (积极主动的) notifications and advice and letting relatives monitor conditions at home. There is still a long way to go but new robotic products are coming into fruition all the time. Geomiq says the robot line has been in the works for five years and will result in a companion for seniors.The designer has noted in an interview with a select press pool that they can’t release too many details at this stage．(68) __________________The designer has also stressed that unsuccessful candidates will not be contacted. The company says the need for anonymity (匿名) is due to the secretive nature of the project. However, it believes the robot will soon be “readily available” to the publ ic and hopes the campaign will create extra buzz ahead of its eventual release.“We know that this is an extremely unique request, and signing over the licenses to your face is potentially an extremely big decision,” Geomiq said.(69) __________________ The designer has said that the project has been in development for five years, and in that time frame taken on investment from some independent venture capitals as well as a top fund based in Shanghai. The company says the robots’ purpose will be to act as a “virtual friend” for elderly people and is set to go into production next year.The blog post doesn’t share age or gender parameters (参数). (70) __________________ Candidates who make it to the next phase will get full details on the project. “The secrecy,”Geomiq says, “is due to a non-disclosure agreement it’s signed with the robot’s designer and investors.”IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do We Need Art in Our LivesNo one will be surprised to hear that the arts are under fire in this day and age. We view the arts as something of a hobby, something that’s fun but certainly can’t pay the rent. If it’s not a useful skill, no wonder arts funding is being cut in schools. Do we really need art in our lives?In schools, time and money is at a premium (稀有而珍贵), now more than ever. With teachers having to fit so many lessons into every day, it’s easy to see why art is dropping more and more by the wayside. Budgets are dropping at an alarming rate, and what school is going to drop teaching in essential subjects such as math or science when they can drop art instead?It seems as though the loss of art in daily life is a sad fact of life, but it doesn’t have to be. There are actually a lot of practical uses for art for many people. For example, art therapy has helped people with a range of illnesses, both mental and physical, cope with their symptoms. Art is found almost anywhere you look in your home. Practical items, such as bedspreads, furniture or clothing, are all art forms in themselves and arouse emotions in the people interacting with them.Art also gives us insight into the world. History tells us what happened and when it happened, but it can’t tell us how the population at large felt about it, which is where art steps in. We know a lot about how people in the past lived and worked, because their art has given us such a deep insight into their daily lives. We wouldn’t have that insight without it.Most of all, we need art in our lives as it gives us a form of self-expression. Being able to talk about our feelings is essential to staying healthy. You may not think you talk about your feelings, but you may express them in other ways. Some like to cook or bake, some like to work on machinery, and others may like to paint or draw. Whatever you like to do in your spare time, you’re probably creating art every day.So, do we need art in our lives? Many people would say no, but the art they’re thinking of is the art you see in galleries. Art is actually much more accessible and is truly needed in everyday。
【高三一模】2024届静安区高三英语一模
静安区2023 学年度第一学期期末教学质量调研高三英语试卷（满分140 分，完卷时间120 分钟）2023 年12 月考生注意：1. 完卷时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。
2. 本调研设试卷和答题纸两部分，全卷共10 页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gallery. B. At the barber’s.C. In a restaurant.D. At the tailor’s.2. A. Fellow workers. B. Family members.C. Doctor and patient.D. Driver and passenger.3. A. Choosing psychology. B. Choosing economics.C. Neither is a good choice.D. Choosing a major of interest.4. A. She did not feel sorry for being late for the appointment.B. She did not inform the man of her delay in advance.C. She wasn’t really caught in the traffic jam.D. She wasn’t always late for the appointment.5. A. It was lost and won’t be found.B. It was transferred to a different city.C. It was delivered to her hotel already.D. It was stolen during her trip.6. A. He has realized he still leaves much to be desired.B. He is angry with not getting the lead role in the play.C. He is confident about getting the lead role next time.D. He feels reluctant to take the new responsibilities.7. A. They told a lot of stories during the meeting.B. There is no need for them to argue so fiercely in public.C. Both perspectives should be considered before judging.D. They should have resolved their issues in private.8. A. She has already been to the café.B. She is not interested in going to the café.C. She knows about the café but hasn’t visited it.D. She wants to go to the café right away.9. A. She expects the man to help Brian move to a new house.B. She expects the man to take mum to Brain’s new house.C. She expects the man to celebrate mum’s birthday together.D. She expects the man to make a phone call to Mum.10. A. The fantastic and high-quality camera.B. The need for better internet connectivity.C. Their favorite photography techniques.D. The pros and cons of a new smartphone.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation , you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on thefollowing passage.11. A. Its regular driving practices and poor vehicles.B. Its lack of green spaces and air cleaners.C. Its excessive water pollution and rubbish.D. Its high air pollution and crowded roads.12. A.Establishing a high interest loan scheme.B. Removing outdated black and white taxis.C. Encouraging customers to create new ideas.D. Making advertisements on old vehicles.13. A. Because customers are more friendly and richer.B. Because all new cabs provide air-conditioning.C. Because all new cabs are equipped with meters.D. Because car manufacturers can earn extra money.Questions 14 through 16 are based on thefollowing passage.14. A. Canceling all the gifts.B. Applying a ‘one-gift ’rule.C. Giving children less time to play.D. Encouraging buying second-hand gifts.15. A. Buying a rare and expensive souvenir.B. Buying a hand-made craft product.C. Giving something that won’t cost money.D. Giving an experience of something new.16. A. The waste caused by Christmas gifts.B. The importance of buying gifts for children.C. The creative ideas of giving gifts to avoid waste.D. The negative effects of receiving too many gifts.Questions 17 through 20 are based on thefollowing conversation.17. A. By trading physical items.B. By exchanging artistic creativity.C. By hosting art exhibitions.D. By making artistic advertisements.18. A. Painting and writing.B. Graphic design and photography.C. Music and album cover design.D. Video editing and project management.19. A. Members can benefit without efforts.B. Members can make money by providing artistic services.C. Members can get copyrights of other artistic offerings.D. Members can have access to the creative exchange list.20. A. Competitive individualism.B. Artistic cooperation and inspiration.C. Individual fame in the art field.D. Material collaboration and exchange.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Japan’s robot revolution in senior careJapan’s artificial intelligence expertise is transforming the elder care industry, with __21__ (specialize) robotic care accomplishing more than just taking pressure off the critical shortage of caregivers. Senior care facilities across Japan are testing out such new robots __22__ deliver a collection of social and physical health care and the government-backed initiative has been met with positive reviews by elderly residents.The rapidly graying population __23__ (eye) by the government as a potential market for medical technology now. Disappointing government predictions show that by 2025, Japan’s first baby boomers will have turned 75 and about 7 million people are likely to suffer from some form of dementia （痴呆）. The nation won’t be able to avoid a dementia crisis __24__ an additional 380,000 senior care workers.The long-standing shortage of professional care workers has encouraged the Japanese government __25__ (simplify) procedures for foreign caregivers to be trained and certified. The current Technical Intern Training Program between Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia, under __26__ Economic Partnership Agreement, was extended to include nursing care as well as agriculture, fishery, and construction sectors.__27__ the government made efforts to increase the numbers of senior care workers, the target number offoreign graduates has still fallen flat, with the national caregiver examination proving a major obstacle to pass. The success rate for foreign students was a merely 106 students last year, __28__ has slightly improved to 216 students this year. Another depressing reality is that 19 to 38 percent of foreign nurses who pass the exam opt to leave the industry and return home, __29__ (cite) tough work conditions and long hours. Given the challenges, this is __30__ the government believes care robots will be able to step in.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Sea-level rise predictionsA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus, a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences, spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska’s southeastern __31__ near Disenchantment Bay. The glacier is unique because, unlike other glaciers, it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined , __32__ , as one that starts flowing at least 10 times faster than normal. But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood, although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the __33__ of glacial surging.During Turner’s surges, the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly 3 feet a day to 65 feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea-level rise, and current climate change models don’t __34__ account for these movements. For example, Gree nland’s glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise. Since the early 2000s, Greenland __35__ from not having any effect on world sea levels, to increasing sea level by about 1 millimeter per year. Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures, which leads to more ice melting. The other half, however, is because glaciers in Greenland are, as a whole, moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier. Glaciers are full of holes, and water runs through those holes. When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier, it starts to move, partly because it’s lifting the mass of ice and rock off the ground and partly because it’s __36__ the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier, and how does the movement __37__ the glacier’s speed? Those are the questions the scientists hope to answer.Bartholomaus, some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University, __38__ onto the ice in August. They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters. They placed roughly 30instruments, burying them deeply into the glacier and __39__them on rock outcroppings （露岩）alongside the glacier. This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries. Those instruments will __40__ on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops, providing researchers with before and after data.