雅思英语语法讲义

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雅思英语语法讲义

雅思英语语法材料第一章谓语动词第一讲时态一、时态表格（一）一般（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）一般现在过去肯定句式主is/are+…主v原/v单三+…主was/were+…主v-ed+…否定句式主is/are not+…主don’t/doesn’t + v原+…主was/were not…主didn’t + v原…疑问句式Is/Are主+…?Do/Does主+v原？Was/were主…?Did主+v原?意义重复、习惯；状态，客观；频度，次数；列车、航班动作已经完成；描述一系列动作；过去习惯标志性频度副词：always, often,rarely, usually,yesterday; last的时间状语sometimes, seldom;once/twice/three/four+次数；every evening/ dayweek/month/yearnight/week/month season /year; …ago; just now;介词+过去的week/month/season/year/century时态“三字经”：现在时，并不难；表重复，表习惯；表状态，表客观；有频度，有次数；看主语，定单三。

（二）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）进行进行现在过去将来过去将来肯定句式主is/are+v-ing主was/were+v-ing主will/shallbe + v-ing…主would + v原…主was/weregoing to+ v原否定句式主is/arenot +v-ing主was/werenot +v-ing…主won’t be+ v-ing…主Was/Were notgoing to+ v原主wouldn’t+ v原/疑问句式Is/Are主+v-ing…?Was/were主+v-ing…?Will主be +v-ing…？Would主+v原？Was/were主going to+v原？意义说话时正在发生的状态；目前正在进行的工作为过去某一动作提供场景将来进行着的动作；纯粹的将来计划或安排过去谈论将来进行着的动作标志性的时间状语now; at themoment,currently,presently,at present,this weekwhen，while， asby thistimetomorrow…b that time;the next daymonth/year（三）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成完成现在过去将来过去将来肯定句式主has/have+v-ed…主had+v-ed…主willhave+ v-ed…主would have+v-ed…否定句式主has/havenot v-ed…主had not +v-ed…主+won’thave+ v-ed主wouldn’thave+ v-ed…疑问句式Has/Have主+v-ed…?Had主+v-ed…?Will主have+v-ed？Would主have+v-ed…?意义过去动作持续到现在；过去动作影响到现在过去某时之前发生的动作将来某时之前完成的动作过去将来某时之前完成的动作标志性的时间状语for+时间段，since+时间点;Ever, never,just,already,yet; before,till now,when, assoon as, bythe time…,after; nosooner…than…,hardly…when…Before,by+固定时间; in+某段时间Before, by+固定时间; in+某段时间（四）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成进行完成进行现在过去将来过去将来肯定句式主has/havebeen +v-ing…主had been+v-ing…主willhave been+v-ing…主would have+been +v-ing…否定句式主has/havenot been+v-ing…主had notbeen +v-ing…主+won’thave been+v-ing…主wouldn’thave been +v-ing…疑问句式Has/Have主been +v-ing…?Had主been+v-ing…?Will主havebeen + v-ing…？Would主havebeen +v-ing…?意义某种状态或动作持续了多久过去之前某一动作持续的长短或动作本身将来某时之前某个动作或状态存在了多久过去将来某时之前动作或状态存在了多久标志性的时间状语for+时间段，since+时间点for+时间段，since+时间点by the endof…by the endof…二、基本时态演练1.Science still a cure for cancer.a.doesn’t find c.hasn’t foundb.haven’t found d.aren’t finding2.While he a route to the Indies, Columbusdiscovered America.a.searched c.had searched forb.was discovering d.was searching for3.Existing reserves of fossil fuel by 2045.a.have been run out c.is going to be run outb.will have run out d.have run out4.Only by investing heavily in value-added exportsfrom the present trade imbalance.a.the country canemergec.can the country emergeb.the country mightemerged.the country emerged5.Until the 16th century the earth to be flat.a.is believed c.believedb.has been believed d.was believed6.If the temperature of the reactor 500C highermeltdown would have occurred.a.was c.was beingb.had been d.had7.The lecturer said ‘It’s time you theliterature review.’a.began c.should beginb.begin d.are beginning8.After your results you should make anappointment with your tutor.a.youreceivingc.you have receivedb.you wouldhavereceivedd.you received9.You the experiment twice, not once.a.should havecarried outc.haven’t carried outb.shouldn’thave carriedout d.couldn’t have carriedout10.The scientists were prohibited the dangerzone.a.to enter c.enterb.entering d.from entering三、时态改错1. People should act according to what they are believing.2. In general, I think our government spent too much money on space travel.3. These days, more and more people traveling to very distant places for their holidays.4. I am hoping it is not too late to save the environment.5. The female hen laying on average 5 or 6 eggs per week.6. Younger drivers is more likely to be involved in a car accident.7. Most doctors are agreeing that the only way to lose weight is by doing more exercise.第二讲语态一、被动语态的形式一般进行完成现在主am/is/are+ v-ed…主am/is/are being+v-ed…主 has/have been+v-ed …过去主 was/were+v-ed…主was/were being+v-ed…主had been +v-ed…将来主 will be+v-ed…×主 will have been+v-ed…将来完成主 would be+v-ed…×主 would have been+v-ed…情态动词主can/could/may/might/shall/should/will/would/must/have to/ought to + be + v-ed…不定式…to be +v-ed…; to have been +v-ed二、被动语态使用情景（一）一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式1. I agree with the statement that there should be no government restriction on creative artists who express themselves in the way they do and that they must be given freedom for the same. (IELTS 4, Band 7, p167)2. There is almost everything good in what is given to us through the media world which is made up of artists. (同上)3. In conclusion, I strongly agree with that children should be taught to cooperate rather than compete. (IELTS 5, Band 6, p167)4. It was opened in the year 1863, and it is already 140 years old. (IELTS 5, Band 7, p168)（二）在描述事件和客观事实的时候，被动语态用得更多1. The use of electricity in England is indispensed with. (IELTS 4, Band 6, p164)2. Demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrated in the graph. (同上)3. The use of average English home is shown in the pie chart. (同上)（三）主语是泛指很多人或者大部分人这个方面1. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 inJapan, by which it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries. (IELTS 5, model answer, p162)2. It can be argued that…It is advised/believed/universally accepted/generally recognized that…It is said/reported/estimated that…（四）当上下文已经说明了动作执行者时：A law was introduced to help protect people in this situation.（五）动作的执行者并不重要时：In the factory, the shoes are cleaned and packed into boxes ready for sale.（六）需要体现动作的执行者时，加by-短语：A lot of waste materials could be recycled by large manufacturers.三、改写1. To enrich vocabulary, we should read more authentic materials.可以改为：2. I am not sure whether all the college graduates can find jobs after graduation.可以改为：4. 用适当的动词形式完成下列句子：（1）My home _____________ (locate) in the western part of the city.（2）These funds can _____________ (give) to the poorer people to help them.（3）We _____________ (not tell) that the rules had changed.（4）Children need to _____________ (teach) the correct way to behave in public.5. 句子改错：（1）The house was sell for over a million dollars.（2）The class has allowed to eat in the staff dining room during the renovations.（3）The potatoes carry along a conveyor belt to a room where they wash and peel.（4）The teacher told to take her class out of the school if the fire bell rang.（5）Smoking don’t allow in any part of the aeroplane.（6）The museum was being renovating when we were there, so we could not visit it.（7）Bus tickets can buy at any newsagents.（8）New employees have instructed not to operate the photocopier until they are trained.6. 把下面的句子改成被动语态，并决定是否需要带by-短语（1）A factory worker checks each box for quality.（2）The government does not permit children under 16 to work.（3）The washing machine is washing your clothes at the moment.（4）A mechanic will repair your car this afternoon.（5）The agent has sold our house at last.（6）Something tore the back of my coat.（7）The employer pay off the staff more for working at the weekend.（8）Burning tires give off highly toxic chemicals.第三讲虚拟语气请欣赏下列一首诗歌：If you were a teardrop in my eye,For fear of losing you, I would never cry.And if the golden sun should cease to shine its light,Just one smile from you would make my whole world bright.一、虚拟语气基本句型虚拟时间if 从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反did/ were would (should, could, might) do与过去事实相反had done/ hadbeenwould (should, could, might)have done/ been与将来事实相反did/wereto/should + dowould (should, could, might) do1. 与现在事实相反(1) If she were sick, she could stay at home and have a rest today.(2) If you watched more and talked less, we would both enjoy our film.2. 与过去事实相反(1) If they had studied earlier, they would have passed the IELTS.(2) Helen would have graduated with her class if she had been able to meet all the requirements in time.3. 与将来事实相反(1) If it snowed tomorrow, I would go skiing.(2) If it should snow tomorrow, I would go to make a snowman in front of our dormitory.(3) If you were to see your tutor, what would you tell him? 4．错综的虚拟语气(1) If I were you, I wouldn’t have told that to her. （时间错综：从句现在，主句过去）(2) Had I taken my umbrella with me in the morning, I should not be wet now. (时间错综：从句过去，主句现在)5．虚拟语气的倒装可以把条件句中的 if 省略掉，同时把 should, were, had 等助动词提前，构成倒装句。