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Investors probably expect that following the suggestions of stock analysts would make them better off than doing the exact opposite. __41__, recent research by Nicola Gennaioli and his colleagues shows that the best way to gain excess returns would be to invest in the shares least favored by analysts. They compute that, during the last 35 years, investing in the 10 percent of U.S. stocks analysts were most __42__ about would have yielded on average 3 percent a year. __43__, investing in the 10 percent of stocks analysts were most pessimistic about would have yielded a surprising 15 percent a year.Gennaioli and colleagues shed light on this __44__ with the help of cognitive sciences and, in particular, using Kahneman and Tversky’s concept of representativeness. Decision makers, according to this view, __45__ the representative features of a group or a phenomenon. These are defined as the features that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group.After observing strong earnings growth —the explanation goes —analysts think that the firm may be the next Google. “Googles”are in fact more frequent among firms experiencing strong growth, which makes them __46__. The problem is that “Googles”are very __47__ in absolute terms. As a result, expectations become too optimistic, and future performance __48__. A model of stock prices in which investor beliefs follow this logic can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the beliefs of analysts and the dynamics（动态变化）of stock returns.In related work, the authors also show that the same model can __49__ booms and busts in the volume of credit and interest rate spreads.These works are part of a research project aimed at taking insights from cognitive sciences and at __50__ them into economic models. Kahneman and Tversky’s concept of “representativeness”lies at the heart of this effort. “In a classical example, we __51__ to think of Irishmen as redheads because red hair is much more frequent among Irishmen than among the rest of the world,” Prof. Gennaioli says. “However, only 10 percent of Irishmen are redheads. In our work, we develop models of belief formation that show this logic and study the __52__ of this important psychological force in different fields.”Representativeness helps describe __53__ and behavior in different fields, not only in financial markets. One such field is the formation of stereotypes about social groups. In a recent experimental paper, Gennaioli and colleagues show that representativeness can explain self-confidence, and in particular the __54__ of women to compete in traditionally male subjects, such as mathematics. A slight prevalence of __55__ male math ability in the data is enough to make math ability un-representative for women, driving their under confidence in this particular subject.41. A. Consequently B. Furthermore C. Nevertheless D. Meanwhile42. A. curious B. controversial C. concerned D. optimistic43. A. In brief B. By contrast C. In addition D. Without doubt44. A. engagement B. concentration C. puzzle D. definition45. A. memorize B. prioritize C. modernize D. fertilize46. A. representative B. argumentative C. executive D. sensitive47. A. harsh B. adaptable C. crucial D. rare48. A. cheers B. disappoints C. stabilizes D. improves49. A. account for B. count on C. suffer from D. hold up50. A. pouring B. admitting C. integrating D. tempting51. A. pretend B. afford C. offer D. tend52. A. effects B. delights C. intervals D. codes53. A. companions B. scales C. expectations D. findings54. A. necessity55. A. equivalent B. involvementB. exceptionalC. perseveranceC. mysteriousD. reluctanceD. distressingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Montessori was born in Italy in 1870 with progressive parents, who frequently communicated with the country’s leading thinkers and scholars. This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time.Her mother’s support was vital for some important decisions, such as her enrolment in a technical school after her elementary education. Her parents ’ support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine, a field that was dominated by men.Soon after graduating, in 1896, Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome, where she cared for children with learning difficulties. The rooms were bare, with just a few pieces of furniture. One day, she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs （面包屑）that had dropped on the floor. It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty. With the right learning materials, these and other young minds could be nurtured, Montessori concluded.The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses. In addition, each child should also be allowed to move and act freely, and use their creativity and problem-solving skills. Teachers took the role of guides, supporting the children without press or control.Montessori opened her first Children’s House in 1907. When the Fascists（法西斯主义者）first came into power in Italy in 1922, they initially embraced her movement. But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children’s freedom of expression. Montessori’s values had always been about human respect, and the rights of children and women, but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame.Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools ’ educational content, and in 1934 Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy. She didn’t return to her homeland until 1947, and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in 1952, at the age of 81.56. The primary reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method was .A. her family’s supportive influence on her educationB. her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinicC. her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happilyD. her decision to study medicine, a field dominated by men57. What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method as described in the passage?A. Providing standardized, one-size-fits-all learning materials.B. Encouraging strict discipline and control over children’s actions.C. Focusing on rote memorization and competition.D. Creating a free and children-centered learning environment.58. Montessori decided to leave Italy in 1934 because .A. she wanted to explore other countries and culturesB. she wanted to avoid the Fascist’s influence on her workC. she was offered a better job in a different countryD. she wanted to retire and enjoy a peaceful life in another country59. Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage?A. Observant and innovative.B. Traditional and emotional.C. Progressive and dependent.D. Open-minded and indifferent.(B)Reducing the workweek to four days could have a climate benefit. In addition to improving the well-being of workers, cutting working hours may reduce carbon emissions. But those benefits would depend on a number of factors, experts emphasize, including how people choose to spend nonworking time.Commuting and travelTransportation is the biggest contributor to greenhouse emissions. A November 2021 survey of 2,000 employees and 500 business leaders in the United Kingdom found that if all organizations introduced a four-day week, the reduced trips to work would decrease travel overall by more than 691 million miles a week.But the climate benefits of less commuting could be eliminated, experts said, if people choose to spend their extra time off traveling, particularly if they do so by car or plane.Energy usageShorter working hours could lead to reductions in energy usage, experts said. According to a 2006 paper, if the United States adopted European work standards, the country would consume about 20 percent less energy.Energy could also be conserved if fewer resources are needed to heat and cool large office buildings, reducing demands on electricity. For example, if an entire workplace shuts down on the fifth day, that would help lower consumption — less so if the office stays open to accommodate employees taking different days off.Lifestyle changesIt’s possible that fewer working hours may lead some people to have a larger carbon footprint, but experts say research suggests that most people are likely to shift toward more sustainable lifestyles.One theory is that people who work more and have less free time tend to do things in more carbon-intensive ways, such as choosing faster modes of transportation or buying prepared foods. Convenience is often carbon-intensive and people tend to choose convenience when they’re time-stressed. Meanwhile, some research suggests that those who work less are more likely to engage in traditionally low-carbon activities, such as spending time with family or sleeping.“When we talk about the four-day workweek and the environment, we focus on the tangible, but actually, in a way, the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible,” experts said.60. What is identified as the leading cause of greenhouse emissions according to the passage?A. The well-being of employees.B. The conservation of energy.C. Commuting and travel.D. The European work standard.61. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence “the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible” inthe last paragraph?A. People will have big potential in achieving intangible benefits while working.B. People are more likely to engage in carbon-intensive activities due to time constraints.C. People may shift toward more sustainable lifestyles and lower carbon footprints.D. People may travel more frequently by car or plane during their extra time off.62. The passage is mainly written to .A. highlight the importance of shortening working time in the context of well-beingB. provide an overview of transportation emissions worldwideC. analyze the impact of reduced working hours on mode of businessD. illustrate factors affecting the climate benefits of a shorter workweek(C)The cultivation of plants by ants is more widespread than previously realized, and has evolved on at least 15 separate occasions.There are more than 200 species of ant in the Americas that farm fungi（真菌）for food, but this trait evolved just once sometime between 45 million and 65 million years ago. Biologists regard the cultivation of fungi by ants as true agriculture appearing earlier than human agriculture because it meets four criteria: the ants plant the fungus, care for it, harvest it and depend on it for food.By contrast, while thousands of ant species are known to have a wide variety of interdependent relationships with plants, none were regarded as true agriculture. But in 2016, Guillaume Chomicki and Susanne Renner at the University of Munich, Germany, discovered that an ant in Fungi cultivates several plants in a way that meets the four criteria for true agriculture.The ants collect the seeds of the plants and place them in cracks in the bark of trees. As the plants grow, they form hollow structures called domatia that the ants nest in. The ants defecate （排便）at designated absorptive places in these domatia, providing nutrients for the plant. In return, as well as shelter, the plant provides food in the form of fruit juice.This discovery prompted Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships to see if there are other examples of plant cultivation that have been overlooked. “They have never really been looked at in the framework of agriculture,” says Chomicki, who is now at the University of Sheffield in the UK. “It’s definitely widespread.”The team identified 37 examples of tree-living ants that cultivate plants that grow on trees, known as epiphytes（附生植物）.By looking at the family trees of the ant species, the team was able to determine on how many occasions plant cultivation evolved and roughly when. Fifteen is a conservative estimate, says Campbell. All the systems evolved relatively recently, around 1 million to 3 million years ago, she says.Whether the 37 examples of plant cultivation identified by the team count as true agriculture depends on the definitions used. Not all of the species get food from the plants, but they do rely on them for shelter, which is crucial for ants living in trees, says Campbell. So the team thinks the definition of true agriculture should include shelter as well as food.63. According to biologists, why is ant-fungus cultivation considered as a form of true agriculture?A. Because it occurred earlier than human agriculture.B. Because it fulfills the standards typical of agricultural practices.C. Because it redefines the four criteria for true human agriculture.D. Because it is less common than previously thought.64. What motivated Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships?A. They determined on new family trees of the ant species.B. They overlooked some tree-living ants that provided nutrients for the plants.C. They never studied the ant-plant relationships within the context of agriculture.D. They never identified any ant species that engaged in cultivation of fungi.65. Which of the following statements is supported by the team’s findings according to the passage?A. Ants ’ cultivation of plants is limited to a few specific species.B. The cultivation of fungi by ants is considered the earliest form of agriculture.C. True agriculture in ants involves only food-related interactions with plants.D. Ants have independently cultivated plants on at least 15 distinct occasions.66. What is the passage mainly about?A. The evolution of ants in the plant kingdom.B. The widespread occurrence of ant-plant cultivation.C. The discovery of a new ant species engaging in agriculture.D. The contrast between ant agriculture and human agriculture.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you? Would it be a good thing? And if you did have one, would you want to meet them?Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you. Your passport, ID card and driving licence all feature your face. __67__ You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.The word ‘doppelgänger’ refers to a person who looks the same as you, essentially sharing your features; those that you thought were unique to you and your identity. Not identical twins, as a doppelgänger has no relation to you. The idea originated in German folklore. __68__So, let’s get real. What are the chances of you having one in the first place? There’s said to be a one in 135 chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world, so the chances are pretty low, despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise. And the chances of meeting? The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.That said, these statistics may be a good thing. Historically, having a double wasn’t always a positive. Back in 1999, an innocent American man, indistinguishable from the real criminal, was sent to prison for robbery, where he stayed for 19 years. __69__ In a different case, a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelgänger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!__70__ The fascination with doppelgängers may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meant they were from the same family or had a common ancestor. It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike, creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting. However, as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing, we understand that after such an experience, you might not want to meet your doppelgänger again.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Competitive CheerleadingOver the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitivecheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders ’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling （翻腾运动）ability.It’s a very common thing for gymnasts,so it’s easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance. Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women.Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 如果不好好准备，周五的演讲可能会变得一塌糊涂。
上海市静安区2021-2022学年高三上学期高考一模英语试题 带答案与听力音频
静安区 2021 学年第一学期教学质量检测高三年级英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. The campus will be cleaned for the festival.B.The festival is to be definitely held.C.It’s difficult to decide the theme of the festival.D.It’s against the principle’s will to hold the festival.2. A. Try to find a show that doesn’t accept reservations.B.Wait to buy the ticket when someone cancels the reservation.C.Go with people who have extra tickets.D.Pay more money to buy the ticket from someone else.3. A. To the airport. B. To a painting shop.C. To the garage.D. To the hospital.4. A. The man is afraid that the coat color is not cool enough.B.The man hasn’t received the coat he bought the other day.C.The man has worn the coat during the previous season.D.It’s not suitable to wear the coat in the warm weather.5. A. Sort the notes out for Mr. Anderson.B.Borrow the notebook from Mr. Anderson.C.Wait for Mr. Anderson’s notes.D.Note down key points on the textbook.6. A. She is not likely to use the running machine often.B.The exercise bike is more useful than running machine.C.Her second choice is an exercise bike.D.There’s not enough space for the running machine.7. A. A book writer. B. A shop assistant. C. A librarian. D. A tour guide.8. A. David is the strongest in his class.B.The current class is not suitable for David.C.Some old sayings mislead.D.David will finally catch up in physics.9. A. The woman shouldn’t buy a private computer.B.The woman should get a good deal for the new computer.C.The library computer is rarely used.D.The man will lend his computer to the woman.10. A. She has become a professional chef.B.Her parents didn’t agree with her on becoming a chef.C.She doesn’t have interest in becoming a chef now.D.She threw things around when learning cooking.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. It can only be washed in the dishwasher.B.It has some smell of coffee.C.It is made of a mixture of coffee grounds and sugar.D.It is first used to contain fertilizer.12.A. How to prevent sugar from dissolving.B.How to have the coffee grounds recycled fully.C.How to collect large quantities of coffee grounds.D.How to use coffee grounds to produce the solid material.13.A. It is successful because of advertisements.B.It is well-received by the public.C.It is oversupplied on the market.D.It’s more popular among individuals than cafes.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. The city is not commercially busy.B.There are too many temporary residents.C.Few services are offered during off seasons.D.The winter is too cold for them.15. A. Spend a week in the destination.B.Find a “snowbird” destination.C.Remain in the city where he currently lives.D.Research the destination for roughly a full year.16. A. Safety of the destination.B.Tax system of the destination.C.Healthcare system of the destination.D.The support to get as one ages.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. To see how fast the test taker can scan the book.B.To see how well the test taker finds and processes the information.C.To see how well the test taker can handle pressure.D.To see whether the test taker can find a particular statement to summarize a topic.18.A. To find the connection between different information.B.To evaluate the importance of the open book test.C.To adequately manage test time.D.To read the whole chapter for one question.19.A. To recite some key information.B.To design easy removable tags.C.To compare different ideas.D.To get the permission to make marks.20.A. People’s attitude toward geography tests.B.The features and preparations of open book tests.C.The differences between open book and closed book tests.D.The measures to handle pressures from tests.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Rereading is a guilty pleasure for many readers. How can a keen reader abandon his to-be- read list and waste time with a book he already knows? At the same time, according to many experts, the act of rereading (21) (regard), without doubt, as the only way to truly understand a text.Academics most often discuss the benefit of rereading as a way to gain deep understandings ofA. confusedB. adaptable F imitated G. attachedC. floatingD. decayingE. attemptsH. signs I. samples J. relatively K. steadycomplex texts and of the self. Teachers of early reading-age children agree that rereading improvesunderstanding beyond basic words. For adults, rereading is necessary to understanding a text well so that good critical arguments (22) be made.Rereading helps to build a better understanding of a book. (23) rereading, many readers find it impossible to appreciate a writer’s subtle talents or to comprehend a text’s inner ideas and themes.Rereading is also an act of self-reflection. The practice of purposeful rereading in (24) creates a kind of self-consciousness. Since the book never changes, it functions as a constant(恒量) (25) can be used to measure the reader’s growth.It is a way to re-examine the reader himself and the changes he (26) (undergo) since the initial reading.Of course, there are possible drawbacks to rereading as well. Rereading takes time, (27) (draw) the readers away from their to-be-read list. And it’s hard to imagine (28) frustrating it can be if a beloved book falls short of your rosy memories in rereading.According to David Galef，emotions like pleasure, excitement, and curiosity cause the reader to rush through a story and pass over the inner complexity (29) (appreciate) in re-readings, and yet they are also important elements that may be dulled by those repeated readings. Furthermore, (30) your rereading is focused and intentional about gaining new thoughts, itmay not result in improved understanding.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be usedonce. Note that there is one word more than you need.Though it is not unusual to find marine animals under the Antarctica seafloor, researchers had always assumed that there would be few 31 of life farther away from open water and sunlight. However, the discovery of filter-feeding（滤食的）organisms — 160 miles away from the open ocean, with temperatures of −2.2°C and under complete darkness — suggests that life in the world's harshest environment may be more 32 than previously thought.In 2017, BAS geologist James Smith and his colleagues conducted a three-month expedition to the middle of Antarctica's Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, to collect 33 of the seafloor deposits. The team drilled through the half-mile of ice by pumping almost 20,000 liters of hot water through a pipe. After about 20 hours of painstaking work, they were finally able to reach the seabed underneath.However, when the scientists lowered the instrument, along with a camera, to collect the soil,it came up empty. After multiple failed 34 —each round trip taking about an hour —the researchers took a closer look at the footage and noticed a massive stone sitting amid the 35 flat seabed. Even more surprisingly, the rock was covered with stationary animals, like sponges(海绵) and potentially unknown species.The finding has 36 many scientists given that certain organisms, such as sponges and coral polyps（珊瑚虫）,which live their entire lives 37 to rocks, or other hard surfaces, need food supplies.In the open water, the "marine snow," as the food is called, comes from 38 organic matter, which drifts down from the upper waters to the deep ocean. However, the species in such depth are too far from the open sea to receive 39 supplies of nutrients. To make matters worse, due to the area's strong ocean currents, the food has to travel anywhere from 370 to 930 miles to get to them.“This is by far the furthest under an ice shelf that we’ve seen any of these filter-feeding animals,”said Smith. “These things are stuck on a rock and only get fed if something comes 40 along." III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Most of us have no difficulty recognizing luck when it’s on apparent display, as when someone wins the lottery. But 41 often plays out in de licate ways and it’s easy to construct narratives that portray success as out of everything but luck. These misleading stories have surprising implications for human mindset, downplaying the power of chances.Consider the history of the Mona Lisa. After having stayed in the 42 for most of its early existence, the painting was pushed into the spotlight in 1911 when it was stolen from Louvre. The famous theft remained 43 for two years until a maintenance worker was arrested after trying to sell the painting. His arrest caused a second wave of 44 , with the painting on everyone’s lips. As in the art world, it is so too in the world of work. Almost every career path consists of a sequence of steps, each of which depends on former ones. Inevitably, some of those 45 steps can be influenced by chance factors, which, as a result, are sure to affect the following process. So it is reasonable to conclude that 46 all successful careers involve at least a certain degree of luck.One’s da te of birth 47 , for example. According to a study, most children born in the summer tend to be among the youngest members of their class, which explains why they are less likely to hold 48 positions during high school and thus, less likely to land good jobs later in life.To acknowledge the power of chance events is not to suggest that success is independent of49 . Charlie Munger has said, “The safest way to get what you want is to 50 what you want.”Of course, luck counts too. Being born in a good education system is a kind of luck we can control — that is, at least we can decide how lucky our children will be. But in America, we’ve been doing a bad job as the budget for education has 51 . The human tendency to 52 luck’s role has caused this troubling state by unwillingness to invest in education, the strong system of which can produce 53 for the next generation.Luckily, there is a solution. Guiding people to 54 their good fortune tends to make them more willing to contribute to the 55 , according to a study. So try to engage your successful friends in reviews about their experiences with luck. In the process, the next generation’s odds of success may well increase and meanwhile, all the social members are more likely to enjoy the improved public service.41. A randomness B. potential C. masterpiece D. success42. A. emergency B. maintenance C. review D. shade43. A. accidental B. unsolved C. official D. objective44. A, protest B. suspicion C. publicity D. investigation45. A. previous B. negative C. realistic D. entire46. A. virtually B. sustainably C. adequately D. negatively47. A. occurs B. contracts C. matters D. approaches48. A. accessible B. original C. superior D. secure49. A. effort B. logic C. relationship D. investment50. A. deserve B. evaluate C. modify D. exploit51.A. shone B. shrunk C. ballooned D. flown52. A. preserve B. popularize C. underestimate D. revolutionize53. A. challenge B. luck C. motivation D. experience54. A. reflect on B. save on C. adjust to D. live on55.A. mutual understanding B. mental fitnessC. family valueD. common goodSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A line of men tugged on ropes and dropped from the ship into the sea, with a group of Saibs prepared to pull them later from the sea bottom. Nasser, one of the divers, climbed over the railingof the ship and his Saib emptied his basket full of shells onto the deck.