于君星的雅思英语语法讲义

,retfa ,sa noos sa ,nehW 测预实事、算打虑考来将论谈去过 �原 v+ot �…+ � 能可、排安未尚、测预 �排安确明、划计来将 gniog 主 erew/saW 原 v 主 dluohS/dluoW +ton dluohs /dluow 主原 v +ot gniog 主 ton ereW/saW /…+原 v �原 v+主 erA/sI
…fo dne eht yb 久多了在存态状或作动个某前之时某来将 �…gni-v …gni-v+ …gni-v+
时 +ecnis � 段间时 +rof 身本作动或短长的续持作动一某前之去过 ?…gni-v+ neeb 主 daH …gni-v+ 主 neeb ton dah
点间
段某+ni ;间时定固+yb ,erofeB
间时
时定固 +yb ,erofeB
间时段某+ni ;间
on
,…naht
eht yb ,sa noos sa ,nehw 作动
;retfa
,tsuj
,erofeb ;tey ,ydaerla ,reven ;点间
语状间时的性志标
时+ecnis �段间时+rof 在现到响影作动去过
eganam od I tuB !tnaruatser eht ni hguone )8( _____________ I taht gniyas syawla si m om yM a sa ereht )6( ________ I dna )5( _________ a nwo yehT .tuo stnerap ym )4( ________osla ?tneduts a uoy )3( _________ ro krow uoy )2( ________ :reweivretnI .2 )1( .__________ reteP :reteP ?eman ruoY :reweivretnI .1 .keew eht gnirud emi t eerf fo tol a )7( ____________ I os ,sgnineve eht ni retiaw

雅思语法讲义

A language is acquired through practice; it is perfected through grammar.-- 语言通过实践获得，通过语法臻进完美。

英语句子成分与词性英语句子的构成成分共分为8种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语和同位语。

1.主语：是全句述说的对象，一般位于句首，除了在there be 结构、疑问句和倒装句中。

Time and tide wait for no man.We live and learn.The young and the old do not have the same idea about physical exercises.Reading makes a full man.To master a foreign language is necessary.2.谓语：说明主语的情况，永远只能由动词组成。

Life is full of ups and downs.Many hands make light work.Every dog has his day.There are no waves without wind.You can’t control your life, but you can control your attitude towards life.3.宾语：表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词或不及物动词Reading enriches the mind.Nobody can deceive him.The good in school uniforms outweighs the bad.Most weight losers decide to have a vegetarian diet.Teleworkers can avoid wasting their precious working time.4. 表语：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态或特征。

雅思语法课件讲义

语法与听说读写的关系阅读—长难句Leaving aside the philosophical question of whether anyone should have to breathe someone else’s cigarette smoke, the report suggests that the smoke experienced by many people in their daily lives is enough to produce substantial adverse effects on a person’s heart and lungs. (剑3，T1，R）撇开是否任何人都应该有呼吸别人的香烟烟雾中的哲学问题，报告建议，许多人在日常生活中所遇到的烟雾是对一个人的心脏和肺足以产生重大不利影响。

雅思写作评分标准Task Response回答问题Coherence and Cohesion连贯性及一致性Lexical Resource词汇量Grammatical Range and Accuracy语法范围及准确性QUESTION 2What(雅思)(核心)语法语法模块（一）非谓语动词动名词不定式分词（现在分词+过去分词）（二）从句定语从句状语从句名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句表语从句、同位语从句（三）英语的语言特点及结构：强调倒装虚拟语气句子结构-----长难句分析ReviewThe structure of grammar（一）非谓语动词( 3)（二）从句(2)（三）英语语言的特点(2)Warming up-----前言“雅思考试属于英语语言能力测试,侧重考查学生听,说,读,写四项技能.”IELTS test belongs to English language ability test. It focuses on four skills, including listening, speaking, reading and writing.IELTS is a test of English language proficiency, highlighting the four linguistic skills namely liste ning, speaking, reading and writing.☐句子结构一：基本句型二：简单句到复杂句的扩展方法三：其他句型（存在）一，基本句型陈述对象+陈述内容主语+谓语谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构启示：（1）分析复杂句时，先找谓语。

雅思状语从句语法讲义

雅思状语从句语法讲义1.目的状语从句目的状语从句的连接词包括so that, in order that, in case, lest。

雅思实例：(阅读) In 1986 the International Olympic Committee changed the schedule so that the summer and winter games would be held in different years.(阅读) However, no matter which lifestyle do people choose, the chosen one should be insisted lest our biological clock might get confused.(写作) 我认为应该鼓励老人住养老院(nursing house)，这样才能受到专业的照顾。

I think senior citizens should be encouraged to live in a nursing house ___________2. 结果状语从句结果状语从句的连接词包括so…that…，such…that…等。

such + a+ adj + n 与 so + adj + a + n句型的互换例句： (口语) My brother is such a forgetful person that he is always forgetting something important.My brother is so forgetful a person that he is always forgetting something important.(口语) How did you come here this morning?我早上是坐地铁一号线来的。