“G et me something to fill my stomach with, boy.”I knew he was teasing as he is my father’s good friend.“But I’m no longer an errand boy.I’m a diver, like my father was.”“Your father was bald and deaf, like the rest of us,” Nasser laughed.The salty Arabian Gulf produced the finest pearls in the world while the salty water also made divers lose their hair. Let alone the high pressure which cost them their hearing. I had shaved my head, in which way I felt more like a real diver. Of course, there’s no need for me to worry about the hair problem.“I’ve dived the shallow seas before, and I can hold my breath for a whole minute.”“Just pull your rope before you feel breathless.”He then disappeared into the water again.I tied a heavy stone to my foot with a rope. Taking one more deep breath, I plugged my nose and jumped. With the stone finally hitting the seabed with a thump, I freed my foot from the rope.I scratched at the rocky ridge(脊), when three oysters dropped into my hands. I even didn’t have enough time to feel surprised at how easy the job was before I felt breathless.Out of horror, I dragged the rope. Knowing that, far above, the Saib’s strong arms strained to pull me toward the surface, I reminded myself to endure for a little more time. Just when I thought my lungs would burst, my ears popped and there was light.Nasser burst through the water. He removed his nose plug and grinned at me looking at the three pitiful shells on the deck. “Not bad for an errand boy.” Seeing me upset with my head down, he patted me “It’s your first for such a depth. You did better than all of us.” Cheering up, I wrapped the empty basket around my neck and raised my chin, “I’m a pearl diver.”56.According to Nasser, what did an errand boy usually do?A.Pull divers from the sea.B.Empty baskets for divers.C Serve snacks for divers.D. Dive for shells.57.Why did the author have his hair cut?A.Because he tried to avoid losing hair.B.Because all divers had shaved hair.C.Because high pressure made him bald.D.Because he wanted to look professional.58.Why did the author get little harvest?A.Because there were not many pearls in the area.B.Because he still lacked experience in the job.C.Because the Saib pulled him up too early without permission.D.Because the rocky ridge was too rough.(B)These summer festivals in New Orleans are few of the hottest happenings the City has to offer for holiday seekers.Oyster(牡蛎) FestivalThere’s an old saying that it’s only safe to eat oysters in months ending in 'R', which was good advice in the age before refrigeration became a fashion. And that’s exactly why originally the New Orleans Oyster Festival was held in June, to break up the myth as locals never bothered to preserve the creatures with their habit of directly eating the seafood, fresh from the sea. Today, featuring oysters harvested from the Gulf of Mexico, Oyster Fest is a celebration of the world’s favorite food. If you’ve ever wanted to enjoy the legendary oysters at Drago’s where the recipe originated or take a bite out of an oyster the size of a hamburger, Oyster Fest is for you.When to Go: June 3-4Essence FestivalNew Orleans holds a special place in African-American life and history, so it should be no surprise the city hosts a festival celebrating African-American music and culture in the United States. With free admission, Essence Festival, organized by the African-American women’s magazine of the same name, is a combination of four days of dynamic speeches and a showcase of African- American artists.When to Go: June 29-July 2,Cajun-Zydeco FestivalSouthern Louisiana is home to a variety of rich, unique cultures, and on a weekend in June in New Orleans, one of them—Cajun—is on full display. The heart of Cajun country is in south-central Louisiana, a strong showcase of Cajun culture, for which the Cajun-Zydeco Festival emerged. On the particular weekend, you get ready to chew down on traditional food like Cajun gumbo at eateries, buy Cajun crafts, and purchase a Cajun T-shirt.When to Go: June 24-25Running of the BullsDue to its history, the Spanish influence still shows itself in New Orleans. The architectural style of the French Quarter is actually from Spain, and New Orleans’s annual Running of the Bulls is, in part, a nod to the city’s Spanish heritage. Unlike the Spanish festival in Pamplona, the “bulls” in the Fest are not actual bulls but the women of the Big Roller derby team. However they do chasedown white-and-red-clothed festival-goers, if infuriated. Therefore behave yourself or be prepared to run for life.When to Go: July 7-9,59.Why was New Orleans Oyster Festival held in June in the first place?A.Because refrigerator could be used to store oysters.B.Because it was not easy for oysters to go bad in summer.C.Because oysters could be cooked in various ways to extend storage period.D.Because New Orleans oysters were usually served raw.60.The underlined word “infuriated” is closest in meaning to .A. exhibitedB. color-blindedC. angeredD. cheated61.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Oyster Festival nowadays is designed for people seeking the history of oyster harvest.B.Essence Festival celebrates the freedom of African-American women.C.Cajun-Zydeco Festival is mainly celebrated through dining and shopping.D.New Orleans has been stripped of Spanish influence.62.In which magazine does the passage most probably appear?A.Vacation Guide.B. Genuine Recipe.C. Architecture Vision.D. Music Billboard.(C)You may be familiar with the statistic that 90% of the world’s data were created in the last few years. The biggest setback with such a rate of information increase is that the present moment will always emerge far larger than the past. Short-sightedness is built into the structure, in the form of an overwhelming tendency to over-estimate near-term messages at the expense of history.To understand why this matters, consider the findings from social science about ‘recency bias(倾向)’, which describes the tendency to assume that future events will closely resemble recent experience. People tend to base thinking disproportionately on whatever comes most easily to mind.It’s also worth remembering that novelty tends to be a dominant consideration when deciding what data to keep or delete. Out with the old and in with the new. That’s the digital trend in a world where search algorithms( 算法) are systematically biased towards freshness. They are designed in line with human preference. Such a bias towards the present is structurally rooted in the human weakness that we keep deserting things we once cherished simply because we grow tired of them.What’s really needed is something thought of as “intelligent forgetting”: learning to let go of the immediate past in order to keep its larger continuities in view. It’s an act similar to organising aphotograph album – although with more maths. When are two million photographs less valuable than two thousand?Many data sets are irreducible and most precious when complete: gene sequences; demographic(人口的) data; the raw, hard knowledge of geography and physics. The softer the science, however, the more likely that scale is reversely connected with quality. In these cases, time itself is rather important as a touch stone to judge the value of data. Either we choose carefully what endures, matters and meaningfully captures our past – or its foot print is silently replaced by the present’s growing noise. Mere gathering is no cure-all answer. In an era of bigger and bigger data, the leading warning for those who have to make decisions is that what you choose not to know matters just as much as what you do.63.What is the major problem with the explosion of recent information?A.Trends are too quickly produced.B.People have poor eyesight after viewing too much information.C.Present information is given too much emphasis.D.Prediction for future developments largely depends on the past information.64, What causes widespread preference for newness?A.That algorithms require the latest information to make accurate prediction.B.That humans are accustomed to losing interest in old things.C.That short renewed period is the feature of modern data.D.That search algorithms keep uncovering the value of the newness.65.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Recent experience is rarely used to provide reference for future events.B.The quality of geographic knowledge depends on photo sorting rather than full data.C.Intelligent forgetting refers to replacing the immediate past with far-back data.D.Time helps us to evaluate data when the quality isn’t in line with quantity.66.What is the passage mainly about?A.The side effects of digital innovation.B.The values of complete data in softer subjects.C.The data discrimination caused by algorithms.D.The faulty preference for fresh data and ways out.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.And one could come up with any number of theories for why the current tea making and drinkinghabits are inevitable.B.Though regarded as a form of simple act, tea making can vary widely between cultures.C.The tea is, above all, credited with the ability to represent different individual personalities.D.Food choices are driven by one’s environment – the context.E.Tea making is the perfect replacement activity.F.Even one spoonful is a bit suspicious unless other details clearly show otherwise.Tea has become rooted in the British way of life, from the humble tea break to the afternoon tea to be enjoyed–in a jacket and tie, of course. 67 Boiling water to make tea, for instance, makes it less likely to give you a stomach bug.But what are the secrets or even cruel realities behind the taste of this beloved beverage? Anthropologist Kate Fox writes in her book Watching the English that there are several clear messages sent whenever a Brit makes a cup.She observes that the strongest brews of black tea – with the largest doses of flavour factors –are typically drunk by the working class. The flavour gets progressively weaker as one goes up the social ladder.Milk and sweetener have their own codes. According to her, taking sugar in your tea in Britain is regarded by many as a definite lower-class indicator. 68 Other implications involve when and how milk is added, if any. Making a point of drinking smoky Lapsang Souchong(正山小种红茶) with no sugar or milk can be a sign of class anxiety in the middle class, Fox suggests. It’s as far as possible as one can get from sweet, strong, milky cups of the no- nonsense ‘builder’s tea’.A food scientist pointed out something that seems to apply here. 69 You like what you like not necessarily because of the taste of it, though obviously one can develop a taste for almost anything. A food or drink’s real importance in your life may be because of everything that surroundsit – the culture of it.Fox also observes that, alongside its chemical properties, tea is a social space-filler. Many meaningless moments can be occupied by tea and its related events. 70 Whenever the English feel awkward or uncomfortable in a social situation, they cook tea.IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.You still need a better reason to plant a tree?Police aren’t cheap and neither are lawyers, judges, and all the other layers that make up the justice system. But trees and some grass, in comparison, are a real bargain, and they prove to beeffective in fighting crimes.Many cities used to launch programs to plant vegetation along roadways to help absorbrainwater. After tracking 14 types of crime in nearby areas, Michelle Kondo, a social scientist foundthat a variety of crimes including property crimes such as theft and burglary, and violent crimes such as armed fights and mayhem in those areas decreased to 27 percent, a stunning 18 percent fall. Kondo believed the appearance of city trucks and vans in the landscaped areas — for planting and maintenance — was enough to scare away potential criminals.Kondo's study also worked on the link between grassland care and decrease of the crime in downtown areas. It's tempting to use income as the connection. After all, if you have the time and money to water your lawn, you probably live in a neighborhood that sees less crime. But actually, peo ple are less likely to hang in those areas where the streets are maintained or cleaned. “You will see less kids hanging on the corners,” Kondo said.He argued that caution of the local people implied by the organized greenery helped to frighten away ill-intentioned guys, by announcing to would-be criminals that there are "eyes on the street" that care for their neighborhood and would be more likely to report a crime.We already know greenery is beautiful to look at and can help improve mood and health while reducing pollution. Now we can add crime-fighting to the list of vegetation's many benefits.Therefore, are you ready to plant a tree?第II 卷（共40 分）V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.为防止病人走错，墙上贴了箭头。
【高三一模】2024届静安区高三英语一模
静安区2023 学年度第一学期期末教学质量调研高三英语试卷（满分140 分，完卷时间120 分钟）2023 年12 月考生注意：1. 完卷时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。
2. 本调研设试卷和答题纸两部分，全卷共10 页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a gallery. B. At the barber’s.C. In a restaurant.D. At the tailor’s.2. A. Fellow workers. B. Family members.C. Doctor and patient.D. Driver and passenger.3. A. Choosing psychology. B. Choosing economics.C. Neither is a good choice.D. Choosing a major of interest.4. A. She did not feel sorry for being late for the appointment.B. She did not inform the man of her delay in advance.C. She wasn’t really caught in the traffic jam.D. She wasn’t always late for the appointment.5. A. It was lost and won’t be found.B. It was transferred to a different city.C. It was delivered to her hotel already.D. It was stolen during her trip.6. A. He has realized he still leaves much to be desired.B. He is angry with not getting the lead role in the play.C. He is confident about getting the lead role next time.D. He feels reluctant to take the new responsibilities.7. A. They told a lot of stories during the meeting.B. There is no need for them to argue so fiercely in public.C. Both perspectives should be considered before judging.D. They should have resolved their issues in private.8. A. She has already been to the café.B. She is not interested in going to the café.C. She knows about the café but hasn’t visited it.D. She wants to go to the café right away.9. A. She expects the man to help Brian move to a new house.B. She expects the man to take mum to Brain’s new house.C. She expects the man to celebrate mum’s birthday together.D. She expects the man to make a phone call to Mum.10. A. The fantastic and high-quality camera.B. The need for better internet connectivity.C. Their favorite photography techniques.D. The pros and cons of a new smartphone.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation , you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on thefollowing passage.11. A. Its regular driving practices and poor vehicles.B. Its lack of green spaces and air cleaners.C. Its excessive water pollution and rubbish.D. Its high air pollution and crowded roads.12. A.Establishing a high interest loan scheme.B. Removing outdated black and white taxis.C. Encouraging customers to create new ideas.D. Making advertisements on old vehicles.13. A. Because customers are more friendly and richer.B. Because all new cabs provide air-conditioning.C. Because all new cabs are equipped with meters.D. Because car manufacturers can earn extra money.Questions 14 through 16 are based on thefollowing passage.14. A. Canceling all the gifts.B. Applying a ‘one-gift ’rule.C. Giving children less time to play.D. Encouraging buying second-hand gifts.15. A. Buying a rare and expensive souvenir.B. Buying a hand-made craft product.C. Giving something that won’t cost money.D. Giving an experience of something new.16. A. The waste caused by Christmas gifts.B. The importance of buying gifts for children.C. The creative ideas of giving gifts to avoid waste.D. The negative effects of receiving too many gifts.Questions 17 through 20 are based on thefollowing conversation.17. A. By trading physical items.B. By exchanging artistic creativity.C. By hosting art exhibitions.D. By making artistic advertisements.18. A. Painting and writing.B. Graphic design and photography.C. Music and album cover design.D. Video editing and project management.19. A. Members can benefit without efforts.B. Members can make money by providing artistic services.C. Members can get copyrights of other artistic offerings.D. Members can have access to the creative exchange list.20. A. Competitive individualism.B. Artistic cooperation and inspiration.C. Individual fame in the art field.D. Material collaboration and exchange.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Japan’s robot revolution in senior careJapan’s artificial intelligence expertise is transforming the elder care industry, with __21__ (specialize) robotic care accomplishing more than just taking pressure off the critical shortage of caregivers. Senior care facilities across Japan are testing out such new robots __22__ deliver a collection of social and physical health care and the government-backed initiative has been met with positive reviews by elderly residents.The rapidly graying population __23__ (eye) by the government as a potential market for medical technology now. Disappointing government predictions show that by 2025, Japan’s first baby boomers will have turned 75 and about 7 million people are likely to suffer from some form of dementia （痴呆）. The nation won’t be able to avoid a dementia crisis __24__ an additional 380,000 senior care workers.The long-standing shortage of professional care workers has encouraged the Japanese government __25__ (simplify) procedures for foreign caregivers to be trained and certified. The current Technical Intern Training Program between Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia, under __26__ Economic Partnership Agreement, was extended to include nursing care as well as agriculture, fishery, and construction sectors.__27__ the government made efforts to increase the numbers of senior care workers, the target number offoreign graduates has still fallen flat, with the national caregiver examination proving a major obstacle to pass. The success rate for foreign students was a merely 106 students last year, __28__ has slightly improved to 216 students this year. Another depressing reality is that 19 to 38 percent of foreign nurses who pass the exam opt to leave the industry and return home, __29__ (cite) tough work conditions and long hours. Given the challenges, this is __30__ the government believes care robots will be able to step in.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Sea-level rise predictionsA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus, a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences, spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska’s southeastern __31__ near Disenchantment Bay. The glacier is unique because, unlike other glaciers, it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined , __32__ , as one that starts flowing at least 10 times faster than normal. But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood, although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the __33__ of glacial surging.During Turner’s surges, the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly 3 feet a day to 65 feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea-level rise, and current climate change models don’t __34__ account for these movements. For example, Gree nland’s glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise. Since the early 2000s, Greenland __35__ from not having any effect on world sea levels, to increasing sea level by about 1 millimeter per year. Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures, which leads to more ice melting. The other half, however, is because glaciers in Greenland are, as a whole, moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier. Glaciers are full of holes, and water runs through those holes. When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier, it starts to move, partly because it’s lifting the mass of ice and rock off the ground and partly because it’s __36__ the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier, and how does the movement __37__ the glacier’s speed? Those are the questions the scientists hope to answer.Bartholomaus, some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University, __38__ onto the ice in August. They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters. They placed roughly 30instruments, burying them deeply into the glacier and __39__them on rock outcroppings （露岩）alongside the glacier. This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries. Those instruments will __40__ on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops, providing researchers with before and after data.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Investors probably expect that following the suggestions of stock analysts would make them better off than doing the exact opposite. __41__, recent research by Nicola Gennaioli and his colleagues shows that the best way to gain excess returns would be to invest in the shares least favored by analysts. They compute that, during the last 35 years, investing in the 10 percent of U.S. stocks analysts were most __42__ about would have yielded on average 3 percent a year. __43__, investing in the 10 percent of stocks analysts were most pessimistic about would have yielded a surprising 15 percent a year.Gennaioli and colleagues shed light on this __44__ with the help of cognitive sciences and, in particular, using Kahneman and Tversky’s concept of representativeness. Decision makers, according to this view, __45__ the representative features of a group or a phenomenon. These are defined as the features that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group.After observing strong earnings growth —the explanation goes —analysts think that the firm may be the next Google. “Googles”are in fact more frequent among firms experiencing strong growth, which makes them __46__. The problem is that “Googles”are very __47__ in absolute terms. As a result, expectations become too optimistic, and future performance __48__. A model of stock prices in which investor beliefs follow this logic can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the beliefs of analysts and the dynamics（动态变化）of stock returns.In related work, the authors also show that the same model can __49__ booms and busts in the volume of credit and interest rate spreads.These works are part of a research project aimed at taking insights from cognitive sciences and at __50__ them into economic models. Kahneman and Tversky’s concept of “representativeness”lies at the heart of this effort. “In a classical example, we __51__ to think of Irishmen as redheads because red hair is much more frequent among Irishmen than among the rest of the world,” Prof. Gennaioli says. “However, only 10 percent of Irishmen are redheads. In our work, we develop models of belief formation that show this logic and study the __52__ of this important psychological force in different fields.”Representativeness helps describe __53__ and behavior in different fields, not only in financial markets. One such field is the formation of stereotypes about social groups. In a recent experimental paper, Gennaioli and colleagues show that representativeness can explain self-confidence, and in particular the __54__ of women to compete in traditionally male subjects, such as mathematics. A slight prevalence of __55__ male math ability in the data is enough to make math ability un-representative for women, driving their under confidence in this particular subject.41. A. Consequently B. Furthermore C. Nevertheless D. Meanwhile42. A. curious B. controversial C. concerned D. optimistic43. A. In brief B. By contrast C. In addition D. Without doubt44. A. engagement B. concentration C. puzzle