地铁一号线巨挤无比，我每次坐都几乎无法呼吸。

雅思语法班讲义

第一课时冠词一.基础知识记忆.1.单数可数名词绝不能单独使用,其前不是加冠词a/an/the或one’s,就必须将名词的单数形式改为复数形式.2.表泛指意义的复数名词或不可数名词(即物质名词或抽象名词)前面千万不要添加任何冠词.3. 固定短语中有无冠词,要分得清清楚楚,明明白白.二.定冠词的使用.1.世界上独一无二的天体、河流、海洋、湖泊、山川等与地理知识有关的名词前.e.g. the Changjiang Riverthe East Lake / the Pacific Oceanthe Urals.2.形容词same前.3.序数词最高级前面.4.by far前置修饰比较级时.e.g. This book is by far the better than that one.c.f. This book is better by far than that one.This book is even better than that one.5.强调两者之间的比较且作主语、定语时.e.g. The older of the two brothers is my desk-mate.Which is the bigger country, Canada or Australia?Which is bigger, Canada or Australia?6. 表示“越…越…”意义时.e.g. The sooner, the better.7.句型“动作动词+ sb.+介词+the+具体身体部位名词”结构中.e.g. Bob hit John on the head.The gentle light struck the baby in the face.The little boy took the elephant by the nose across the street.8.发明的事物名称前(即invent之后的名词)或濒临灭绝的动物单数名词前.e.g. Bell is generally considered to have invented the telephone.As we all know, the tiger is in danger of dying out.9.介词by后表示“按…计算”与度量衡单位有关的具体表时间、长度、体积、面积等名词前.e.g. Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by time.In England, cloth is sold by the yard instead of by the meter.In England, cloth is sold by length.10.与某些形容词连用表示一类人.e.g. the rich11.乐器名词前.e.g. I like playing the guitar and my sister likes playing the piano.12.由普通名词构成的专有名词前.e.g. The people’s Republic of China and the United States are two great countries.13.方位、方向名词前.e.g. China is in the east of Asia, the largest continent on the earth, and on the west of the Pacific Ocean, the largest ocean in the world.14. 再次指代上文中已提过的名词前.e.g. I bought a pen yesterday. The pen writes well.15.双方心中都知晓、明白的名词前.e.g. Pass me the book, please.16.与表示国家或民族的形容词连用,指代该全国全体人民.e.g. The Chinese love peace.17.用在姓氏复数之前表示全家人或夫妇俩.18. 其后有某种修饰语(如介词短语、定语从句、分词短语或不定式等)的名词前,表示特定的人或物时.e.g. The book on the desk is mine.19.与单数可数名词连用,表类别.e.g. The horse is a useful animal.20.表同位关系的时间、地点、语言名词前.e.g. I began to learn the French language in the University of Wuhan in the month of November of 1999.21.与农历有关的节日名词前(即与festival连用时).e.g. Children are always looking forward to the Spring Festival.22.用在整十的复数形式前表年代.e.g. In the 1870s, when Marx was over fifty, he began to learn Russian.23. 习惯用语中.(高考词汇)e.g. at the age of, at the beginning of, all over the world, all the best, go to the cinema, make the bed, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the other day, in the end, the moment, take the place of, on the radio, all the same, by the side of, by the way, on the way, in the habit of, in the charge of三. a /an的使用.1.表泛指意义的单数可数名词前或“一类”或“其中的一个”意义时.e.g. A good book can enrich a person.2.表频率,表示“每……” 、“每一……”意义时.e.g. People have three meals a day.3.某些抽象名词表具体意义或被某一形容词修饰了的时候.e.g. It gave me a surprise to meet you here again.As a teacher, he was a failure. However, as a leader, he was a success.Comrade Lei Feng led a miserable life during his childhood.4.有比喻意味或不确切的人名之前表达“一个叫……”意义时.e.g. Li Hao is a living Lei Feng in our class.A Mr. Smith wants to see you.5.当某一动作或情况并未到此结束仍有继续下去的可能性的时候,必须用“a /an+序数词”结构.e.g. Although he has failed six times, he would like to have a try a seventh time.6. 与形容词最高级连用表示“很、非常”.e.g. Yesterday was a happiest day for me, for I’d just won the first prize.7.否定比较级表达最高级意义时,常用借助于不定冠词a/ an. a/ an+比较级e.g. ____ What do you think of the film?____ Oh, I’ve never seen a worse one.____ How do you like Tom?____ I’m afraid that no one in my class has a cleverer brain than he.8.有时表示一次性行为,特别是用在名词化了的动词前.e.g. have / take a look at ; go for a walk; come to an end; come to a stop9.当一日三餐名词(breakfast, lunch, supper, dinner)或其他一些名词如time, life, help, pleasure, world, part等被某一(些)形容词修饰了的时候.e.g. a delicious breakfast / a wonderful dinner/ a great help10.固定短语结构中:have a cold / stomachache, have a match, a great number of, in a word, have a word with, make a promise, in a minute, as a matter of fact, take a seat.【特别注意】英语中,有些名词永远都不会与不定冠词连用.它们是advice, equipment, fun, furniture, information, news, luck, clothing, wealth.四.零冠词.1.表泛指意义的复数名词物质名词,以及介词后的抽象名词前.e.g. Children are often compared to flowers.Books are stairs that help people make progress.2. 复数名词表类别、属性时,不用冠词.e.g. Horses are useful animals.Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind unless they kill them for food.3.由Day构成的与公历有关的节日名词前．e.g. Children’s Day / Teachers’ Day / National Day / May Day4. 表泛指意义的月份、季节、星期、学科、语言、材料等名词前．e.g. on Sunday / in spring / in ink5.球类、棋类名词前.e.g. play football / chess / basketball6. 介词by后接表交通、通讯方式等名词前.e.g. by train /by telephone / by machine7.泛指一日三餐名词前.e.g. After breakfast, we are to visit Mountain Tai and have lunch there.8. 官衔职务名词作表语补语或同位语时.e.g. He is monitor of our class.Lincoln was elected president of the U.S.Dong Li, capital of Dongfanghong II, is a strong-minded man.9.方位副词前.e.g. Japan lies east of China.10. “from…to”结构中重复使用的单数名词,以及“名词+介词+(同样)名词”结构中的名词前都不使用任何冠词.e.g. from area to area / arm in arm / day by day11.man作“人类”讲时.e.g. Man can conquer nature.12. as引导的让步状语从句句型中的单数名词前.e.g. Hero as he is, he is still modest.Child as she is, she knows a lot.13. turn后的单数名词作表语.e.g. She has turned doctor.13.介词by后接表度量衡单位的时间、长度、重量、面积、价钱等总称名词前.e.g. by time / by weight / by area / by length14. 由地名构成的专有名词前.e.g. Wuhan University is in Wuhan.15. 单数可数名词已被物主代词数词指示代词或名词所有格修饰.16.当两个或两个以上的名词用and连接且含有对比的含义或习惯上总是一起使用时.e.g. Father and son attended the meeting together.The two were like teacher and student, though they were the same age.Husband and wife sat together in their home.17.固定短语结构中.come into use / put… into practice / out of question / out of the question/ at present1.The sign reads“ In case of___ fire, break the glass and push________ redbutton.A. ×; aB. ×; theC. the ; theD. a ; a2. Jumping out of _____ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_____ exciting experience.A. ×; theB. ×; anC. an ; anD. the ; the3.Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _____IQ.A. a highB. a higherC. the higherD. the highest4.The warmth of ____ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ____ wool used.A. × ; ×B. the ; theC. the ; ×D. ×; the5. Most animals have little connection with___ animals of ___ different kind unless they kill them for food.A.the ; aB. ×; aC. × ; theD. the ; theA. 6.Paper money was in___ use in China when Marco Polo visited thecountry in ____ thirteen century.the; B. the ; the C. ×; the D. × ;×7. ---- Have you seen ___ pen? I left it here this morning.---- Is it ______ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a ; theB. the ; theC. the; aD. a; a8. Many people agree that _____ knowledge of English is a must in ______ international trade today.A. a;×B. the ;anC. the ; theD. × ; the9.______ news conference does not always offer______ truthful information.A. / ; /B. The ; /C. A ; theD. A ; /10. Though they are_____ people of different sorts, they always buy dresses of _____ style.A. / ; theB. the ; aC. / ; aD. the ; the11. Dolly ______ sheep, the world’s first cloned animal, was given ____ shot to end her life on Feb.14 because she was suffering from a lung disease common in much older sheep.A. / ; aB. the ; aC. a ; theD. / ;the第二课时名词一名词的分类名词普通名词可数名词个体名词teacher, bus,…..集体名词people，crew…..不可数名词物质名词rice, air, water抽象名词success, friendship专有名词China, Bill Gates, the Great Wall,…二专有名词指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称Eg:Diana; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Year’s Day注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写三普通名词专有名词以外的名词都是普通名词，指作为个体而存在的人或东西。

雅思语法——第一讲英语基本句子成分和结构

第一讲英语基本句子成分和句子结构一、英语句子成分句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分，主要成分有主语和谓语，次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。

1. 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如：Tom is a good boy. （名词）We often speak English in class. （代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （不定式）Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词）The rich should help the poor. （名词化形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it为形式主语，不定式为真实主语）2. 谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：(1) 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

例如：He practices running every morning.(2) 复合谓语：由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成。

例如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.We are having a quick breakfast.3. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, keep, remain, become, get, grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）之后。

雅思英语语法讲义.

雅思英语语法材料第一章谓语动词第一讲时态一、时态表格（一）一般（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）现在时，并不难；表重复，表习惯；表状态，表客观；有频度，有次数；看主语，定单三。

（三）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成（四）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成进行二、基本时态演练Listening to the following conversation.(一) Task One: fill in the blanks.1. Interviewer: Your name?Peter: Peter __________. (1)2. Interviewer: ________ (2) you work or _________ (3) you a student?Peter: I’m studying really hard for my exams this month—I’m doing math’s at university—but I also________ (4) my parents out. They own a _________ (5) and I ________ (6) there as a waiter in the evenings, so I ____________ (7) a lot of free time during the week.My mom is always saying that I _____________ (8) enough in the restaurant! But I do manage to find some free time most days.3. Interviewer: Can you look at the _____ (9) and tell me whether you do any of these things and if so, how ____ (10)?Peter: I love music and I’m learning to play the piano. I ______ (11) really early and practice for an hour or so just about every day. I also play the guitar in a band with some other friends. We used to practice together at least _____________ (12) a week but these days we only manager to meet about once __________________ (13).4. Interviewer: What about the next thing on the list? -_________________ (14)?Peter: Well, I used to play them all the time but now I’m too busy studying and I _______ (15) miss them at all.5. Interviewer: Do you use a computer for other things?Peter: I use the Internet just about ________ (16) for my studies. And I also use it to _____________ (17) my friends and my family. My cousin is living in Thailand at the moment and he _______ (18) me regular emails to let me know how much fun he’s having! He’s always visiting exciting places.6. Interviewer: Now, how about _________________ (19)?Peter: Actually, I joined the local football team when I was at school and I still play _______________ (20) provided I can get to training. I much prefer playing football to watch it on TV, though I do ______________ (21) watch a match if there’s a big final or something.7. Interviewer: What about going to watch live matches?Peter: I’d love to be able to afford to go every week because I ____________ (22) my local team, but students don’t ____________ (23) have much money, you know! I can remember the ___________ (24) I went to a live match. Oh, sorry, I can see my friends—I ____________ (25) go now!（二）Task TwoRead through the conversation and find out:1. Present simple sentences:2. Present continuous:3. Past simple sentences:三、时态改错1. People should act according to what they are believing.2. In general, I think our government spent too much money on space travel.3. Nowadays, many people in my country have sent their children to single-sex schools.4. These days, more and more people traveling to very distant places for their holidays.5. I am hoping it is not too late to save the environment.6. The female hen laying on average 5 or 6 eggs per week.7. Younger drivers is more likely to be involved in a car accident.8. Most doctors are agreeing that the only way to lose weight is by doing more exercise.第二讲语态一、被动语态的形式二、被动语态使用情景（一）一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式1. I agree with the statement that there should be no government restriction on creative artists who express themselves in the way they do and that they must be given freedom for the same. (IELTS 4, Band 7, p167)2. There is almost everything good in what is given to us through the media world which is made up of artists. (同上)3. In conclusion, I strongly agree with that children should be taught to cooperate rather than compete. (IELTS 5, Band 6, p167)4. It was opened in the year 1863, and it is already 140 years old. (IELTS 5, Band 7, p168)（二）在描述事件和客观事实的时候，被动语态用得更多1. The use of electricity in England is indispensed with. (IELTS 4, Band 6, p164)2. Demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrated in the graph. (同上)3. The use of average English home is shown in the pie chart. (同上)（三）主语是泛指很多人或者大部分人这个方面1. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries. (IELTS 5, model answer, p162)2. It can be argued that…It is advised/believed/universally accepted/generally recognized that…It is said/reported/estimated that…（四）当上下文已经说明了动作执行者时：A law was introduced to help protect people in this situation.（五）动作的执行者并不重要时：In the factory, the shoes are cleaned and packed into boxes ready for sale.（六）需要体现动作的执行者时，加by-短语：A lot of waste materials could be recycled by large manufacturers.三、剑指考试1. To enrich vocabulary, we should read more authentic materials.可以改为：（1）（2）（3）2. It is important for nations all over the world to work hard together to control the environmental pollution.可以改为：3. I am not sure whether all the college graduates can find jobs after graduation.可以改为：4. 用适当的动词形式完成下列句子：（1）My home _____________ (locate) in the western part of the city.（2）These funds can _____________ (give) to the poorer people to help them.（3）We _____________ (not tell) that the rules had changed.（4）Children need to _____________ (teach) the correct way to behave in public.5. 句子改错：（1）The house was sell for over a million dollars.（2）The class has allowed to eat in the staff dining room during the renovations.（3）The potatoes carry along a conveyor belt to a room where they wash and peel. （4）The teacher told to take her class out of the school if the fire bell rang.（5）Smoking don’t allow in any part of the aeroplane.（6）The museum was being renovating when we were there, so we could not visit it. （7）Bus tickets can buy at any newsagents.（8）New employees have instructed not to operate the photocopier until they are trained.6. 把下面的句子改成被动语态，并决定是否需要带by-短语（1）A factory worker checks each box for quality.（2）The government does not permit children under 16 to work.（3）The washing machine is washing your clothes at the moment.（4）A mechanic will repair your car this afternoon.（5）The agent has sold our house at last.（6）Something tore the back of my coat.（7）The employer pay off the staff more for working at the weekend.（8）Burning tires give off highly toxic chemicals.第三讲虚拟语气请欣赏下列一首诗歌：If you were a teardrop in my eye,For fear of losing you, I would never cry.And if the golden sun should cease to shine its light,Just one smile from you would make my whole world bright.一、虚拟语气基本句型1. 与现在事实相反(1) If she were sick, she could stay at home and have a rest today.(2) If you watched more and talked less, we would both enjoy our film.2. 与过去事实相反(1) If they had studied earlier, they would have passed the IELTS.(2) Helen would have graduated with her class if she had been able to meet all the requirements in time.3. 与将来事实相反(1) If it snowed tomorrow, I would go skiing.(2) If it should snow tomorrow, I would go to make a snowman in front of our dormitory.(3) If you were to see your tutor, what would you tell him?4．错综的虚拟语气(1) If I were you, I wouldn’t have told that to her. （时间错综：从句现在，主句过去）(2) Had I taken my umbrella with me in the morning, I should not be wet now. (时间错综：从句过去，主句现在)5．虚拟语气的倒装可以把条件句中的if 省略掉，同时把should, were, had 等助动词提前，构成倒装句。

雅思语法 ppt课件

语法的主流趋势
我要喝点东西。 I want a drink.
a water, a beer, a coffee 创新是必须的。 Innovation is a must.
语法在“进化”
1. 句子成分：主谓宾+定状补 2. 简单句：五大基本句型 3. 并列句 4. 复合句：宾语从句，定语从句，状语从句 5. 动词四类和五大基本时态
165
IELTS 7 99
112
94
101
TOTAL
雅思写作
雅思写作并列句
2009 15
定语从句状语从句名词性从句（主宾表同）
8
7
36
2008 17
9
10
39
Grammar & vocabulary
Grammar 无规矩不成方圆
Vocabulary 巧妇难为无米之炊
Reading ＞＞＞Writing Listening ＞＞＞Speaking
及物动词，直接跟宾语，如 eat, drink, know, play, watch
不及物动词，可以不直接跟宾语，如 jump, sit, stand, think, sleep, wait, die, fight, run, live
情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形系动词如 am, is , are
9． I‘m not sure____if_/w_h_e_t_h_er_i_t _w_il_l b_e__su_n_n_y_t_o_m_o_r_ro_w_______(明天天气是否晴朗)
10．He asked me_____w_h_a_t_I_d_id__w_it_h_th_e__m_a_tt_e_r ___________(是如何处理这件事的)