D. definition45. A. memorize B. prioritize C. modernize D. fertilize46. A. representative B. argumentative C. executive D. sensitive47. A. harsh B. adaptable C. crucial D. rare48. A. cheers B. disappoints C. stabilizes D. improves49. A. account for B. count on C. suffer from D. hold up50. A. pouring B. admitting C. integrating D. tempting51. A. pretend B. afford C. offer D. tend52. A. effects B. delights C. intervals D. codes53. A. companions B. scales C. expectations D. findings54. A. necessity55. A. equivalent B. involvementB. exceptionalC. perseveranceC. mysteriousD. reluctanceD. distressingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Montessori was born in Italy in 1870 with progressive parents, who frequently communicated with the country’s leading thinkers and scholars. This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time.Her mother’s support was vital for some important decisions, such as her enrolment in a technical school after her elementary education. Her parents ’ support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine, a field that was dominated by men.Soon after graduating, in 1896, Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome, where she cared for children with learning difficulties. The rooms were bare, with just a few pieces of furniture. One day, she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs （面包屑）that had dropped on the floor. It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty. With the right learning materials, these and other young minds could be nurtured, Montessori concluded.The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses. In addition, each child should also be allowed to move and act freely, and use their creativity and problem-solving skills. Teachers took the role of guides, supporting the children without press or control.Montessori opened her first Children’s House in 1907. When the Fascists（法西斯主义者）first came into power in Italy in 1922, they initially embraced her movement. But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children’s freedom of expression. Montessori’s values had always been about human respect, and the rights of children and women, but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame.Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools ’ educational content, and in 1934 Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy. She didn’t return to her homeland until 1947, and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in 1952, at the age of 81.56. The primary reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method was .A. her family’s supportive influence on her educationB. her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinicC. her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happilyD. her decision to study medicine, a field dominated by men57. What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method as described in the passage?A. Providing standardized, one-size-fits-all learning materials.B. Encouraging strict discipline and control over children’s actions.C. Focusing on rote memorization and competition.D. Creating a free and children-centered learning environment.58. Montessori decided to leave Italy in 1934 because .A. she wanted to explore other countries and culturesB. she wanted to avoid the Fascist’s influence on her workC. she was offered a better job in a different countryD. she wanted to retire and enjoy a peaceful life in another country59. Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage?A. Observant and innovative.B. Traditional and emotional.C. Progressive and dependent.D. Open-minded and indifferent.(B)Reducing the workweek to four days could have a climate benefit. In addition to improving the well-being of workers, cutting working hours may reduce carbon emissions. But those benefits would depend on a number of factors, experts emphasize, including how people choose to spend nonworking time.Commuting and travelTransportation is the biggest contributor to greenhouse emissions. A November 2021 survey of 2,000 employees and 500 business leaders in the United Kingdom found that if all organizations introduced a four-day week, the reduced trips to work would decrease travel overall by more than 691 million miles a week.But the climate benefits of less commuting could be eliminated, experts said, if people choose to spend their extra time off traveling, particularly if they do so by car or plane.Energy usageShorter working hours could lead to reductions in energy usage, experts said. According to a 2006 paper, if the United States adopted European work standards, the country would consume about 20 percent less energy.Energy could also be conserved if fewer resources are needed to heat and cool large office buildings, reducing demands on electricity. For example, if an entire workplace shuts down on the fifth day, that would help lower consumption — less so if the office stays open to accommodate employees taking different days off.Lifestyle changesIt’s possible that fewer working hours may lead some people to have a larger carbon footprint, but experts say research suggests that most people are likely to shift toward more sustainable lifestyles.One theory is that people who work more and have less free time tend to do things in more carbon-intensive ways, such as choosing faster modes of transportation or buying prepared foods. Convenience is often carbon-intensive and people tend to choose convenience when they’re time-stressed. Meanwhile, some research suggests that those who work less are more likely to engage in traditionally low-carbon activities, such as spending time with family or sleeping.“When we talk about the four-day workweek and the environment, we focus on the tangible, but actually, in a way, the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible,” experts said.60. What is identified as the leading cause of greenhouse emissions according to the passage?A. The well-being of employees.B. The conservation of energy.C. Commuting and travel.D. The European work standard.61. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence “the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible” inthe last paragraph?A. People will have big potential in achieving intangible benefits while working.B. People are more likely to engage in carbon-intensive activities due to time constraints.C. People may shift toward more sustainable lifestyles and lower carbon footprints.D. People may travel more frequently by car or plane during their extra time off.62. The passage is mainly written to .A. highlight the importance of shortening working time in the context of well-beingB. provide an overview of transportation emissions worldwideC. analyze the impact of reduced working hours on mode of businessD. illustrate factors affecting the climate benefits of a shorter workweek(C)The cultivation of plants by ants is more widespread than previously realized, and has evolved on at least 15 separate occasions.There are more than 200 species of ant in the Americas that farm fungi（真菌）for food, but this trait evolved just once sometime between 45 million and 65 million years ago. Biologists regard the cultivation of fungi by ants as true agriculture appearing earlier than human agriculture because it meets four criteria: the ants plant the fungus, care for it, harvest it and depend on it for food.By contrast, while thousands of ant species are known to have a wide variety of interdependent relationships with plants, none were regarded as true agriculture. But in 2016, Guillaume Chomicki and Susanne Renner at the University of Munich, Germany, discovered that an ant in Fungi cultivates several plants in a way that meets the four criteria for true agriculture.The ants collect the seeds of the plants and place them in cracks in the bark of trees. As the plants grow, they form hollow structures called domatia that the ants nest in. The ants defecate （排便）at designated absorptive places in these domatia, providing nutrients for the plant. In return, as well as shelter, the plant provides food in the form of fruit juice.This discovery prompted Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships to see if there are other examples of plant cultivation that have been overlooked. “They have never really been looked at in the framework of agriculture,” says Chomicki, who is now at the University of Sheffield in the UK. “It’s definitely widespread.”The team identified 37 examples of tree-living ants that cultivate plants that grow on trees, known as epiphytes（附生植物）.By looking at the family trees of the ant species, the team was able to determine on how many occasions plant cultivation evolved and roughly when. Fifteen is a conservative estimate, says Campbell. All the systems evolved relatively recently, around 1 million to 3 million years ago, she says.Whether the 37 examples of plant cultivation identified by the team count as true agriculture depends on the definitions used. Not all of the species get food from the plants, but they do rely on them for shelter, which is crucial for ants living in trees, says Campbell. So the team thinks the definition of true agriculture should include shelter as well as food.63. According to biologists, why is ant-fungus cultivation considered as a form of true agriculture?A. Because it occurred earlier than human agriculture.B. Because it fulfills the standards typical of agricultural practices.C. Because it redefines the four criteria for true human agriculture.D. Because it is less common than previously thought.64. What motivated Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships?A. They determined on new family trees of the ant species.B. They overlooked some tree-living ants that provided nutrients for the plants.C. They never studied the ant-plant relationships within the context of agriculture.D. They never identified any ant species that engaged in cultivation of fungi.65. Which of the following statements is supported by the team’s findings according to the passage?A. Ants ’ cultivation of plants is limited to a few specific species.B. The cultivation of fungi by ants is considered the earliest form of agriculture.C. True agriculture in ants involves only food-related interactions with plants.D. Ants have independently cultivated plants on at least 15 distinct occasions.66. What is the passage mainly about?A. The evolution of ants in the plant kingdom.B. The widespread occurrence of ant-plant cultivation.C. The discovery of a new ant species engaging in agriculture.D. The contrast between ant agriculture and human agriculture.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you? Would it be a good thing? And if you did have one, would you want to meet them?Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you. Your passport, ID card and driving licence all feature your face. __67__ You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.The word ‘doppelgänger’ refers to a person who looks the same as you, essentially sharing your features; those that you thought were unique to you and your identity. Not identical twins, as a doppelgänger has no relation to you. The idea originated in German folklore. __68__So, let’s get real. What are the chances of you having one in the first place? There’s said to be a one in 135 chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world, so the chances are pretty low, despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise. And the chances of meeting? The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.That said, these statistics may be a good thing. Historically, having a double wasn’t always a positive. Back in 1999, an innocent American man, indistinguishable from the real criminal, was sent to prison for robbery, where he stayed for 19 years. __69__ In a different case, a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelgänger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!__70__ The fascination with doppelgängers may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meant they were from the same family or had a common ancestor. It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike, creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting. However, as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing, we understand that after such an experience, you might not want to meet your doppelgänger again.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Competitive CheerleadingOver the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitivecheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders ’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling （翻腾运动）ability.It’s a very common thing for gymnasts,so it’s easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance. Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women.Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 如果不好好准备，周五的演讲可能会变得一塌糊涂。