(完整版)雅思口语知识点讲义,推荐文档

Grammatical Range Test PracticeA. Collocation Issue PracticeExample 1: My mom help me to walk out the most grieved period in my life until now.Example 2: We need to collect the data and write a paper around the results.Example3: She delay the progress of the team, so we can not finish the work before the deadline.Example4: She were pretended friendly and ask my recent study situation though she knew I am not goodat studyB. Sentence Structure Enhancement PracticeExample1 :But frankly speaking, I don’t really like making intimate friends with her. She is self-centered and unreliable.What she thinks about is all herself, not caring about others’ feelings. Additionally, she often breaks promises and lets people down.Example2:She is one of my friends. We knew each other in the first year since we were classmates. She is pretty academically developed. She always comes as the top in the subject though she doesn’t seem study much.Example3:I usually go to the museum with my parents. After dinner we are walk to the Canal Museum, this museum is near my house and always hold many activities.Example4:My mom help me to walk out the most grieved period in my life until now. The most grieved period was the year before last when I were prepared for the college entrance exam.Example5:She were pretended friendly and ask my recent study situation she knew I am not good at study,so every time when she asked it really make me feel embarrassed and want to escape.Example6:Q: Do you think listening to the music is important？A: Definitely, it is crucial for everybody to listen to the music.One the one hand, it is enjoyable, which will help people to releasepressure.On the other hand it is effective way for people to bemore creative.More useful collocation:grab a cup of coffeesubscribe the online-resourceslog onto the websiteappreciate the artworkdraw up a proposal/outline/a conclusiondevelop confidence/ a good habit/physical and mental healthfall out with peoplegrow apart with peopletalk sth throughspoil one dayadd up to the atmospheredistort the truthcut down the storyarouse/Kindle one’s interest/curiosity in promote efficiency/equalityfulfill one’s dream/responsibilityshift focus from xxx to xxxdedicate many hours to sthflesh out the initial ideaskeep the project on the trackpore over every draftstay on the pointsdeliver advice with speedkick the whole thing offowe much to sbbe indebted toplace importance on sthcut to the heart of the matterbe labeled by genderturn out to be a master of structure walk ab step by step through sth reach out to sb for sth3) _______________________________________________________________例如：一个人的创业史（第一桶金来源），梦想的实现，恋爱婚姻观（相亲史/不婚主义），特殊的旅行经历，某人对于热门话题的独特见解等，这些都可以是有意思对话的素材，举个小例（主体部分）：An unknown man I met in the train during a journey started a topic about how the kids and young people from the new generation have little passion on learning and busy doing unproductive staffs. Surely I started defensing the young generation and expressed the differences the new generation had with their ancestors. The conversation started to turn into a debate and both of us used our logic and reasoning. The conversation was interesting and I was actively participating in it mostly because he had good and polite way of conversation. He told his reasoning for this belief but when I showed him my logic,though this man was around 12 years senior to me, he never took any advantages of it and he treated me as an equally skilled opponent on this issue. Besides, he agreed that he learned many new facts about the new generation and our ways of thinking and lifestyles.Extra practice of adv. (7+)Choose the most appreciate adv of each blank.rgelyb.surelyc.clearlyd. thankfullye. persistentlyf. certainlyg. fortunatelyBullying is 1______unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is 2_________ rare. Victimized/Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who 3_________bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.‘There is no bullying at this school’ has been a common refrain, almost 4_____ untrue. 5_________ more school are now saying: ‘There is not much bulling here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it.With these development, schools can expect that at least the most serious kinds of bullying can 6______ be prevented.The reduction in bullying- and the consequent improvement in pupil improvement in pupil happiness-is 7_____ a worthwhile objective.B.contrast and concessionhowever despite/in spite of/regardless of whereas conversely instead while on the contrary in/by contrastthe most obvious difference is that….compared with…, …is more……is quite similar with…in terms of …Task practice:What are the differences between sending emails and writing letters as contact ways with your friends?_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________T.officially order that sth. should be forbiddenU.to reduce the negative effect of sth.by doing sth. that has an opposite effect V.reduce the total amount of tax by an average personChapter 2语法知识点：7.1高频时态准确使用一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，将来时（5.5-6）现在完成进行时，过去完成时，将来进行时（6-6.5）以下为部分真题示例：∙一般现在时：what’s your favorite music?Do you like the place you’re living in now?Do you work or are you a student?∙过去时：Why did you choose your major?What kinds of games did you play when you were a child?What did you do for entertainment when you were a child?What kinds of gifts did you often receive when you were muchyounger?∙现在完成时：Has your city/the countryside changed a lot in the last few years?Have you ever learned to play any musical instruments?∙将来时：Will you move to another city /house ?What might be your ideal job ?How will the mobile phones develop in the future?7.2 The mix use of tenses时态转化或综合使用范例(更高分）1.What changes have taken place in your hometown in the last 20 years?Well, I'm pretty young, but my parents always complain that my hometown'straffic is much worse, and they say that prices are a lot higher. But I think onthe positive side, life is better, houses are in better condition and there aremuch better shops and cleaner conditions in the restaurants.2.Has tourism changed China very much?Yes, very much in the last 10 years. Each year we are getting more tourists coming toChina since the open-door policy. Some big cities in China have become morecosmopolitan, attracting more foreigners in recent years.3.Has the transport changed over the past 20 years in China?Yes, a lot. We used to have very few bus lines years ago and people chose to go around the city by bike . But now in big cities there are more bus lines or new subway system, which has made commuting a lot easier and faster than before.4.How long have you been studying English?In my memories, I started learning English in junior school, so I guess you could say I have been keeping learning it for more than 9 years in total,even though it's been kind of "off and on."5.Do you like planting?Though I don’t plant now, in my memories I used to be fond of planting lovely sunflowers or taking care of potted plants. I was actually good at keeping plants healthy as a child, so I suppose that I didlove planting when I was much younger.7.3易混淆时态区分练习(过去时态和完成时）Correct errors of the following passage (Tenses and voice)I would like to be considered for your course degree in Zoology, starting in October next year. I feel I am a good candidate for this course as I have always been interested in natural history and even as a child I have enjoyed studying animals and insects in my garden. Your science faculty has a good reputation and I would very much like to be part of it. As you already saw in Section A of this application , I have a good academic record and I just received the results of my recent exams, all of which have been excellent.In addition, your university attracts me because I enjoy sports and I have read in your prospectus the large number of sports on st year I have represented my school at badminton and I played in football teams since I was eleven. I have recently joined a basketball team which competes at a national level.I did not travel abroad much yet, although as a young child I have been to Singapore and Hong Kong with my family.I realize that I did not spent much time away from home up to now,but am keen to become more independent.7.4时态与被动语态综合使用用动词的正确时态语态填空Our desks and chairs ________________ (make) of wood. The paper of books and newspapers ______ also ___________ (make) from wood. Even some kinds of cloth __________________ (make) from it. Many people ____________ (burn) wood to keep themselves warm in winter. Indeed, wood _______ (be) important in our everyday life.Where ________ wood __________ (come) from? It ________________ (take) from trees which_____________(grow) in the mountains. _________ you ____________ (know) how it ____________ (get) to us from the mountains?' Signpost ' words(6.5+) Extra Task practiceDomestic Violence is a sensitive issue in most societies and affects millions of women worldwide. ICRW ( 2004, p.4) claims that 'nearly one out every three women has experienced physical, emotional or sexual violence in an intimate relationship'. ________ there are many definitions of domestic violence, this study will define it as :'Behaviours that are used by one person in a relationship to control theother through: (1) a real or threatened physical harm, (2) emotional paininfliction or manipulation, (3) real or threatened sexual harm or (4)economic control.' ( Tichy et al, 2009, p. 549)__________ the nature and structure of the family life in country X ( i.e. Joint family, in which the husband and wife often live with the husband' family), this study will ______ take into account the violence perpetrated by the husband or intimate partner ________ by the in-laws.In country X, __________ the Protection From Domestic Violence Bill legally bans the ( physical and emotional ) harming of an intimate partner, it omits to mention the need to develop support structured to help victims and to fight this problem. _________, domestic violence is still considered as a private matter and as an ' invisible' issue because occurring within household walls.8.2复合句之定语从句Attributive Clauses- 定语从句中用which 和where 的区别Just beside the station was a stadium, which was built in the 19th century, and where games are now held every weekend.真题举例：Describe your favorite cafe or restaurantOne of my favorite cafes，Urban Cafe, _______ situates in North-East of my city, and ________ a wider selection of desserts and beverage come as the biggest attraction.Rewrite the sentences below as single sentences using clauses.将以下的简单句变成复合句（优先考虑定从）1．Some students take a year out before university.This allows them to work or travel.-----2．The lecture was about current economic policy.It was not very easy to understand.------3．In 1951 my parents arrived in New York. They stayed there for the rest of theirlives.------4．The government needs a lot more support.------the cost of beefwide of the mark 毫不相关come into the marketChapter 4 Part1高频话题库及范例Part 1具体高频话题Name:1．What’s your full name?2．Who gave you that name?3．Does your name have any particular meaning?4．Would you like to change your name?5．What names are most common in your hometown?Work or study:1. Do you work or are you a student?2. What work do you do?3. Why did you choose to do that kind of work?4. Why did you choose to study those subjects/that major?5. What’s your favorite subject ?6. What do you plan to do after you finish your studies?7.Have you experienced stress at work/study?Hometown:1.Where is your hometown/Where do you come from ?2.Do you like your hometown?3.What’s your favorite part of your hometown?4.Is there anything interesting in your hometown?5.Did your friends also grow up in the same place as you?6.Would you like to live in your hometown in the future?House and apartment:1.Do you live in a house or an apartment? /Where do you live now? And how long have you been there?2.What's your favorite room in your house/apartment?3.What do you usually do in your house/flat/room?4.Do you plan to move?5.Would you like to move to another place to live?Entertainment:1.What do you do in your spare time?2.How do you usually spend your evenings？3.What do you do for entertainment?4.Did you like drawing when you were a child？5.What did you do for entertainment when you were a child?6. Have you recently been to any place for entertainment?Music1.What’s your favorite kind/sort/type of music?2.Did you often listen to music when you were a child?3.Have you ever been to a musical performance?4. Have you ever learned to play a musical instrument?5. Is music an important subject at school in China?TV programmes1. Do you like watching TV?2. What types of TV programs do you like to watch?3. What TV programmes are popular in your country ?4. What types of TV programmes will be getting popular in the future ?5. How have TV programmes changed in the last decade ?Buildings:1. What kind of building are you living in now?2. How have buildings changed in the past years?3. How do people feel about old buildings in china?4. What kinds of buildings are popular in China now?5. Do old people and young people in China have the same attitudes towards old building?6. Is it important to preserve old buildings?Sports:1.Do you like any sports/What’s your favorite sport ?2.Did you play any sports at school?3.Is there any sport that you have never played that you would like to try?4.What are the most popular sports in your country?5.Why some people hardly do sports?Mobile phones:1.Do you have a mobile phone?2.When did you first have a mobile phone?3.Do you prefer to talk on phone or text message ?4.Have you ever had any problems using your mobile phone while traveling?5.How have mobile phones changes in the last few years?6.How do you think mobile phones will develop in the future?Writing /Emails and letters:1.Do you often write emails?2.On what occasions do you write letters?3.How did you learn to write?4.Do you prefer to write letters or emails to your friends ?5.What are the differences between sending emails and writing letters?6.Do you write sometimes?7.Do you have a plan to write a book in the future?8.Do you think handwriting is very important (nowadays)?9. How can children today improve (or, practice) their handwriting?Computers:1.What was you impression when you used a computer the first time?2.Have computers changed your life in any way?3.When did you first start using the internet?4.Do you play any computer games?5.Is the internet very important to you?6.Do you think you can live without the internet?7.Do you think information on the internet is very reliable?Public transport:1.What form of transport do you usually use?/How often do you use public transport?2.Is the transportation very crowded in your city?3.Do you sometimes travel with a boat?4.Would you like to spend a holiday on boat?5.Do people in your city often travel by boat?6.Do you think the price of public transport is low in your city?Advertisement:1.What are the various places where we see advertisements?2.Why do you think there are many advertisements now?3.What kinds of advertisement do you like the most?4.Do you like advertisements on TV?5.Do you prefer advertisements on TV or those in magazine?6.Have you ever bought anything because of an advertisement?Clothes and fashion:1.Are you interested in fashion and clothes?2.How often do you buy clothes online?3.How often do you go shopping for clothes?4.What kinds of clothes do you usually wear?Patience:1．Are you a patient person?/Are people in your city patient? 2．When do people need to be patient?3．Is it important to be patient? Why?4．Is it easy to be patient? Why?5．How can people be patient?6．What do you do when waiting for the bus or something else? Busy life:1.Have you been busy recently?2.Are people now getting busier ? And why?3.Do you want your future life to be busy or not ?4.If you have more free time, what will you do?5.How do you handle stress?Sleeping:1.How many hours do you sleep every day?2.Is it necessary to take a nap every day?3.Do old people sleep a lot? Why?4.Do you think the old need more sleeping/need to sleep longer? Walking1.Do you like walking? Where do you walk?2.Did you like walking when you were a child ?3.Will you prefer to use some form of transportation?4.What do you think are the benefits of walking?Photographs/Photographing1．Do you like taking photos/photographing ?2．What do you usually take photographs of, the views or the people? 3．Do you like cameras?4．Do you have a photo album ?5．How do you think you will you keep(save) your photos?6．Do you think it's important to preserve memories?Drawing(or painting)1.Have you ever learned to draw?2.Do you like drawing? How often do you draw something?3.What kind of pictures do you like to draw?4.Do you think it's important for children to learn to draw?5.What are the benefits of drawing for adults?News1．Are you very interested in the news?2．What sort of news are you most interested in?3．Do you ever get your news from the internet?4．Do you prefer to read news through the internet or on the newspapers?5．How important do you think the news reading is?6．Would you say the news affects your life a lot?Cooking/housework1.Do you know how to make(prepare ) a meal?2.Who usually cooks in your family?3.Have you ever thought about learning how to cook?4.How did you learn to cook?/Who taught you how to cook?/When did you learn cooking?5.Do you think everyone should learn how to cook?6.Do you often do housework?7.Which type of housework don't you like/you hardly do?8.Should children do more housework?Gifts1．Do you often give gifts to people?2．What was the last gift you received recently?3．What was the last gift you gave to someone?4．Have you ever sent someone a gift you made yourself?5．Do you think gift-giving is very important?6．Do people in China like to give gifts(to other people)?Parks1.Do you often go to parks ?2.What kinds of parks are popular in your country ?3.What are the differences between the parks in foreign countries and the ones in your country ? Trees1.Do you likes trees ? And why ?2.Did you like climbing trees where you were a child ?3.Do you think people like to go the places where there are many trees ?4.Is forest protection important ? And How to protect forest ?Concentration/study:1.What do you usually concentrate on and when ?2.Whether it is easy for you to keep your concentration on something or not?3.When is the best time you study well ?Dancing1.Do you dance? When was the last time you danced?2.Why do people like dancing?3.What do you feel when you watch dancing programs on TV?4.Is it important to learn how to dance?5.What types of dancing are most popular in your country?Relatives1.Do you have many relatives?2.When you were a child, did you visit relatives quite often? How about now ?3.Who do you feel is now the most important member of your family?Birthday1.Do you celebrate your birthday and how ?2.Do people in China celebrate birthday?3.How do Chinese people celebrate birthdays?4.Who do you like to celebrate your birthday with?5.Do all your friends know when your birthday is?6.Do children and adults celebrate birthdays the same way?Friends1.What do you often do with your friends in your leisure time?2.Is friendship important to you?3.Do you prefer to spend time with friends or spend time alone?4.What kind of people do you like to have as friends?Time Management/Plan1.How do you organize your time?2.Do you think young people and older people organize their time in the same way?3.How do you manage your time?4. Do you make plans in everyday life ?5. Why do you think some people never/hardly make plans?6. Is it important to make plans in everyday life?Bags1.What types of bags do you use?2.Do you usually carry a bag when you go out?3.What sorts of bags do women like to buy?4.Do you have different bags for special occasions?Countryside1.Do you go to the countryside?2.What kind of houses are there in the countryside? What is the usual style and why there are so many houses of this style?3.What are the differences between living in the countryside and living in the city center?4.How has the countryside changed in the last decade?Daily routine1.What time of the day do you like best? What’ the best part of the day for you? What time in a day can you work more effectively?2.When do you do most of your study?3.Would you like to change your daily routine (in any way)?4.How much time do you think people should spend working per week?Traveling1.Do you like traveling ? Where do you like to go when you go traveling?2.Have you ever traveled for a long time? = Have you (ever) been on any long trips?Do you like long trips?3.How do you feel when you travel?4.Do you prefer to travel alone or with other people?5.Where (which country or place) would you like to travel to (in the future)?Place/Museum1.What kinds of museums are popular in China?2.What can people learn from these places?3.Do you think that people should be charged when they go to museums?4.How can a museum attract people?Keep healthy/food1.Do you think you are leading a healthy lifestyle ?2.How do you understand a healthy lifestyle?3.What kind of food is healthy? What is junk food?4.How can people improve their health in China? How can school/parents help children stay healthy?5.Do you work out/exercise regularly? How about most people old and young in China?6.How can employers/government encourage people to live healthily?Part1 课堂必须掌握话题1. Are you a student or do you work ?2. Why did you choose your major?3. What might be your future major?4. What was your favorite major in senior school?5. Which subject didn’t you like in senior school?6. Did you enjoy your school life7. Do you like your city you’re living in now?8. Is there anything interesting in your city?9. Is there anything you really don’t like in your city ?10. Do you like the living place you’re living in now ?11. Do you think that your living place is a good place for children?12. Do you live in an apartment or a house ?13. What’s your favorite room ?14. Do you prefer to live in a house or an apartment?15. Do you have a plan to move to a new house or an apartment? Part 1 高频喜好类较难题。

雅思语法讲义1

雅思语法讲义1 (2007-02-21 11:17:28)IELTS简介BAND 9 EXPERT USER成绩极佳,能将英语运用自如, 精确、流利并能完全理解。

BAND 8 VERY GOOD USER非常好,能将英语运用自如,只是偶尔有连接的错误和不恰当,在不熟悉的状况下可能出现误解,可将复杂的争论掌握的相当好。

BAND 7 GOOD USER良好,有能力运用英语,虽然在某些情况有时会发生不准确、不适当和误解,大致可将复杂的英语掌握的不错,也理解其全部内容。

BAND 6 COMPETENT USER及格,大致能有效的运用英语,虽然有不准确、不适当和误解发生,能使用并理解相当复杂的英语,特别是在熟悉的情况时。

BAND 5 MODEST USER适当及格,可部分运用英语,在大多数情况下可应付全部的意思,虽然可能犯下许多错误,在本身领域内应可掌握基本的沟通。

BAND 4 LIMITED USER水平有限,只限在熟悉的状况下有基本的理解力,在理解与表达上常发生问题,无法使用复杂英语。

BAND 3 EXTREMEL Y LIMITED USER水平极有限,在极熟悉的情况下,只能进行一般的沟通理解。

BAND 2 INTERMITTENT USER只属于偶尔使用英语,除非在熟悉的情况,使用单词和简短的短句表达最基本的信息, 在说写方面有重大的障碍。

BAND 1 NON USER不能通过,可能只能说几个单词,无法沟通。

IELTS考试结构阅读部分测试时间1小时，约38-42题。

考试形式：简答；复选；连线题；填充题；完成图表、表格；段落大纲与摘要；是非，无关题.写作部分写作部分，测试时间1小时，分2大单元（Task 1&2）A类的Task 1通常考题以根据图片、表格坐标、曲线图的内容写一份报告为基本形式。