2024届上海市静安区、青浦区高三第一次联考英语试题文试题含解析
2024届上海市静安区、青浦区高三第一次联考英语试题文试题注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。
2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。
3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。
第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．The economy in big cities has continued to rise thanks to the local governments to increase ______.A．that B．themC．it D．those2．—Oh, my God! What’s wrong with you?—I was going the normal speed limit when a truck appeared in front of me ________ and I didn't have time to stop. A．between the lines B．around the clockC．out of the blue D．over the moon3．Dimash appeared on the stage of Singer 2017,his voice instantly won hearts of Chinese audience.A．As long as B．As soon as C．Now that D．Ever since4．--- I can’t think why he_____ so angry. I meant no offence.---It’s typical of him to be sensitive.A．should have been B．must have beenC．might have been D．can have been5．________ some leaders and scientists have praised China’s achievement in space technology, others regard China’s progress as a threat.A．Unless B．OnceC．Even though D．Now that6．The solution to a problem，we are told，often comes to thinkers in a "flash of ________"．A．inspiration B．insightC．invitation D．innovation7．The biggest problem for most plants, which ________just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.A．shall not B．can'tC．needn't D．mustn't8．—Where was I?—You ________ you didn’t like your job.A．had said B．saidC．were saying D．has said9．—Could you check my list to see I have forgotten anything?—No problem.A．whether B．whichC．that D．what10．If these new measures don’t work, we’ll have to _______ our old system.A．make up for B．come up withC．break away from D．fall back on11．Nowadays, more and more young ladies, figures most are fine enough, are going on a diet.A．who B．whoseC．of whose D．of whom12．If you go to buy the top best-selling CD, please get ______ for me.A．one B．itC．this D．that13．Some tourists’ visiting Tian’ anmen Square during the holiday left a __________ of lit ter everywhere they went. A．trail B．dotC．chain D．track14．As a teacher, you have to _____ your method to suit the needs of slower children.A．display B．testC．adjust D．transfer15．Thanks to the “sugar tax”，food factories have reduced sugar in their products, ________ about 45 million kilograms of sugar.A．to save B．savedC．saving D．having saved16．-----My room gets very cold at night.-----_________________.A．So is mine B．So mine is C．So does mine D．So mine does17．In spring, the scene on the top of the hill is so appealing that it is ________ my words.A．above B．overC．beyond D．off18．Having been treated in the hospital for as long as six months, the man injured in the car crash is now eventually back _______ his feet.A．at B．inC．on D．to19．— Why do you look very upset?— The electricity was cut off suddenly and my essay ________ unfinished since.A．was left B．has leftC．had been left D．has been left20．If you want to go further in the new sport, the best way is to ______ and practise more frequently.A．dive in B．drop outC．catch on D．spring up第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
上海静安区届高三一模英语试题含答案完整版
上海静安区届高三一模英语试题含答案HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】静安区2014学年第一学期高三年级教学质量检测英语试卷 (一模)（120分钟完成; 总分：150分）第I卷（共 103 分）(第I卷试题的答案请做在答题卡上)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At the man’s office. B. At the woman’s office.C. In a cinema.D. Outside their dormitory.2. A. She likes fruit salad. B. She eats whatever she likes.C. She prefers to be on a diet.D. She is afraid of gaining weight.3. A. 7:30. B. 7:40. C. 7:50.:00.4. A. Tim’s excellent performance. B. Tim’s assignment.C. Tim’s graduation day.D. Tim’s study habits.5. A. Husband and wife. B. Manager and customer.C. Hostess and guest.D. Teacher and student.6. A. He has no interest in wild life protection.B. He ca n’t join the group.C. He is sorry to fail in the examination.D. He’s already busy with the Student Union issue.7. A. Price of petrol. B. Bus fare.C. Traffic condition.D. Petrol shortage.8. A. They’ll have to get some more paint.B. They should get someone to help them.C. They shouldn’t delay any longer.D. They don’t have to paint the room again.9. A. Summer vacation. B. Language learning.C. Pleasure of traveling.D. Studying abroad.10. A. The woman wants to go to Toronto. B. The man wants to go to Vancouver.C. There are no flights to Toronto.D. There are two direct flights to Toronto.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She explained the functions of the BCD International.B. She described some popular singers.C. She played a new record.D. She introduced the radio program to listeners.12. A. About the Big Hits. B. The History of Pop.C. The Road to Music.D. Pop Words.13. A. To introduce new singers and songwriters.B. To provide the background with music.C. To help to understand the words to the big music hits.D. To hear from listeners’ opinions on music.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To achieve high marks in study.B. To develop their own interests.C. To be responsible for their parents.D. To discover subjects outside class.15. A. Because there are so few rules.B. Because there are too many rules.C. Because they hate to take part in activities.D. Because they are afraid to make mistakes.16. A. Teachers show little interest in open education.B. Most traditional teachers support open education.C. Many teachers quite enjoy open education.D. Some traditional teachers do not like open education.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, youare required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you hear. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,?use one word that best fits each blank.(A)There are 101 excuses for not writing or calling the media when you see unfair, biased or inaccurate news coverage: “I don’t know enough”; “I’m too busy”; “My computer crashed.”（25）_______(communicate) with journalists makes a difference. It does not have to be perfect; not all letters to journalists need to be for publication. Even（26）_______ one-sentence, handwritten note to areporter（27）_______ be helpful. If you take the time to type a substantive letter, send copies of it to two or three places within the media outlet — perhaps to the reporter, his or her editor, as well as to the letters-to-the-editor department.If media outlets get letters from a dozen people（28）_______ (raise) the same issue, they will most likely publish one or two of them. So even if your letter（29）_______ ( not get) into print, it may help another one with a similar point of view get published. Surveys of newspaper readers show that the letters page is among the most closely read parts of the paper. It’s also the page policy-makers look to as a barometer of public opinion.（30）_______ you write to journalists, be factual, not rhetorical (带修辞色彩的). Do not personally attack them; that’s more likely to convince them that they’re in the right. Address them in the languagethat most journalists（31）_______ (train) to understand. Call on them to be responsible, professional, balanced and inclusive of diverse sources and viewpoints.Letters（32）_______ are intended for publication should usually be drafted more carefully.(B)Westminster Abbey, the gothic church, stands in the heart of modern London overlooking the River Thames and Houses of Parliament. It startedas a small monastery(修道院), （33）_______ (found) in the year 960 byKing Edgar, but soon became one of the most important churches in the kingdom.King Edgar was the first monarch（34）_______ (bury) there in 1065. In the mid 13th Century, King Henry III decided to rebuild it as a greatgothic cathedral to rival（与. . . . . .相匹敌）（35）_______ in France.All monarchs have been crowned there（36）_______ William the Conqueror in 1066, and many monarchs have married in the Abbey, （37）_______(recently) Prince William and Catherine Middleton.But Westminster Abbey isn’t just about royalty. Many of the greatest people in British history are buried or commemorated there—artists, scientists, thinkers—there isn’t even a “poet’s corner” built up（38）_______ the grave of 14th-century poet Geoffrey Chaucer.Westminster Abbey tells the story of ordinary British people too. Parts of the Abbey were destroyed in booming raids（空袭）during World War II（39）_______ services went on throughout the war. On May 8, 1945, the V-E(Victory in Europe)Day, a thanksgiving service was held there.Westminster Abbey stood for courage and British spirit.（40）_______ _______ you are not a Christian, it is impossible not to feel a sense of something otherworldly(超脱尘俗地) when you enter Westminster Abbey—and that goes for tourists, ordinary Londoners, or students getting ready for another Friday at school.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Golden Gate. This is not the __41__ to some sacred land, but it is just as __42__. The Golden Gate is where San Francisco Bay __43__ the Pacific Ocean, and at night the scene of the bridge __44__ up over the water takes your breath away.Welcome to San Francisco, a place famous for its beautiful parks,hilly streets and lovely beaches. But the bridge is undoubtedly the most well-known symbol of the city. Before its completion in 1937, the bridge was considered impossible to build because of the foggy weather, powerful winds, and __45__ ocean currents in the city. However, despite thedifficult conditions, the bridge was built in no more than four years. Its total length is nearly 2 kilometers.San Francisco __46__ first on Lonely Planet’s list of the best cities to visit in 2013. According to the world’s largest travel publisher, it came top as a result of its __47__ mix.According to the US 2010 census(人口普查), 21 percent of the city’s population was made up of Chinese people. San Francisco’s Chinatown is the largest outside of Asia and the oldest in North America. Twotraditional festivals, the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, are the biggest events of the year on the city’s __48__.If yellow cabs are a key part of New York city life, then the cable car is San Francisco’s equivalent. The first cable car came into public service in 1873, and the slow and noisy vehicle has been a symbol of the city ever since. The cable car network was once __49__ by a serious earthquake but, luckily, it has now recovered and provides better __50__ than the subway.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It is one of the most terrifying moments for any urban cyclists: the first time a huge, high-sided construction truck lumbers alongside, the driver__51__ within their high cab（驾驶室）. Now a leading cycling group hopes it has __52__with a solution — the cyclist-friendly lorry.The draft design, to be unveiled（揭幕）on Wednesday by the London Cycling Campaign, reduces the overall height of the lorry, __53__ the driving position, and greatly __54__ the side windows of the cab, stretching them as close to road level as possible. __55__ drivers of the traditional lorry have to rely on __56__ and sensors to spot cyclists or pedestrians close to the front offside of the vehicle, if they can detect them at all, the new design all but __57__ this blind spot.It is undoubtedly a big __58__, especially in London, where lorries form about 5% of vehicle traffic __59__ are responsible for about half of all cyclist deaths, with a large __60__ of these involving construction lorries, often turning left into a cyclist. In 2011, of the 16 cyclist deaths in London, nine involved lorries, of which seven were construction vehicles.If elements of the London Cycling Campaign’s design look familiar that is __61__ they are already in use — many __62__ rubbish lorries already feature low-silled glass doors, allowing the drivers to look out for both staff __63__ bins and other pedestrians. This demonstrated how construction companies could change if they wanted to.A study __64__ last month by Transport for London said construction trucks were disproportionately（不成比率地）involved in cyclist accidents and recommended __65__ such as giving drivers delivering goods to building sites more realistic time slots to avoid them being tempted into recklessness.51. A. inaccessible B. inconvenient C. invisibleD. inexact52. A. break away B. put down C. come up D. get along53. A. totally B. especially C. generallyD. probably54. A. strengthens B. extends C. increasesD. improves55. A. While B. Since C. However D. Before56. A. windows B. drawers C. carriages D. mirrors57. A. calculates B. disapproves C. implements D. eliminates58. A. solution B. method C. issueD. highlight59. A. so B. or C. butD. and60. A. deal B. number C. amount D. burden61. A. because B. until C. unless D. whether62. A. realistic B. domestic C. academicD. traffic63. A. participating B. associating C. assembling D. collecting64. A. released B. reflected C. motivated D. hunted65. A. differences B. problems C. factors D. measuresSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arefour choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)On October 24,1929 —“Black Thursday”—a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New York Stock Exchange. The Great Depression began. By 1932, thousands of banks and businesses had failed. Industrial production was cut in half, farm income had fallen by more than half, wages had decreased 60 percent, new investment was down 90 percent and one out of every four workers was unemployed.The Republican president, Herbert Hoover was unable to take measures to deal with the economic collapse. So in the 1932 election, he was defeated by Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt, who promised “a New Deal for the American people”.Within the “Hundred Days”, Roosevelt rushed through Congress a number of laws to aid the recovery of the economy. The Civilian Conservation Corps put young men to work in reforestation and flood.The Federal Emergency Relief Administration aided state and localrelief funds. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration paid farmers to reduce production, thus raising crop prices. The Tennessee ValleyAuthority built a network of dams in the Tennessee River area to generate electricity, control floods and manufacture fertilizer. The National Recovery Administration regulated fair competition among businesses and ensured bargaining rights and minimum wages for workers.The Social Security Act of 1935 established contributory old age and survivors’ pensions, as well as a joint federal state program of unemployment insurance.The Work Progress Administration was one of the most effective of the New Deal measures. Financed by taxes collected by the federal government, the WPA created millions of jobs by undertaking the construction of roads,bridges, airports and other public buildings. It kept workers in the job, thus preserving their skills and their self-respect.The New Deal programs did not end the Depression. But the economy improved as a result of this program of government intervention.66. According to the passage, “Black Thursday” is the day ________.A. of selling stocksB. of reducing industrial productionC. the Great Depression beganD. the New Deal was implemented67. The New Deal is a number of laws ________.A. to make young people plant trees and build damsB. to aid state and local relief fundsC. to deal with workersD. to deal with economic problems68. The WPA was an effective measure because ________.A. it provided workers jobs of building roads and airportsB. it preserved workers’ skill and self-respectC. it provided financial aids to workersD. it ensured workers’ minimum wages69. Roosevelt made his New Deal programs effective through ________.A. his presidential powerB. government taxationC. congress reputationD. government intervention__________.A. Prof. Klammer announces them in classB. the student reads the list on the next pageC. Prof. Klammer gives a list every weekD. the student goes to the professor’s office71. A student who would like to attend the course by Prof. Klammer has tostay in 363 Marshall Hall ______.A. from 11:15 to 12:30 on Monday, Wednesday and FridayB. from 10:10 to 11:00 on Tuesday and ThursdayC. from 3:35 to 5:00 on Monday, Wednesday and FridayD. from 3:35 to 5:00 on Tuesday and Thursday72. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. The textbook is written by Dr. Jane Klammer.B. If you have to miss a class, be sure to say sorry to Prof. Klammer.C. The students can buy “Introduction to American History” at theCollege Bookstore.D. Prof. Klammer advises her students to take notes in her class.73. If a freshman thinks that he might major in history, what is themaximum length of his paper can be?A. Fifteen pages.B. Twenty-five pages.C. Ten pages.D. No maximum.(C)On December 14, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space) blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don't let its small size fool you: WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects in the known universe, including asteroids, faint stars, blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born."I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of theuniverse that we haven't seen before," said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space, the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth, held by gravity in a polar orbit(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap (一圈).Its camera is pointed outward, away from the Earth, and WISE will snap a picture of a different part ofthe sky every 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs, however. WISE stands for "Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer." As its name suggests, the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation (红外线辐射).Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, includingthe familiar spectrum of Light(光谱) that becomes visible in a rainbow, is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digital camera takes a pictureof a tree, for example, it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens, they're processed by the camera, which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don't see them, and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye, longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't. Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light. Asteroids, for example, are giant rocks that float through space—but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They don't reflect light, so they are difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.Brown dwarfs(褐矮星)are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE's pictures. These objects are "failed" stars—which means they are not massive enough to jump start the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun. Instead, brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down. They're so dim that they're almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.74. What is so special about WISE?A. Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.B. It is as small as a trashcan.C. It is small in size but carries a large camera.D. Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.75. The camera on WISE ________.A. is not different from an ordinary cameraB. does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera doesC. reflects light that human eyes can seeD. catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not76. Which of the following is NOT correct about "asteroids" according to paragraph 7?A. Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.B. Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.C. It is difficult to take asteroids' pictures by ordinary cameras.D. The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids.77. What is implied in the last paragraph?A. Brown dwarfs give off visible light.B. Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.C. Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.D. Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.From boy to manGrowing up on-screen for a decade as Harry Potter, 22-year-old Daniel Radellif has had to deal with typecasting(角色定位) his whole career. However, in a new release called The woman in Black’s hero by taking on the lead role in a classic ghost story.The movie, which hit Chinese cinemas on Sept. 20, tells the tale of a widowed lawyer named Arthur Kipps (Radcliffe) who is sent to a remote village in the north of England for a late client’s affairs. There, he discovers the town’s tragic past—children die after they see a mysterious woman dressed in black. To clear things up, he decides to stay alone in an old house, which is completely cut off from the mainland at high tide.His fears grow when he sees a woman in black looking at him from the window and hears the sound of a pony and trap in difficulty, followed by the screams of a young child. Kipps decides he must find a way to break the cycle of horror after his son is threatened by the mysterious woman.The story pulls out every old, dark house cliché(老套路) going: demonic(恶魔的) dolls, rocking chairs, and the ghostly black-cloaked woman herself. However, it has become one of this year’s biggest box office winners in the UK when it was released there in February.British movie critic Jamie Russell thinks what makes it so different, is how character-driven it is and how Radcliffe makes it count.“The woman in Black works because of Radcliffe,not in spite of him,” he said. “Radcliffe’s face convinces you that Kipps knows what it is to have loved and lost forever.”There is not much conversation. Director James Watkins’s gambled on Radcliffe’s acting. He was not disappointed. “It’s an absolute joy doing the slow push in on Dan, reading his thoughts and letting the cameradrift closer and closer into his eyes.” He told British magazine Total Film.For the former Potter star who has longed for a career away from Hogwarts, this ghost movie is a step in the right direction.“It’s mainly about working hard and proving to people you’re serious about it, and stretching (倾注全力) yourself and learning.”Radcliffe told British online newspaper The Huffington Post.And he understands fame is fleeting. “The line that has made the most lasting impression on me was by[US writer] William Goldman. He said something like, ’Stars come and go, only actors last’.” he told the news website.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. The movie The woman in Black is about ___________________________.79. Why does Kipps have to find a way to break the cycle of horror?80. How The woman in Black is successful is that it has been___________________________.81. What does The woman in Blackmean mean for Radclliffe, the former Harry Potter star?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会吗? (possible)2. 桌上有本最新版的英语字典。
2020年上海市静安区高考一模英语真题试题(解析版)
Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How Do Avalanches HappenIf you’re ever skiing in the mountains, you’ll want to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow down a slope, such as a mountain. The amount of snow in an avalanche ___1___ (vary) based on many things, but it can be such a huge amount that it can bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow. ,Avalanches ___2___ be caused by natural things. For example, new snow or rain can cause built-up snow to loosen and fall down the side of a mountain. Artificial triggers（诱发因素）can also cause avalanches. For example, snowmobiles, skiers, and explosives ___3___ (know) to lead to avalanches.Avalanches usually occur during the winter and spring, ___4___ snowfall is greatest. As they are dangerous to any living beings in their path, avalanches have destroyed forests, roads, railroads and even entire towns. Warning signs exist that allow experts to predict -- and often prevent -- avalanches from _______5_______ (occur). When over a foot of fresh snow falls experts know to be on the lookout for avalanches. Explosives can be used in places ___6___ massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches that don’t pose a danger to persons or property.When deadly avalanches do occur, the moving snow can quickly reach over 80 miles per hour. Skiers caught in such avalanches can be buried under dozens of feet of snow. ___7___ it’s possible to dig out of such avalanches, not all are able to escape.If you get tossed about by an avalanche and find yourself ___8___ (bury) under many feet of snow, you might not have a true sense of which way is up and which way is down. Some avalanche victims have tried to dig their way out, only to find that they were upside down and digging ___9___ farther under the snow rather than to the top!Experts suggest that people caught in an avalanche try to dig around you ____10____ (create) a space for air, so you can breathe more easily. Then, do your best to figure out which way is up and dig in that direction to reach the surface and signal rescuers.【答案】1. will vary / varies2. can3. have been known / are known4. when5. occurring6. with7. While/Though/Although8. buried9. themselves10. to create【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了雪崩是怎样发生的及如何在雪崩中逃生。