G类的Task 1是写一封日常生活中常见的信件。

A类与G类的Task 2非常相似，一般要求考生就某问题提出解决的方法；为某一观点辩护；比较或对比一些根据和意见；评价或反驳一些论点；提供一般真实的报告。

给雅思考生的19堂语法精讲课

0 5
第十章冠词
第十二章句子成分第十三章句子类型
第十四章主语从句
第十五章宾语、表语、同位语从句
第十六章定语从句第十七章状语从句
第十八章虚拟语气、倒装与强调
第十九章句子的修饰和润色
答案一词法部分
答案二句法部分
附录一不规则动词（含
音标）
附录二常用标点符号的使用规则
作者介绍
这是《给雅思考生的19堂语法精讲课》的读书笔记模板，暂无该书作者的介绍。
目录分析
第一章关于雅 1
思语法，你最关心的5个问题
2
第二章词类
3 第三章动词（I）
概述
4 第四章动词
（II）时态和语态
5 第五章动词
（III）情态动词
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第六章动词（IV）不定式
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第七章动词（V）动名词
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第八章动词（VI）分词
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第九章名词
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第十一章形容词和副词
读书笔记
这是《给雅思考生的19堂语法精讲课》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的心得。
精彩摘录
这是《给雅思考生的19堂语法精讲课》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的精彩内容摘录。
谢谢观看
给雅思考生的19堂语法精讲课
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 目录分析 05 读书笔记
目录
02 内容摘要 04 作者介绍 06 精彩摘录
思维导图
关键字分析思维导图
语法
语法
材料
部分
问题
动词
词类
语法
考生
雅思考试句子
部分雅Biblioteka 句法同位名词

雅思语法讲义精选

雅思语法讲义精选一、名词性从句概念：在一个英语句子当中，特定的成份必须用名词性结构来表示。

名词性结构分为两种：名词和名词从句。

名词从句就是语法功能相当于名词或名词短语的从句。

简而言之,它是一种用从句来代替名词的句型。

考生常见问题: 缺乏名词意识.1. (1). Save money is beneficial for ones life after retirement. ()(2). There are more and more young criminals in the society has drawn the attention of media. ()2. Some people believe that mobile phones have taken the place of write letters. ()l 名词性从句重点句型1. What从句(写作) 通过打工，我们获得的不仅仅是工作经验。

它同样能帮助我们把在学校里学到的东西运用到实践当中。

2. that 从句(写作) 新东方能够培养出3. 主语从句的变形由连词that引导的主语从句，在实际使用中that从句一般由it做形式主语。

That practice makes perfect (熟能生巧) is known to us. (Rare) It is known to us/widely accepted that practice makes perfect. (Common)Tip: 在英语当中表示据的句型一般都用It is + 过去分词+ that引导的主语从句(一般表示某种情况。

)据估计: It is estimated that 据报道: It is reported that .从图表当中我们可以看到: It could be noted from the graph that表示做是重要/必要的的时候, 主语从句必须用虚拟语气(should+动词原型).It is important/essential/vital/necessary that sb/sth (should) do sth在我看来,政府向老年人提供经济援助至关重要.4. 由疑问词(how, when, where, whether, why, who)等引导的名词性从句考生常见问题：(写作) 很多人根本不明白存钱的目的何在.Many people dont know what is the purpose of save money. ( )5. 宾语从句：注意事项1：当主句的谓语是think, believe等时，如果后面跟的宾语从句要表示否定意思，则把谓语动词think, believe变成否定形式，宾语从句为肯定句形式。

雅思英语语法讲义.

（三）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成进行（四）二、基本时态演练Listening to the following conversation.(一) Task One: fill in the blanks.1. Interviewer: Your name?Peter: Peter __________. (1)2. Interviewer: ________ (2) you work or _________ (3) you a student?Peter: I’m studying really hard for my exams this month—I’m doing math’s at university—but I also________ (4) my parents out. They own a _________ (5) and I ________ (6) there as a waiter in the evenings, so I ____________ (7) a lot of free time during the week.My mom is always saying that I _____________ (8) enough in the restaurant! But I do manage to find some free time most days.3. Interviewer: Can you look at the _____ (9) and tell me whether you do any of these things and if so, how ____ (10)?Peter: I love music and I’m learning to play the piano. I ______ (11) really early and practice for an hour or so just about every day. I also play the guitar in a band with some other friends. We used to practice together at least _____________ (12) a week but these days we only manager to meet about once __________________ (13).4. Interviewer: What about the next thing on the list? -_________________ (14)?Peter: Well, I used to play them all the time but now I’m too busy studying and I _______ (15) miss them at all.5. Interviewer: Do you use a computer for other things?Peter: I use the Internet just about ________ (16) for my studies. And I also use it to _____________ (17) my friends and my family. My cousin is living in Thailand at the moment and he _______ (18) me regular emails to let me know how much fun he’s having! He’s always visiting exciting places.6. Interviewer: Now, how about _________________ (19)?Peter: Actually, I joined the local football team when I was at school and I still play _______________ (20) provided I can get to training. I much prefer playing football to watch it on TV, though I do ______________ (21) watch a match if there’s a big final or something.7. Interviewer: What about going to watch live matches?Peter: I’d love to be able to afford to go every week because I ____________ (22) my local team, but students don’t ____________ (23) have much money, you know! I can remember the ___________ (24) I went to a live match. Oh, sorry, I can see my friends—I ____________ (25)go now!（二）Task TwoRead through the conversation and find out:1. Present simple sentences:2. Present continuous:3. Past simple sentences:三、时态改错1. People should act according to what they are believing.2. In general, I think our government spent too much money on space travel.3. Nowadays, many people in my country have sent their children to single-sex schools.4. These days, more and more people traveling to very distant places for their holidays.5. I am hoping it is not too late to save the environment.6. The female hen laying on average 5 or 6 eggs per week.7. Younger drivers is more likely to be involved in a car accident.8. Most doctors are agreeing that the only way to lose weight is by doing more exercise.第二讲语态一、被动语态的形式二、被动语态使用情景（一）一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式1. I agree with the statement that there should be no government restriction on creative artists who express themselves in the way they do and that they must be given freedom for the same. (IELTS 4, Band 7, p167)2. There is almost everything good in what is given to us through the media world which is made up of artists. (同上)3. In conclusion, I strongly agree with that children should be taught to cooperate rather than compete. (IELTS 5, Band 6, p167)4. It was opened in the year 1863, and it is already 140 years old. (IELTS 5, Band 7, p168)（二）在描述事件和客观事实的时候，被动语态用得更多1. The use of electricity in England is indispensed with. (IELTS 4, Band 6, p164)2. Demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrated in the graph. (同上)3. The use of average English home is shown in the pie chart. (同上)（三）主语是泛指很多人或者大部分人这个方面1. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which it is thought thatthe proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries. (IELTS 5, model answer, p162)2. It can be argued that…It is advised/believed/universally accepted/generally recognized that…It is said/reported/estimated that…（四）当上下文已经说明了动作执行者时：A law was introduced to help protect people in this situation.（五）动作的执行者并不重要时：In the factory, the shoes are cleaned and packed into boxes ready for sale.（六）需要体现动作的执行者时，加by-短语：A lot of waste materials could be recycled by large manufacturers.三、剑指考试1. To enrich vocabulary, we should read more authentic materials.可以改为：（1）（2）（3）2. It is important for nations all over the world to work hard together to control the environmental pollution.可以改为：3. I am not sure whether all the college graduates can find jobs after graduation.可以改为：4. 用适当的动词形式完成下列句子：（1）My home _____________ (locate) in the western part of the city.（2）These funds can _____________ (give) to the poorer people to help them.（3）We _____________ (not tell) that the rules had changed.（4）Children need to _____________ (teach) the correct way to behave in public.5. 句子改错：（1）The house was sell for over a million dollars.（2）The class has allowed to eat in the staff dining room during the renovations.（3）The potatoes carry along a conveyor belt to a room where they wash and peel. （4）The teacher told to take her class out of the school if the fire bell rang.（5）Smoking don’t allow in any part of the aeroplane.（6）The museum was being renovating when we were there, so we could not visit it. （7）Bus tickets can buy at any newsagents.（8）New employees have instructed not to operate the photocopier until they are trained.6. 把下面的句子改成被动语态，并决定是否需要带by-短语（1）A factory worker checks each box for quality.（2）The government does not permit children under 16 to work.（3）The washing machine is washing your clothes at the moment.（4）A mechanic will repair your car this afternoon.（5）The agent has sold our house at last.（6）Something tore the back of my coat.（7）The employer pay off the staff more for working at the weekend.（8）Burning tires give off highly toxic chemicals.第三讲虚拟语气请欣赏下列一首诗歌：If you were a teardrop in my eye,For fear of losing you, I would never cry.And if the golden sun should cease to shine its light,Just one smile from you would make my whole world bright.一、虚拟语气基本句型1. 与现在事实相反(1) If she were sick, she could stay at home and have a rest today.(2) If you watched more and talked less, we would both enjoy our film.2. 与过去事实相反(1) If they had studied earlier, they would have passed the IELTS.(2) Helen would have graduated with her class if she had been able to meet all the requirements in time.3. 与将来事实相反(1) If it snowed tomorrow, I would go skiing.(2) If it should snow tomorrow, I would go to make a snowman in front of our dormitory.(3) If you were to see your tutor, what would you tell him?4．错综的虚拟语气(1) If I were you, I wouldn’t have told that to her. （时间错综：从句现在，主句过去）(2) Had I taken my umbrella with me in the morning, I should not be wet now. (时间错综：从句过去，主句现在)5．虚拟语气的倒装可以把条件句中的if 省略掉，同时把should, were, had 等助动词提前，构成倒装句。

【小站教育】雅思考试基础语法讲义

雅思考试基础语法讲义一、雅思语法基本知识二、雅思写作：把英语句子写活学生写作时，如果仅局限在把内容交代清楚的水准上，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，或一律使用简单句平铺直叙，那么，这样写出来的文章就会像一碗白开水，呆板、单调，没有可读性。

要使文章耐人寻味，有深度，同学们就应尝试使用一些高级词汇或句型，以凸显文章的亮点，使文章增添文采，给读者(尤其是阅卷老师留下深刻印象)。

具体说来，同学们可尝试以下方法：1. 灵活改变句子开头在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语位于句子开头。

但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如使用倒状语或以状语开头等，会使文章增强表现力。

如：(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.在小山顶上有一座古庙。

(2) You can do it well only in this way.→ Only in this way can you do it well.只有这样你才能把它做好。

(3) A young woman sat by the window.→ By the window sat a young woman.窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。

2. 避免重复使用同一词语为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。

如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。

如：I like reading while my brother likes watching television.→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.我喜欢看书，而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。

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（三）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成（四）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成进行二、基本时态演练1. Science still a cure for cancer.a . doesn’t find c.hasn’t foundb . haven’t found d.aren’t finding2. While he a route to the Indies, Columbus discoveredAmerica.a . searched c.had searched forb . was discovering d.was searching for3. Existing reserves of fossil fuel by 2045.a . have been run out c.is going to be run outb . will have run out d.have run out4. Only by investing heavily in value-added exportsfrom the present trade imbalance.a . the country can emerge c.can the country emergeb . the country might emerge d.the country emerged5. Until the 16th century the earth to be flat.a . is believed c.believedb . has been believed d.was believed6. If the temperature of the reactor 500C highermeltdown would have occurred.a . was c.was beingb . had been d.had7. The lecturer said ‘It’s time you the literaturereview.’a . began c.should beginb . begin d.are beginning8. After your results you should make an appointmentwith your tutor.a . you receiving c.you have receivedb . you would have received d.you received9. You the experiment twice, not once.a . should have carried out c.haven’t carried outb . shouldn’t have carriedoutd.couldn’t have carried out10.The scientists were prohibited the danger zone.a . to enter c.enterb . entering d.from entering三、时态改错1. People should act according to what they are believing.2. In general, I think our government spent too much money on space travel.3. These days, more and more people traveling to very distant places for their holidays.4. I am hoping it is not too late to save the environment.5. The female hen laying on average 5 or 6 eggs per week.6. Younger drivers is more likely to be involved in a car accident.7. Most doctors are agreeing that the only way to lose weight is by doing more exercise.第二讲语态一、被动语态的形式二、被动语态使用情景（一）一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式1. I agree with the statement that there should be no government restriction on creative artists who express themselves in the way they do and that they must be given freedom for the same. (IELTS 4, Band 7, p167)2. There is almost everything good in what is given to us through the media world which is made up of artists. (同上)3. In conclusion, I strongly agree with that children should be taught to cooperate rather than compete. (IELTS 5, Band 6, p167)4. It was opened in the year 1863, and it is already 140 years old. (IELTS 5, Band 7, p168)（二）在描述事件和客观事实的时候，被动语态用得更多1. The use of electricity in England is indispensed with. (IELTS 4, Band 6, p164)2. Demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrated in the graph. (同上)3. The use of average English home is shown in the pie chart. (同上)（三）主语是泛指很多人或者大部分人这个方面1. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries. (IELTS 5, model answer, p162)2. It can be argued that…It is advised/believed/universally accepted/generally recognized that…It is said/reported/estimated that…（四）当上下文已经说明了动作执行者时：A law was introduced to help protect people in this situation.（五）动作的执行者并不重要时：In the factory, the shoes are cleaned and packed into boxes ready for sale.（六）需要体现动作的执行者时，加by-短语：A lot of waste materials could be recycled by large manufacturers.三、改写1. To enrich vocabulary, we should read more authentic materials.可以改为：2. I am not sure whether all the college graduates can find jobs after graduation.可以改为：4. 用适当的动词形式完成下列句子：（1）My home _____________ (locate) in the western part of the city. （2）These funds can _____________ (give) to the poorer people to help them.（3）We _____________ (not tell) that the rules had changed.（4）Children need to _____________ (teach) the correct way to behave in public.5. 句子改错：（1）The house was sell for over a million dollars.（2）The class has allowed to eat in the staff dining room during the renovations.（3）The potatoes carry along a conveyor belt to a room where they wash and peel.（4）The teacher told to take her class out of the school if the fire bell rang.（5）Smoking don’t allow in any part of the aeroplane.（6）The museum was being renovating when we were there, so we could not visit it.（7）Bus tickets can buy at any newsagents.（8）New employees have instructed not to operate the photocopier until they are trained.6. 把下面的句子改成被动语态，并决定是否需要带by-短语（1）A factory worker checks each box for quality.（2）The government does not permit children under 16 to work.（3）The washing machine is washing your clothes at the moment.（4）A mechanic will repair your car this afternoon.（5）The agent has sold our house at last.（6）Something tore the back of my coat.（7）The employer pay off the staff more for working at the weekend.（8）Burning tires give off highly toxic chemicals.第三讲虚拟语气请欣赏下列一首诗歌：If you were a teardrop in my eye,For fear of losing you, I would never cry.And if the golden sun should cease to shine its light,Just one smile from you would make my whole world bright.一、虚拟语气基本句型(1) If she were sick, she could stay at home and have a rest today.(2) If you watched more and talked less, we would both enjoy our film.2. 与过去事实相反(1) If they had studied earlier, they would have passed the IELTS.(2) Helen would have graduated with her class if she had been able to meet all the requirements in time.3. 与将来事实相反(1) If it snowed tomorrow, I would go skiing.(2) If it should snow tomorrow, I would go to make a snowman in front of our dormitory.(3) If you were to see your tutor, what would you tell him?4．错综的虚拟语气(1) If I were you, I wouldn’t have told that to her. （时间错综：从句现在，主句过去）(2) Had I taken my umbrella with me in the morning, I should not be wet now. (时间错综：从句过去，主句现在)5．虚拟语气的倒装可以把条件句中的 if 省略掉，同时把 should, were, had 等助动词提前，构成倒装句。

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【小站教育】雅思考试基础语法讲义